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Mazorra-Alonso M, Peralta-Sánchez JM, Heeb P, Jacob S, Martin-Vivaldi M, Martínez-Bueno M, Núñez-Gómez R, Sacristán-Soriano O, Soler JJ. Microbiota and the volatile profile of avian nests are associated with each other and with the intensity of parasitism. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae106. [PMID: 39049462 PMCID: PMC11407443 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have been suggested as being partially responsible for avian nest odours and, thus, volatiles from their metabolism could influence the intensity of selection pressures due to parasites detecting olfactory cues of their hosts. Here, we tested this hypothesis by exploring intraspecific and interspecific variability in microbial environments, volatile profiles and intensity of ectoparasitism by Carnus hemapterus in the nests of 10 avian species. As expected, we found that (i) alpha and beta diversity of microbial and volatile profiles were associated with each other. Moreover, (ii) alpha diversity of bacteria and volatiles of the nest environment, as well as some particular bacteria and volatiles, was associated with the intensity of parasitism at early and late stages of the nestling period. Finally, (iii) alpha diversity of the nest microbiota, as well as some particular bacteria and volatiles, was correlated with fledging success. When considering them together, the results support the expected links between the microbial environment and nest odours in different bird species, and between the microbial environment and both ectoparasitism intensity and fledging success. Relative abundances of particular volatiles and bacteria predicted ectoparasitism and/or fledging success. Future research should prioritise experimental approaches directed to determine the role of bacteria and volatiles in the outcomes of host-ectoparasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Mazorra-Alonso
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | - Philipp Heeb
- Centre de Recherche en Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR 5300 Bâtiment 4R1, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UMR 5321 Moulis, France
| | - Manuel Martin-Vivaldi
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Unidad asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: cucos, hospedadores y bacterias simbiontes. Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Unidad asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: cucos, hospedadores y bacterias simbiontes. Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Núñez-Gómez
- Servicio de Instrumentación Científica, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Soler
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), 04120 Almería, Spain
- Unidad asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: cucos, hospedadores y bacterias simbiontes. Universidad de Granada, Spain
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2
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Jiménez-Padilla Y, Chan Y, Aletta MS, Lachance MA, Simon AF. The effect of microbiome on social spacing in Drosophila melanogaster depends on genetic background and sex. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001270. [PMID: 39381640 PMCID: PMC11461029 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome modulates many essential functions including metabolism, immunity, and behaviour. Specifically, within behaviour, social behaviours such as sociability, aggregation, mating preference, avoidance, oviposition, and aggression are known to be regulated in part by this host-microbiome relationship. Here, we show the microbiome's role in the determination of social spacing in a sex- and genotype-specific manner. Future work can be done on characterizing the microbiome in each of these fly strains to identify the species of microbes present as well as their abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen Chan
- Biology Department, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Sol Aletta
- Biology Department, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anne F Simon
- Biology Department, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Bíl M, Sedoník J, Andrášik R, Kušta T, Keken Z. Olfactory repellents decrease the number of ungulate-vehicle collisions on roads: Results of a two-year carcass study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121561. [PMID: 38924890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to test the effectiveness of olfactory repellents (ORE) as a mitigation measure to reduce ungulate-vehicle collisions (UVC). In the first phase, an extensive field survey was undertaken while employing the Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) study design. On the basis of ungulate mortality, 134 road sections were monitored on foot along both roadsides once a week. The monitoring lasted fourteen weeks per year in both 2021 (Before period) and 2022 (After period). In the after period, 2022, ORE were applied within the impact segments. The second phase consisted of data verification and statistical analysis. The data revealed a decrease in UVC of 68%. The confidence interval of this estimate suggested, however, a great deal of uncertainty about the true value. Therefore, the data were pooled, and the Bayesian inference was applied. On the level of moderate evidence, ORE decreased the number of UVC by at least 43% and at most 60%. We also observed that the ORE effect was more pronounced in the first seven weeks after installation than in the following seven weeks, suggesting ungulate habituation to ORE. We have therefore concluded that for a short period (ideally corresponding to UVC peaks) ORE could be considered an effective safety measure for secondary roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bíl
- Transport Research Centre (CDV), Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Sedoník
- Transport Research Centre (CDV), Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Andrášik
- Transport Research Centre (CDV), Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kušta
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Keken
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Praha, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
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4
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Güngör E, Savary J, Adema K, Dijkhuizen LW, Keilwagen J, Himmelbach A, Mascher M, Koppers N, Bräutigam A, Van Hove C, Riant O, Nierzwicki-Bauer S, Schluepmann H. The crane fly glycosylated triketide δ-lactone cornicinine elicits akinete differentiation of the cyanobiont in aquatic Azolla fern symbioses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2675-2692. [PMID: 38600764 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The restriction of plant-symbiont dinitrogen fixation by an insect semiochemical had not been previously described. Here we report on a glycosylated triketide δ-lactone from Nephrotoma cornicina crane flies, cornicinine, that causes chlorosis in the floating-fern symbioses from the genus Azolla. Only the glycosylated trans-A form of chemically synthesized cornicinine was active: 500 nM cornicinine in the growth medium turned all cyanobacterial filaments from Nostoc azollae inside the host leaf-cavities into akinetes typically secreting CTB-bacteriocins. Cornicinine further inhibited akinete germination in Azolla sporelings, precluding re-establishment of the symbiosis during sexual reproduction. It did not impact development of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana or several free-living cyanobacteria from the genera Anabaena or Nostoc but affected the fern host without cyanobiont. Fern-host mRNA sequencing from isolated leaf cavities confirmed high NH4-assimilation and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in this trichome-rich tissue. After cornicinine treatment, it revealed activation of Cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase-pathways, known to mediate metabolite signaling and plant elicitation consistent with the chlorosis phenotype, and increased JA-oxidase, sulfate transport and exosome formation. The work begins to uncover molecular mechanisms of cyanobiont differentiation in a seed-free plant symbiosis important for wetland ecology or circular crop-production today, that once caused massive CO2 draw-down during the Eocene geological past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbil Güngör
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Savary
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kelvin Adema
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Nils Koppers
- Computational Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Computational Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Charles Van Hove
- Emeritus Professor from the Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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5
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Gimonneau G, Buatois B, Lapeyre B, Wendemanegde Salou E, Sanon N, Ranaivoarisoa A, Roux O, Dormont L. Identification of Semiochemical Candidates Involved in Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis Larviposition Site Selection and Behavioural Responses of Adult Gravid Females. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01524-8. [PMID: 38896387 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the cyclical vectors of human and animal trypanosomes. This viviparous insect develops and produces a single larva at 10-day intervals deposited in specific sites. In some species aggregation of larvae has been shown and seems to be mediated by both physical factors and volatile semiochemicals of larval origin. In this context, this study aims to identify chemicals emitted during the pupariation process in Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted by larvae were identified using static headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Electrophysiology and behavioural assays were performed on gravid females to confirm VOCs behavioural activity and attractiveness. GC-MS results revealed ten chemicals emitted during the pupariation process of G. p. gambiensis larvae. Among these chemicals, gravid females were shown to detect nine of them during coupled gas chromatography - electroantennographic detection tests. Behavioural assays highlighted two compounds were as attractive as pupae and one compound and a blend of four compounds were more attractive than pupae. Although the larval origin of some of them needs to be confirmed as they may also likely produced by micro-organisms, these compounds induced significant behavioural responses in the laboratory. Further experiments have to explore the biological activity and competitiveness of these compounds in the field. This work opens interesting opportunities for behavioural manipulation and control of tsetse flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Centre International de Recherche - Développement sur l'Elevage en zone subhumide, BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, F-34398, France.
- INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bruno Buatois
- CEFE, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Lapeyre
- CEFE, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ernest Wendemanegde Salou
- Centre International de Recherche - Développement sur l'Elevage en zone subhumide, BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- Département de Sciences biologiques/UFR-ST, Université Polytechnique de Bobo - Dioulasso (UPB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Nadege Sanon
- Centre International de Recherche - Développement sur l'Elevage en zone subhumide, BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Annick Ranaivoarisoa
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Roux
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Dormont
- CEFE, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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6
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Zhou L, Hu P, Xie J, Li J, Guo C, Yang Z. Influence of Endogenous Bacteria on Behavioral Responses in Leptocybe invasa: An Analysis of mVOCs. INSECTS 2024; 15:455. [PMID: 38921169 PMCID: PMC11203816 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms within insects play a vital role in maintaining the basal physiological functions of the insects, with olfactory signals as critical components of insect survival strategies. Leptocybe invasa (L. invasa), an invasive alien pest inflicting significant damage to eucalyptus trees, harbors a rich and varied bacterial community within its body. However, the impact of its endogenous bacteria and their microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (mVOCs) on the behavioral preferences of L. invasa remains unexplored to date. This study focused on nine cultivable and dominant endogenous bacterial strains within L. invasa. Using a Y-tube olfactometer, we investigated the behavioral responses of female L. invasa to the mVOCs emitted by these bacteria. Concurrently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to quantify the mVOCs produced by these endogenous bacteria. Our findings revealed that Staphylococcus sp. exhibited the highest attractiveness of L. invasa, whereas Microbacterium sp. and E. cloacae exerted the most significant avoidance effects. The analysis of the mVOCs further highlighted the significance of aldehyde compounds, notably 2,3,6-trichlorobenzaldehyde, and alkane compounds, such as eicosane, in mediating the repellency and attraction effects. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the invasion mechanism of L. invasa and provide a scientific basis for developing novel biopesticides or elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leming Zhou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (J.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Ping Hu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (J.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinting Xie
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (J.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjue Li
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (J.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Chunhui Guo
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yellow River Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - Zhengde Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (J.X.); (J.L.)
