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Ghimire DJ, Cole F, Hermosilla S, Axinn WG, Benjet C. Alcohol use and internal migration in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:587-593. [PMID: 37407031 PMCID: PMC10498928 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-220030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a leading cause of disease. Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have lower per capita alcohol consumption, the alcohol-attributable disease burden is high in these settings with consumption increasing. LMICs are also experiencing unprecedented levels of internal migration, potentially increasing mental stress, changing social restrictions on drinking, and increasing alcohol availability. We assessed the relationship between internal migration, opportunity to drink, and the transition from first use to regular alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUD) in Nepal, a low-income, South Asian country. METHODS A representative sample of 7435 individuals, aged 15-59 from Nepal were interviewed in 2016-2018 (93% response rate) with clinically validated measures of alcohol use and disorders and life history calendar measures of lifetime migration experiences. Discrete-time hazard models assessed associations between migration and alcohol use outcomes. RESULTS Net of individual sociodemographic characteristics, internal migration was associated with increased odds of opportunity to drink (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.53), onset of regular alcohol use given lifetime use (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.48) and AUD given lifetime use (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.57). The statistically significant association between internal migration and opportunity to drink was specific to females, whereas the associations between migration and regular use and disorder were statistically significant for males. CONCLUSIONS Despite high rates of internal migration worldwide, most research studying migration and alcohol use focuses on international migrants. Findings suggest that internal migrants are at increased risk to transition into alcohol use and disorders. Support services for internal migrants could prevent problematic alcohol use among this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirgha J Ghimire
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Faith Cole
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sabrina Hermosilla
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William G Axinn
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Corina Benjet
- Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, National Institute for Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Asri Y, Chuang KY. Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Indonesian Migrant Workers in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4056. [PMID: 36901063 PMCID: PMC10001592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
International migrant workers contribute significantly to the economic growth of the receiving country, and yet their health, especially their mental health, has long been overlooked. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms among Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. This study used cross-sectional data from 1031 Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. Demographic, health, and living- and work-related variables, as well as depressive symptom variables assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Study on depressive symptoms scale, were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify related factors. About 15% of the Indonesian migrant workers had depressive symptoms. The significant factors associated with these symptoms were age, educational level, frequency of contact with families, self-rated health, time spent in Taiwan, region of work, satisfaction with the living environment, and freedom to go out after work. The findings thus identify target groups who are more likely than others to suffer from depressive symptoms, and we suggest appropriate approaches for devising interventions to reduce depressive symptoms. The findings of this research suggest the need for targeted approaches to reducing depressive symptoms among this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Asri
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Institut Teknologi, Sains dan Kesehatan RS dr Soepraoen Kesdam V/Brawijaya, Malang 65147, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Kun-Yang Chuang
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Iglesias Rodríguez IM, Miura S, Maeda T, Imai K, Smith C, Vasquez Velasquez C, Honda S, Hirayama K. Analysis of the Chagas disease situation in Japan: a cross sectional study and cost-effectiveness analysis of a Chagas disease screening program. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 31:100574. [PMID: 36879788 PMCID: PMC9985010 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japan is estimated to host 3000 cases of Chagas disease (CD). However, there are no epidemiological data and policies for prevention and care. We aimed to analyze the current situation of CD in Japan and identify possible barriers to seeking care. METHODS This cross-sectional study included Latin American (LA) migrants living in Japan from March 2019 to October 2020. We obtained blood samples to identify participants infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, and data about sociodemographic information, CD risk factors, and barriers to access to the Japanese national health care system (JNHS). We used the observed prevalence to calculate the cost-effectiveness analysis of the screening of CD in the JNHS. FINDINGS The study included 428 participants, most of them were from Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. The observed prevalence was 1.6% (expected prevalence= 0.75%) and 5.3% among Bolivians. Factors associated with seropositivity were being born in Bolivia, having previously taken a CD test, witnessing the triatome bug at home, and having a relative with CD. The screening model was more cost-effective than the non-screening model from a health care perspective (ICER=200,320 JPY). Factors associated with access to JNHS were being female, length of stay in Japan, Japanese communication skills, source of information, and satisfaction about the JNHS. INTERPRETATION Screening of asymptomatic adults at risk of CD may be a cost-effective strategy in Japan. However, its implementation should consider the barriers that affect LA migrants in access to the JNHS. FUNDING Nagasaki University and Infectious Diseases Japanese Association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sachio Miura
- NPO organization, MAIKEN, Motohachioji, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0826, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imai
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chris Smith
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Vasquez Velasquez
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Honda
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Peng B, Ling L. Health service behaviors of migrants: A conceptual framework. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1043135. [PMID: 37124818 PMCID: PMC10140430 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1043135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Universal health coverage is vital to the World Health Organization's (WHO's) efforts to ensure access to health as a human right. However, it has been reported that migrants, including both international immigrants and internal migrants, underuse health services. Establishing a conceptual framework to facilitate research on the health service behaviors (HSB) of migrants is particularly important. Many theoretical frameworks explaining the general population's HSB have been published; however, most theoretical frameworks on migrants' HSB only focus on international immigrants without the inclusion of internal migrants. Of note, internal migrants are much more abundant than immigrants, and this group faces similar barriers to HSB as immigrants do. Based on theoretical frameworks of immigrants' HSB and Anderson's behavior model, the author proposes a new conceptual framework of migrants' HSB that includes both immigrants and internal migrants. The new conceptual framework divides the determinants into macro-structural or contextual factors, health delivery system characteristics, and characteristics of the population at risk and describes subgroup-specific factors. The author added some variables and reclassified variables in some dimensions, including characteristics of health delivery systems and access to healthcare. The characteristics of health delivery systems comprise the volume, organization, quality, and cost of the health delivery system, while the characteristics of access to healthcare include time accessibility, geographic accessibility, and information accessibility. The outcomes of HSB have been expanded, and relationships between them have been reported. The mediating effects of some variables have also been described. This conceptual framework can facilitate a deep and comprehensive understanding of the HSB determination process for migrants, including internal migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boli Peng
