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Cross FL, Bares CB, Lucio J, Chartier KG. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Tobacco Use among Latinx Parents in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2294-2303. [PMID: 37490208 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to understand the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cultural factors on Latinx parents' tobacco use. Tobacco use is the leading cause of death among Latinx individuals in the USA, and parental use has long-term secondary harm for children. Thus, it is important to examine cultural protective factors that could prevent Latinx parents and children from the negative health effects of tobacco use. Data came from 2813 18- to 50-year-old Latinx respondents who participated in the Wave 3 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. They reported having children living in their household and had complete data for the variables of interest. In this sample (mean age = 33.5 years, 53.7% female), 16.4% (95%CI = 14.7%, 18.4%) and 7.4% (95%CI = 6.4%, 8.6%) were current and former smokers, respectively. The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that experiencing more ACEs categories was associated with increased likelihood of current and former tobacco use compared to never use. Past year discrimination experiences and being US born (2nd and 3rd-generation parents) also increased the likelihood of current use. Differences in risk of current and former tobacco use were found based on respondents' country of origin, with protection against tobacco use found for most countries compared to being from Puerto Rico. Stronger ethnic-racial identity was not protective against tobacco use. Findings show the importance of considering ACEs and cultural factors when designing and implementing tobacco cessation programs for Latinx parents and increasing awareness of the impact of parents' tobacco use on their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina B Bares
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel Lucio
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen G Chartier
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Grigsby TJ, Larson M, Lopez A, Sharmin S, Guo Y, Forster M, Moonie S. Non-response to ACE items is associated with demographic variables and health indicators in the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102749. [PMID: 38741930 PMCID: PMC11089347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) encompass traumatic events occurring before age 18, with lasting impacts on health. While ACE disclosure is important for understanding these effects, some individuals decline to respond to ACE-related survey items due to sensitivity, privacy concerns, or psychological distress. This study explores the relationship between non-response to ACE items and health outcomes, shedding light on the implications for those who choose not to disclose. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)-a national telephone survey querying health behaviors and conditions. Sociodemographic factors, ACE exposure, and non-response to ACE items were analyzed. Results Individuals who decline to respond to ACE items exhibit similar patterns of health behaviors and conditions as those reporting ACE exposure. Non-response is linked to both healthier behaviors (lifetime HIV testing) and riskier behaviors (higher odds of smoking and e-cigarette use). Moreover, non-responders have higher odds of being underweight or obese, experiencing concentration difficulties, reporting poor self-rated health, and reporting multiple health diagnoses including depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. Conclusions The study underscores the need to address health disparities associated with ACE, regardless of disclosure status. Healthcare interventions should target respondents and non-respondents of ACE screeners, tailoring strategies to promote healthier coping mechanisms and mitigate maladaptive behaviors. These results emphasize the importance of trauma-informed care, early intervention, and targeted public health initiatives for individuals affected by ACE, irrespective of their disclosure choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Grigsby
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Madalyn Larson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada, Reno, United States
| | - Andrea Lopez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Sarah Sharmin
- Department of Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio, United States
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, United States
| | - Sheniz Moonie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States
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Osibogun O, Erinoso O, Li W, Kalan ME, Bursac Z, Osibogun A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Tobacco Use Patterns Among Adults in the United States: Exploring sex differences. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:54-61. [PMID: 37329281 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231178696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which refer to childhood traumatic events, have been identified as risk factors for tobacco use in adulthood. However, studies are limited on the effect of sex on the association of ACEs with e-cigarettes and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. This study explored sex differences in the association of ACEs with e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among adults in the United States. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from adults aged ≥18 years in the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 62,768). ACEs, the independent variable, was a composite score assessed from 11 questions (with responses yes-1 or no/never-0) related to childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and household dysfunction and categorized as 0 (reference), 1, 2, 3, or ≥4. The dependent variable, tobacco use patterns, included nonuse (reference), e-cigarette only, cigarette only, and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to test the interaction between sex and ACEs while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Although we found no statistically significant interaction by sex, a greater number of ACEs were associated with higher odds of the different tobacco use patterns among females and males, with varying strengths of associations. Specifically, females who reported ≥4 ACEs compared with none had higher odds of e-cigarette (aOR [95% CI]: 3.58 [1.49-8.63]), cigarette (2.57 [1.72-3.83]) and dual use (3.25 [1.79-5.91]) relative to nonuse. Males with ≥4 ACEs had higher odds of cigarette (1.75 [1.15-2.65]) and dual use (7.64 [3.95-14.79]). CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the importance of developing appropriate, tailored trauma-informed intervention strategies for females and males. It is also important to consider ACEs in designing tobacco-specific preventive programs to curb initiation and promote cessation among U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Li
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Zoran Bursac
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Jane Ling MY, Abdul Halim AFN, Ahmad D, Ahmad N, Safian N, Mohammed Nawi A. Prevalence and Associated Factors of E-Cigarette Use among Adolescents in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3883. [PMID: 36900893 PMCID: PMC10001692 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of e-cigarettes in adolescents remains a major public health concern. Like other tobacco products, e-cigarettes pose health risks to adolescents. Understanding the magnitude of this problem and identification of its associated factors will serve as a guide for development of preventive interventions. This systematic review aims to identify and discuss current epidemiological data on the prevalence and associated factors of e-cigarette use among adolescents in Southeast Asia. The reporting of this systematic review is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. We carried out a literature search through three databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) and targeted original English-language articles published between 2012 and 2021. A total of 10 studies were included in this review. The prevalence of current e-cigarette uses ranges from 3.3% to 11.8%. Several associated factors of e-cigarette use were identified, including sociodemographic factors, traumatic childhood experience, peer and parental influence, knowledge and perception, substance use, and accessibility of e-cigarettes. These factors should be addressed though multifaceted interventions which simultaneously target multiple factors. Laws, policies, programs, and interventions must be strengthened and tailored to the needs of adolescents at risk of using e-cigarettes.
