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Khan IU, Jamil Y, Khan A, Ahmad J, Iqbal A, Ali S, Hamayun M, Hussain A, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH, Ahmad A. Pichia pastoris Mediated Digestion of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Cress Seed Mucilage Produces Potent Antidiabetic Oligosaccharides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:704. [PMID: 38931372 PMCID: PMC11206588 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder that poses significant health and economic challenges across the globe. Polysaccharides, found abundantly in edible plants, hold promise for managing diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels (BGL) and insulin resistance. However, most of these polysaccharides cannot be digested or absorbed directly by the human body. Here we report the production of antidiabetic oligosaccharides from cress seed mucilage polysaccharides using yeast fermentation. The water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from cress seed mucilage were precipitated using 75% ethanol and fermented with Pichia pastoris for different time intervals. The digested saccharides were fractionated through gel permeation chromatography using a Bio Gel P-10 column. Structural analysis of the oligosaccharide fractions revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose and arabinose. Oligosaccharide fractions exhibited the potential to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The fraction DF73 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against α-amylase with IC50 values of 38.2 ± 1.12 µg/mL, compared to the positive control, acarbose, having an IC50 value of 29.18 ± 1.76 µg/mL. Similarly, DF72 and DF73 showed the highest inhibition of α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 9.26 ± 2.68 and 50.47 ± 5.18 µg/mL, respectively. In in vivo assays in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, these oligosaccharides significantly reduced BGL and improved lipid profiles compared to the reference drug metformin. Histopathological observations of mouse livers indicated the cytoprotective effects of these sugars. Taken together, our results suggest that oligosaccharides produced through microbial digestion of polysaccharides extracted from cress seed mucilage have the potential to reduce blood glucose levels, possibly through inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and regulation of the various signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imdad Ullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (Y.J.); (A.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Yusra Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (Y.J.); (A.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Aiman Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (Y.J.); (A.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Jalwa Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (Y.J.); (A.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (I.U.K.); (Y.J.); (A.K.); (J.A.)
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Chen Q, Wu Z, Shi Y, Li Z, Yang J, Qu M, Zhang S, Wang Z, Ji N, Li J, Shen Y, Xie L, Chen Q. Loss of PA28γ exacerbates imbalanced differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells during bone formation and bone healing in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:326-340. [PMID: 38477820 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Proteasome activator subunit 3 (PA28γ) is a member of the proteasome activator family, which mainly regulates the degradation and stability of proteins. Studies have shown that it plays crucial roles in lipid formation, stemness maintenance, and blood vessel formation. However, few studies have clarified the association between PA28γ and bone diseases. Herein, we identified PA28γ as a previously unknown regulator of bone homeostasis that coordinates bone formation and lipid accumulation. PA28γ-knockout mice presented with the characteristics of low bone mass and accumulation of lipids. Suppressed expression of PA28γ restrained the osteogenic differentiation and enhanced the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Overexpression of PA28γ promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, PA28γ interacted with Wnt5α, and the two interactors appeared to be positively correlated. PA28γ mainly activated the downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which affects BMSCs differentiation homeostasis. Deletion of Wnt5α significantly delayed the promotion of osteogenic differentiation and partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the PA28γ-overexpressing group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PA28γ-knockout mice had an inhibited rate of bone healing in a drill-hole femoral bone defect model in vivo. Therefore, our results confirm the effects of PA28γ on bone formation and bone defect repair, indicating that PA28γ mainly interacts with Wnt5α to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulating BMSCs differentiation homeostasis. Our results reveal the function of PA28γ in bone diseases and provide a new theoretical basis for expanding the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - ZuPing Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - YuJie Shi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - ZaiYe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - JiaKang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - MoYuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - ShiYu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - YingQiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
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Brito-Júnior M, Silva-Sousa YTC, Pereira RD, Camilo CC, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Lopes-Olhê FC, Sousa-Neto MD. An automated method to analyze root filling voids and gaps using confocal microscopy images. Odontology 2024; 112:546-551. [PMID: 37803215 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility of an automated method to delimit the required area to quantitatively analyze root filling voids and gaps from cross-sectional confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images. Root canals of maxillary canines were prepared with rotary instruments and filled by lateral compaction technique using gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The roots were stored (100% humidity, 37 °C) for a period of 24 h and then transversally sectioned to obtain 2-mm-thick slices from the apical and middle thirds. The areas corresponding to filling materials, gaps, and voids were manually delimited or automatically demarked by ImageJ software after converting the images to the RGB color system. Based on manual and automatic delimitations, the percentages of voids and gaps were calculated. Data of voids and gaps between middle and apical thirds were individually compared by paired t-test. Pearson`s correlation test was used to assess the correlation of data between the methods. Irrespective of the method of area delimitation, no difference was observed between the root thirds for both voids and gaps, while the p-values calculated for each method were similar. Almost perfect correlations between the methods were observed for both outcomes. The proposed method to automatically delimit the areas corresponding to filling material, voids, and gaps appears to be a valid method to facilitate the quantitative analysis of defects in root canal fillings using topographic CSLM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Brito-Júnior
- Department of Dentistry, UNIMONTES - State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Dantas Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, UNIMONTES - State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Camilo
- Department of Dentistry, UNIMONTES - State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Manoel D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14024-070, Brazil.
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de Lima JF, Teixeira FME, Ramos YÁL, de Carvalho GC, Castelo Branco ACC, Pereira NV, Sotto MN, Aoki V, Sato MN, Orfali RL. Outlining the skin-homing and circulating CLA +NK cells in patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2663. [PMID: 38302650 PMCID: PMC10834414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex, multifactorial skin disease, characterized by pruritus and predominant Th2 inflammation. Innate immune cells may play a role in AD development and are composed of granulocytes, macrophages, innate-like T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. This study investigates the phenotypic and functional profile of circulating CLA+ natural killer (NK) cells and its role in the skin-homing to NK cells infiltrated in adults' skin with AD. We selected 44 AD patients and 27 non-AD volunteers for the study. The results showed increased frequencies of both CLA+CD56bright and CLA+CD56dim NK cell populations in the peripheral blood, mainly in severe AD patients. Upon SEB stimulation, we observed an augmented percentage of CLA+CD56dim NK cells expressing CD107a, IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF, reinforcing the role of staphylococcal enterotoxins in AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we demonstrated increased dermal expression of both NK cell markers NCAM-1/CD56 and pan-granzyme, corroborating the skin-homing, mostly in severe AD. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the potential role of NK cells in the chronification of the inflammatory process in AD skin, as well as their possible relationship with staphylococcal enterotoxins, and as practicable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Costa de Carvalho
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Mírian Nacagami Sotto
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Valéria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Raquel Leao Orfali
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil.