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7
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Goodale E, Magrath RD. Species diversity and interspecific information flow. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:999-1014. [PMID: 38279871 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Interspecific information flow is known to affect individual fitness, population dynamics and community assembly, but there has been less study of how species diversity affects information flow and thereby ecosystem functioning and services. We address this question by first examining differences among species in the sensitivity, accuracy, transmissibility, detectability and value of the cues and signals they produce, and in how they receive, store and use information derived from heterospecifics. We then review how interspecific information flow occurs in communities, involving a diversity of species and sensory modes, and how this flow can affect ecosystem-level functions, such as decomposition, seed dispersal or algae removal on coral reefs. We highlight evidence that some keystone species are particularly critical as a source of information used by eavesdroppers, and so have a disproportionate effect on information flow. Such keystone species include community informants producing signals, particularly about predation risk, that influence other species' landscapes of fear, and aggregation initiators creating cues or signals about resources. We suggest that the presence of keystone species means that there will likely be a positive relationship in many communities between species diversity and information through a 'sampling effect', in which larger pools of species are more likely to include the keystone species by chance. We then consider whether the number and relative abundance of species, irrespective of the presence of keystone species, matter to interspecific information flow; on this issue, the theory is less developed, and the evidence scant and indirect. Higher diversity could increase the quantity or quality of information that is used by eavesdroppers because redundancy increases the reliability of information or because the species provide complementary information. Alternatively, there could be a lack of a relationship between species diversity and information if there is widespread information parasitism where users are not sources, or if information sourced from heterospecifics is of lower value than that gained personally or sourced from conspecifics. Recent research suggests that species diversity does have information-modulated community and ecosystem consequences, especially in birds, such as the diversity of species at feeders increasing resource exploitation, or the number of imitated species increasing responses to vocal mimics. A first step for future research includes comprehensive observations of information flow among different taxa and habitats. Then studies should investigate whether species diversity influences the cumulative quality or quantity of information at the community level, and consequently ecosystem-level processes. An applied objective is to conserve species in part for their value as sources of information for other species, including for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eben Goodale
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Robert D Magrath
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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8
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Ahsan SM, Injamum-Ul-Hoque M, Das AK, Rahman MM, Mollah MMI, Paul NC, Choi HW. Plant-Entomopathogenic Fungi Interaction: Recent Progress and Future Prospects on Endophytism-Mediated Growth Promotion and Biocontrol. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1420. [PMID: 38794490 PMCID: PMC11124879 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi, often acknowledged primarily for their insecticidal properties, fulfill diverse roles within ecosystems. These roles encompass endophytism, antagonism against plant diseases, promotion of the growth of plants, and inhabitation of the rhizosphere, occurring both naturally and upon artificial inoculation, as substantiated by a growing body of contemporary research. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial aspects of endophytic colonization. This review aims to systematically organize information concerning the direct (nutrient acquisition and production of phytohormones) and indirect (resistance induction, antibiotic and secondary metabolite production, siderophore production, and mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses) implications of endophytic colonization. Furthermore, a thorough discussion of these mechanisms is provided. Several challenges, including isolation complexities, classification of novel strains, and the impact of terrestrial location, vegetation type, and anthropogenic reluctance to use fungal entomopathogens, have been recognized as hurdles. However, recent advancements in biotechnology within microbial research hold promising solutions to many of these challenges. Ultimately, the current constraints delineate potential future avenues for leveraging endophytic fungal entomopathogens as dual microbial control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ahsan
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md. Injamum-Ul-Hoque
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.I.-U.-H.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.I.-U.-H.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Md. Mahi Imam Mollah
- Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh;
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Cannabis Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
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9
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Cardoso P, Pinto R, Lopes T, Figueira E. How Bacteria Cope with Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium: Volatile Communication Is Differentially Perceived among Strains. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:565. [PMID: 38790670 PMCID: PMC11118407 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil is an environment with numerous niches, where bacteria are exposed to diverse conditions. Some bacteria are exposed earlier than others to pressure, and the emission of signals that other bacteria can receive and perceive may allow a better response to an eminent stimulus. To shed light on how bacteria trigger their response and adapt to changes in the environment, the intra- and interspecific influences of volatiles on bacterial strains growing under non-stressed and cadmium-stressed conditions were assessed. Each strain was exposed to its volatiles emitted by cells growing under different conditions to test whether the environment in which a cell grows influences neighboring cells. The five genera tested showed different responses, with Rhizobium displaying the greatest influence. In a second experiment, 13 strains from different genera were grown under control conditions but exposed to volatiles released by Cd-stressed Rhizobium cells to ascertain whether Rhizobium's observed influence was strain-specific or broader. Our results showed that the volatiles emitted by some bacteria under stress are differentially perceived and translated into biochemical changes (growth, alteration of the antioxidant response, and oxidative damage) by other bacteria, which may increase the adaptability and resilience of bacterial communities to environmental changes, especially those with a prooxidant nature. Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soils constitutes a risk to the environment and human health. Here, we showed the effects of Cd exposure on bacteria and how volatile communication influences the biochemistry related to coping with oxidative stress. This knowledge can be important for remediation and risk assessment and highlights that new biological features, such as volatile communication, should be considered when studying and assessing the impact of contaminants on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cardoso
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (R.P.); (T.L.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (R.P.); (T.L.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Lopes
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (R.P.); (T.L.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (R.P.); (T.L.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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10
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Wang L, Hou M, Liang C, Xu Q, Lu Y, Zhao Z. Role of odorant binding protein C12 in the response of Tribolium castaneum to chemical agents. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105861. [PMID: 38685215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum is a worldwide pest of stored grain that mainly damages flour, and not only causes serious loss of flour quality but also leads to deterioration of flour quality. Chemical detection plays a key role in insect behavior, and the role of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in insect chemical detection has been widely studied. OBPs can interact with small molecule compounds and thereby modulate variation in insecticide susceptibility in insects. In this study, a total of 65 small molecule compounds are selected to investigate the bound effect with TcOBP C12. The molecular docking results showed that β-caryophyllene, (-)-catechin, butylated hydroxytoluene, diphenyl phthalate and quercetin were the top five compounds, with docking binding energies of -6.11, -5.25, -5.09, -5.05, and - 5.03 Kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics analysis indicated that odorant binding protein C12 (TcOBP C12) exhibited high binding affinity to all five tested chemical ligands, evidenced by fluorescence quenching assay in vitro. In addition, the contact toxicity assay results suggested that these chemical agents caused a dose-dependent increase in mortality rate for T. castaneum adults. The TcOBP C12 gene was upregulated >2 times after a 24-h exposure, indicating that OBP C12 may play an important role for T. castaneum in response to these chemical agents. In conclusion, our results provide a theoretical basis for future insecticide experiments and pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Mingrui Hou
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Chuanqi Liang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Qingfen Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China.
| | - Zongpei Zhao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China.
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11
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Makopa TP, Ncube T, Alwasel S, Boekhout T, Zhou N. Yeast-insect interactions in southern Africa: Tapping the diversity of yeasts for modern bioprocessing. Yeast 2024; 41:330-348. [PMID: 38450792 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast-insect interactions are one of the most interesting long-standing relationships whose research has contributed to our understanding of yeast biodiversity and their industrial applications. Although insect-derived yeast strains are exploited for industrial fermentations, only a limited number of such applications has been documented. The search for novel yeasts from insects is attractive to augment the currently domesticated and commercialized production strains. More specifically, there is potential in tapping the insects native to southern Africa. Southern Africa is home to a disproportionately high fraction of global biodiversity with a cluster of biomes and a broad climate range. This review presents arguments on the roles of the mutualistic relationship between yeasts and insects, the presence of diverse pristine environments and a long history of spontaneous food and beverage fermentations as the potential source of novelty. The review further discusses the recent advances in novelty of industrial strains of insect origin, as well as various ancient and modern-day industries that could be improved by use yeasts from insect origin. The major focus of the review is on the relationship between insects and yeasts in southern African ecosystems as a potential source of novel industrial yeast strains for modern bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda P Makopa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Thembekile Ncube
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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12
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Raio A. Diverse roles played by "Pseudomonas fluorescens complex" volatile compounds in their interaction with phytopathogenic microrganims, pests and plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:80. [PMID: 38281212 PMCID: PMC10822798 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens complex consists of environmental and some human opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. It includes mainly beneficial and few phytopathogenic species that are common inhabitants of soil and plant rhizosphere. Many members of the group are in fact known as effective biocontrol agents of plant pathogens and as plant growth promoters and for these attitudes they are of great interest for biotechnological applications. The antagonistic activity of fluorescent Pseudomonas is mainly related to the production of several antibiotic compounds, lytic enzymes, lipopeptides and siderophores. Several volatile organic compounds are also synthesized by fluorescent Pseudomonas including different kinds of molecules that are involved in antagonistic interactions with other organisms and in the induction of systemic responses in plants. This review will mainly focus on the volatile compounds emitted by some members of P. fluorescens complex so far identified, with the aim to highlight the role played by these molecules in the interaction of the bacteria with phytopathogenic micro and macro-organisms and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Raio
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano, 10., 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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13