- Department of Actuarial Science, School of Insurance, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Ling,
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Meng M, Wang Z, Yu J. The impact of medical service on the return behavior: A city-level study in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1009454. [PMID: 36353278 PMCID: PMC9638082 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the constraints of the rural-urban household registration systems, the migrants of China currently receive varying degrees of medical services. The fact that many migrants choose to return to their hometowns due to the inequality in medical care has been a social phenomenon. Using data from the 2017 China Migrant Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this paper explores the effect of medical services on population migration. Probit regression analysis method was utilized to examine the relationship between medical service level (MSL) and medical service improvement (MSI) and return behavior (RB), as well as the interaction effect between MSL and MSI, and the moderating effect of health status (HS) and health education (HE). Multiple heterogeneity tests were performed. Grouping regressions were conducted using rural household registration (RHR), grouping regressions were conducted using new rural cooperative medical system (NRCMS), and multinomial Probit regressions were conducted using migration distance and age factors. The following findings were obtained. First, when MSL is low but MSI is high in the locality of household registration, the return probability of migrants will increase. MSL also has a positive interaction effect with MSI, and they jointly increase the return probability of migrants; Second, HS and HE have a positive moderating effect on the relationships between MSL and RB and between MSI and RB; Third, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the migrants with RHR or the migrants not covered by the NRCMS are more prone to return due to the reason of medical service. In addition, the analysis also shows that middle-aged and older people who return across provinces have the highest tendency to return due to medical services and young people have the lowest propensity to return across and within provinces. The study could help local governments change their public medical care policies and close the gap between medical services in different areas. As a result, it is necessary to understand population migration trends and promote New Urbanization Strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Meng
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Center of Healthcare Management, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji'an Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ji'an Yu
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Chavan BS, Sidana A, Arun P, Rohilla R, Singh GP, Solanki RK, Aneja J, Murara MK, Verma M, Chakraborty S, Singh C, Sharrma H, Sharma R, Bahri S, Dushant. Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in migrant workers: A population based study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:210-215. [PMID: 33446003 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020988881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mental health problems and substance abuse in the migrant population is higher than the general population. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and pattern of mental health issues and substance use in the migrant population and highlight the association with the reverse migration of migrant workers. METHODOLOGY The field staff visited the shelter homes for migrant population in four cities of Northern India (Chandigarh (UT), Bhatinda (Punjab), Panchkula (Haryana) and Jaipur (Rajasthan). After maintaining the social distance and wearing masks by the staff and migrants, written informed consent was taken for participation in the study. The socio-demographic details of reverse migrants were noted down and Hindi version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for mental health problems and screening tool for pattern of substance abuse was administered. Geographically matched undisplaced were also administered these tools. RESULTS A total of 275 reverse migrants and 276 undisplaced were included in the study. The prevalence of ever use for all the substances among reverse migrants was 44.4% (122/275) and among undisplaced, it was 45.3%. The prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis was higher than the general population. The prevalence of at least one diagnosis on PHQ-9 is 13.45% (reverse migrants 19.3% and undisplaced 7.6) and the prevalence of other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants (17.1%) than undisplaced (4.0%). CONCLUSION The study concludes that prevalence of mental health issues and substance abuse in migrant population is significantly higher than the general population and the prevalence of at least one diagnosis and other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants than undisplaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajeet Sidana
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Priti Arun
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi Rohilla
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurvinder Pal Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, India
| | - R K Solanki
- Department of Psychiatry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, RJ, India
| | | | | | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Community/Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhatinda, Bhatinda, PB, India
| | | | - Chitra Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, RJ, India
| | - Himanshu Sharrma
- Department of Psychiatry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, RJ, India
| | | | | | - Dushant
- Volunteer member Corona Sena, Panchkula, HR, India
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Ha T, Schensul SL, Schensul JJ, Nguyen T, Nguyen N. Sexual Risk Behaviors, HIV Prevalence and Access to Reproductive Health Services Among Young Women Migrant Workers in the Industrial Zones in Vietnam. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:775375. [PMID: 36303970 PMCID: PMC9580672 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.775375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Young migrant workers working in the industrial zones (IZ) in low and middle-income countries are at risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study examines the sex-related risks of young women migrant workers in the IZ in Vietnam. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,061 young migrant women working in the IZ park in Hanoi, Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with HIV testing and condom use at last sex. Results: A total of 1,061 young women migrant workers completed the survey in which 652 participants consented to take the initial rapid HIV test. All but one participant tested negative indicating a HIV prevalence of 150 (95% CI: 27-860) per 100,000 population among this population. There were no differences in sexual behavior, use of sexual and reproductive health services, HIV knowledge, perceived HIV risk or alcohol use between those who were HIV tested and those not tested. Single participants reported high rates of first sex while living in the IZ and high rates of condom use during the first-time sex, however, they had low levels of condom use at last sex. While the majority of married participants used the SRH/HIV services, nearly 80% of the single participants who reported having sex never used SRH/HIV services since living in the IZ. However, single participants were over 4 times more likely to use condoms at last sex compared to married participants (OR = 4.67; 95%CI = 2.96-7.85). Participants with vocational school or higher education was more likely to use condom (OR = 2.19; 95%CI = 1.05-4.57). Neither HIV knowledge or alcohol use were associated with condom use. Conclusions: Although HIV prevalence is very low among young women workers in the IZ in Vietnam, a significant number of them engaged in risky sexual behavior and low levels of condom use at last sex as well as low level of using SRH/HIV services highlights a need to develop interventions that provide tailored-made and cultural appropriate SRH education for unmarried female migrant workers to prevent risky sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Ha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Virology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Toan Ha
| | - Stephen L. Schensul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | - Trang Nguyen