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Tzenaki N, Xenou L, Goulielmaki E, Tsapara A, Voudouri I, Antoniou A, Valianatos G, Tzardi M, De Bree E, Berdiaki A, Makrigiannakis A, Papakonstanti EA. A combined opposite targeting of p110δ PI3K and RhoA abrogates skin cancer. Commun Biol 2024; 7:26. [PMID: 38182748 PMCID: PMC10770346 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide whereas SCC is the second most common non-melanoma human skin cancer with limited treatment options. Here we show that the development and metastasis of melanoma and SCC cancers can be blocked by a combined opposite targeting of RhoA and p110δ PI3K. We found that a targeted induction of RhoA activity into tumours by deletion of p190RhoGAP-a potent inhibitor of RhoA GTPase-in tumour cells together with adoptive macrophages transfer from δD910A/D910A mice in mice bearing tumours with active RhoA abrogated growth progression of melanoma and SCC tumours. Τhe efficacy of this combined treatment is the same in tumours lacking activating mutations in BRAF and in tumours harbouring the most frequent BRAF(V600E) mutation. Furthermore, the efficiency of this combined treatment is associated with decreased ATX expression in tumour cells and tumour stroma bypassing a positive feedback expression of ATX induced by direct ATX pharmacological inactivation. Together, our findings highlight the importance of targeting cancer cells and macrophages for skin cancer therapy, emerge a reverse link between ATX and RhoA and illustrate the benefit of p110δ PI3K inhibition as a combinatorial regimen for the treatment of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lydia Xenou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Goulielmaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anna Tsapara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Voudouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelika Antoniou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Valianatos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eelco De Bree
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
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Samorano LP, Manfrere KCG, Pereira NV, Takaoka R, Valente NYS, Sotto MN, Silva LFF, Sato MN, Aoki V. Methotrexate for refractory adult atopic dermatitis leads to alterations in cutaneous IL-31 and IL-31RA expression. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:72-79. [PMID: 37730501 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative treatment for patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated the effect of MTX on the cutaneous expression of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the inflammatory response in adult AD patients who received treatment with methotrexate for 24 weeks. METHODS The authors conducted a prospective single-institution cohort study with 12 adults with moderate/severe AD who received oral MTX (15 mg/wk for 24 wks) and 10 non-atopic matched controls. The comparison was made of skin biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin, pre- and post MTX treatment. The authors analyzed mean epidermal thickness and expression of IL-31, IL-31RA, OSMR, TSLP, Ki67, IL-4 mRNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TARC, and CCL-22. RESULTS There was a reduction in mean epidermal thickness (p = 0.021), an increase in IL-31RA expression (immunohistochemistry) in the epidermis (p = 0.016) and a decrease in IL-31 gene expression (p = 0.019) on lesional AD skin post-MTX treatment. No significant changes in the cutaneous expression of the other evaluated markers were identified. STUDY LIMITATIONS Small sample size and limited length of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with MTX in adults with moderate/severe AD reduced epidermal hyperplasia and changed the cutaneous expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors that are mainly related to pruritus, including IL-31 and IL-31RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03327116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Paula Samorano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Cristina Gomes Manfrere
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Takaoka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Karperien AL, Jelinek HF. ImageJ in Computational Fractal-Based Neuroscience: Pattern Extraction and Translational Research. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 36:795-814. [PMID: 38468064 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
To explore questions asked in neuroscience, neuroscientists rely heavily on the tools available. One such toolset is ImageJ, open-source, free, biological digital image analysis software. Open-source software has matured alongside of fractal analysis in neuroscience, and today ImageJ is not a niche but a foundation relied on by a substantial number of neuroscientists for work in diverse fields including fractal analysis. This is largely owing to two features of open-source software leveraged in ImageJ and vital to vigorous neuroscience: customizability and collaboration. With those notions in mind, this chapter's aim is threefold: (1) it introduces ImageJ, (2) it outlines ways this software tool has influenced fractal analysis in neuroscience and shaped the questions researchers devote time to, and (3) it reviews a few examples of ways investigators have developed and used ImageJ for pattern extraction in fractal analysis. Throughout this chapter, the focus is on fostering a collaborative and creative mindset for translating knowledge of the fractal geometry of the brain into clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Wang H, Guo Q, Wang M, Liu C, Tian Z. PCSK9 promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration by facilitating CCL25 secretion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:500. [PMID: 37854863 PMCID: PMC10579978 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) serves an important role in maintaining plasma cholesterol levels, and fatty acid metabolism is involved in the progression of various types of cancer. In the present study, the role of PCSK9 in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was investigated. PCSK9 expression was compared between ESCC and normal esophageal epithelial tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, the association between PCSK9 expression and clinical staging and prognosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The effects of PCSK9 overexpression or knockdown on cell proliferation was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. The invasion and migration of cancer cells was assessed using wound healing and Transwell assays. Western blotting was performed to evaluate changes in the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. ELISA was performed to detect the effects of PCSK9 on chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) secretion. The results revealed that PCSK9 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues compared with that in normal esophageal tissues, and the high expression of PCSK9 was associated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, PCSK9 could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, PCSK9 could promote EMT by secreting CCL25. In conclusion, patients with ESCC may benefit from a novel therapeutic strategy based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050010, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050010, P.R. China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050010, P.R. China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050010, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiang Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050010, P.R. China
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Liang K, Guo Z, Zhang S, Chen D, Zou R, Weng Y, Peng C, Xu Z, Zhang J, Liu X, Pang X, Ji Y, Liao D, Lai M, Peng H, Ke Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. GPR37 expression as a prognostic marker in gliomas: a bioinformatics-based analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10146-10167. [PMID: 37837549 PMCID: PMC10599758 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most frequently diagnosed primary brain tumors, and are associated with multiple molecular aberrations during their development and progression. GPR37 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is implicated in different physiological pathways in the brain, and has been linked to various malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between GPR37 gene expression and the clinicopathological factors, patient prognosis, tumor-infiltrating immune cell signature GSEA and methylation levels in glioma. METHODS We explored the diagnostic value, clinical relevance, and molecular function of GPR37 in glioma using TCGA, STRING, cBioPortal, Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and MethSurv databases. Besides, the "ssGSEA" algorithm was conducted to estimate immune cells infiltration abundance, with 'ggplot2' package visualizing the results. Immunohistochemical staining of clinical samples were used to verify the speculations of bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS GPR37 expression was significantly higher in the glioma tissues compared to the normal brain tissues, and was linked to poor prognosis. Functional annotation of GPR37 showed enrichment of ether lipid metabolism, fat digestion and absorption, and histidine metabolism. In addition, GSEA showed that GPR37 was positively correlated to the positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation, negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, and negatively associated with immunoglobulin complex, immunoglobulin complex circulating, ribosome and spliceosome mediated by circulating immunoglobulin etc. TIMER2.0 and ssGSEA showed that GPR37 expression was significantly associated with the infiltration of T cells, CD8 T cell, eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, NK CD56dim cells, NK cells, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), T helper cells and T effector memory (Tem) cells. In addition, high GPR37 expression was positively correlated with increased infiltration of M2 macrophages, which in turn was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, GPR37 was positively correlated with various immune checkpoints (ICPs). Finally, hypomethylation of the GPR37 promoter was associated with its high expression levels and poor prognosis in glioma. CONCLUSION GPR37 had diagnostic and prognostic value in glioma. The possible biological mechanisms of GPR37 provide novel insights into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairong Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Danmin Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Renheng Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yuhao Weng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Chengxiang Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jingbai Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Xiao Pang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yunxiang Ji
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Degui Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Miaoling Lai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Huaidong Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yanbin Ke
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhaotao Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
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10
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Hwang SH, Yang Y, Jung JH, Kim Y. Oleic acid from cancer-associated fibroblast promotes cancer cell stemness by stearoyl-CoA desaturase under glucose-deficient condition. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:404. [PMID: 36514170 PMCID: PMC9746202 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) coordinate the malignancy of cancer cells via secretory materials. Reprogrammed lipid metabolism and signaling play critical roles in cancer biology. Oleic acid (OA) serves as a source of energy under glucose-deficient conditions, but its function in cancer progression remains unclear. The present study investigated that CAFs in xenografted tumors had higher amounts of fatty acids, particularly OA, compared to normal fibroblasts, and promoted the cancer cell stemness in lung adenocarcinoma cells under glucose-deficient condition. METHODS Xenografts were established in immunodeficient mice by injection of NCI-H460 (H460) cells. Lipids and fatty acids were evaluated using the BODIPY staining and fatty-acid methyl esters analysis. The expression levels of markers for lipid metabolism and cancer stemness were determined by western blot, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR. Cancer cell subclones against stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were produced by lentiviral vector and CRISPR/cas9 systems. The expression of SCD was examined immunochemically in human adenocarcinoma tissues, and its clinical relevance to survival rate in lung adenocarcinoma patients was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Transferred CAF-derived OA through lipid transporter upregulated SCD in cancer cells under glucose-deficient conditions, resulting in enhanced lipid metabolism and autophagosome maturation. By OA treatment under glucose deficient condition, cancer cell stemness was significantly enhanced through sequential activation of SCD, F-actin polymerization and nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein. These findings were confirmed by experiments using chemical inhibitors, SCD-overexpressing cells and SCD-knockout (KO) cells. When xenografted, SCD-overexpressing cells produced larger tumors compared with parental cells, while SCD-KO cells generated much smaller tumors. Analysis of tumor tissue microarray from lung adenocarcinoma patients revealed that SCD expression was the marker for poor prognosis involving tumor grade, clinical stage and survival rate. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CAFs-derived OA activated lipid metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma cells under glucose-deficient conditions, subsequently enhancing stemness and progression toward malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Hwang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905BK21 Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Yang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905BK21 Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Jung
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905BK21 Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbaek Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905BK21 Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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11
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Sharmen F, Rahman MA, Ahmed AMA, Siddique TA, Rafi MKJ, Tangpong J. Upregulation of Antioxidative Gene Expression by Lasia spinosa Organic Extract Improves the Predisposing Biomarkers and Tissue Architectures in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Models of Long Evans Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122398. [PMID: 36552606 PMCID: PMC9774390 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are an entity essential to the function of the biosphere as well as human health. In the context of human health, this research investigated the effect of Lasia spinosa (Lour) leaf methanolic extracts (LSML) on antioxidative enzymes and gene expression as well as biochemical and histological markers in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model. Fructose-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals were subjected to a four-week intervention followed by the assessment of the animal’s blood and tissues for enzymatic, biochemical, histological, and genetic changes. LSML-treated groups were shown to decrease plasma glucose levels and improve body and organ weights compared to the untreated group in a dose-dependent manner. At the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg b.w., LSML were able to normalize serum, hepatic, and renal biochemical parameters and restore the pancreas, kidney, liver, and spleen tissue architectures to their native state. A considerable increase (p < 0.01) of liver antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, GSH, and a decrease of MDA level in LSML-treated groups were found at higher doses. The improved mRNA expression level of antioxidant genes CAT, SOD2, PON1, and PFK1 was also found at the doses of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg BW when compared to untreated control groups. The results demonstrate that LSML impacts the upregulation of antioxidative gene expressions, thus improving the diabetic complications in animal models which need to be affirmed by compound-based antioxidative actions for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjana Sharmen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-31-2606001-10 (ext. 4334); Fax: +880-31-726310
| | - A. M. Abu Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahmed Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Khalid Juhani Rafi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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12
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Wu X, Deng C, Su Y, Zhang C, Chen M, Tian K, Wu H, Xu S. The effect of prolonged formalin fixation on the expression of proteins in human brain tissues. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151879. [PMID: 35358895 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues have been widely used in researches. Proteins and nucleic acids in prolonged FFPE tissues display different degrees of degradation. We investigated the effect of prolonged formalin fixation on protein expression in human brain tissues. Twenty-eight middle prefrontal front cortex tissue blocks from human brains prefixed in formalin were obtained from a brain bank. The tissue blocks were divided into two groups, the control group and the prolonged fixation group. Quantitative immunocytochemistry was used to analyse the biological markers of Fox-3, Rbfox3 (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1 (IBA-1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Nissl staining showed that positive signaling of Nissl body was significantly decreased by 16.6% in the prolonged fixation group. In addition, the staining intensity of Nissl body was negatively correlated with fixation time. The level of NeuN immunoreactivity (ir) was significantly reduced by 19.31% in the prolonged fixation group. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between NeuN-ir and fixation time. There were no significant changes in GFAP-ir, IBA-1-ir and GAPDH-ir between control group and the prolonged fixation group. Prolonged formalin-fixed tissues showed time- and molecule-dependent protein changes, which may be potential confounders in the clinic and researches. Our study suggested short formalin fixation time is recommended when using PPFE brain tissues.