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Ma M, Luo J, Li C, Eleftherianos I, Zhang W, Xu L. A life-and-death struggle: interaction of insects with entomopathogenic fungi across various infection stages. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1329843. [PMID: 38259477 PMCID: PMC10800808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects constitute approximately 75% of the world's recognized fauna, with the majority of species considered as pests. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are parasitic microorganisms capable of efficiently infecting insects, rendering them potent biopesticides. In response to infections, insects have evolved diverse defense mechanisms, prompting EPF to develop a variety of strategies to overcome or circumvent host defenses. While the interaction mechanisms between EPF and insects is well established, recent findings underscore that their interplay is more intricate than previously thought, especially evident across different stages of EPF infection. This review primarily focuses on the interplay between EPF and the insect defense strategies, centered around three infection stages: (1) Early infection stage: involving the pre-contact detection and avoidance behavior of EPF in insects, along with the induction of behavioral responses upon contact with the host cuticle; (2) Penetration and intra-hemolymph growth stage: involving the initiation of intricate cellular and humoral immune functions in insects, while symbiotic microbes can further contribute to host resistance; (3) Host insect's death stage: involving the ultimate confrontation between pathogens and insects. Infected insects strive to separate themselves from the healthy population, while pathogens rely on the infected insects to spread to new hosts. Also, we discuss a novel pest management strategy underlying the cooperation between EPF infection and disturbing the insect immune system. By enhancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between EPF and the insect, this review provides novel perspectives for EPF-mediated pest management and developing effective fungal insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ioannis Eleftherianos
- Infection and Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Srikamwang C, onsa NE, Sunanta P, Sangta J, Chanway CP, Thanakkasaranee S, Sommano SR. Role of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds in Promoting Plant Growth and Disease Resistance in Horticultural Production. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2227440. [PMID: 37366146 PMCID: PMC10730190 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2227440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) are a diverse group of volatile organic compounds that microorganisms may produce and release into the environment. These compounds have both positive and negative effects on plants, as they have been shown to be effective at mitigating stresses and functioning as immune stimulants. Furthermore, MVOCs modulate plant growth and systemic plant resistance, while also serving as attractants or repellents for insects and other stressors that pose threats to plants. Considering the economic value of strawberries as one of the most popular and consumed fruits worldwide, harnessing the benefits of MVOCs becomes particularly significant. MVOCs offer cost-effective and efficient solutions for disease control and pest management in horticultural production, as they can be utilized at low concentrations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on microorganisms that contribute to the production of beneficial volatile organic compounds for enhancing disease resistance in fruit products, with a specific emphasis on broad horticultural production. The review also identifies research gaps and highlights the functions of MVOCs in horticulture, along with the different types of MVOCs that impact plant disease resistance in strawberry production. By offering a novel perspective on the application and utilization of volatile organic compounds in sustainable horticulture, this review presents an innovative approach to maximizing the efficiency of horticultural production through the use of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonlada Srikamwang
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuttacha Eva onsa
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Sunanta
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Sangta
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Christopher P. Chanway
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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15
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Chouati T, Maski S, Melloul M, Ajdig M, Ouchari L, Rached B, El Fahime E. Draft genome sequence of a mosquito repellent Bacillus licheniformis strain Ba1 isolated from desert soil. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0091623. [PMID: 37966237 PMCID: PMC10720417 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00916-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds have been shown to affect a wide insect behavior. In this paper, we report the draft genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis strain Ba1 previously isolated from desert soil in Morocco. The assembled and annotated draft genome contains 4,726 coding genes, 6 rRNAs and 97 tRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Chouati
- Genopath Research center, ERNN, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Supporting Unit for Scientific and Technical Research, National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soufiane Maski
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Marouane Melloul
- Supporting Unit for Scientific and Technical Research, National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Biodiversity and Environment Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ajdig
- Supporting Unit for Scientific and Technical Research, National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Biodiversity and Environment Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Ouchari
- Supporting Unit for Scientific and Technical Research, National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Biodiversity and Environment Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bahia Rached
- Supporting Unit for Scientific and Technical Research, National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of physical chemistry and biotechnologies of biomolecules and materials, University Hassan II Casablanca, FSTM, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Elmostafa El Fahime
- Genopath Research center, ERNN, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Supporting Unit for Scientific and Technical Research, National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
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Guo H, Shi X, Han J, Ren Q, Gao Z, Zhang A, Wang H, Du Y. VOCs from fungi-infected apples attract and increase the oviposition of yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5208-5219. [PMID: 37591815 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) modified by plant-associated microbes can attract or repel the oviposition of herbivores. Here, we explored the effects of three different fungi on apples' VOCs and the cascading impacts on the oviposition preference of yellow peach moth [YPM, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée)]. RESULTS Among Penicillium crustosum-infected apples (PCA), Rhizopus oryzae-infected apples (ROA), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides-infected apples (CGA) and healthy apples (HA), mated YPM females preferred to oviposit eggs on ROA and CGA, and showed significant attractiveness to VOCs from PCA, ROA, and CGA under laboratory conditions. The VOCs analyses showed that there were significant differences between fungi-infected apples (ROA, CGA) and control treatments (mechanically damaged apples (MDA), HA) in terms of the relative contents of 13 VOCs. The relative contents of ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl caprylate, estragole, ethyl hexanoate in ROA and CGA were higher than those in MDA. The relative content of isopropyl 2-methylbutyrate in ROA was significantly higher than those in HA and CGA. The relative contents of 2-methylbutyl acetate, butyl 2-methylbutyrate, hexyl 2-methylbutyrate, amyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate, (E, E)-α-farnesene in ROA and CGA were lower than those in HA. The relative content of hexyl acetate in ROA and CGA was significantly higher than that in MDA, but lower than that in HA. Additionally, 10 fungi-induced VOCs were detected in ROA and/or CGA. When 20 VOCs from ROA and/or CGA were tested as individuals or mixed blends in Y-tube olfactometer assays, mated YPM females preferred amyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl 2-methylbutyrate, isopropyl 2-methylbutyrate, hexyl propionate (common VOCs in ROA, CGA, and HA), and heptacosane (a fungi-induced VOC in ROA), but no significant preferences were observed between individual compounds and mixed blends, except for hexyl propionate. CONCLUSION Different fungi infection increased the relative contents of common VOCs from healthy and fungi-infected apples, which ultimately resulted in the significant attractiveness for the oviposition of mated YPM females. This study clarified why fungi-infected apples were more attractive to YPMs than healthy apples and screened out the crucial VOCs for YPM oviposition. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Guo
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Shi
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Jie Han
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhui Ren
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangtai Gao
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Aihuan Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Yanli Du
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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17
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Banerjee P, Sarkar A, Mazumdar A. Effect of substrate salinity and pH on life history traits of the bluetongue virus vector Culicoides peregrinus. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:829-837. [PMID: 37997803 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Habitat selection of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is influenced by the physicochemical factors such as temperature, pH, salinity, moisture, conductivity, organic and inorganic compounds of substrates. These factors determine the life history traits of the vectors. We studied the influence of substrate salinity (0-40 parts per thousand, ppt) and pH (pH 1-13) on oviposition, egg hatching, larval survivability, and adult emergence of Culicoides peregrinus Kieffer under laboratory conditions. Most eggs (80.74%) were laid in 0 ppt and 95% in pH 7 but lowered with increased salinity and pH levels. It was observed that the females did not lay eggs in 30 ppt to 40 ppt salinity; pH 1 and pH 13 but interestingly up to 95% of the eggs were retained within the abdomen. Little effect of salinity and pH on egg hatching was observed up to 5 ppt and 10 ppt except at the extreme values of 40 ppt and pH 1, pH 13. Pupation did not occur in rearing plates with high salinities, 30 ppt and 40 ppt, although the few eggs hatched when exposed to such salinity. In low salinity (0 to 2 ppt), occurrence of adult emergence was more and then decreased with increasing salinity. Maximum emergence was seen when the rearing media was alkaline. This study deals with the suitability of breeding substrate of C. peregrinus when exposed to salinity and pH ranges. Our study suggests the ambient salinity and pH ranges to be maintained during laboratory rearing of this vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Entomology Research Unit, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Entomology Research Unit, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, Entomology Research Unit, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman 713104, West Bengal, India
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Moyano A, Croce AC, Scolari F. Pathogen-Mediated Alterations of Insect Chemical Communication: From Pheromones to Behavior. Pathogens 2023; 12:1350. [PMID: 38003813 PMCID: PMC10675518 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens can influence the physiology and behavior of both animal and plant hosts in a manner that promotes their own transmission and dispersal. Recent research focusing on insects has revealed that these manipulations can extend to the production of pheromones, which are pivotal in chemical communication. This review provides an overview of the current state of research and available data concerning the impacts of bacterial, viral, fungal, and eukaryotic pathogens on chemical communication across different insect orders. While our understanding of the influence of pathogenic bacteria on host chemical profiles is still limited, viral infections have been shown to induce behavioral changes in the host, such as altered pheromone production, olfaction, and locomotion. Entomopathogenic fungi affect host chemical communication by manipulating cuticular hydrocarbons and pheromone production, while various eukaryotic parasites have been observed to influence insect behavior by affecting the production of pheromones and other chemical cues. The effects induced by these infections are explored in the context of the evolutionary advantages they confer to the pathogen. The molecular mechanisms governing the observed pathogen-mediated behavioral changes, as well as the dynamic and mutually influential relationships between the pathogen and its host, are still poorly understood. A deeper comprehension of these mechanisms will prove invaluable in identifying novel targets in the perspective of practical applications aimed at controlling detrimental insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moyano
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.C.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Cleta Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.C.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.C.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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van der Merwe M, Jukes MD, Knox C, Moore SD, Hill MP. Naturally Occurring Yeasts Associated with Thaumatotibia leucotreta Can Enhance the Efficacy of the Cryptophlebia Leucotreta Granulovirus. Pathogens 2023; 12:1237. [PMID: 37887753 PMCID: PMC10610352 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts associated with lepidopteran pests have been shown to play a role in their survival, development, and oviposition preference. It has been demonstrated that combining these yeasts with existing biological control agents can enhance their efficacy. The tortricid Thaumatotibia leucotreta is a phytosanitary pest in the South African citrus industry, with the baculovirus Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV) being one of the components that can control this pest. Several yeast species were shown to be associated with T. leucotreta larvae, which affected their behaviour and development. A series of detached fruit bioassays were performed to determine whether the combination of yeast with CrleGV enhances its efficacy. These assays included determining the optimal yeast/virus ratio, testing all isolated yeast species in combination with CrleGV, and further improving yeast/virus formulation by adding an adjuvant. The optimal yeast concentration to use alongside CrleGV was determined to be 106 cells·mL-1. Pichia kluyveri, P. kudriavzevii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in combination with CrleGV reduced larval survival compared to CrleGV alone. The addition of molasses and BREAK-THRU® S 240 to P. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae in combination with CrleGV did not notably improve their effectiveness; however, there was an observed decrease in larval survival. In future studies, field trials will be conducted with combinations of CrleGV and P. kudriavzevii or S. cerevisiae to investigate whether these laboratory findings can be replicated in orchard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (M.D.J.); (C.K.)