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Alcalá HE, Ng A, Tkach N, Navarra M. Adverse Childhood Experiences and utilization of dental care: A cross sectional study of children in the United States. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Romm KF, Wang Y, Duan Z, Bennett B, Fuss C, Ma Y, Blank MD, Bray BC, Ahluwalia JS, Berg CJ. Psychosocial predictors of longitudinal changes in tobacco and cannabis use among young adults. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107264. [PMID: 35134629 PMCID: PMC9021279 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, cigarette use has decreased, but alternative tobacco product and cannabis use has increased in young adults. Thus, research regarding intraindividual changes in tobacco product and cannabis use in this population, and related psychosocial predictors, is warranted. METHODS We analyzed data from 3,006 young adults (Mage = 24.56 [SD = 4.72], 54.8% female, 31.6% sexual minority, 60.2% racial/ethnic minority) in a 2-year, 5-wave longitudinal study (2018-2020). Latent growth modeling analyzed the outcomes of past 6-month use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, traditional cigars, little cigars/cigarillos, smokeless tobacco (SLT), hookah, and cannabis across Waves 1-5 among all participants; psychosocial predictors included depressive symptoms, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and personality traits. RESULTS Results indicated decreases in likelihood of using each tobacco product over time, but no significant change in likelihood of cannabis use. Psychosocial predictors of baseline use across products included depressive symptoms and extraversion, as well as ACEs and openness for nearly all products (e.g., except traditional cigars). Psychosocial predictors of less decreases in use likelihood over time included: for cigarettes and traditional cigars, ACEs; for e-cigarettes, extraversion; for little cigars/cigarillos, depressive symptoms and extraversion; for SLT, openness; and for hookah, neuroticism (controlling for sociodemographics). Predictors of greater decreases in likelihood of use over time included: for e-cigarettes and hookah, conscientiousness; and for cannabis, agreeableness. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to reduce young adults' use might target distinct risk/protective factors for using different products (and combinations). Moreover, results regarding decreasing likelihood of using tobacco products but not cannabis over time warrant replication and explanation in other samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Breesa Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Helath, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Caroline Fuss
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Melissa D Blank
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV 26506, USA
| | - Bethany C Bray
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, The Univeristy of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL 60607, USA
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, and Brown University Cancer Center, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Romm KF, Patterson B, Wang Y, Wysota CN, Bar-Zeev Y, Levine H, Berg CJ. Drivers and Passengers in Vehicles Driven Under the Influence of Alcohol or Marijuana: Behavior Profiles and Risk Factors Among Young Adults in a Longitudinal Study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:342-351. [PMID: 35590174 PMCID: PMC9135000 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2022.83.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little research has examined psychosocial influences differentially associated with driving under the influence of alcohol and marijuana (DUIA/DUIM) or of being a passenger in a vehicle driven by someone under the influence of alcohol or marijuana (PVA/PVM). METHOD Using 2019 survey data among 2,375 young adults (M age = 24.66, 57.7% female, 51.2% in states with legal marijuana retail) in a longitudinal study examining vaping retail, we conducted latent class analysis (LCA) to identify classes of DUI-related behaviors and multinomial logistic regression to identify correlates of classes (e.g., individual, interpersonal, policy related). RESULTS A total of 22.6% reported past-month DUIA, 24.1% DUIM, 29.7% PVA, and 27.7% PVM. Of those reporting DUIA, 41.4% reported DUIM, 71.8% PVA, and 40.7% PVM. Of those reporting DUIM, 47.7% reported DUIA, 49.6% PVA, and 83.8% PVM. LCA indicated four classes: alcohol and marijuana risk takers (5.9%), all of whom reported DUIA and DUIM, 81.2% PVA, and 89.2% PVM; marijuana risk takers (14.2%), 45.1% DUIM, 100% PVM, 7.8% PVA, and 0% DUIA; alcohol risk takers (24.1%), 40.1% DUIA, 98.6% PVA, 2.6% DUIM, and 33.8% PVM; and low risk takers (55.8%), 8.7% DUIA, 4.5% DUIM, and 0% PVA/PVM. Relative to the other classes, alcohol and marijuana risk takers were more likely male, heterosexual, and White, and alcohol and marijuana risk takers reported greater depressive symptoms. Influences of parent/peer alcohol versus marijuana use were specific to the respective DUI risk behaviors. No differences emerged for legal marijuana retail. CONCLUSIONS Findings regarding those at particular risk, social influences, and situations under which DUI-related behaviors occur should inform future interventions and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F. Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Brooke Patterson
- Global Health Design, Monitoring & Evaluation, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Christina N. Wysota
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Yael Bar-Zeev