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Pangaribuan SM, Lin YK, Lin MF, Chang HJ. Mediating Effects of Coping Strategies on the Relationship Between Mental Health and Quality of Life Among Indonesian Female Migrant Workers in Taiwan. J Transcult Nurs 2021; 33:178-189. [PMID: 34784809 DOI: 10.1177/10436596211057289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health is a major concern among migrant workers worldwide. More than 200,846 female migrant workers in Taiwan are from Indonesia. The study's purpose was to investigate mediating effects of coping strategies on the relationship between mental health problems and the quality of life (QoL). METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted in Taiwan. In total, 500 Indonesian female migrant workers completed four questionnaires. A mediation test was conducted to estimate direct and indirect effects. RESULTS Coping strategies, namely substance use, behavioral disengagement, denial, and religious dedication, partially mediated the relationship between mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) and QoL among Indonesian female migrant workers in Taiwan. DISCUSSION Health promotion programs should be developed for Indonesian female migrant workers in Taiwan to help them detect and overcome their mental health problems. Interventions that facilitate effective coping strategies should be administered to improve their QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Mei-Feng Lin
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chang
- College of Nursing, Department of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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9
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Bernabe-Ortiz A, Carrillo-Larco RM. Multimorbidity and Disability Among Venezuelan Migrants: A Population-Based Survey in Peru. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:1206-1213. [PMID: 34448992 PMCID: PMC9388437 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The political and economic crisis in Venezuela has originated an unprecedented migration. As of November 2020, 1.04 million Venezuelans have moved to Peru. Understanding their health profile is needed to identify their needs, provide care and secure resources without affecting the healthcare of nationals. We quantified the burden of multimorbidity and disability in the Venezuelan population in Peru. We analyzed the 2018 Survey of Venezuelan Population Living in Peru; population-based with random sampling survey in six cities in Peru. Participants were asked about the presence of 12 chronic conditions (self-reported); this information was grouped into 0, 1 and ≥ 2 conditions (i.e., multimorbidity). Disability was also ascertained with a self-reported questionnaire adapted from the short version of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics. Socioeconomic variables were analyzed as potential determinants. Variables were described with frequencies and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), compared with Chi2 test, and association estimates were derived with a Poisson regression reporting prevalence ratio and 95% CI. Results accounted for the complex survey design. The analysis included 7554 migrants, mean age 31.8 (SD: 10.2), 46.6% were women, 31.7% migrated alone and 5.6% had refugee status. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 0.6% (95% CI 0.4-0.9%), and was often present in women (p < 0.001), people ≥ 50 years (p < 0.001) and those without recent job (p < 0.001). The prevalence of disability was 2.0% (95% CI 1.5-2.7%), and was common among people ≥ 50 years (p < 0.001) and those without recent job (p < 0.001). Migration alone and refugee status were not associated with multimorbidity or disability. The self-reported prevalence of multimorbidity and disability in Venezuelan migrants in Peru was low, and were not strongly influenced by migration status. While these results could suggest a healthy migrant effect, the healthcare system should be prepared to deliver acute and preventive care for these migrants, while also securing primary prevention to delay the onset of chronic conditions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av Armendariz 445, Miraflores, Lima, Peru.,School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av Armendariz 445, Miraflores, Lima, Peru. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Pega F, Govindaraj S, Tran NT. Health service use and health outcomes among international migrant workers compared with non-migrant workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252651. [PMID: 34106987 PMCID: PMC8189512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The review aimed to synthesise recent evidence on health service use and health outcomes among international migrant workers, compared with non-migrant workers. METHODS A search was carried out in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL for studies published between Jan 1, 2010, and Feb 29, 2020. Included outcomes were: occupational health service use, fatal occupational injury, HIV, and depression. Two authors independently screened records, extracted data, assessed risk of bias and judged quality of evidence. We meta-analysed estimates and conducted subgroup analyses by sex, geographical origin, geographical destination, and regularity of migration. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were included comprising >17 million participants in 16 countries. Most studies investigated regular migrant workers in high-income destination countries. Compared with non-migrant workers, migrant workers were less likely to use health services (relative risk 0·55, 95% confidence interval 0·41 to 0·73, 4 studies, 3,804,131 participants, I2 100%, low quality of evidence). They more commonly had occupational injuries (1·27, 95% confidence interval 1·11 to 1·45, 7 studies, 17,100,626 participants, I2 96%, low quality of evidence). Relative risks differed by geographical origin and/or destination. There is uncertainty (very low quality of evidence) about occupational health service use (0 studies), fatal occupational injuries (5 studies, N = 14,210,820), HIV (3 studies, N = 13,775), and depression (2 studies, N = 7,512). CONCLUSIONS Migrant workers may be less likely than non-migrant workers to use health services and more likely to have occupational injuries. More research is required on migrant workers from and in low- and middle-income countries, across migration stages, migrating irregularly, and in the informal economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pega
- Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Srinivasan Govindaraj
- Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nguyen Toan Tran
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wood EA, Wilson KE, Jacobs KD. Exploring the differences between men's and women's perceptions of gender-based violence in rural Tajikistan: a qualitative study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:91. [PMID: 33663473 PMCID: PMC7934274 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Most women living in rural provinces of Tajikistan, specifically Khatlon, experience little to no opportunities for education and economic growth, making them vulnerable to gender-based violence (GBV). Unfortunately due to social norms that are bolstered by a patriarchal society, GBV has become tolerated and even normalized in rural areas. This study looks to investigate the differences in perceptions of violence as it relates to empowerment among men and women in rural Tajikistan. Methods Data collection was done through participatory workshops and semi-structured interviews (SSI) that were led by Extension Home Economists, which lectured on gender, violence, and empowerment. Community Empowerment Drawings is a novel tool that has been used to further gather sensitive information that was not previously discussed. During this process, participant groups were asked to draw their perception of empowered versus disempowered women, later explaining the different characteristics and traits of both. Random participants across both genders were later contacted for a SSI to triangulate the data from the participatory workshops. This qualitative study implemented qualitative content analysis to explore the data inductively. Analysis of the drawings and transcripts from the workshops and SSIs included two researchers coding through an iterative process. Themes were stratified by men’s and women’s perceptions and codebooks were compared to ensure consensus. Results Men and women from 12 villages participated in the Community Empowerment Drawings within each workshop, with 234 participants total. Results were stratified into two categories which were later broken down into notable themes: education, employment, decision-making, marital status, relationship wellness and respect, violence, mental health, and substance abuse. Major findings illustrated how disempowered women were perceived to have more exposure to men who experience alcohol abuse. This study found that differences in perceptions of empowerment between men and women remain—with men still holding onto the traditional power structure within a household and women challenging gender roles and mobility. Conclusion Future studies may find engaging communities through drawings will yield more information regarding sensitive topics rather than traditional instruments. More support and advocacy are needed in areas of mental, neurological, and substance abuse disorders throughout rural Tajikistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Wood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, P.O. Box 100182, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0182, USA.