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (S.D.M.); (M.P.H.)
| | - Michael D. Jukes
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (M.D.J.); (C.K.)
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (S.D.M.); (M.P.H.)
| | - Caroline Knox
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (M.D.J.); (C.K.)
| | - Sean D. Moore
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (S.D.M.); (M.P.H.)
- Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 5095, Walmer, Gqeberha 6065, South Africa
| | - Martin P. Hill
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (S.D.M.); (M.P.H.)
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20
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van Neerbos FAC, Dewitte P, Wäckers F, Wenseleers T, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Bacterial volatiles elicit differential olfactory responses in insect species from the same and different trophic levels. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1464-1480. [PMID: 36644938 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources. To locate their resources, insects use diverse stimuli, including olfactory, visual, acoustic, tactile and gustatory cues. While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects, there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by microorganisms. However, to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs. In this study, we used Y-tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels. Experiments were performed using two aphid species (Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var. nicotianae Blackman), three primary parasitoid species (Aphidius colemani Viereck, A. ervi Haliday, and A. matricariae Viereck), and two hyperparasitoid species (Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani). Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains (Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133, Curtobacterium sp. ST18.16/085, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160) that were isolated from the habitat of the insects. Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles, but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels. All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds, but often in different relative concentrations. For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. Furthermore, olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical-based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Antoinette Cornelus van Neerbos
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Dewitte
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Sousa M, Birgersson G, Karlsson Green K, Pollet M, Becher PG. Odors Attracting the Long-Legged Predator Medetera signaticornis Loew to Ips typographus L. Infested Norway Spruce Trees. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:451-464. [PMID: 36717509 PMCID: PMC10611644 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Predatory long-legged flies of the genus Medetera are important, but currently understudied, natural enemies of Scolytinae bark beetles such as Ips typographus. Medetera flies lay eggs on beetle-infested trees, where the developing larvae find their prey, but the chemical cues used by Medetera to locate infested trees are currently unknown. To identify odors attracting Medetera signaticornis, a species in Europe, headspace samples were collected at several time-points through different stages of I. typographus attacks on logs of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The headspace samples were analyzed using combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) to determine compounds that stimulate M. signaticornis antennae. Antennae of M. signaticornis males and females were found to detect (-)-cis-verbenol, ( +)-trans-verbenol and myrtenol, which are known to be produced by bark beetles. Antennal responses were also observed for verbenene, isoterpinolene, α-pinene oxide, camphor, pinocamphone, terpinene-4-ol, myrtenal, borneol, α-terpineol, geranyl acetone, and verbenone, which are primarily produced by microorganisms, and α-pinene, α-fenchene, β-pinene, camphene, 3-carene, limonene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene, known spruce tree compounds. In field experiments testing two synthetic blends containing 18 antennal active and two additional compounds 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and ipsdienol we observed significant attraction of M. signaticornis within 24 h. These attractive blends can form the basis for development of Medetera monitoring lures for use in future forest and pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sousa
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE 234 22, Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Kristina Karlsson Green
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Marc Pollet
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Havenlaan 88, bus 73, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul G Becher
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
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22
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El Jaddaoui I, Rangel DEN, Bennett JW. Fungal volatiles have physiological properties. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1231-1240. [PMID: 37495313 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
All fungi emit mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during growth. The qualitative and quantitative composition of these volatile mixtures vary with the species of fungus, the age of the fungus, and the environmental parameters attending growth. In nature, fungal VOCs are found as combinations of alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ethers, esters, ketones, terpenes, thiols and their derivatives, and are responsible for the characteristic odors associated with molds, mushrooms and yeasts. One of the single most common fungal volatiles is 1-octen-3-ol also known as "mushroom alcohol" or "matsutake alcohol." Many volatiles, including 1-octen-3-ol, serve as communication agents and display biological activity as germination inhibitors, plant growth retardants or promoters, and as semiochemicals ("infochemicals") in interactions with arthropods. Volatiles are understudied and underappreciated elements of the chemical lives of fungi. This review gives a brief introduction to fungal volatiles in hopes of raising awareness of the physiological importance of these gas phase fungal metabolites to encourage mycologists and other biologists to stop "throwing away the head space."
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam El Jaddaoui
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Drauzio E N Rangel
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joan Wennstrom Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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23
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Tallon AK, Manning LA, Mas F. Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Virgin Female Bactrocera tryoni to Microbial Volatiles from Enterobacteriaceae. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1643. [PMID: 37512816 PMCID: PMC10385192 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is a major polyphagous pest widespread in Australia and several Pacific Islands. Bacteria present on the host plant phyllosphere supply proteins, essential for egg development and female sexual maturity. We investigated the role of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) emitted by Enterobacteriaceae commonly found on the host plant and in the fly gut in attracting virgin females. Bacteria were cultured on artificial media and natural fruits, at various pH, and MVOCs were collected using different headspace volatile absorbent materials. The olfactory responses of virgin females to bacterial MVOCs were assessed via electrophysiology and behavioral assays. The production of MVOCs was strongly influenced qualitatively by the bacterial strain and the type of media, and it semi-quantitatively varied with pH and time. MVOCs emitted by Klebsiella oxytoca invoked the strongest antennal response and were the most attractive. Among the identified compounds triggering an olfactory response, D-limonene and 2-nonanone were both significantly behaviorally attractive, whereas phenol, nonanal, isoamyl alcohol, and some pyrazines appeared to be repulsive. This study deepens our understanding of the chemical ecology between fruit flies and their bacterial symbionts and paves the way for novel synthetic lures based on specifically MVOCs targeting virgin females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs K Tallon
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Mississippi State, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Lee-Anne Manning
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, 74 Gerald St, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Flore Mas
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, 74 Gerald St, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
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24
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Thomas G, Rusman Q, Morrison WR, Magalhães DM, Dowell JA, Ngumbi E, Osei-Owusu J, Kansman J, Gaffke A, Pagadala Damodaram KJ, Kim SJ, Tabanca N. Deciphering Plant-Insect-Microorganism Signals for Sustainable Crop Production. Biomolecules 2023; 13:997. [PMID: 37371577 PMCID: PMC10295935 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural crop productivity relies on the application of chemical pesticides to reduce pest and pathogen damage. However, chemical pesticides also pose a range of ecological, environmental and economic penalties. This includes the development of pesticide resistance by insect pests and pathogens, rendering pesticides less effective. Alternative sustainable crop protection tools should therefore be considered. Semiochemicals are signalling molecules produced by organisms, including plants, microbes, and animals, which cause behavioural or developmental changes in receiving organisms. Manipulating semiochemicals could provide a more sustainable approach to the management of insect pests and pathogens across crops. Here, we review the role of semiochemicals in the interaction between plants, insects and microbes, including examples of how they have been applied to agricultural systems. We highlight future research priorities to be considered for semiochemicals to be credible alternatives to the application of chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Thomas
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Quint Rusman
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - William R. Morrison
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
| | - Diego M. Magalhães
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jordan A. Dowell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Esther Ngumbi
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Jonathan Osei-Owusu
- Department of Biological, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya EY0329-2478, Ghana;
| | - Jessica Kansman
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Alexander Gaffke
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 6383 Mahan Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA;
| | | | - Seong Jong Kim
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA
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25
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Zhang X, Wang X, Zhao S, Fang K, Wang Z, Liu J, Xi J, Wang S, Zhang J. Response of Odorant Receptors with Phenylacetaldehyde and the Effects on the Behavior of the Rice Water Weevil ( Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6541-6551. [PMID: 37058441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a destructive rice pest that threatens the rice industry worldwide. Odorant receptors (ORs) and odorant receptor coreceptors (Orcos) play an important role in the process of insects' whole life activities; however, there are no related functional studies on RWW. On this basis, a heterologous study of LoryOR20/LoryOrco in Xenopus laevis oocytes was performed to detect the effects of certain natural compounds on RWWs and four active compounds were found. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings and a behavior test showed that RWWs exhibited a significant response to phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) and an EAG measurement of dsRNA-LoryOR20-treated RWWs revealed a significant decrease in response to PAA. Our results revealed an olfactory molecular mechanism for the recognition of PAA by RWWs, thus providing a potential genetic target at the peripheral olfactory sensing level, contributing to the development of novel control strategies for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Shiwen Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Kui Fang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
- Technical Center of Kunming Customs, Kunming 650228, PR China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jianan Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Juhong Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
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26
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Kreuzenbeck NB, Dhiman S, Roman D, Burkhardt I, Conlon BH, Fricke J, Guo H, Blume J, Görls H, Poulsen M, Dickschat JS, Köllner TG, Arndt HD, Beemelmanns C. Isolation, (bio)synthetic studies and evaluation of antimicrobial properties of drimenol-type sesquiterpenes of Termitomyces fungi. Commun Chem 2023; 6:79. [PMID: 37095327 PMCID: PMC10126200 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrotermitinae termites have farmed fungi in the genus Termitomyces as a food source for millions of years. However, the biochemical mechanisms orchestrating this mutualistic relationship are largely unknown. To deduce fungal signals and ecological patterns that relate to the stability of this symbiosis, we explored the volatile organic compound (VOC) repertoire of Termitomyces from Macrotermes natalensis colonies. Results show that mushrooms emit a VOC pattern that differs from mycelium grown in fungal gardens and laboratory cultures. The abundance of sesquiterpenoids from mushrooms allowed targeted isolation of five drimane sesquiterpenes from plate cultivations. The total synthesis of one of these, drimenol, and related drimanes assisted in structural and comparative analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and antimicrobial activity testing. Enzyme candidates putatively involved in terpene biosynthesis were heterologously expressed and while these were not involved in the biosynthesis of the complete drimane skeleton, they catalyzed the formation of two structurally related monocyclic sesquiterpenes named nectrianolins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina B Kreuzenbeck
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Seema Dhiman
- Institute for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Dávid Roman
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Immo Burkhardt
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin H Conlon
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janis Fricke
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Janis Blume
- Institute for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E8, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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27