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem – Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem – Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carla J. Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Romm KF, Patterson B, Wang Y, Wysota CN, Bar-Zeev Y, Levine H, Berg CJ. Drivers and Passengers in Vehicles Driven Under the Influence of Alcohol or Marijuana: Behavior Profiles and Risk Factors Among Young Adults in a Longitudinal Study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:342-351. [PMID: 35590174 PMCID: PMC9135000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little research has examined psychosocial influences differentially associated with driving under the influence of alcohol and marijuana (DUIA/DUIM) or of being a passenger in a vehicle driven by someone under the influence of alcohol or marijuana (PVA/PVM). METHOD Using 2019 survey data among 2,375 young adults (M age = 24.66, 57.7% female, 51.2% in states with legal marijuana retail) in a longitudinal study examining vaping retail, we conducted latent class analysis (LCA) to identify classes of DUI-related behaviors and multinomial logistic regression to identify correlates of classes (e.g., individual, interpersonal, policy related). RESULTS A total of 22.6% reported past-month DUIA, 24.1% DUIM, 29.7% PVA, and 27.7% PVM. Of those reporting DUIA, 41.4% reported DUIM, 71.8% PVA, and 40.7% PVM. Of those reporting DUIM, 47.7% reported DUIA, 49.6% PVA, and 83.8% PVM. LCA indicated four classes: alcohol and marijuana risk takers (5.9%), all of whom reported DUIA and DUIM, 81.2% PVA, and 89.2% PVM; marijuana risk takers (14.2%), 45.1% DUIM, 100% PVM, 7.8% PVA, and 0% DUIA; alcohol risk takers (24.1%), 40.1% DUIA, 98.6% PVA, 2.6% DUIM, and 33.8% PVM; and low risk takers (55.8%), 8.7% DUIA, 4.5% DUIM, and 0% PVA/PVM. Relative to the other classes, alcohol and marijuana risk takers were more likely male, heterosexual, and White, and alcohol and marijuana risk takers reported greater depressive symptoms. Influences of parent/peer alcohol versus marijuana use were specific to the respective DUI risk behaviors. No differences emerged for legal marijuana retail. CONCLUSIONS Findings regarding those at particular risk, social influences, and situations under which DUI-related behaviors occur should inform future interventions and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F. Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Brooke Patterson
- Global Health Design, Monitoring & Evaluation, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Christina N. Wysota
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Yael Bar-Zeev
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem – Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem – Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carla J. Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Association between Self-Reported Childhood Difficulties and Obesity and Health-Related Behaviors in Adulthood-A Cross-Sectional Study among 28,047 Adults from the General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031395. [PMID: 35162418 PMCID: PMC8835689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between self-reported childhood difficulties, weight status, and lifestyle behaviors among a representative sample of Norwegian adults. This cross-sectional study included 28,047 adults (>18 years old) living in southern Norway. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess information about the overall quality of the respondents’ childhood retrospectively in addition to current weight status and current lifestyle behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, and educational level showed that evaluating childhood as difficult was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 1.29; 95% CI; 1.16–1.44) in adulthood. Moreover, a difficult childhood was associated with increased odds of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors in adulthood, including low consumption of fruit and berries (1.21; 1.09–1.34) and fish (1.43; 1.30–1.57), high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (1.30; 1.14–1.48), low level of physical activity (1.10; 1.01–1.21), smoking cigarettes (1.78; 1.61–1.97), and using smokeless tobacco (1.20; 1.07–1.36). Overall, results from the present study suggest that experiencing childhood as difficult is associated with an increased risk of obesity and a range of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors in adulthood. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of identifying and providing support to children in difficult life circumstances in addition to customized and targeted public health efforts in adulthood.
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Boccio CM, Meldrum RC, Jackson DB. Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping: Findings from a statewide sample of Florida youth. Prev Med 2022; 154:106866. [PMID: 34740675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of research links exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with negative outcomes including nicotine and marijuana use. In addition, an emerging line of research has documented associations between exposure to ACEs and vaping activity in American adults and international samples of adolescents. Very limited research, however, has explored whether a history of ACEs is linked with adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping activity in an American sample. This study addresses this gap in the literature by employing multinomial logistic regression to examine whether cumulative exposure to ACEs is associated with adolescent nicotine vaping, dual mode use of nicotine, marijuana vaping, and dual mode use of marijuana in a sample of Florida high school students. Our findings reveal that greater cumulative exposure to ACEs (up to 5 ACEs) in adolescents leads to an increase in the likelihood of vaping nicotine and marijuana. In addition, greater cumulative exposure to ACEs (up to 6 ACEs) leads to an increase in the likelihood of using nicotine and marijuana through multiple delivery modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cashen M Boccio
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, The University of Texas, San Antonio, USA.
| | - Ryan C Meldrum
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida International University, USA.