| | - Karina E Wilson
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, P.O. Box 100182, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0182, USA
| | - K D Jacobs
- Social and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, P.O. Box 100182, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0182, USA
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Devkota HR, Bhandari B, Adhikary P. Perceived mental health, wellbeing and associated factors among Nepali male migrant and non-migrant workers: A qualitative study. J Migr Health 2020; 3:100013. [PMID: 34405181 PMCID: PMC8352157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor mental health and illness among the working population have serious socioeconomic and public health consequences for both the individual and society/country. With a dramatic increase in work migration over the past decades, there is recent concern about the health and wellbeing of migrant workers and their accessibility to healthcare services in destination countries. This study aimed to explore the mental health and wellbeing experiences of Nepali male returnee-migrants and non-migrant workers, and their perceptions about risk factors for poor health and health service accessibility. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted among Nepali migrant and non-migrant workers in February 2020. Four focus group discussions comprising 25 men and a total of 15 in-depth interviews were conducted with male non-migrant and returnee migrant workers from Gulf countries and Malaysia. The discussions and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated into English and analysed thematically. RESULT Migrant workers reported a higher risk of developing adverse mental health conditions than non-migrant workers. In addition, fever, upper respiratory infection, abdominal pain, ulcer, and occupational injuries were common health problems among both migrant and non-migrant workers. Other major illnesses reported by the migrant workers were heat burns and rashes, snake-bites, dengue, malaria, gallstone, kidney failure, and sexually transmitted diseases, while non-migrants reported hypertension, diabetes, and heart diseases. Adverse living and working conditions including exploitation and abuse by employers, lack of privacy and congested accommodation, language barriers, long hours' hard physical work without breaks, and unhealthy lifestyles were the contributing factors to migrant workers' poor mental and physical health. Both migrant and non-migrants reported poor compliance of job conditions and labor protection by their employers such as application of safety measures at work, provision of insurance and healthcare facilities that affected for their wellbeing negatively. Family problems compounded by constant financial burdens and unmet expectations were the most important factors linked with migrant workers' poor mental health. CONCLUSION Both migrant and non-migrant workers experienced poor mental and physical health, largely affected by their adverse living and working conditions, unmet familial and financial needs and unhealthy life styles. Greater compliance is needed by employers of work agreements and the promotion of labor rights for worker's health and safety. In addition, policy interventions to raise awareness about occupational health risks and effective safety training for all workers (migrant and non-migrant) are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridaya Raj Devkota
- Institute for Social and Environmental Research Nepal (ISER-N), Nepal
- Community Support Association of Nepal (COSAN), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Pratik Adhikary
- Institute for Social and Environmental Research Nepal (ISER-N), Nepal
- School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, USA
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Mota P, Saez M, Selby K, Bodenmann P. Longitudinal panel data study of self-rated health among migrants in French-speaking Switzerland, 2003-2017. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035812. [PMID: 32792430 PMCID: PMC7430401 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have documented poorer health among migrants than natives of several European countries, but little is known for Switzerland. We assessed the association between country of birth, socioeconomic factors and self-reported health (SRH) in a prospective cohort of adults living in Lausanne, Switzerland. METHODS We used the data from the Colaus panel data study for three periods: 2003-2006 (n=6733), 2009-2012 (n=5064) and 2014-2017 (n=4555) corresponding to 35% of the source population. The response variable was SRH. Main explanatory variables were socioeconomic status, educational level, professional status, income, gender, age and years in Switzerland. The main covariate was country of birth, dichotomised as born in Switzerland or not. We specified random effects logistic regressions and used Bayesian methods for the inference. RESULTS Being born outside of Switzerland was not associated with worse SRH (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52 to 2.31). Several other patient variables were, however, predictive of poor health. Educational level was inversely associated with the risk of reporting poor health. Monthly household income showed a gradient where higher income was associated with lower odds of reporting poor SRH, for both for migrants and non-migrants. Migrant women had lower odds of reporting poor SRH than men (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.98). Migrant people living in couple have less risk of reporting poor SRH than people who live alone and the risk is lower for migrant people living in couple with children (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.80). DISCUSSION Migrant status was not associated with poorer SRH. However, differences in SRH were observed based on gender, age and several social determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Mota
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, Unisante, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Kevin Selby
- Department the Policlinics, Unisante, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bodenmann
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, Unisante, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
- Department the Policlinics, Unisante, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
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Shakya P, Sawada T, Zhang H, Kitajima T. Factors associated with access to HIV testing among international students in Japanese language schools in Tokyo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235659. [PMID: 32614904 PMCID: PMC7332052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Japan has been recognized for its excellent universal health coverage system. However, the migrant population faces many barriers in accessing health services in Japan. Japan hosts around 260,000 international students, mostly from developing countries. Among them, language school students tripled from 2011 to 2017, against the backdrop of labor shortage in Japan. Most of these students are also engaged as cheap laborers and are vulnerable populations with poor access to health services. Several socio-economic and behavioral factors may increase their vulnerability to HIV and prevent them from accessing HIV testing in Japan. We examined the factors associated with access to HIV testing among international students in language schools in Tokyo. We conducted a cross-sectional study among international students studying in Japanese language schools in Tokyo. We collected data from 769 Chinese, Vietnamese, and Nepalese students using a self-administered questionnaire. We measured their access to HIV testing through questions on their knowledge of where to receive HIV testing and utilization of HIV testing. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Nepalese students were less likely to know where to receive HIV testing in Japan than Chinese students (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.01–0.96). Students who did not need Japanese language interpreters during visits to health facilities were more likely to know where to receive HIV testing (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.14–3.25). Students who did not have knowledge of free and anonymous HIV testing in Japan were also less likely to know where to receive HIV testing in Japan (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.08–0.42). Students who did not have knowledge of free and anonymous HIV testing (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.10) and who had not utilized HIV testing in their home country (OR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.06–0.27) were less likely to utilize HIV testing in Japan. Factors associated with access to HIV testing among Japanese language school students in Tokyo are nationality, need for Japanese language interpreters, perceived access to doctors/health workers, utilization of HIV testing in the home country, and knowledge of free and anonymous HIV testing. These findings may help to design interventions for improving access to HIV testing among international students in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Shakya
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of International Co-operation Studies, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Sawada
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Minatomachi Medical Centre, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Graduate School of International Co-operation Studies, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kitajima