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13
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Reschke M, DiRito JR, Stern D, Day W, Plebanek N, Harris M, Hosgood SA, Nicholson ML, Haakinson DJ, Zhang X, Mehal WZ, Ouyang X, Pober JS, Saltzman WM, Tietjen GT. A digital pathology tool for quantification of color features in histologic specimens. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10242. [PMID: 35111944 PMCID: PMC8780932 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical research, histological analysis of tissue samples is often limited to qualitative or semiquantitative scoring assessments. The reliability of this analysis can be impaired by the subjectivity of these approaches, even when read by experienced pathologists. Furthermore, the laborious nature of manual image assessments often leads to the analysis being restricted to a relatively small number of images that may not accurately represent the whole sample. Thus, there is a clear need for automated image analysis tools that can provide robust and rapid quantification of histologic samples from paraffin-embedded or cryopreserved tissues. To address this need, we have developed a color image analysis algorithm (DigiPath) to quantify distinct color features in histologic sections. We demonstrate the utility of this tool across multiple types of tissue samples and pathologic features, and compare results from our program to other quantitative approaches such as color thresholding and hand tracing. We believe this tool will enable more thorough and reliable characterization of histological samples to facilitate better rigor and reproducibility in tissue-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Reschke
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & BiochemistryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jenna R. DiRito
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - David Stern
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Wesley Day
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Natalie Plebanek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | | | | | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Wajahat Z. Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of ImmunobiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Gregory T. Tietjen
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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14
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Li L, Chen H, He S, Sa G. The adhesive heterogeneity of different compartments of oral mucosal rete ridges. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:413-419. [PMID: 34665894 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rete ridges play a critical role in maintaining epidermal structure and mechanical properties. Notably, rete ridges can be divided into three compartments: the base, slope and tip. The present study aims to explore whether these three compartments have distinct adhesive functions. We collected 28 normal masticatory mucosae to prepare paraffin-embedded sections. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent staining were used to analyse the expression pattern of integrin α6 and β4 in different compartments of the rete ridges. To observe whether the different compartments had distinct adhesive forces, dermal-epidermal junction separation experiments were performed by peeling the oral epithelium from the lamina propria after treatment with cold saline for 72 h. The results showed that integrin α6 and β4 prefer the basal layer keratinocytes closely adjacent to the base compartment of the rete ridges. The oral mucosal epithelium separated from the underlying lamina propria at the tip of rete ridges when they were peeled after the cold saline treatment. In conclusion, the adhesive force of the basal layer keratinocytes at the base of the rete ridges is stronger than at the tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sangang He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Varricchio L, Iancu-Rubin C, Upadhyaya B, Zingariello M, Martelli F, Verachi P, Clementelli C, Denis JF, Rahman AH, Tremblay G, Mascarenhas J, Mesa RA, O'Connor-McCourt M, Migliaccio AR, Hoffman R. TGFβ1 protein trap AVID200 beneficially affects hematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis in myelofibrosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145651. [PMID: 34383713 PMCID: PMC8492354 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a progressive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by hyperactivation of JAK/STAT signaling and dysregulation of the transcription factor GATA1 in megakaryocytes (MKs). TGF-β plays a pivotal role in the pathobiology of MF by promoting BM fibrosis and collagen deposition and by enhancing the dormancy of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this study, we show that MF-MKs elaborated significantly greater levels of TGF-β1 than TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 to a varying degree, and we evaluated the ability of AVID200, a potent TGF-β1/TGF-β3 protein trap, to block the excessive TGF-β signaling. Treatment of human mesenchymal stromal cells with AVID200 significantly reduced their proliferation, decreased phosphorylation of SMAD2, and interfered with the ability of TGF-β1 to induce collagen expression. Moreover, treatment of MF mononuclear cells with AVID200 led to increased numbers of progenitor cells (PCs) with WT JAK2 rather than mutated JAK2V617F. This effect of AVID200 on MF PCs was attributed to its ability to block TGF-β1–induced p57Kip2 expression and SMAD2 activation, thereby allowing normal rather than MF PCs to preferentially proliferate and form hematopoietic colonies. To assess the in vivo effects of AVID200, Gata1lo mice, a murine model of MF, were treated with AVID200, resulting in the reduction in BM fibrosis and an increase in BM cellularity. AVID200 treatment also increased the frequency and numbers of murine progenitor cells as well as short-term and long-term HSCs. Collectively, these data provide the rationale for TGF-β1 blockade, with AVID200 as a therapeutic strategy for patients with MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Varricchio
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Upadhyaya
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Verachi
- Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cara Clementelli
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Adeeb H Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | | | - John Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Hematology Oncology, Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ronald Hoffman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
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16
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Hang Q, Ying H, Cheng G, Yang S, Jin J, Chen Y, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Fang M, Chen M, Lai X. [Prognostic Analysis of NSCLC Based on the Tumor-associated Macrophages, Tumor Neo-vessels and PD-L1 Expression in Tumor Microenvironment]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:837-844. [PMID: 33070512 PMCID: PMC7583870 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.103.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
背景与目的 肿瘤微环境是肿瘤细胞赖以生存的复杂环境。其中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs)、肿瘤新生血管及程序性死亡受体1/程序性死亡受体-配体1(programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-1/PD-L1)作为关键部分,在肿瘤发生、发展过程中起重要作用,影响患者预后。本研究旨在阐明TAMs、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)临床病理特征的相关性,并探讨它们对NSCLC预后的影响。 方法 收集92例NSCLC患者的临床病理资料及手术标本,采用免疫组化法检测癌组织和癌旁组织中TAMs、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达,采用配备有Olympus-DP72图像采集系统的Olympus-BX51正置显微镜进行拍照并用Image-pro Plus 6.0软件进行半定量分析。 结果 癌组织与癌旁组织中TAMs、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。根据肿瘤微环境中各组分的定量表达,可将其分为低、中、高表达组。癌组织中TAMs的低、中和高密度组的中位总生存(overall survival, OS)分别是36个月(95%CI: 25.3-46.7)、26个月(95%CI: 12.2-39.8)和16个月(95%CI: 9.4-22.6),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.016);肿瘤新生血管的低、中和高密度组的中位OS分别为30个月(95%CI: 22.5-37.5)、28个月(95%CI: 18.1-37.9)和25个月(95%CI: 14.6-35.4),差异无统计学意义(P=0.626);PD-L1的低、中和高表达组的中位OS分别为35个月(95%CI: 29.4-40.6),28个月(95%CI: 13.6-42.4)和17个月(95%CI: 10.5-23.5),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002)。联合低、中和高表达组的中位OS分别为36个月(95%CI: 30.6-41.4)、26个月(95%CI: 19.2-32.8)和9个月(95%CI: 4.4-13.6),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001)。Cox回归分析结果显示,病理分型、TAMs和PD-L1均为肺癌患者的独立预后因素。 结论 肿瘤微环境关键成分PD-L1及TAMs的表达与NSCLC患者的预后密切相关。
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Hang
- The Second Clinical Medical College Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hangjie Ying
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Guoping Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jianan Jin
- The Second Clinical Medical College Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yamei Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Qixun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Youhua Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Min Fang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiaojing Lai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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17