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Ponce MA, Sierra P, Maille JM, Kim TN, Scully ED, Morrison WR. Attraction, mobility, and preference by Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) to microbially-mediated volatile emissions by two species of fungi in stored grain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6176. [PMID: 37061590 PMCID: PMC10105710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and microbes are known to interact in a variety of ways at food facilities, compounding damage. However, little research has explicated how specific common fungal species affect the behavior of the cosmopolitan secondary stored product pest, Lasioderma serricorne. Enhanced knowledge about attraction to microbially-produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) may be used to manipulate insect behavior. Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides are two common, widespread pre- and postharvest fungi on small cereals that produce aflatoxins and fumonisins, respectively, while directly competing with each other for nutrients. Our goals were to (1) characterize the volatile emissions from grain inoculated by A. flavus or F. verticillioides derived from the cuticle of L. serricorne compared to uninoculated and sanitized grain, and (2) understand how MVOCs from each fungal species affects mobility, attraction, and preference by L. serricorne. Headspace collection revealed that the F. verticillioides- and A. flavus-inoculated grain produced significantly different volatiles compared to sanitized grain or the positive control. Changes in MVOC emissions affected close-range foraging during an Ethovision movement assay, with a greater frequency of entering and spending time in a small zone with kernels inoculated with A. flavus compared to other treatments. In the release-recapture assay, MVOCs were found to be attractive to L. serricorne at longer distances in commercial pitfall traps. There was no preference shown among semiochemical stimuli in a still-air, four-way olfactometer. Overall, our study suggests that MVOCs are important for close- and long-range orientation of L. serricorne during foraging, and that MVOCs may have the potential for inclusion in behaviorally-based tactics for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ponce
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, 1603 Old Claflin Place, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Petra Sierra
- Biology Department, Kalamazoo College, 1200 Academy St., Kalamazoo, MI, 49006, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Maille
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, 1603 Old Claflin Place, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Tania N Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, 1603 Old Claflin Place, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Erin D Scully
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - William R Morrison
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
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28
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Frago E, Zytynska S. Impact of herbivore symbionts on parasitoid foraging behaviour. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 57:101027. [PMID: 36990151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Parasitoids are insects that lay eggs in other insects, but before this, they have the remarkable task of locating and successfully attacking a suitable individual. Once an egg is laid, many herbivorous hosts carry defensive symbionts that prevent parasitoid development. Some symbioses can act ahead of these defences by reducing parasitoid foraging efficiency, while others may betray their hosts by producing chemical cues that attract parasitoids. In this review, we provide examples of symbionts altering the different steps that adult parasitoids need to take to achieve egg laying. We also discuss how interactions between habitat complexity, plants and herbivores modulate the way symbionts affect parasitoid foraging, and parasitoid evaluation of patch quality based on risk cues derived from parasitoid antagonists such as competing parasitoids and predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Sharon Zytynska
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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29
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Almaliki HS, Niu M, Keller NP, Yin G, Bennett JW. Mutational Analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus Volatile Oxylipins in a Drosophila Eclosion Assay. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:402. [PMID: 37108857 PMCID: PMC10143813 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen. We have previously reported that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by A. fumigatus cause delays in metamorphosis, morphological abnormalities, and death in a Drosophila melanogaster eclosion model. Here, we developed A. fumigatus deletion mutants with blocked oxylipin biosynthesis pathways (∆ppoABC) and then exposed the third instar larvae of D. melanogaster to a shared atmosphere with either A. fumigatus wild-type or oxylipin mutant cultures for 15 days. Fly larvae exposed to VOCs from wild-type A. fumigatus strains exhibited delays in metamorphosis and toxicity, while larvae exposed to VOCs from the ∆ppoABC mutant displayed fewer morphogenic delays and higher eclosion rates than the controls. In general, when fungi were pre-grown at 37 °C, the effects of the VOCs they produced were more pronounced than when they were pre-grown at 25 °C. GC-MS analysis revealed that the wild-type A. fumigatus Af293 produced more abundant VOCs at higher concentrations than the oxylipin-deficient strain Af293∆ppoABC did. The major VOCs detected from wild-type Af293 and its triple mutant included isopentyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, 2-methylbutanal, acetoin, and 1-octen-3-ol. Unexpectedly, compared to wild-type flies, the eclosion tests yielded far fewer differences in metamorphosis or viability when flies with immune-deficient genotypes were exposed to VOCs from either wild-type or ∆ppoABC oxylipin mutants. In particular, the toxigenic effects of Aspergillus VOCs were not observed in mutant flies deficient in the Toll (spz6) pathway. These data indicate that the innate immune system of Drosophila mediates the toxicity of fungal volatiles, especially via the Toll pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel S. Almaliki
- Technical Institute of Samawa, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Samawa 66001, Iraq
| | - Mengyao Niu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Guohua Yin
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang 261325, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Joan W. Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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30
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Rios-Navarro A, Gonzalez M, Carazzone C, Celis Ramírez AM. Why Do These Yeasts Smell So Good? Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Produced by Malassezia Species in the Exponential and Stationary Growth Phases. Molecules 2023; 28:2620. [PMID: 36985592 PMCID: PMC10056951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malassezia synthesizes and releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs), small molecules that allow them to carry out interaction processes. These lipid-dependent yeasts belong to the human skin mycobiota and are related to dermatological diseases. However, knowledge about VOC production and its function is lacking. This study aimed to determine the volatile profiles of Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, and Malassezia sympodialis in the exponential and stationary growth phases. The compounds were separated and characterized in each growth phase through headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We found a total of 54 compounds, 40 annotated. Most of the compounds identified belong to alcohols and polyols, fatty alcohols, alkanes, and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Unsupervised and supervised statistical multivariate analyses demonstrated that the volatile profiles of Malassezia differed between species and growth phases, with M. globosa being the species with the highest quantity of VOCs. Some Malassezia volatiles, such as butan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, and 2-methylpropan-1-ol, associated with biological interactions were also detected. All three species show at least one unique compound, suggesting a unique metabolism. The ecological functions of the compounds detected in each species and growth phase remain to be studied. They could interact with other microorganisms or be an important clue in understanding the pathogenic role of these yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rios-Navarro
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá 111711, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Mabel Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá 111711, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Chiara Carazzone
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá 111711, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá 111711, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Veršić Bratinčević M, Bego A, Nižetić Kosović I, Jukić Špika M, Burul F, Popović M, Ninčević Runjić T, Vitanović E. A Lifetime of a Dispenser-Release Rates of Olive Fruit Fly-Associated Yeast Volatile Compounds and Their Influence on Olive Fruit Fly ( Bactrocera oleae Rossi) Attraction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062431. [PMID: 36985404 PMCID: PMC10052186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the release rate, duration, and biological efficiency of yeast volatile compounds associated with olive fruit flies in slow-release dispensers, polypropylene vials, and rubber septa attached to yellow sticky traps under different environmental conditions in order to protect the environment, humans, and nontarget organisms. Isoamyl alcohol, 2-octanone, and 2-phenethyl acetate were placed in dispensers and tested over a four-week experiment. The weight loss of the volatile compounds in both dispensers was measured, and a rapid, inexpensive, and simple HS-GC/FID method was developed to determine the residual amount of volatiles in the septa. 2-Phenethyl acetate stood out in the rubber septa and showed a statistically significant difference in the release ratio compared to the other volatiles under all conditions tested. Our results showed that the attraction of olive fruit flies increased with decreasing concentrations of the tested volatiles. Regarding the number of flies attracted by rubber septa containing 2-phenethyl acetate, significantly better results were obtained than for septa containing isoamyl alcohol and 2-octanone, in contrast to the attraction of olive fruit flies to polypropylene vials containing these compounds but without significant difference. Since the presence of all tested chemicals was detected during the experiment, this opens the possibility of using more environmentally friendly and cost-effective dispensers with a significantly lower amount of semiochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Veršić Bratinčević
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Bego
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Jukić Špika
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filipa Burul
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marijana Popović
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tonka Ninčević Runjić
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Elda Vitanović
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Rani A, Rana A, Dhaka RK, Singh AP, Chahar M, Singh S, Nain L, Singh KP, Minz D. Bacterial volatile organic compounds as biopesticides, growth promoters and plant-defense elicitors: Current understanding and future scope. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108078. [PMID: 36513315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the environment. VOCs are species-specific and their emission depends on environmental conditions, such as growth medium, pH, temperature, incubation time and interaction with other microorganisms. These VOCs can enhance plant growth, suppress pathogens and act as signaling molecules during plant-microorganism interactions. Some bacterial VOCs have been reported to show strong antimicrobial, nematicidal, pesticidal, plant defense, induced tolerance and plant-growth-promoting activities under controlled conditions. Commonly produced antifungal VOCs include dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl disulfide, benzothiazole, nonane, decanone and 1-butanol. Species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Enterobacter and Burkholderia produce plant growth promoting VOCs, such as acetoin and 2,3-butenediol. These VOCs affect expression of genes involved in defense and development in plant species (i.e., Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, potato, millet and maize). VOCs are also implicated in altering pathogenesis-related genes, inducing systemic resistance, modulating plant metabolic pathways and acquiring nutrients. However, detailed mechanisms of action of VOCs need to be further explored. This review summarizes the bioactive VOCs produced by diverse bacterial species as an alternative to agrochemicals, their mechanism of action and challenges for employment of bacterial VOCs for sustainable agricultural practices. Future studies on technological improvements for bacterial VOCs application under greenhouse and open field conditions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Rani
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, India
| | - Anuj Rana
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, India; Centre for Bio-Nanotechnology, CCS HAU, Hisar, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Dhaka
- Centre for Bio-Nanotechnology, CCS HAU, Hisar, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science & Humanities, CCS HAU, Hisar, India
| | - Arvind Pratap Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Madhvi Chahar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India; Vice Chancellor's Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Dror Minz
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Fardell LL, Pavey CR, Dickman CR. Influences of roaming domestic cats on wildlife activity in patchy urban environments. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1123355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Roaming domestic cats (Felis catus) are recognised as a threat to wildlife globally. Yet management of pet cats in urbanised areas is not regularly mandated, and management of feral cats in urbanised areas is rarely implemented. Mounting evidence emphasises the value of urban environments as hot spots of wildlife activity, which as the human population continues to grow may become the best or only habitats available to some wildlife species. Wildlife in urban environments must navigate introduced stressors that can compound with natural stressors. Additional, often novel, predators such as free-roaming pet and feral cats that are prevalent in urban environments could have high nonconsumptive fear/stress impacts on urban wildlife that influence their activity and adversely affect their health and reproduction capabilities, possibly more so than direct predation effects do. Cat roaming activity, particularly that of pet cats, could be managed with the support of the community, though motivation needs to be ensured. Understanding if roaming cat activity influences urban wildlife activity via perceived fear/stress impacts will help to build community motivation for the need for domestic cat management in urbanised areas. Using infrared motion sensor cameras positioned in both yards and green space edge habitats, we observed whether the presence and times active of native and introduced small mammals, and native birds, were impacted by domestic cat activity within a 24-h period and by their activity in the prior-24-h period. We found evidence of cat roaming activity during the hours of most wildlife activity, and show that wildlife navigated “landscapes of fear” relative to cat activity, as wildlife observed across a 24-h period increased their activity in the absence of cats in the same 24-h period and in the previous 24-h period. We also tested if cat activity was relative to previous cat activity, or disturbances, and found that cats reduced activity in response to each, but were still consistently present. Our results provide justification for the need to increase management of domestic cats in urbanised areas and offer fear/stress impacts as a novel approach to engender community support of such management.