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of International Co-operation Studies, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang L, Chen H, Ye B, Gao J, Dai J, Wang F, Fu H. Mental health and self-rated health status of internal migrant workers and the correlated factors analysis in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Int Health 2020; 11:S45-S54. [PMID: 31670822 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 to investigate the mental health status of internal migrant workers (IMWs) in Shanghai to understand basic information and the mental health status of IMWs. METHODS The total number of IMWs in the study was 4793 and 4648 questionnaires were valid. We used χ2 test, t test, analysis of variance, linear regression and logistic regression to analyse the data. RESULTS Mental health, represented by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score (≥10), was significantly correlated with self-rated income-expenditure status, living with family, job type and alcohol use. The total depression prevalence of IMWs in this study was 20.1%. Subjective well-being (SWB) was significantly correlated with marital status, educational attainment, self-reported income-expenditure status, living with family and job type. Those who were female, had a high school education or above, self-reported inadequate income, did not live with family, had poor self-rated health and had moderate or severe depression were more likely to have lower SWB. Promoting the mental health of IMWs also benefited their physical health. CONCLUSIONS Chinese migrant workers who were younger, had insufficient self-rated income, had worse self-reported health, used alcohol and were unmarried had a high risk of mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Clinical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junming Dai
- Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Politics, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Abstract
Migrant workers show an increase in the incidence of serious, psychotic, anxiety, and post-traumatic disorders due to a series of socio-environmental variables, such as loss of social status, discrimination, and separations from the family. The purpose is to elaborate a systematic review and highlight the prevailing psychological pathologies of these workers and categories most at risk. Our research included articles published from 2009 to 2019 on the major databases (Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) using a combination of some keywords. The online search indicated 1.228 references. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, we analyzed 127 articles, in particular 12 reviews and 115 original articles. Principal emerging disorders from the research are depressive syndrome (poor concentration at work, feeling down, or anger and somatization), anxiety, alcohol or substance abuse, and poor sleep quality. This causes low life conditions, which is also due to marginalization from the social context and strenuous work; in fact, migrant workers may suffer verbal or physical abuse, and they are often employed in dangerous, unhealthy jobs. It is therefore essential to increase the role of occupational medicine and promote wellbeing for this vulnerable job category.
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Shen Q, Shi Y, Zhang S, Tsamlag L, Wang H, Chang R, Peng Z, Wang Y, Shang M, Cai Y. How involuntary subordination and social support influence the association between self-esteem and depression: a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:390. [PMID: 31829195 PMCID: PMC6907199 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, young migrants are at elevated risk of mental health problems, such as depression. The influence of self-esteem on depression is well acknowledged. We examined correlates of depression and their mediating and moderating role in the association between self-esteem and depression to promote a better understanding of depression prevention among young migrants. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among young Chinese migrants. A moderated mediation model was used to test the combined effect of involuntary subordination and social support on the association between self-esteem and depression. The Johnson-Neyman method was used to identify the range of scores for which social support acted as a moderator. RESULTS A total of 572 participants completed questionnaires. The median depression score was 19 (interquartile range: 14). Self-esteem had a negative effect on involuntary subordination (β = - 2.1440, p < 0.001). Involuntary subordination (β = 0.2406, p < 0.001), self-esteem (β = - 0.3870, p < 0.01), and social support (β = - 0.1221, p < 0.01) all had significant effects on depression. The effect of involuntary subordination on depression was moderated by social support (β = - 0.0041, p < 0.05), and the effect decreased as social support scores increased. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a mediating role of involuntary subordination and a moderating role of social support in the association between self-esteem and depression among young Chinese migrants. Future intervention strategies should focus on these factors to reduce depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Shen
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lhakpa Tsamlag
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huwen Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Chang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihe Peng
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meili Shang
- Sanlin Community Health Service Center, No.375, Sanlin Road, Shanghai, 200126 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
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Chen H, Wang L, Wei Y, Ye B, Dai J, Gao J, Wang F, Fu H. The Potential Psychological Mechanism of Subjective Well-Being in Migrant Workers: A Structural Equation Models Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2229. [PMID: 31238592 PMCID: PMC6617093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the potential psychological mechanism of well-being in migrants in Shanghai, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. First, a literature review was conducted to understand the salutogenesis of migrants in China. Then, 2573 random participants were recruited from six workplaces and public places in six districts of Shanghai. The Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI), and the Sense of Coherence (SOC) Scale were used to evaluate the depression, subjective well-being (SWB), and SOC of migrants. The t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression and structural equation models (SEM) were used to analyze the correlations and paths among generalized resistant resources (GRRs), SOC, PHQ, and SWB. Results: The subjects were aged between 18 and 58 (mean, 28.17; SD, 6.99). SOC showed a positive correlation with SWB (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation to PHQ (r = -0.53, p < 0.001). After controlling for the demographic characteristics, we found that PHQ, SOC (comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness), and GRRs (income ratio, marital status) contributed 33.3% of the variance in SWB, and their linear regression coefficients were: -0.32 (p < 0.001), 0.09 (p < 0.001), 0.09 (p < 0.001), 0.15 (p < 0.001), 0.06 (p < 0.05), and 0.16 (p < 0.05), respectively. These findings not only confirmed the direct association among SOC, PHQ and SWB, but also verified two underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating effect of SOC by using SEM: (1) GRRs (income ratio, marital status) are positively associated with a higher SOC, which further contributes to favorable SWB; and (2) PHQ is negatively associated with poor SWB indirectly via SOC. Conclusion: Migrant workers with low SOC and high PHQ are vulnerable to poor well-being levels. Meanwhile, GRRs (income ratio, marital status) may strengthen the SOC level, and can be regarded as the basis of intervention. Further investigation may be needed to focus on external psychological support factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Yanxia Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junming Dai
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Politics, School of Humanities and Social Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Hua Fu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Depressive Symptoms and Migrant Worker Wages: Estimation Based on a Nationally-Representative Panel Dataset. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16061009. [PMID: 30897747 PMCID: PMC6466155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, migrant workers, defined as people who move from Chinese rural areas to cities in other parts of the country to find work, have experienced slowed wage growth. An important question that has emerged is whether depressive symptoms have a significant relationship with migrant worker wages. This paper uses a nationally representative panel dataset to examine the overall association of depressive symptoms and migrant worker wages in China and explores the indirect mechanisms through which these impacts occur. Using the Coarsened Exact Matching method, our results show that depressive symptoms have a significant direct negative relationship with migrant worker wages, and that this relationship is consistent. Furthermore, we also find that depressive symptoms can reduce migrant worker wages indirectly by increasing the frequency of job conversion or by shortening work duration.