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Anajafi S, Ranjbar A, Torabi-Rahvar M, Ahmadbeigi N. In vivo study of the angiogenesis potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell aggregates in their niche like environment. Int J Artif Organs 2021; 44:727-733. [PMID: 34250831 DOI: 10.1177/03913988211025538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient blood vessel formation in bioengineered tissues is essential in order to keep the viability of the organs. Impaired development of blood vasculatures results in failure of the implanted tissue. The cellular source which is seeded in the scaffold is one of the crucial factors involved in tissue engineering methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Considering the notable competence of Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell aggregates for tissue engineering purposes, in this study BM-aggregates and expanded BM-MSCs were applied without any inductive agent or co-cultured cells, in order to investigate their own angiogenesis potency in vivo. BM-aggregates and BM-MSC were seeded in Poly-L Lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold and implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice. RESULT Immunohistochemistry results indicated that there was a significant difference (p < 0.050) in CD31+ cells between PLLA scaffolds contained cultured BM-MSC; PLLA scaffolds contained BM-aggregates and empty PLLA. According to morphological evidence, obvious connections with recipient vasculature and acceptable integration with surroundings were established in MSC and aggregate-seeded scaffolds. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed cultured BM-MSC and BM-aggregates, capacity in order to develop numerous connections between PLLA scaffold and recipient's vasculature which is crucial to the survival of tissues, and considerable tendency to develop constructs containing CD31+ endothelial cells which can contribute in vessel's tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Anajafi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azam Ranjbar
- SABZ Biomedical Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Hwang SH, Yang Y, Woo SH, Jung JH, Seo D, Kim DY, Kim Y. Thyroglobulin as a negative marker for malignancy in canine and human breast tumors. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:455-468. [PMID: 34003526 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are the most common tumor type in female dogs. This study evaluated the expression pattern and role of thyroglobulin (Tg) in CMT and in human breast cancer (HBC). CMT samples were subjected to fine-needle aspiration, primary cell culture, and histopathology. The expression level of Tg was higher in benign CMT than in malignant CMT (mCMT) primary cells, particularly in the epithelial lineage. Moreover, treatment with Tg enhanced the sensitivity of doxorubicin in mCMT epithelial cells and mitigated proinflammatory response by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The proximal region of the Tg promoter was hypermethylated in mCMT epithelial cells, silencing Tg expression with concurrent downregulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling. An identical pattern of Tg expression was observed in cytological and tissue samples. Tissue microarray analysis showed that Tg was highly expressed in normal and benign tissues when compared with their malignant counterparts, which was diminished along with higher histological grades. The survival rate was significantly higher in HBC patients with high Tg expression than those with low Tg expression. This study also showed that the progression of HBC is accompanied by the reduction of Tg expression along with augmentation of proinflammatory signaling. Our data suggested that Tg could be a negative indicator of malignancy in canine and human breast neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Woo
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Jung
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dansong Seo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbaek Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Baranova K, Tran C, Plantinga P, Sangle N. Evaluation of an open-source machine-learning tool to quantify bone marrow plasma cells. J Clin Pathol 2021; 74:462-468. [PMID: 33952591 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to develop and validate an open-source digital pathology tool, QuPath, to automatically quantify CD138-positive bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs). METHODS We analysed CD138-scanned slides in QuPath. In the initial training phase, manual positive and negative cell counts were performed in representative areas of 10 bone marrow biopsies. Values from the manual counts were used to fine-tune parameters to detect BMPCs, using the positive cell detection and neural network (NN) classifier functions. In the testing phase, whole-slide images in an additional 40 cases were analysed. Output from the NN classifier was compared with two pathologist's estimates of BMPC percentage. RESULTS The training set included manual counts ranging from 2403 to 17 287 cells per slide, with a median BMPC percentage of 13% (range: 3.1%-80.7%). In the testing phase, the quantification of plasma cells by image analysis correlated well with manual counting, particularly when restricted to BMPC percentages of <30% (Pearson's r=0.96, p<0.001). Concordance between the NN classifier and the pathologist whole-slide estimates was similarly good, with an intraclass correlation of 0.83 and a weighted kappa for the NN classifier of 0.80 with the first rater and 0.90 with the second rater. This was similar to the weighted kappa between the two human raters (0.81). CONCLUSIONS This represents a validated digital pathology tool to assist in automatically and reliably counting BMPC percentage on CD138-stained slides with an acceptable error rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Baranova
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Tran
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Plantinga
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikhil Sangle
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Yamaguchi H, Goto S, Takahashi N, Tsuchida M, Watanabe H, Yamamoto S, Kaneko Y, Higashi K, Mori H, Nakamura Y, Horii A, Kurokawa K, Narita I. Aberrant mucosal immunoreaction to tonsillar microbiota in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:75-86. [PMID: 33099625 PMCID: PMC7771982 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide, characterized by mesangial polymeric IgA1 deposition. IgAN is believed to develop owing to aberrant mucosal immunoreaction against commensals in the tonsils. However, the exact interrelation between pathogenic IgA and mucosal microbiota in IgAN patients is unclear. METHODS Biopsy-proven IgAN or recurrent tonsillitis (RT) patients who had undergone tonsillectomy were enrolled. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing with a flow cytometry-based bacterial cell sorting technique) and immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing of the IgA heavy chain to characterize IgA-coated bacteria of the tonsillar microbiota (IgA-SEQ) and their corresponding IgA repertoire. Furthermore, we fractionated patient serum using gel-filtration chromatography and performed flow cytometry-based analysis of IgA binding to bacteria cultured from incised tonsils. RESULTS Tonsillar proliferation-inducing ligand and B-cell activating factor levels were significantly higher in IgAN than in RT patients. IgA-SEQ for tonsillar microbiota revealed the preferential binding ability of IgA to Bacteroidetes in IgAN tonsils compared with those from RT patients. Expression of immunoglobulin heavy (IGH) constant alpha 1 with IGH variable 3-30 was significantly higher in IgAN than that in RT, and positively correlated with the IgA-coated enrichment score of Bacteroidetes. Serum polymeric IgA, comprising high levels of GdIgA1, exhibited considerable binding to Bacteroidetes strains cultured from the tonsils of IgAN patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that aberrant mucosal immune responses to tonsillar anaerobic microbiota, primarily consisting of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, are involved in IgAN pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shin Goto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nao Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tsuchida
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kaneko
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Higashi
- Genome Evolution Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Genome Evolution Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | | | - Arata Horii
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Genome Evolution Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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21