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Kandasamy D, Zaman R, Nakamura Y, Zhao T, Hartmann H, Andersson MN, Hammerbacher A, Gershenzon J. Conifer-killing bark beetles locate fungal symbionts by detecting volatile fungal metabolites of host tree resin monoterpenes. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001887. [PMID: 36802386 PMCID: PMC9943021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) have decimated millions of hectares of conifer forests in Europe in recent years. The ability of these 4.0 to 5.5 mm long insects to kill mature trees over a short period has been sometimes ascribed to two main factors: (1) mass attacks on the host tree to overcome tree defenses and (2) the presence of fungal symbionts that support successful beetle development in the tree. While the role of pheromones in coordinating mass attacks has been well studied, the role of chemical communication in maintaining the fungal symbiosis is poorly understood. Previous evidence indicates that I. typographus can distinguish fungal symbionts of the genera Grosmannia, Endoconidiophora, and Ophiostoma by their de novo synthesized volatile compounds. Here, we hypothesize that the fungal symbionts of this bark beetle species metabolize spruce resin monoterpenes of the beetle's host tree, Norway spruce (Picea abies), and that the volatile products are used as cues by beetles for locating breeding sites with beneficial symbionts. We show that Grosmannia penicillata and other fungal symbionts alter the profile of spruce bark volatiles by converting the major monoterpenes into an attractive blend of oxygenated derivatives. Bornyl acetate was metabolized to camphor, and α- and β-pinene to trans-4-thujanol and other oxygenated products. Electrophysiological measurements showed that I. typographus possesses dedicated olfactory sensory neurons for oxygenated metabolites. Both camphor and trans-4-thujanol attracted beetles at specific doses in walking olfactometer experiments, and the presence of symbiotic fungi enhanced attraction of females to pheromones. Another co-occurring nonbeneficial fungus (Trichoderma sp.) also produced oxygenated monoterpenes, but these were not attractive to I. typographus. Finally, we show that colonization of fungal symbionts on spruce bark diet stimulated beetles to make tunnels into the diet. Collectively, our study suggests that the blends of oxygenated metabolites of conifer monoterpenes produced by fungal symbionts are used by walking bark beetles as attractive or repellent cues to locate breeding or feeding sites containing beneficial microbial symbionts. The oxygenated metabolites may aid beetles in assessing the presence of the fungus, the defense status of the host tree and the density of conspecifics at potential feeding and breeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dineshkumar Kandasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany,Max Planck Center for next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology (nGICE), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,* E-mail: (DK); (JG)
| | - Rashaduz Zaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany,Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tao Zhao
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin N. Andersson
- Max Planck Center for next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology (nGICE), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany,* E-mail: (DK); (JG)
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Geedi R, Canas L, Reding ME, Ranger CM. Attraction of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Volatiles Emitted From the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:31-38. [PMID: 36421055 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin infects a wide variety of insects, including the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Volatiles emitted from B. bassiana can act as semiochemical attractants or repellents, with most responses reported to date resulting in insects avoiding B. bassiana. Since insects can detect 'enemy-specific volatile compounds', we hypothesized the preference behavior of M. persicae would be influenced by volatile emissions from B. bassiana. We conducted Petri dish and Y-tube olfactometer bioassays to characterize the preference of M. persicae to B. bassiana strain GHA. During Petri dish bioassays, more apterous and alate M. persicae were recorded in the vicinity of agar colonized by B. bassiana compared to agar, or Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg and Ambrosiella grosmanniae Mayers, McNew, & Harrington as representatives of nonentomopathogenic fungi. Petri dish bioassays also determined that apterous and alate M. persicae preferred filter paper saturated with 1 × 107, 1 × 106, and 1 × 105B. bassiana conidia/ml compared to Tween 80. Y-tube bioassays documented that more apterous and alate M. persicae oriented upwind to volatiles from B. bassiana mycelia compared to agar. Apterous and alate Myzus persicae were also preferentially attracted to 1 × 107 and 1 × 106B. bassiana conidia/ml compared to Tween-80 during Y-tube bioassays. These results complement a previous finding that the mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) Liston is attracted to volatiles from B. bassiana. Future studies aimed at characterizing the olfactory mechanism leading to the attraction of M. persicae to B. bassiana could aid in optimizing lure-and-kill strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Geedi
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Lab, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Luis Canas
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Michael E Reding
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Lab, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Christopher M Ranger
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Lab, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Cheng W, Xue H, Yang X, Huang D, Cai M, Huang F, Zheng L, Peng D, Thomashow LS, Weller DM, Yu Z, Zhang J. Multiple Receptors Contribute to the Attractive Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Pathogenic Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0231922. [PMID: 36511721 PMCID: PMC9927473 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02319-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematodes feed mainly on bacteria and sense volatile signals through their chemosensory system to distinguish food from pathogens. Although nematodes recognizing bacteria by volatile metabolites are ubiquitous, little is known of the associated molecular mechanism. Here, we show that the antinematode bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 exhibits an attractive effect on Caenorhabditis elegans via volatile metabolites, of which furfural acetone (FAc) acts as a broad-spectrum nematode attractant. We show that the attractive response toward FAc requires both the G-protein-coupled receptors STR-2 in AWC neurons and SRA-13 in AWA and AWC neurons. In the downstream olfactory signaling cascades, both the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel and the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel are necessary for FAc sensation. These results indicate that multiple receptors and subsequent signaling cascades contribute to the attractive response of C. elegans to FAc, and FAc is the first reported ligand of SRA-13. Our current work discovers that P. polymyxa KM2501-1 exhibits an attractive effect on nematodes by secreting volatile metabolites, especially FAc and 2-heptanone, broadening our understanding of the interactions between bacterial pathogens and nematodes. IMPORTANCE Nematodes feed on nontoxic bacteria as a food resource and avoid toxic bacteria; they distinguish them through their volatile metabolites. However, the mechanism of how nematodes recognize bacteria by volatile metabolites is not fully understood. Here, the antinematode bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 is found to exhibit an attractive effect on Caenorhabditis elegans via volatile metabolites, including FAc. We further reveal that the attractive response of C. elegans toward FAc requires multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and downstream olfactory signaling cascades in AWA and AWC neurons. This study highlights the important role of volatile metabolites in the interaction between nematodes and bacteria and confirms that multiple G-protein-coupled receptors on different olfactory neurons of C. elegans can jointly sense bacterial volatile signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Donghai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linda S. Thomashow
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - David M. Weller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zaman R, May C, Ullah A, Erbilgin N. Bark Beetles Utilize Ophiostomatoid Fungi to Circumvent Host Tree Defenses. Metabolites 2023; 13:239. [PMID: 36837858 PMCID: PMC9968207 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bark beetles maintain symbiotic associations with a diversity of microbial organisms, including ophiostomatoid fungi. Studies have frequently reported the role of ophiostomatoid fungi in bark beetle biology, but how fungal symbionts interact with host chemical defenses over time is needed. We first investigated how inoculations by three fungal symbionts of mountain pine beetle affect the terpene chemistry of live lodgepole pine trees. We then conducted a complimentary laboratory experiment specifically measuring the host metabolite degradation by fungi and collected the fungal organic volatiles following inoculations with the same fungal species on lodgepole pine logs. In both experiments, we analyzed the infected tissues for their terpene chemistry. Additionally, we conducted an olfactometer assay to determine whether adult beetles respond to the volatile organic chemicals emitted from each of the three fungal species. We found that all fungi upregulated terpenes as early as two weeks after inoculations. Similarly, oxygenated monoterpene concentrations also increased by several folds (only in logs). A large majority of beetles tested showed a strong attraction to two fungal species, whereas the other fungus repelled the beetles. Together this study shows that fungal symbionts can alter host defense chemistry, assist beetles in overcoming metabolite toxicity, and provide possible chemical cues for bark beetle attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashaduz Zaman
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
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Santamaria B, Verbeken A, Haelewaters D. Mycophagy: A Global Review of Interactions between Invertebrates and Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:163. [PMID: 36836278 PMCID: PMC9968043 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are diverse organisms that occupy important niches in natural settings and agricultural settings, acting as decomposers, mutualists, and parasites and pathogens. Interactions between fungi and other organisms, specifically invertebrates, are understudied. Their numbers are also severely underestimated. Invertebrates exist in many of the same spaces as fungi and are known to engage in fungal feeding or mycophagy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, global view of mycophagy in invertebrates to bring attention to areas that need more research, by prospecting the existing literature. Separate searches on the Web of Science were performed using the terms "mycophagy" and "fungivore". Invertebrate species and corresponding fungal species were extracted from the articles retrieved, whether the research was field- or laboratory-based, and the location of the observation if field-based. Articles were excluded if they did not list at least a genus identification for both the fungi and invertebrates. The search yielded 209 papers covering seven fungal phyla and 19 invertebrate orders. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the most represented fungal phyla whereas Coleoptera and Diptera make up most of the invertebrate observations. Most field-based observations originated from North America and Europe. Research on invertebrate mycophagy is lacking in some important fungal phyla, invertebrate orders, and geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Santamaria
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verbeken
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones Micológicas (CIMi), Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David 0427, Panama
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Batallas RE, Evenden ML. Fermented or Floral? Developing a Generalized Food Bait Lure to Monitor Cutworm and Armyworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Field Crops. INSECTS 2023; 14:106. [PMID: 36835675 PMCID: PMC9959891 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutworms and armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are a pest complex in North America that cause sporadic damage in field crops on the Canadian Prairies; however, no methods have been developed to reliably monitor population densities. Food-based semiochemicals attract both sexes of adult moths and could be used to monitor multiple species with a single lure in a single trap. Here, we focus on enhancing the attractiveness of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol (AAMB) lures to redbacked cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster) (RBC) and other noctuid pests. Experiments conducted in canola and wheat fields tested AAMB lures at different release rates, from different devices and in combination with other semiochemicals. High-release lures captured more females in canola, while low-release lures captured more males in wheat. Thus, crop volatiles may influence response to lures. Semiochemicals embedded in an inert matrix caught more RBC moths than semiochemicals released from Nalgene or polyethylene dispensers did. More RBC females were attracted to AAMB lures with 2-methyl-1-propanol than phenylacetaldehyde. Fermented volatiles appear to be a more reliable attractant than floral volatiles for these species. RBC moth antennae produced significant responses to all doses of phenylacetaldehyde tested in electroantennogram assays, but only to higher doses of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol. Physiological state of the RBC moths also influenced responsiveness to the tested semiochemical. Feeding status did not influence the antennal response to acetic acid and phenylacetaldehyde in either sex, but it increased the response to 3-methyl-1-butanol in females when fed. AAMB lures should be further developed to monitor RBC moths and other noctuid pests in field crops.