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
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Duko B, Pereira G, Tait RJ, Nyadanu SD, Betts K, Alati R. Prenatal Tobacco Exposure and the Risk of Tobacco Smoking and Dependence in Offspring: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108993. [PMID: 34482031 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some compelling, though not comprehensive, epidemiological evidence which suggests an association between prenatal tobacco exposure and tobacco smoking/dependence in offspring. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal tobacco exposure and subsequent tobacco smoking/dependence in offspring. METHODS Using the PRISMA guideline, we systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Psych-INFO to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality of all identified studies was checked by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Inverse variance weighted random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). We stratified outcomes by tobacco smoking initiation, lifetime tobacco smoking, current tobacco smoking and tobacco dependence. We further performed subgroup and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. The protocol of this review was registered in the PROSPERO. RESULTS Twenty-six cohort and one case-control study were included in the final meta-analysis. We found elevated pooled risks of tobacco smoking initiation [RR = 2.08, (95 % CI: 1.18-3.68)], ever tobacco smoking [RR = 1.21, (95 % CI: 1.05-1.38)], current tobacco smoking [RR = 1.70, (95 % CI: 1.48-1.95)] and tobacco dependence [RR = 1.50, (95 % CI: 1.31-1.73)] in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use compared to non-exposed. We also noted higher risk estimate of current tobacco smoking in offspring exposed to heavy prenatal tobacco smoking [RR = 1.68, (95 % CI: 1.26-2.23)] when compared to prenatal exposure to lighter tobacco use [RR = 1.39, (95 % CI: 1.09-1.78)]. There was no association observed between paternal smoking during pregnancy and tobacco smoking in offspring. CONCLUSION Offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking are at an increased risk of tobacco smoking/dependence, indicating that tobacco smoking cessation during gestation may be imperative to reduce these risks in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawasaa, Ethiopia.
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place Building 609, Level 2 Technology Park, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Kim Betts
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
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Romm KF, Patterson B, Crawford ND, Posner H, West CD, Wedding D, Horn K, Berg CJ. Changes in young adult substance use during COVID-19 as a function of ACEs, depression, prior substance use and resilience. Subst Abus 2021; 43:212-221. [PMID: 34086537 PMCID: PMC10920401 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1930629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Given the potential for increased substance use during COVID-19, we examined (1) young adults' changes in cigarette, e-cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol use from pre- to during COVID-19; and (2) related risk/protective factors. These findings could inform intervention efforts aimed at curbing increases in substance use during periods of societal stress. Methods: We analyzed Wave 3 (W3; September-December 2019) and Wave 4 (W4; March-May 2020) from the Vape shop Advertising, Place characteristics and Effects Surveillance (VAPES), a 2-year, five-wave longitudinal study of young adults across six metropolitan areas. We examined risk/protective factors (i.e. adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], depressive symptoms, resilience) in relation to changes in past 30-day substance use frequency. Results: In this sample (N = 1084, Mage=24.76, SD = 4.70; 51.8% female; 73.6% White; 12.5% Hispanic), W3/W4 past 30-day use prevalence was: 29.1% cigarettes (19.4% increased/26.4% decreased), 36.5% e-cigarettes (23.2% increased/28.6% decreased), 49.4% marijuana (27.2% increased/21.2% decreased), and 84.8% alcohol (32.9% increased/20.7% decreased). Multivariate regressions indicated that, greater increases were predicted by: for e-cigarettes, greater ACEs; and for alcohol, greater depression. Among those with low resilience, predictors included: for e-cigarettes, greater depression; and for marijuana, greater ACEs. Conclusions: Interventions to reduce substance use during societal stressors should target both risk and protective factors, particularly resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brooke Patterson
- Department of Global Health, Design, Monitoring & Evaluation Program, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Natalie D Crawford
- Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather Posner
- Department of Global Health, Global Health Epidemiology and Disease Control Program, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carly D West
- Department of Global Health, Global Health Epidemiology and Disease Control Program, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - DeEnna Wedding
- Department of Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly Horn
- Carilion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Amiri S, Fathi-Ashtiani M, Sedghijalal A, Fathi-Ashtiani A. Parental divorce and offspring smoking and alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:388-416. [PMID: 33648433 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1886576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parental divorce and smoking and alcohol consumption in offspring, which is based on a systematic review method and ultimately meta-analysis. Method: In a systematic search, three databases were selected. The manuscripts were searched based on the keywords and the time limit for the search was published manuscripts in English until November 2020. For the relationship between parental divorce and smoking/alcohol use in offspring, one main analysis, and four analyses based on sex, study design, adjusted level, and continents were performed. Result: Forty-three studies were synthesized from the collection of manuscripts. The odds of smoking in offspring whose parents were separated was 1.45 (CI 1.37-1.54) and this odds in men was equal to 1.38 (CI 1.11-1.71; Z = 2.91; p = 0.004; I2 = 81.5%) and in women, 1.78 (CI 1.51-2.10; Z = 6.88; p < 0.001; I2 = 69.6%). The odds of alcohol use in offspring whose parents were separated was 1.43 (CI 1.15-1.77) and this odds in men was equal to 1.69 (CI 1.16-2.47; Z = 2.73; p = 0.006; I2 = 99.6%) and in women 1.79 (CI 1.07-2.99). Discussion: The findings of the present study can be used in health-related policies, prevention, and clinical interventions. This study was a subject with limitations, also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Sedghijalal