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Morais KL, Miyamoto D, Orfali RL, Maruta CW, Santi CG, Sotto MN, da Silva LFF, Branco ACCC, Sato MN, Aoki V. Increased expression of in situ IL-31RA and circulating CXCL8 and CCL2 in pemphigus herpetiformis suggests participation of the IL-31 family in the pathogenesis of the disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2890-2897. [PMID: 32531145 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus herpetiformis (PH) is a rare clinical subtype of pemphigus with the presence of urticarial plaques, severe pruritus, rare acantholysis and eosinophilic spongiosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of IL-31 and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the pathogenesis of PH. METHODS Twenty-five patients with PH and three groups: pemphigus foliaceus (PF = 14), pemphigus vulgaris (PV = 15) and healthy controls (HC = 20) were selected for this study. The groups were analysed by immunohistochemistry utilizing IL-31, IL-31RA, IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-α antibodies. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-13, TNF, CXCL8, CCL5 and CCL2 were evaluated by cytometric bead array. RESULTS Analysis of IL-31 family of PH patients revealed the following findings: (i) Enhanced in situ expression of IL-31 in PH samples, compared to PF and to PV (epidermis); (ii) Cutaneous IL-31RA expression in PH samples was higher than in PF, PV and HC groups (epidermis and dermis); (iii) PF patients that evolved to PH showed significant increased IL-31RA epidermal expression during the PH phase. Profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-α) in PH patients' skin exhibited: (i) Enhanced IL-4 expression, when compared to patients with PF (epidermis and dermis) and with PV (epidermis); (ii) Augmented IL-17 expression than PF and PV patients (epidermis); (iii) Augmented expression of TNF-α when compared to PF at the epidermal level. Evaluation of circulating cytokines and chemokines showed higher levels of CXCL8 and CCL2 in PH sera compared to HC group. CONCLUSIONS IL-31 and IL-31RA, cytokines related to pruritus, and pro-inflammatory chemokines (CXCL8 and CCL2) seem to exert a role in the pathogenesis of PH. These findings support future studies to clarify the role of IL-31 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Morais
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D Miyamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R L Orfali
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C W Maruta
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C G Santi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M N Sotto
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L F F da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A C C C Branco
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M N Sato
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Rahman A, Jahangir C, Lynch SM, Alattar N, Aura C, Russell N, Lanigan F, Gallagher WM. Advances in tissue-based imaging: impact on oncology research and clinical practice. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1027-1037. [PMID: 32510287 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1770599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-based imaging has emerged as a critical tool in translational cancer research and is rapidly gaining traction within a clinical context. Significant progress has been made in the digital pathology arena, particularly in respect of brightfield and fluorescent imaging. Critically, the cellular context of molecular alterations occurring at DNA, RNA, or protein level within tumor tissue is now being more fully appreciated. Moreover, the emergence of novel multi-marker imaging approaches can now provide unprecedented insights into the tumor microenvironment, including the potential interplay between various cell types. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the recent developments within the field of tissue-based imaging, centering on the application of these approaches in oncology research and clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION Significant advances have been made in digital pathology during the last 10 years. These include the use of quantitative image analysis algorithms, predictive artificial intelligence (AI) on large datasets of H&E images, and quantification of fluorescence multiplexed tissue imaging data. We believe that new methodologies that can integrate AI-derived histologic data with omic data, together with other forms of imaging data (such as radiologic image data), will enhance our ability to deliver better diagnostics and treatment decisions to the cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Rahman
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chowdhury Jahangir
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seodhna M Lynch
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nebras Alattar
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia Aura
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Russell
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Lanigan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,OncoMark Limited , Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Cross-Platform Comparison of Computer-assisted Image Analysis Quantification of In Situ mRNA Hybridization in Investigative Pathology. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 27:15-26. [PMID: 28682833 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although availability of automated platforms has proliferated, there is no standard practice for computer-assisted generation of scores for mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) visualized by brightfield microscopic imaging on tissue sections. To address this systematically, an ISH for peptidylprolyl isomerase B (PPIB) (cyclophilin B) mRNA was optimized and applied to a tissue microarray of archival non-small cell lung carcinoma cases, and then automated image analysis for PPIB was refined across 4 commercially available software platforms. Operator experience and scoring results from ImageScope, HALO, CellMap, and Developer XD were systematically compared with each other and to manual pathologist scoring. Markup images were compared and contrasted for accuracy, the ability of the platform to identify cells, and the ease of visual assessment to determine appropriate interpretation. Comparing weighted scoring approaches using H-scores (Developer XD, ImageScope, and manual scoring) a correlation was observed (R value=0.7955), and association between the remaining 2 approaches (HALO and CellMap) was of similar value. ImageScope showed the highest R value in comparison with manual scoring (0.7377). Mean-difference plots showed that HALO produced the highest relative normalized values, suggesting higher relative sensitivity. ImageScope overestimated PPIB ISH signal at the high end of the range scores; however, this tendency was not observed in other platforms. HALO emerged with the highest number of favorable observations, no apparent systematic bias in score generation compared with the other methods, and potentially higher sensitivity to detect ISH. HALO may serve as a tool to empower teams of investigative pathology laboratory scientists to assist pathologists readily with quantitative scoring of ISH.
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24
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Anti-diabetic activity of crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide from G. lithophila on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced in Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:556. [PMID: 31953455 PMCID: PMC6969100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the anti-diabetic effects of the crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide derived from G. lithophila on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Treatment with crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide showed increases in body weight and pancreatic insulin levels and a decrease in blood glucose levels compared with control diabetic rats. The blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased both in the crude polysaccharide- and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in the livers, kidneys and pancreases of crude polysaccharide- and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated rats. Immunohistological examination further confirmed that restoration of the normal cellular size of the islets of Langerhans and the rebirth of β-cells were found to be greater in the body region than in the head and tail regions of the pancreas. The crude polysaccharide- and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated diabetic rats showed normal blood glucose levels and insulin production, and reversed cholesterol levels and enzymatic actions. Therefore, rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide from G. lithophila acts as a potent anti-diabetic agent to treat diabetes and can lead to the development of an alternative medicine for diabetes in the future.