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Paulone S, Ivlevs A. Emigration and alcohol consumption among migrant household members staying behind: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan. Soc Sci Med 2018; 221:40-48. [PMID: 30554062 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growth of alcohol consumption and international migration in many developing countries, the links between the two remain underexplored. We study the relationship between emigration of household members, receiving remittances (migrant monetary transfers), and alcohol consumption of migrant household members staying behind in Kyrgyzstan, a poor post-socialist country that has recently witnessed both large-scale emigration and a rise in alcohol-related health problems. Using a large longitudinal survey, we find that, among the ethnic majority (Kyrgyz), an increase in migrant remittances is associated with a higher likelihood and frequency of consuming alcohol, as well as an increase in the consumption of beer. Among ethnic Russians, the emigration of family members who do not send remittances back home is associated with an increased likelihood and frequency of alcohol consumption. We discuss possible mechanisms through which emigration and remittances may affect the alcohol consumption of those staying behind, including the relaxation of budget constraints and psychological distress. Overall, our findings suggest that the emigration of household members contribute to a greater alcohol consumption among those staying behind, and highlight the role of remittances and cultural background in understanding the nuances in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artjoms Ivlevs
- University of the West of England, UK; Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Germany.
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Meyer SR, Robinson WC, Branchini C, Abshir N, Mar AA, Decker MR. Gender Differences in Violence and Other Human Rights Abuses Among Migrant Workers on the Thailand–Myanmar Border. Violence Against Women 2018; 25:945-967. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801218805587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe human rights violations against migrant workers at the Thailand–Myanmar border, and evaluate differences by gender and industry. This mixed methods study pairs key informant interviews ( n = 40) with a cross-sectional quantitative survey of migrant workers from Myanmar ( n = 589) recruited via respondent-driven sampling. Key informants described significant hazards during migration, including deception, theft, and physical and sexual abuse, the latter primarily for women. Quantitative results confirmed prevalent mistreatment and abuse, with significant gender differences, most notably women’s disproportionate burden of sexual abuse. Current evidence on the nature of experiences, and significant differences by gender, can position prevention and response programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Casey Branchini
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hidaka T, Kakamu T, Endo S, Sato S, Masuishi Y, Kumagai T, Nakano S, Koyama K, Fukushima T. Life in company dormitories and a career change are associated with anxiety over lack of privacy among radiation decontamination workers in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. J Occup Health 2018; 60:361-368. [PMID: 30058610 PMCID: PMC6176026 DOI: 10.1539/joh.2018-0007-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to obtain knowledge for improvement of the housing and life among radiation decontamination workers by examining the effect of housing type on anxiety over lack of privacy. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 544 male radiation decontamination workers in Fukushima Prefecture who anonymously answered self-administered questionnaires in 2013, including measurement of privacy anxiety, housing type, career change, social support, and sociodemographics. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the associations between these factors and anxiety over lack of privacy. RESULTS The number of workers who had anxiety over lack of privacy was 93 (17.1%), and the number of workers who were living in owner-occupied housing, rental housing, company dormitories, and hotels was 165 (30.3%), 177 (32.5%), 168 (30.9%), and 34 (6.3%), respectively. The presence of anxiety was significantly associated with housing type (p <0.001), a career change (p = 0.005), and the location of the worker's previous residence (p <0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that life in a company dormitory and a career change were separately associated with anxiety over lack of privacy (p <0.001 and p <0.027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found that anxiety among radiation decontamination workers over lack of privacy increased if they lived in company dormitories or had changed careers to become a radiation decontamination worker. These findings demonstrate the need to improve occupational mental health management, with an intensive focus on the residential environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Hidaka
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Takeyasu Kakamu
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Shota Endo
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Sei Sato
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Yusuke Masuishi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Tomohiro Kumagai
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
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Shakya P, Tanaka M, Shibanuma A, Jimba M. Nepalese migrants in Japan: What is holding them back in getting access to healthcare? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203645. [PMID: 30192873 PMCID: PMC6128622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Migrants are one of the most deprived and vulnerable groups who receive the least health services in the society. Only a few studies have been conducted on access to healthcare among migrants in Asia, despite hosting 75 million migrants. In Japan, Nepalese migrants constitute the largest South Asian community. Their number increased by three folds from 2011 to 2016. However, little is known about their access to health care in Japan. Based on Andersen's model, we examined the factors associated with access to healthcare among Nepalese migrants in Japan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 642 Nepalese migrants residing in 10 prefectures of Japan. We used multivariable logistic regression model to explore the key predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with access to healthcare among the migrants. Results The migrants who had stayed in Japan longer were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.19).The migrants were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.17–2.73) when they did not need Japanese language interpreter during visit to health facilities. They were also less likely not to see a doctor/health worker when needed (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.56). The migrants were less likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker when they had not paid the health insurance premium regularly (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.13–0.33).Their low perception of better access to a doctor/health worker was also associated with self-rated health status as poor or fair (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.89). Conclusion Nepalese migrants have poor access to health care in Japan. The key factors associated with their access to health care are the length of stay (predisposing factor), Japanese language skill and health insurance (enabling factors) and self-rated health status (need factor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Shakya
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Faculty of Global Studies, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shibanuma
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Leung DDM, Tang EYT. Correlates of life satisfaction among Southeast Asian foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong: An exploratory study. ASIAN AND PACIFIC MIGRATION JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0117196818789736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Live-in foreign domestic workers (FDWs) are a special group in Hong Kong, where they account for approximately 4 percent of Hong Kong’s population. FDWs’ level of life satisfaction (LS) and its correlates have been under-researched thus far. This study examined data from 130 participants and sought to determine the effect of perceived social support, self-esteem and demographic characteristics on LS. The results showed that being married was negatively associated with LS while self-esteem was not a significant factor. The findings suggest the importance of providing support to FDWs to enhance their LS.