- Department of Sociology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Fathi-Ashtiani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Khan MMA, Rahman MM, Jeamin SS, Mustagir MG, Haque MR, Kaikobad MS. Psychosocial and socio-environmental factors associated with adolescents' tobacco and other substance use in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242872. [PMID: 33232381 PMCID: PMC7685447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana are the top three substances used by adolescents. The adverse health effects of these three substances are well documented in epidemiological literature, yet little is known about the substance use and associated factors among adolescents in Bangladesh. This study examines the risk factors for tobacco and other substances use among school-going adolescents in Bangladesh. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2014 Bangladesh Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) of adolescents aged 13-17 years. We used two outcome measures: tobacco use (TU) and other substance use (SU; alcohol and/or marijuana). We examined a set of reported psychosocial and socio-environmental adverse events as risk factors. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations. RESULTS The prevalence of TU and other SU among school-going adolescents was 9.6% and 2.3%, respectively. The likelihood of TU and other SU was higher among adolescents who reported being bullied (TU: adjusted odd ratio [AOR]: 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-3.00; and other SU: AOR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.46-7.99) and having sexual history (TU: AOR: 19.38; 95% CI: 12.43-30.21; and other SU: AOR: 5.34; 95% CI: 2.17-13.29). Moreover, anxiety-related sleep loss was associated with adolescents' TU (AOR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.02-5.82) whereas the likelihood of other SU (AOR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.14-9.44) was higher among lonely adolescents. Experience of adverse socio-environmental factors, such as parental substance use (TU: AOR: 7.81; 95% CI: 5.08-12.01), poor monitoring (TU: AOR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.16-3.31) and poor understanding (TU: AOR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.36-3.65), and lack of peer support (TU: AOR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.84-5.31; and other SU: AOR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.02-5.91), and truancy (other SU: AOR: 4.29; 95% CI: 1.81-10.12) were also positively associated with TU and/or other SU. Additionally, higher odds of tobacco use were observed among adolescents who reported 1 (AOR: 4.36 times; 95% CI: 1.34-14.24), 2 (AOR: 8.69 95% CI: 1.67-28.23), and ≥3 (AOR: 17.46; 95% CI: 6.20-49.23) adverse psychosocial experiences than who did not report any psychosocial events. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco and other substance use among school-going adolescents are prevalent in Bangladesh. Several psychosocial and socio-environmental events are associated with TU and other SU, which should be incorporated into adolescent substance use and health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mostaured Ali Khan
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- MEL and Research, Practical Action, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mosfequr Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda S. Jeamin
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Md. Golam Mustagir
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Sharif Kaikobad
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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15
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Ofuchi T, Zaw AMM, Thepthien BO. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 32:398-405. [PMID: 33025794 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, e-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use in a sample of adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample comprises 6167 students from 48 schools (grades 9, 11, and vocational year 2) who participated in the 2019 round of the Behavior Surveillance Survey. History of 11 ACEs was used to calculate a cumulative ACE score (range 0-11). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between history of ACEs and smoking. In the sample, 7.0% reported using e-cigarettes only and 9.5% used e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, history of ACEs was associated with increased odds of dual use. The odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was significantly greater if the adolescent had a history of ≥4 ACEs. Special attention is needed to prevent smoking of different types among those with a history of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ofuchi
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Ojiya City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan
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Salas J, van den Berk-Clark C, Skiöld-Hanlin S, Schneider FD, Scherrer JF. Adverse childhood experiences, depression, and cardiometabolic disease in a nationally representative sample. J Psychosom Res 2019; 127:109842. [PMID: 31671348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression are both independently associated with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective was to determine if the association of ACEs, examined with Latent Class Analysis (LCA), with CVD and diabetes was stronger in patients with versus without depression. METHODS Participants were 78,435 non-institutionalized adults in the United States completing the ACEs module in the 2011-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. LCA grouped participants into ACE classes. Respondents self-reported ACEs and lifetime depression, diabetes and CVD. Complex survey weighted logistic regression models assessed the relationships between ACEs, diabetes, and CVD overall and in those with and without depression. RESULTS Half of participants were female (48.6%) and 82.3% White, non-Hispanic. LCA identified a four-class solution characterized as 'low adversity', 'verbal/physical abuse', 'sexual abuse', and 'high adversity'. The odds ratios for each ACE class and diabetes were similar in those with and without depression. An overall adjusted model showed that 'sexual abuse' versus 'low adversity' was significantly associated with diabetes (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.61). Effect modification was present for CVD such that among those with depression, but not among those without, 'high adversity' had over two times the odds of CVD than 'low adversity' (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.06-2.93). CONCLUSIONS 'High adversity' in those with but not without depression is positively associated with CVD. 'Sexual abuse' is positively associated with diabetes independent of depression. The study is relevant to trauma-informed care and highlights the contribution of ACEs and depression to poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Salas
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
| | - Carissa van den Berk-Clark
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Sarah Skiöld-Hanlin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - F David Schneider
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey F Scherrer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
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17
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Alcalá HE, Valdez-Dadia A, von Ehrenstein OS. Adverse childhood experiences and access and utilization of health care. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:684-692. [PMID: 29182751 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. However, the association between ACEs and access and utilization of health care have been largely ignored. Methods This study examined data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 101 527). We conducted logistic regression analyses, with nine ACEs as independent variables, in relation to the odds of being insured, having a personal health care provider and receiving a physician checkup in the past year. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable models were estimated. Results After accounting for potential confounders, all ACEs were associated with lower odds of being currently insured and receiving a physician checkup in the past year. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and several measures of household dysfunction were associated with lower odds of having a personal provider. Conclusions Our findings suggest potential pathways by which ACEs may impact health. Provision of health insurance and providing care in a trauma-informed manner should be considered for individuals with a history of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor E Alcalá
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Annalyn Valdez-Dadia