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25
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Barricelli BR, Casiraghi E, Gliozzo J, Huber V, Leone BE, Rizzi A, Vergani B. ki67 nuclei detection and ki67-index estimation: a novel automatic approach based on human vision modeling. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:733. [PMID: 31881821 PMCID: PMC6935242 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein ki67 (pki67) is a marker of tumor aggressiveness, and its expression has been proven to be useful in the prognostic and predictive evaluation of several types of tumors. To numerically quantify the pki67 presence in cancerous tissue areas, pathologists generally analyze histochemical images to count the number of tumor nuclei marked for pki67. This allows estimating the ki67-index, that is the percentage of tumor nuclei positive for pki67 over all the tumor nuclei. Given the high image resolution and dimensions, its estimation by expert clinicians is particularly laborious and time consuming. Though automatic cell counting techniques have been presented so far, the problem is still open. RESULTS In this paper we present a novel automatic approach for the estimations of the ki67-index. The method starts by exploiting the STRESS algorithm to produce a color enhanced image where all pixels belonging to nuclei are easily identified by thresholding, and then separated into positive (i.e. pixels belonging to nuclei marked for pki67) and negative by a binary classification tree. Next, positive and negative nuclei pixels are processed separately by two multiscale procedures identifying isolated nuclei and separating adjoining nuclei. The multiscale procedures exploit two Bayesian classification trees to recognize positive and negative nuclei-shaped regions. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the computed results, both through experts' visual assessments and through the comparison of the computed indexes with those of experts, proved that the prototype is promising, so that experts believe in its potential as a tool to be exploited in the clinical practice as a valid aid for clinicians estimating the ki67-index. The MATLAB source code is open source for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rita Barricelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Casiraghi
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Gliozzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Dermatology, Viale Regina Marghertita, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Huber
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagio Eugenio Leone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzi
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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26
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Alexander PG, McMillan DC, Park JH. The local inflammatory response in colorectal cancer - Type, location or density? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 83:101949. [PMID: 31869737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The host anti-tumour inflammatory response is a strong prognostic indicator, and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are believed to have a complimentary role alongside TNM assessment in dictating future management. However, there is wide disagreement regarding the most efficacious and cost-effective method of assessment. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed of EMBASE, MedLine and PubMed as well as an assessment of references to identify all relevant studies relating to the assessment of the peri-tumoural inflammatory response or TILs and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). A meta-analysis was performed of 67 studies meeting the REMARK criteria using RevMan software. RESULTS Intratumoural assessment of both CD3 and CD8 in CRC were significant for disease-free survival (DFS) (combined HRs 0.46; 95%CI: 0.39-0.54 and 0.54; 95%CI: 0.45-0.65), as well as overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The same was true for assessment of CD3 and CD8 at the invasive margin (DFS: combined HRs 0.45; 95%CI: 0.33-0.61 and 0.51; 95%CI: 0.41-0.62). However, similar fixed effects summaries were also observed for H&E-based methods, like Klintrup-Makinen grade (DFS: HR 0.62; 95%CI: 0.43-0.88). Furthermore, inflammatory assessments were independent of MSI status. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that it is the density of a co-ordinated local inflammatory infiltrate that confers survival benefit, rather than any individual immune cell subtype. Furthermore, the location of individual cells within the tumour microenvironment does not appear to influence survival. The authors advocate a standardised assessment of the local inflammatory response, but caution against emphasizing the importance of any individual immune cell subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H Park
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Fitzgerald S, Wang S, Dai D, Murphree DH, Pandit A, Douglas A, Rizvi A, Kadirvel R, Gilvarry M, McCarthy R, Stritt M, Gounis MJ, Brinjikji W, Kallmes DF, Doyle KM. Orbit image analysis machine learning software can be used for the histological quantification of acute ischemic stroke blood clots. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225841. [PMID: 31805096 PMCID: PMC6894878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the utility of a novel machine learning software (Orbit Image Analysis) in the histological quantification of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) clots. We analyzed 50 AIS blood clots retrieved using mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Following H&E staining, quantification of clot components was performed by two different methods: a pathologist using a reference standard method (Adobe Photoshop CC) and an experienced researcher using Orbit Image Analysis. Following quantification, the clots were categorized into 3 types: RBC dominant (≥60% RBCs), Mixed and Fibrin dominant (≥60% Fibrin). Correlations between clot composition and Hounsfield Units density on Computed Tomography (CT) were assessed. There was a significant correlation between the components of clots as quantified by the Orbit Image Analysis algorithm and the reference standard approach (ρ = 0.944**, p < 0.001, n = 150). A significant relationship was found between clot composition (RBC-Rich, Mixed, Fibrin-Rich) and the presence of a Hyperdense artery sign using the algorithmic method (X2(2) = 6.712, p = 0.035*) but not using the reference standard method (X2(2) = 3.924, p = 0.141). Orbit Image Analysis machine learning software can be used for the histological quantification of AIS clots, reproducibly generating composition analyses similar to current reference standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Fitzgerald
- CÚRAM–Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shunli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daying Dai
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dennis H. Murphree
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM–Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Douglas
- CÚRAM–Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Asim Rizvi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ramanathan Kadirvel
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J. Gounis
- Department of Radiology, New England Center for Stroke Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David F. Kallmes
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Doyle
- CÚRAM–Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Staessens S, Fitzgerald S, Andersson T, Clarençon F, Denorme F, Gounis MJ, Hacke W, Liebeskind DS, Szikora I, van Es ACGM, Brinjikji W, Doyle KM, De Meyer SF. Histological stroke clot analysis after thrombectomy: Technical aspects and recommendations. Int J Stroke 2019; 15:467-476. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493019884527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of endovascular procedures has created the unique opportunity to collect and analyze thrombi removed from cerebral arteries, instigating a novel subfield in stroke research. Insights into thrombus characteristics and composition could play an important role in ongoing efforts to improve acute ischemic stroke therapy. An increasing number of centers are collecting stroke thrombi. This paper aims at providing guiding information on thrombus handling, procedures, and analysis in order to facilitate and standardize this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Staessens
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - S Fitzgerald
- CÚRAM-Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - T Andersson
- Department of Medical Imaging, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Clarençon
- Department of Neuroradiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - F Denorme
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - MJ Gounis
- Division of Neuroimaging and Intervention and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - W Hacke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - DS Liebeskind
- Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and UCLA Stroke Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Szikora
- Department of Neuroradiology, National Institute of Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - ACGM van Es
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - KM Doyle
- CÚRAM-Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - SF De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Interleukin-18 exacerbates skin inflammation and affects microabscesses and scale formation in a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:690-698. [PMID: 30741833 PMCID: PMC6416030 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine of the interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-18 was elevated in early active and progressive plaque-type psoriatic lesions and that serum or plasma levels of IL-18 correlated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Although results from previous studies have established that IL-18 may aggravate psoriatic inflammation, the mechanisms of this process remain unknown. In this study, IL-18 knock out (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were used to investigate the effects of IL-18 within a mouse model of psoriasis. Methods: WT and IL-18 KO mice were divided into four groups, including imiquimod (IMQ)-treated IL-18 KO group (n = 11) and WT group (n = 13) as well as their respectively gene-matched control mice (receiving vaseline; n = 12). PASI scores were used to evaluate psoriatic lesions in IMQ-treated mice. Pathological features and dermal cellular infiltration were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of psoriasis-related cytokines including IL-23, IL-17, IL-12, IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-15, IL-27, and IL-4 were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protein level of IL-1β, IL-27, CXCL1, and Ly6 g were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Acanthosis (98.46 ± 14.12 vs. 222.68 ± 71.10 μm, P < 0.01) and dermal cell infiltration (572.25 ± 47.45 vs. 762.47 ± 59.59 cells/field, P < 0.01) were significantly milder in IMQ-induced IL-18 KO mice compared with that in WT mice. IMQ-induced IL-18 KO mice manifested larger areas of Munro microabscesses (11,467.83 ± 5112.09 vs. 4093.19 ± 2591.88 μm2, P < 0.01) and scales (100,935.24 ± 41,167.77 vs. 41,604.41 ± 14,184.10 μm2, P < 0.01) as compared with WT mice. In skin lesions of IL-18 KO mice, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-27 were all significantly upregulated but IL-17 was decreased. Histologically, strong positive signals of Ly6g were observed within the epidermis of IL-18 KO mice but expressions of CXCL1 were decreased. Conclusions: IL-18 may exacerbate prominent inflammation and influence pathological features in IMQ-induced mouse model of psoriasis. IL-18 may upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce protective cytokines, thus aggravating psoriatic inflammation. In addition, IL-18 may be involved in the formation of Munro microabscesses and scales.