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Raclavská H, Růžičková J, Raclavský K, Juchelková D, Kucbel M, Švédová B, Slamová K, Kacprzak M. Effect of biochar addition on the improvement of the quality parameters of compost used for land reclamation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8563-8581. [PMID: 34716551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 5% addition of biochar in composting in rows contributes significantly to reducing volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. When composting with the addition of biochar, the average temperature increased by 13 ± 6.7 °C during the whole period, and the thermophilic phase was extended by 11 days. The higher temperature supported a reduction in the time necessary for achieving the biological stability observed by the oxygen uptake rate by more than 10 days. For organic compounds formed by the degradation of easily degradable primary components (proteins), the addition of biochar significantly reduces the release of organic compounds with heterocyclically bound nitrogen (Norg-VOCs) and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). The end of the biodegradation process is indicated by a decrease in VOC concentrations below initial values in the input material. This state was achieved in the compost with added biochar after 47 days, while in compost without added biochar, it lasted 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Raclavská
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Růžičková
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantin Raclavský
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kucbel
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Švédová
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Slamová
- Institute of Foreign Languages, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Małgorzata Kacprzak
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, J.H. Dąbrowskiego 69, 42-201, Czestochowa, Poland
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Gugliuzzo A, Kreuzwieser J, Ranger CM, Tropea Garzia G, Biondi A, Biedermann PHW. Volatiles of fungal cultivars act as cues for host-selection in the fungus-farming ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151078. [PMID: 37125205 PMCID: PMC10140376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many wood-boring insects use aggregation pheromones during mass colonization of host trees. Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are a model system, but much less is known about the role of semiochemicals during host selection by ambrosia beetles. As an ecological clade within the bark beetles, ambrosia beetles are obligately dependent on fungal mutualists for their sole source of nutrition. Mass colonization of trees growing in horticultural settings by exotic ambrosia beetles can occur, but aggregation cues have remained enigmatic. To elucidate this mechanism, we first characterized the fungal associates of the exotic, mass-aggregating ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus in Southern Germany. Still-air olfactometer bioassays documented the attraction of X. germanus to its primary nutritional mutualist Ambrosiella grosmanniae and to a lesser extent another common fungal isolate (Acremonium sp.). During two-choice bioassays, X. germanus was preferentially attracted to branch sections (i.e., bolts) that were either pre-colonized by conspecifics or pre-inoculated with A. grosmanniae. Subsequent analyses identified microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) that could potentially function as aggregation pheromones for X. germanus. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for fungal volatiles as attractive cues during host selection by X. germanus. Adaptive benefits of responding to fungal cues associated with an infestation of conspecifics could be a function of locating a suitable substrate for cultivating fungal symbionts and/or increasing the likelihood of mating opportunities with the flightless males. However, this requires solutions for evolutionary conflict arising due to potential mixing of vertically transmitted and horizontally acquired symbiont strains, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gugliuzzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Gugliuzzo,
| | | | - Christopher M. Ranger
- Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Wooster, OH, United States
| | | | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Peter H. W. Biedermann
- Chair for Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Stegen, Germany
- Peter H. W. Biedermann,
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42
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Davis TS, Stewart JE, Clark C, Van Buiten C. Nutritional Profile and Ecological Interactions of Yeast Symbionts Associated with North American Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02158-7. [PMID: 36542127 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To better understand functional ecology of bark beetle-microbial symbioses, we characterized yeast associates of North American spruce beetle (Dendroctous rufipennis Kirby) across populations. Seven yeast species were detected; Wickerhamomyces canadensis (Wickerham) Kurtzman et al. (Sachharomycetales: Saccharomycetaceae) was the most common (74% of isolates) and found in all populations. Isolates of W. canadensis were subsequently tested for competitive interactions with symbiotic (Leptographium abietinum, = Grosmannia abietina) and pathogenic (Beauvaria bassiana) filamentous fungi, and isolates were nutritionally profiled (protein and P content). Exposure to yeast headspace emissions had isolate-dependent effects on colony growth of symbiotic and pathogenic fungi; most isolates of W. canadensis slightly inhibited growth rates of symbiotic (L. abietinum, mean effect: - 4%) and entomopathogenic (B. bassiana, mean effect: - 6%) fungi. However, overall variation was high (range: - 35.4 to + 88.6%) and some yeasts enhanced growth of filamentous fungi whereas others were consistently inhibitory. The volatile 2-phenylethanol was produced by W. canadensis and synthetic 2-phenylethanol reduced growth rates of both L. abietinum and B. bassiana by 36% on average. Mean protein and P content of Wickerhamomyces canadensis cultures were 0.8% and 7.2%, respectively, but isolates varied in nutritional content and protein content was similar to that of host tree phloem. We conclude that W. canadensis is a primary yeast symbiont of D. rufipennis in the Rocky Mountains and emits volatiles that can affect growth of associated microbes. Wickerhamomyces canadensis isolates vary substantially in limiting nutrients (protein and P), but concentrations are less than reported for the symbiotic filamentous fungus L. abietinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Davis
- Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
| | - Jane E Stewart
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
- Agricultural Biology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Caitlin Clark
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Charlene Van Buiten
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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43
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Roik A, Reverter M, Pogoreutz C. A roadmap to understanding diversity and function of coral reef-associated fungi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:fuac028. [PMID: 35746877 PMCID: PMC9629503 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical coral reefs are hotspots of marine productivity, owing to the association of reef-building corals with endosymbiotic algae and metabolically diverse bacterial communities. However, the functional importance of fungi, well-known for their contribution to shaping terrestrial ecosystems and global nutrient cycles, remains underexplored on coral reefs. We here conceptualize how fungal functional traits may have facilitated the spread, diversification, and ecological adaptation of marine fungi on coral reefs. We propose that functions of reef-associated fungi may be diverse and go beyond their hitherto described roles of pathogens and bioeroders, including but not limited to reef-scale biogeochemical cycles and the structuring of coral-associated and environmental microbiomes via chemical mediation. Recent technological and conceptual advances will allow the elucidation of the physiological, ecological, and chemical contributions of understudied marine fungi to coral holobiont and reef ecosystem functioning and health and may help provide an outlook for reef management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roik
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, 26046, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Miriam Reverter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, 26046, Germany
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Pogoreutz
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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44
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Ponce MA, Lizarraga S, Bruce A, Kim TN, Morrison WR. Grain Inoculated with Different Growth Stages of the Fungus, Aspergillus flavus, Affect the Close-Range Foraging Behavior by a Primary Stored Product Pest, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:927-939. [PMID: 35964294 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although some research has investigated the interactions among stored product insects and microbes, little research has examined how specific fungal life stages affect volatile emissions in grain and linked it to the behavior of Sitophilus oryzae, the cosmopolitan rice weevil. Thus, our goals were to 1) isolate, culture, and identify two fungal life stages of Aspergillus flavus, 2) characterize the volatile emissions from grain inoculated by each fungal morphotype, and 3) understand how microbially-produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) from each fungal morphotype affect foraging, attraction, and preference by S. oryzae. We hypothesized that the headspace blends would be unique among our treatments and that this will lead to preferential mobility by S. oryzae among treatments. Using headspace collection coupled with GC-MS, we found the sexual life stage of A. flavus had the most unique emissions of MVOCs compared to the other semiochemical treatments. This translated to a higher interaction with kernels containing grain with the A. flavus sexual life stage, as well as a higher cumulative time spent in those zones by S. oryzae in a video-tracking assay in comparison to the asexual life stage. While fungal cues were important for foraging at close-range, the release-recapture assay indicated that grain volatiles were more important for attraction at longer distances. There was no significant preference between grain and MVOCs in a four-way olfactometer. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how fungal cues affect the close and longer range foraging ecology of a primarily stored product insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ponce
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Alexander Bruce
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - William R Morrison
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
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45
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Ramírez-Ordorica A, Contreras-Cornejo HA, Orduño-Cruz N, Luna-Cruz A, Winkler R, Macías-Rodríguez L. Volatiles released by Beauveria bassiana induce oviposition behavior in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6724240. [PMID: 36166365 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds may act as semiochemicals, inciting different behavioral responses in insects. Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus, and physiological and environmental factors are positively related to fungal virulence. In this study, we examined the volatile profiles produced by eight B. bassiana strains, isolated from soil plots and mycosed insect cadavers, with different speeds of kill and determined if these compounds induce oviposition behavior in Spodoptera frugiperda. Fungal volatilome analysis revealed differences between the isolates. Isolates from mycosed insects showed higher virulence, larger egg mass area and length, and a higher number of eggs by mass, than those obtained from soil. Furthermore, a dilution of the fungal odoriferous compounds increased the insect response, suggesting that S. frugiperda is highly susceptible to the fungal compound's fingerprint. Otherwise, the insect response to the natural blend of volatiles released by the fungus was different from that obtained with 3-methylbutanol, which was the most abundant compound in all isolates. The ability of an entomopathogen to produce volatiles that can induce olfactory stimulation of egg-laying behavior could represent an ecological adaptive advantage in which the entomopathogen stimulates the insect population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ramírez-Ordorica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
| | - Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
| | - Nuvia Orduño-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, 31350, México
| | - Alfonso Luna-Cruz
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
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46
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Mansour A, Mannaa M, Hewedy O, Ali MG, Jung H, Seo YS. Versatile Roles of Microbes and Small RNAs in Rice and Planthopper Interactions. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:432-448. [PMID: 36221916 PMCID: PMC9561162 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.07.2022.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Planthopper infestation in rice causes direct and indirect damage through feeding and viral transmission. Host microbes and small RNAs (sRNAs) play essential roles in regulating biological processes, such as metabolism, development, immunity, and stress responses in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and insects. Recently, advanced metagenomic approaches have facilitated investigations on microbial diversity and its function in insects and plants, highlighting the significance of microbiota in sustaining host life and regulating their interactions with the environment. Recent research has also suggested significant roles for sRNA-regulated genes during rice-planthopper interactions. The response and behavior of the rice plant to planthopper feeding are determined by changes in the host transcriptome, which might be regulated by sRNAs. In addition, the roles of microbial symbionts and sRNAs in the host response to viral infection are complex and involve defense-related changes in the host transcriptomic profile. This review reviews the structure and potential functions of microbes and sRNAs in rice and the associated planthopper species. In addition, the involvement of the microbiota and sRNAs in the rice-planthopper-virus interactions during planthopper infestation and viral infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Mansour
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613,
Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cairo University, Giza 12613,
Egypt
| | - Omar Hewedy
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1,
Canada
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514,
Egypt
| | - Mostafa G. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518,
Egypt
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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47
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Jirošová A, Modlinger R, Hradecký J, Ramakrishnan R, Beránková K, Kandasamy D. Ophiostomatoid fungi synergize attraction of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus to its aggregation pheromone in field traps. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:980251. [PMID: 36204608 PMCID: PMC9530181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.980251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus is a destructive pest of the Norway spruce (Picea abies). Recent outbreaks in Europe have been attributed to global warming and other anthropogenic impacts. Bark beetles are guided by multiple complex olfactory cues throughout their life cycle. Male-produced aggregation pheromones, comprising 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and cis-verbenol, have been identified as the most powerful attractants for dispersing conspecifics. In addition to host trees, bark beetles interact with multiple organisms, including symbiotic ophiostomatoid fungi, which may promote beetle colonization success and offspring development. Previously, in a short-distance laboratory assay, we demonstrated that I. typographus adults are attracted to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by three symbiotic fungi: Grosmannia penicillata, Endoconidiophora polonica, and Leptographium europhioides. Furthermore, the abundant fusel alcohols and their acetates were found to be the most attractive odorants in the fungal VOC profile. In this study, using a long-distance field-trapping experiment, we analyzed the role of fungal VOCs as attractants for dispersing I. typographus. Two types of fungal lures were tested in combination with pheromones in traps: (1) live cultures of fungi grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and (2) dispensers containing synthetic fusel alcohols and their acetates in equal proportions. Subsequently, the composition of VOCs emitted from live fungal lures were analyzed. We found that the symbiotic fungi synergistically increased the attraction of beetles to pheromones in field traps and the attractiveness of live fungal lures depended on the fungal load. While one Petri dish with E. polonica, when combined with pheromones synergistically increased trapping efficiency, three Petri dishes with L. europhioides were required to achieve the same. The synthetic mix of fungal fusel alcohols and acetates improved the catch efficiency of pheromones only at a low tested dose. VOC analysis of fungal cultures revealed that all the three fungi produced fusel alcohols and acetates but in variable composition and amounts. Collectively, the results of this study show that, in addition to pheromones, bark beetles might also use volatile cues from their symbiotic fungi to improve tree colonization and reproductive success in their breeding and feeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jirošová
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Roman Modlinger
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rajarajan Ramakrishnan
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Beránková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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48
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Biasazin TD, Herrera SL, Kimbokota F, Dekker T. Diverging olfactory sensitivities to yeast volatiles reflect resource partitioning of tephritids and drosophilids. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.999762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As pests of fruits and vegetables, ovipositing tephritid fruit flies are infamous for their frugivory. Yet, adult tephritids have remained saprophytic in their feeding behavior, as they require decomposing, protein rich media for sexual maturation and oogenesis. Drosophilid fruit flies, in contrast, are saprophytic both during oviposition and feeding. Here we compared the sensory and behavioral responses of two tephritid (Bactrocera dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata) and two drosophilid species (Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii) to differentially aged cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We assessed convergence and divergence in the detection of and behavioral response to these attractive substrates, and how these might be linked to the roles of the substrates for the different taxa. The headspace shifted substantially as broth cultures transitioned from active (1-day) to inactive (8- and 15-days). Interestingly, Drosophila flies were significantly attracted to actively fermenting 1-day old yeast cultures, whereas the preference shifted to older cultures for the tephritids. Bactrocera dorsalis flies preferred inactive, lysing cultures (8- and 15-days old). We identified compounds from the 1- to 8-days old broth cultures that elicited antennal responses in each species. Synthetic blends composed of antennally active compounds evoked similar behavioral responses as broth cultures. Similarly, the attractiveness of less attractive broth cultures (1- and 8-days old for drosophilids and tephritids, respectively) could be augmented by adding volatiles of the more attractive cultures. The results show that the volatile profiles of fermenting substrates evolve quantitatively and qualitatively, and that fly species key into volatile blends that indicate suitability of the substrates for their purposes. For drosophilids early arrival at fermenting substrates confers a competitive advantage to offspring. In contrast, for tephritid the concentration and availability of protein is facilitated by older, lysed yeast cultures. The data from this comparative study are also instrumental in the development of novel lures for these pests.
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49
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Castro-Vargas C, Pandey G, Yeap HL, Lacey MJ, Lee SF, Park SJ, Taylor PW, Oakeshott JG. Diversity and sex differences in rectal gland volatiles of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273210. [PMID: 36001616 PMCID: PMC9401129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rectal gland volatiles are key mediators of sexual interactions in tephritid fruit flies. We used solid-phase microextraction (SPME) plus gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to substantially expand rectal gland chemical characterisation of the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae); Qfly). The SPME GC-MS analysis identified 24 of the 30 compounds previously recorded from Qfly rectal glands, plus another 21 compounds that had not previously been reported. A few amides and fatty acid esters dominated the chromatograms of males and females respectively, but we also found other esters, alcohols and aldehydes and a ketone. The GC-FID analyses also revealed over 150 others, as yet unidentified, volatiles, generally in lesser amounts. The GC-FID analyses also showed 49 and 12 compounds were male- and female-specific, respectively, both in single sex (virgin) and mixed sex (mostly mated) groups. Another ten compounds were male-specific among virgins but undetected in mixed sex groups, and 29 were undetected in virgins but male-specific in mixed sex groups. The corresponding figures for females were four and zero, respectively. Most short retention time peaks (including a ketone and an ester) were male-specific, whereas most female-biased peaks (including five fatty acid esters) had long retention times. Our results indicate previously unsuspected diversity of rectal gland volatiles that might have pheromone functions in males, but far fewer in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Castro-Vargas
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Heng Lin Yeap
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J. Lacey
- National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
| | - Siu Fai Lee
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Soo J. Park
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip W. Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - John G. Oakeshott
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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50
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Guo Q, Yao Z, Cai Z, Bai S, Zhang H. Gut fungal community and its probiotic effect on Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1145-1158. [PMID: 34918476 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a destructive horticultural pest which causes considerable economic losses every year. A collection of microorganisms live within the B. dorsalis gut, and they are involved in its development, physiology, and behavior. However, knowledge regarding the composition and function of the gut mycobiota in B. dorsalis are still limited. Here, we comprehensively characterized the gut mycobiota in B. dorsalis across different developmental stages. High-throughput sequencing results showed a significant difference in fungal species abundance and diversity among different developmental stages of B. dorsalis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and culture-dependent methods showed that yeast species was the dominant group in the larval stage. We isolated 13 strains of yeast from the larval gut, and found that GF (germ-free) larvae mono-associated with strain Hanseniaspora uvarum developed faster than those mono-associated with other tested fungal strains. Supplementing the larval diet with H. uvarum fully rescued B. dorsalis development, shortened the larval developmental time, and increased adult wing lengths, as well as the body sizes and weights of both pupae and adults. Thus, our study highlights the close interactions between gut fungi, especially H. uvarum, and B. dorsalis. These findings can be applied to the sterile insect technique program to promote host development during mass insect rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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