- Center for Health Equity Research, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., MS-4510, FO5-120, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, 640 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Adverse childhood experiences and electronic cigarette use among young Australian women. Prev Med 2019; 126:105759. [PMID: 31251947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have identified positive relationships between childhood adversities and smoking, problem drinking and illicit drug abuse. Nonetheless, to our knowledge, in no studies has there been an examination of the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and e-cigarette use. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and e-cigarette use. Data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were used. Study respondents (N = 8915) from the 1989-95 cohort (third wave) aged 19-26 years completed an online survey in 2015. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between ACEs and e-cigarette use, adjusted for socio-demographic variables and smoking status. Participants who reported past year e-cigarette use were more likely to report childhood psychological abuse (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.45, 99%CI: 1.11, 1.90), physical abuse (AOR = 1.30, 99%CI, 1.03, 1.82), or sexual abuse (AOR = 1.41, 99%CI, 1.02, 1.95), All abuse types associated with past year e-cigarette use were also associated with ever e-cigarette use. Ever e-cigarette use was also associated with household substance abuse (AOR = 1.35, 99%CI, 1.08, 1.68), witnessing domestic violence (AOR = 1.28, 99%CI, 1.01, 1.69), or having a mentally ill household member (AOR = 1.28, 99%CI, 1.05, 1.58) compared with those who were not. A positive dose-response relationship was observed between the number of ACEs and the odds of e-cigarette use. This study identified an association between ACEs and e-cigarette use. Improvements in supportive parenting skills and the provision of counselling services for those exposed to ACEs may help avert health-harming behaviours, including e-cigarette use.
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Patten CA, Koller KR, Flanagan CA, Hiratsuka V, Merritt ZT, Sapp F, Meade CD, Hughes CA, Decker PA, Murphy N, Thomas TK. Postpartum Tobacco Use and Perceived Stress among Alaska Native Women: MAW Phase 4 Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3024. [PMID: 31438550 PMCID: PMC6747207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Prior research explored reasons for tobacco use among pregnant Alaska Native (AN) women but did not address the postpartum period. This study followed up with AN women one to three years postpartum who had participated in a prenatal smoking cessation intervention study (Motivate Alaska Women (MAW) Phase 3) and had consented to be re-contacted for future studies. Of 47 eligible women, 32 (68%) participated. A semi-structured phone interview was conducted a mean of 2.0 years after delivery (range 1.6-2.8). Measures assessed self-reported tobacco use status in the 12 months after delivery, at 12 months postpartum, and at the time of the interview; reasons for maintaining abstinence, continued use, or relapse; and included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Negative Affect (NA) scale. Content analysis was used to generate themes from open-ended response items. Tobacco use was reported by 23 women (72%) at delivery, 30 (94%) within the 12 months after delivery, 27 (84%) at 12 months postpartum, and 29 (91%) at the time of the interview. Among nine women not using tobacco at delivery, seven (78%) relapsed during the 12 months after delivery. Of the 29 current tobacco users, 28 (97%) smoked cigarettes. Twenty-seven participants (84%) reported stress and 15 (52%) indicated addiction as reasons for continuing, starting, or resuming tobacco use. Types of stressors were related to parenting and traumatic experiences. Among current tobacco users, mean NA score (18.7) was significantly higher (p = 0.01) than the normative mean (14.8), but no differences were detected for PSS score. In this sample of AN women, postpartum tobacco use was highly prevalent, and stress was a primary reason that women endorsed for using tobacco. These preliminary results have several practice and research implications for exploring ways to support non-tobacco use among postpartum AN women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi A Patten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Kathryn R Koller
- Clinical and Research Services, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 4000 Ambassador Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Christie A Flanagan
- Clinical and Research Services, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 4000 Ambassador Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Vanessa Hiratsuka
- Southcentral Foundation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alaska Native Medical Center, 4320 Diplomacy Dr., Ste. 1800, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Zoe T Merritt
- Clinical and Research Services, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 4000 Ambassador Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Flora Sapp
- Clinical and Research Services, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 4000 Ambassador Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Crystal D Meade
- Clinical and Research Services, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 4000 Ambassador Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Christine A Hughes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Neil Murphy
- Southcentral Foundation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alaska Native Medical Center, 4320 Diplomacy Dr., Ste. 1800, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Timothy K Thomas
- Clinical and Research Services, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 4000 Ambassador Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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Cosanella T, Youkhaneh N, Bennett N, Morrell HER. Demographic Moderators of the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cigarette Smoking. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:2229-2240. [PMID: 31339418 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1642358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Research suggests that there is a dose-response relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and cigarette smoking, such that as ACE score increases, so do the odds of smoking behavior, but little is known about what factors moderate this relationship. Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine demographic characteristics as potential moderators of relationship between ACE score and cigarette smoking. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2013 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. The sample included 2,604 U.S. adults (54.8% female; Age: M = 53.3, SD = 8.10). We used multinomial logistic regression to test sex, race, income, and education as moderators of the relationship between ACE score and smoking. Results: ACEs were not significantly associated with smoking behavior. No interactions between ACE score and sex, race, education, or income significantly predicted smoking outcomes. Sex, race, education, and income were significantly and independently associated with smoking outcomes. Men, individuals with lower income and education, and certain ethnic/racial groups reported greater odds of smoking. Conclusions/Importance: Results suggest that there may not be a relationship between ACEs and smoking later in life. Additionally, the relationship between ACEs and smoking in adulthood may not depend on basic demographic features. Knowing which populations are more vulnerable to smoking can help clinicians better assess and tailor interventions to meet the needs of their patients by using culturally sensitive interventions and obtaining resources to help improve treatment access, motivation, and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Cosanella