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Zhong BL, Liu TB, Chan SSM, Jin D, Hu CY, Dai J, Chiu HFK. Common mental health problems in rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shenzhen, China: prevalence and risk factors. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2018; 27:256-265. [PMID: 28067189 PMCID: PMC6998856 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796016001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rural-to-urban migrant workers are a large marginalised population in urban China. Prevalence estimates of common mental health problems (CMHPs) in previous studies varied widely and very few studies have investigated migration-related factors of CMHPs in migrant workers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of CMHPs among Chinese migrant workers. METHODS A random sample of 3031 migrant workers of ten manufacturing factories in Shenzhen, China, completed a standardised questionnaire containing socio-demographic and migration-related variables and the Chinese 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A GHQ-12 score of three or higher was used to denote the presence of CMHPs. RESULTS The prevalence of CMHPs was 34.4% in Chinese migrant workers. In multiple logistic regression, risk factors for CMHPs included being 16-25 years old (odd ratio [OR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28, 2.12), being 26-35 years old (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.75), low monthly income (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.04, 1.92), poor living condition (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.54), physical illness in the past 2 weeks (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.43, 2.05), having worked in many cities (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03, 1.74), infrequently visiting hometown (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.22, 1.99), poor Mandarin proficiency (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.13, 2.01), a low level of perceived benefits of migration (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14, 1.55) and working more than 8 h/day (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14, 1.70). CONCLUSIONS CMHPs are very prevalent among Chinese migrant workers. Given the large number of Chinese migrant workers, there is an urgent need to address the mental health burden of China's migrant worker population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. L. Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - T. B. Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - S. S. M. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - D. Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - C. Y. Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - J. Dai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - H. F. K. Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Social Support and HIV Risks Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Market Workers in Almaty, Kazakhstan. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 19:809-817. [PMID: 27832474 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Migration processes are listed within the primary factors facilitating the heterosexual spread of HIV. The study examines the relationship between social support, sexual HIV risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 1342 male migrant and non-migrant market workers from Barakholka Market in Almaty, Kazakhstan. RESULTS (1) higher level of perceived social support [Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) Social Support Instrument (ESSI score)] was associated with a lower likelihood of having sex with a female sex worker (FSW) [OR = 0.952 (0.927, 0.978) p < .001]; (2) higher availability of friends was associated with a higher likelihood of having STIs [OR = 1.244 (1.007, 1.537), p < .05]; (3) larger network size was associated with a higher likelihood of having STIs [OR = 1.201 (1.026, 1.407), p < .05]; (4) loneliness was associated with an increased likelihood of having unprotected sex with any female partner [RR = 1.102 (1.027, 1.182), p < .05]. Results suggest that social support factors should be considered as a component of HIV and STI prevention programs for male migrant workers from Central Asia in Kazakhstan.
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Atramentova L, Luchko E, Filiptsova O. Impact of migration on the expression of aggression and empathy in urban populations. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kumparatana P, Cournos F, Terlikbayeva A, Rozental Y, Gilbert L. Factors associated with self-rated health among migrant workers: results from a population-based cross-sectional study in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Int J Public Health 2017; 62:541-550. [PMID: 28233019 PMCID: PMC5429909 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-0944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine factors associated with SRH among migrant workers in Almaty, Kazakhstan. METHODS In 2007, 805 vendors were screened. Approximately half were eligible (n =450), defined as at least 18 years old, a worker/owner in a randomly selected stall, having traveled 2 + hours outside of Almaty within the past year, and being an internal/external migrant. 28 non-migrants were excluded, leaving 422 participants. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between SRH, mental health, and psychosocial problems. RESULTS Approximately 46% reported having poor or fair SRH. Clinical depression (OR 0.859, 95% CI 0.342-2.154), alcohol problems (OR 1.169, 95% CI 0.527-2.593), and legal status (OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.806-1.229) were not significantly associated with SRH, nor was exposure to interpersonal violence among women (OR 1.554, 95% CI 0.703-3.435). After adjusting for key variables, only ethnicity and social support were found to be significantly protective against poor or fair SRH. CONCLUSIONS SRH was not a comprehensive health measure for these Central Asian migrant workers. More specific questions are needed to identify mental illness and interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Kumparatana
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Francine Cournos
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Assel Terlikbayeva
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia (GHRCCA), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yelena Rozental
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia (GHRCCA), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Meyer SR, Lasater M, Tol WA. Migration and Mental Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Psychiatry 2017; 80:374-381. [PMID: 29466103 PMCID: PMC6594379 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2017.1354608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rural-to-urban migration within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and migration from one LMIC to another, are prevalent forms of international migration. Migration may be associated with adverse mental health outcomes. The aim of the current study is to systematically review the literature on migration and mental health between and within LMICs. METHODS This systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and PILOTS, identified 2,818 total records published between 1991 and 2016, with 139 of these assessed for eligibility. Two authors reviewed full text to assess if they met inclusion criteria, extracted data, and applied a quality assessment to all included studies. RESULTS The search identified 37 articles that met the inclusion criteria, based on 28 separate studies. All studies apart from one were cross-sectional studies, and studies utilized a range of sampling methods. In all, 19 of these studies were conducted in China. Studies addressed a range of mental health outcomes, and variation in prevalence was reported. Research questions addressed determinants of mental health outcomes, including analysis of risk and protective factors, such as social, cultural, and economic determinants; migration-related risk factors; and substance use. CONCLUSIONS Limitations in study design and methodological rigor of studies indicate a limited evidence base concerning migration and mental health in LMICs. Expansion of research to different regions, utilization of adapted and validated measurement instruments, and longitudinal research could significantly strengthen the evidence base.