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California , USA
| | - Nicolette Youkhaneh
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California , USA
| | - Nicole Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California , USA
| | - Holly E R Morrell
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California , USA
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El Mhamdi S, Lemieux A, Ben Salah A, Bouanene I, Ben Salem K, al'Absi M. Exposure to community and collective violence during childhood and tobacco use patterns among young adults in Tunisia. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2018; 26:935-945. [PMID: 30047613 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that experiencing intrafamilial adversities (abuse, neglect and household dysfunction) during childhood is linked to addictive behaviours. However, the impact of social adversities (peer, community and collective violence) as well as gender, on tobacco initiation and dependence has received much less attention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between social childhood adversities and tobacco use patterns by gender among young adults in Tunisia. We performed a cross-sectional study from May to December, 2014 on 1,200 respondents using the validated Arabic version of the World Health Organization Adverse Childhood Experiences-International questionnaire (WHO ACE-IQ). Data on smoking characteristics among current smokers were also collected. Data analysis was performed using logistic and linear regression models. The rate of current tobacco use was significantly higher for males (43.9%) than for females (9.3%). Female and male respondents differed significantly on almost every examined adversity. Males were more likely to have experienced all types of social violence than females. The odds of tobacco use were significantly higher regardless the mental health status and the occurrence of intrafamilial early life adversity for both genders. Smokers exposed to social violence during childhood had a strong association between nicotine dependence and the overall burden of adversity. That is, 74 and 58% of nicotine dependence was explained by the number of childhood social adversities in females and males respectively. The findings underscore the role of community and collective violence in addictive behaviours among young adults. Multisectorial and population-based strategies are needed to minimise the occurrence of social early life adversity and related tobacco patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana El Mhamdi
- Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, University Hospital Tahar Sfar, Mahdia, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Research laboratory "Epidemiology Applied to Maternal and Child Health" 12SP17, Tunisia
| | - Andrine Lemieux
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN
| | - Arwa Ben Salah
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Research laboratory "Epidemiology Applied to Maternal and Child Health" 12SP17, Tunisia
| | - Ines Bouanene
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Research laboratory "Epidemiology Applied to Maternal and Child Health" 12SP17, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Ben Salem
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Research laboratory "Epidemiology Applied to Maternal and Child Health" 12SP17, Tunisia
| | - Mustafa al'Absi
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN
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Rogers CJ, Forster M, Unger JB. Ethnic variations in the relationship between multiple stress domains and use of several types of tobacco/nicotine products among a diverse sample of adults. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 7:96-102. [PMID: 29892703 PMCID: PMC5993881 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Financial strain and discrimination are consistent predictors of negative health outcomes and maladaptive coping behaviors, including tobacco use. Although there is considerable information exploring stress and smoking, limited research has examined the relationship between patterns of stress domains and specific tobacco/nicotine product use. Even fewer studies have assessed ethnic variations in these relationships. Methods This study investigated the relationship between discrimination and financial strain and current tobacco/nicotine product use and explored the ethnic variation in these relationships among diverse sample of US adults (N = 1068). Separate logistic regression models assessed associations between stress domains and tobacco/nicotine product use, adjusting for covariates (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, and household income). Due to statistically significant differences, the final set of models was stratified by race/ethnicity. Results Higher levels of discrimination were associated with higher odds of all three tobacco/nicotine product categories. Financial strain was positively associated with combustible tobacco and combined tobacco/nicotine product use. Financial strain was especially risky for Non-Hispanic Whites (AOR:1.191, 95%CI:1.083-1.309) and Blacks/African Americans (AOR:1.542, 95%CI:1.106-2.148), as compared to other groups, whereas discrimination was most detrimental for Asians/Pacific Islanders (AOR:3.827, 95%CI:1.832-7.997) and Hispanics/Latinas/Latinos (AOR:2.517, 95%CI:1.603-3.952). Conclusions Findings suggest discrimination and financial stressors are risk factors for use of multiple tobacco/nicotine products, highlighting the importance of prevention research that accounts for these stressors. Because ethnic groups may respond differently to stress/strain, prevention research needs to identify cultural values, beliefs, and coping strategies that can buffer the negative consequences of discrimination and financial stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rogers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, California, CA 91330, United States
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, California, CA 91330, United States
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (ST) use among US high school males living in rural areas exceeds national levels. Subgroups at heightened risk of ST use have been identified, but less is known regarding ST decision-making within high-risk groups. The study objective was to describe rural adolescent males' perceived ST acceptability, health risks, and social implications and how those perceptions differ between ST users and never-users. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 55 male students (32 ST ever-users) at three rural California high schools. Interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Investigators collaboratively developed a codebook based on thematic content and then independently coded transcripts, reconvening frequently to achieve consensus. Coded text was systematically organized into themes following a general inductive approach. ST users and non-users shared multiple ST-related perceptions, including: that ST is a common, normative way of life in rural "country" culture among certain groups; that ST use conveys oral health risks; and that the decision to use (or not to use) is rooted in personal choice. ST users' and never-users' perceptions differed regarding the immediacy, severity, and inevitability of health risks, particularly relative to cigarette smoking. Other differences included perceived parental permissiveness and the expected social benefits of ST use, such as peer acceptance and conveying maturity. Within this population of rural male adolescents, ST users emphasized the social benefits of ST use, while acknowledging but discounting health risks. Differences and similarities in tobacco perceptions among adolescents living in similar environments may inform effective health communication.
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Almahdi HM, Ali RW, Nasir EF, Åstrøm AN. Socio-cognitive correlates of intention to use Toombak: a cross-sectional study among students (13-16 years) in Khartoum State, Sudan. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:88. [PMID: 28768494 PMCID: PMC5541648 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toombak is a form of smokeless tobacco, locally made and consumed in Sudan. It is associated with a number of health hazards, particularly oral cancer. This study was set out to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of its use, and to explore the socio-cognitive factors affecting the intention to use Toombak among secondary school students in Khartoum State, Sudan. METHODS A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted in 2013-2014 where schools were randomly selected using a one-stage stratified sampling procedure. The sample size was calculated to consist of 1526 students. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, which contained some cognitive constructs; information received, social image, attitudes, normative social influence, accessibility to Toombak, socio-demographics and Toombak use related variables. RESULTS A total of 1670 secondary school students participated in the study. More than half of them 53.4% were <15-years-old and 53.6% were females. Only 5.3% of the students reported intention to use Toombak. Among the students 10.9% were ever Toombak users, 81.6% reported a positive attitude towards its use and 60.7% had received information about its harmful effects. A total of 72.6% reported normative social influence towards using Toombak and 62.5% perceived a negative social image attached to its use. Most of the students, 70.8% reported exposure to anti-Toombak information, 41.8% confirmed exposure to Toombak advertisement and 87.5% reported indirect access to its sale. Younger students reported ever use of Toombak less frequently than their older counterparts (38.4% versus 61.6%), p < 0.001. Males reported ever use of Toombak more frequently than did females (74.3% versus 25.7%), p < 0.001. According to the regression model, individuals who perceived a positive social image of Toombak users and had past experience were more likely to intend to its use. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that the prevalence of Toombak use among Sudanese secondary school students is low and that male and older students are more frequent users. Students' decision to use Toombak was based upon past experience with Toombak use and the social image attached to its use. Easy access to Toombak and encouragement from friends and classmates were among the factors which support intention to use Toombak but only in the unadjusted analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rouf Wahab Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Elwalid Fadul Nasir
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan.,Centre for oral health expertise, Hordaland-West, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Martindale SE, Lacey RE. Parental separation in childhood and adult smoking in the 1958 British birth cohort. Eur J Public Health 2017; 27:723-728. [PMID: 28115419 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parental separation or divorce is a known risk factor for poorer adult health. One mechanism may operate through the uptake of risky health behaviours, such as smoking. This study investigated the association between parental separation and adult smoking in a large British birth cohort and also examined potential socioeconomic, relational and psychosocial mediators. Differences by gender and timing of parental separation were also assessed. Methods Multiply imputed data on 11 375 participants of the National Child Development Study (the 1958 British birth cohort) were used. A series of multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to investigate the association between parental separation (0-16 years) and adult smoking status (age 42), and the role of potential socioeconomic, relational and psychosocial mediators. Results Parental separation in childhood was associated with an increased risk of being a current (RRR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.77, 2.60) or ex-smoker (RRR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.85) at age 42. This association remained after consideration of potential socioeconomic, psychosocial and relational mediators. Relational (parent-child relationship quality, parental involvement and adult partnership status) and socioeconomic factors (overcrowding, financial hardship, housing tenure, household amenities, free school meal receipt and educational attainment) appeared to be the most important of the groups of mediators investigated. No differences by gender or the timing of parental separation were observed. Conclusion Parental separation experienced in childhood was associated with increased risk of smoking. Families undergoing separation should be further supported in order to prevent the uptake of smoking and to prevent later health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Martindale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Rebecca E Lacey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Alcalá HE, Tomiyama AJ, von Ehrenstein OS. Gender Differences in the Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cancer. Womens Health Issues 2017; 27:625-631. [PMID: 28774479 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to a variety of diseases in adulthood, including cancer. However, current research has yet to determine if all abuse types are associated with cancer and if women are more adversely impacted by ACEs than men. METHODS Data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a national survey of American adults 18 and older (N = 111,964) were analyzed. Logistic regression models were fit to estimate odds of ever being diagnosed with cancer after experiencing one or more of eight different ACEs, while adjusting for potential confounders. These analyses were then stratified by gender. RESULTS Among women, childhood experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, living with someone who was mentally ill, living with a problem drinker, living with a drug user, and living in a household where adults treated each other violently were associated with higher odds of cancer. Among men, only emotional abuse was associated with higher odds of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that ACEs increase risk of cancer later in life. However, this impact occurs mostly among women. This finding may be because women experience many ACEs at higher rates than men and because women, via sexual abuse, can be exposed to cancer-causing viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor E Alcalá
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Making the connection between child abuse and cancer: Definitional, methodological, and theoretical issues. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1057/s41285-016-0016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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