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Shaw SA, El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Terlikbayeva A, Hunt T, Primbetova S, Rozental Y, Chang M. Depression Among People Who Inject Drugs and Their Intimate Partners in Kazakhstan. Community Ment Health J 2016; 52:1047-1056. [PMID: 25963238 PMCID: PMC4643466 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-015-9883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines individual, social, and structural factors associated with depression among 728 people who inject drugs (PWID) and their intimate partners in Kazakhstan, with separate multivariate models by gender. Depression scores were higher on average among participants of both genders who recently experienced sexual intimate partner violence, food insecurity, and who had lower levels of self-rated health. Among females, higher depression scores were associated with experiencing childhood sexual abuse, lower levels of social support, and not having children. Findings highlight a need to incorporate gender differences and factors associated with depression in designing mental health services for PWID in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Shaw
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, 809, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, 809, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, 809, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Assel Terlikbayeva
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Tim Hunt
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, 809, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sholpan Primbetova
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Yelena Rozental
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Mingway Chang
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, 809, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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The Association Between Social Resources and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Migrants and Non-Migrants Living in Guangzhou, China. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/prp.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression is a commonly studied mental disorder affecting Chinese internal (i.e., rural-to-urban) migrants. Social resources effectively reduce depression for many communities experiencing adversities. This study evaluated social-level risk factors for depression between internal migrant and non-migrant Chinese living in mainland China. Method: We conducted a random population-level survey among migrants and local residents living in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. We used items from the Social Support Rating Scale to measure social resource dimensions, including social network size, emotional support, structural social capital, and one (self-developed) item that measured belonging (an element of social cohesion). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measured depression. Correlation and regression analyses of the partial sample ( n = 678) were conducted to estimate the association between social resources and depression for migrants ( n = 383) and non-migrants ( n = 295). Results: Stratified regression analysis demonstrated that for migrants, greater belonging was associated with less depression, while age and larger friendship social network size was related to less depression among non-migrants. Conclusion: Differences emerged in our sample with regard to the types of social resources that are protective against depression between migrants and non-migrants. Interventions that provide opportunities for migrants to better integrate and feel welcomed into their new communities may reduce their depression symptoms.
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Zhong BL, Liu TB, Chan SSM, Jin D, Hu CY, Dai J, Chiu HFK. Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shenzhen, China. J Affect Disord 2015; 183:1-9. [PMID: 25989590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, rural-to-urban migrant workers (MWs) are a large and vulnerable population that may be at high risk for depression, but previous studies focused on depressive symptoms of MWs and no study has investigated the epidemiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of one-month and lifetime MDD among MWs in Shenzhen, China, and mental health services utilization of MWs with lifetime MDD. METHODS A total of 3031 MWs were recruited from 10 manufacturing factories and interviewed with the Chinese version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTS The one-month and lifetime prevalence rates of MDD were 1.39% (95% CI: 0.97%, 1.80%) and 5.08% (95% CI: 4.30%, 5.86%), respectively. No significant gender and age-group differences were found in these rates. The risk factors for lifetime MDD included lower education, worse living condition, poorer self-perceived physical health, migration before adulthood, infrequently calling family members, and having done lots of jobs. Only 3.25% of the respondents with lifetime MDD had sought professional help prior to the interview. LIMITATIONS The MW sample was selected from manufacturing factories, we should be cautious in generalizing our findings to MWs of other industries. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the Chinese general population, MWs may have a similar prevalence of MDD, but the rate of lifetime mental health services use of MWs with lifetime MDD is extremely low. MDD is a major public health concern for this population. There is an urgent need to improve mental health services for MWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Liang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tie-Bang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Sandra S M Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dong Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chi-Yi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jing Dai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Helen F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Schweitzer A, Krause G, Pessler F, Akmatov MK. Improved coverage and timing of childhood vaccinations in two post-Soviet countries, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:798. [PMID: 26285702 PMCID: PMC4545703 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timing of childhood vaccinations has received close attention in many countries. Little is known about the trends in correctly timed vaccination in former Soviet countries. We examined trends in vaccination coverage and correct timing of vaccination in two post-Soviet countries, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, and analyzed factors associated with delayed vaccinations. METHODS We used data from the Demographic and Health Surveys; the surveys were conducted in 2000 (n = 1726), 2005 (n = 1430) and 2010 (n = 1473) in Armenia and in 1997 (n = 1127) and 2012 (n = 4363) in Kyrgyzstan. We applied the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate age-specific vaccination coverage with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine and a measles-containing vaccine (MCV). A Cox proportional hazard regression with shared frailty was used to examine factors associated with delayed vaccinations. RESULTS Vaccination coverage for all three doses of the DTP vaccine increased in Armenia from 92 % in 2000 to 96 % in 2010. In Kyrgyzstan, DTP coverage was 96 % and 97 % in 1997 and 2012, respectively. Vaccination coverage for MCV increased from 89 % (Armenia, 2000) and 93 % (Kyrgyzstan, 1997) to 97 % (Armenia, 2010) and 98 % (Kyrgyzstan, 2012). The proportion of children with correctly timed vaccinations increased over time for all examined vaccinations in both countries. For example, the proportion of children in Armenia with correctly timed first DTP dose (DTP1) increased from 46 % (2000) to 66 % (2010). In Kyrgyzstan, the proportion of correctly timed DTP1 increased from 75 % (1997) to 87 % (2012). In Armenia, delays in the third DTP dose (DTP3) and MCV vaccinations were less likely to occur in the capital, whereas in Kyrgyzstan DTP3 and MCV start was delayed in the capital compared to other regions of the country. Also, in Armenia living in urban areas was associated with delayed vaccinations. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination coverage and timing of vaccination improved over the last years in both countries. Further efforts are needed to reduce regional differences in timely vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schweitzer
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - G Krause
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - F Pessler
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
| | - M K Akmatov
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
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