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Chen XJ, Tan YQ, Zhang N, He MJ, Zhou G. Expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia is associated with disease progress and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152418. [PMID: 31027907 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have become a promising cancer immunotherapy. However, the role of PD-L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), including oral leukoplakia (OLK), remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression level of PD-L1 in OSCC and OPMDs, and examine its relationship with CD8 expression and different clinicopathological features. METHOD Expression of PD-L1 and CD8 were conducted in 41 OSCC, 21 OLK, and 25 normal mucosa samples by immunohistochemistry. Then, the density of PD-L1 expression was measured, and its correlation with CD8 expression and different clinicopathological features was analyzed. RESULTS PD-L1 protein was detected in 97.6% of OSCC, 61.9% of OLK, and 0% of normal tissues. PD-L1 was highly expressed in human OSCC tissue (P < 0.0001), when compared to both OLK and control tissues. PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with CD8 density (P < 0.0001, r = 0.8491). The PD-L1 high expression OSCC group displayed a trend for improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared to the low expression group, although the differences were not significant. Moreover, the expression level of PD-L1 in OSCC was positively correlated with the pathological grade (P < 0.0001), but it was independent of age, gender, smoking, drinking, tumor size, lymph node status, or recurrence (P > 0.05). Also, there was a significant upregulation of PD-L1 expression observed in the OLK group compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). PD-L1 positivity in OLK patients was associated with gender and smoking habits (P < 0.05), but it did not correlate with age, drinking, or dysplasia (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The upregulation of PD-L1 may be associated with disease progress and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in oral premalignant and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ya-Qin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ming-Jing He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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Eggerschwiler B, Canepa DD, Pape HC, Casanova EA, Cinelli P. Automated digital image quantification of histological staining for the analysis of the trilineage differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:69. [PMID: 30808403 PMCID: PMC6390603 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and are considered as attractive candidates for the development of cell-based regenerative therapies. Currently, there are more than 200 clinical trials involving the use of MSCs for a wide variety of indications. However, variations in their isolation, expansion, and particularly characterization have made the interpretation of study outcomes or the rigorous assessment of therapeutic efficacy difficult. An unbiased characterization of MSCs is of major importance and essential to guaranty that only the most suitable cells will be used. The development of standardized and reproducible assays to predict MSC potency is therefore mandatory. The currently used quantification methodologies for the determination of the trilineage potential of MSCs are usually based on absorbance measurements which are imprecise and prone to errors. We therefore aimed at developing a methodology first offering a standardized way to objectively quantify the trilineage potential of MSC preparations and second allowing to discriminate functional differences between clonally expanded cell populations. METHOD MSCs originating from several patients were differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts for 14, 17, and 21 days. Differentiated cells were then stained with the classical dyes: Alizarin Red S for osteoblasts, Oil Red O for adipocytes, and Alcian Blue 8GX for chondroblasts. Quantification of differentiation was then performed with our newly developed digital image analysis (DIA) tool followed by the classical absorbance measurement. The results from the two techniques were then compared. RESULT Quantification based on DIA allowed highly standardized and objective dye quantification with superior sensitivity compared to absorbance measurements. Furthermore, small differences between MSC lines in the differentiation potential were highlighted using DIA whereas no difference was detected using absorbance quantification. CONCLUSION Our approach represents a novel method that simplifies the laboratory procedures not only for the quantification of histological dyes and the degree of differentiation of MSCs, but also due to its color independence, it can be easily adapted for the quantification of a wide range of staining procedures in histology. The method is easily applicable since it is based on open source software and standard light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Eggerschwiler
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daisy D. Canepa
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa A. Casanova
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gomolka RS, Korzynska A, Siemion K, Gabor-Siatkowska K, Klonowski W. Automatic method for assessment of proliferation index in digital images of DLBCL tissue section. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang LZ, Man QW, Liu JY, Zhong WQ, Zheng YY, Zhao YF, Liu B. Overexpression of Fra-1, c-Jun and c-Fos in odontogenic keratocysts: potential correlation with proliferative and anti-apoptotic activity. Histopathology 2018; 73:933-942. [PMID: 29993138 DOI: 10.1111/his.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to explore the potential involvement of Fra-1, c-Jun and c-Fos, three vital members of the AP-1 complex, in the pathogenesis of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue samples, containing 10 normal oral mucosa (OM), 10 dentigerous cysts (DC) and 32 OKC specimens, were applied to investigate the expression levels of Fra-1, c-Jun and c-Fos by immunohistochemistry and real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The association between Fra-1, c-Jun and c-Fos expression levels and markers of proliferation [Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)], anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2) was then investigated in the OKC serial tissue sections. The results showed that Fra-1, c-Jun and c-Fos expression levels were increased significantly in OKCs compared to these in OM and DC tissue samples. Meanwhile, the expression levels of Fra-1, c-Jun and c-Fos were associated positively with the expression levels of Ki-67, PCNA and Bcl-2, as confirmed further by double-labelling immunofluorescence analysis and hierarchical analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that Fra-1, c-Jun and c-Fos were overexpressed in OKCs and had a close correlation with proliferation and anti-apoptosis potential of OKCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhou Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Wen Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Qun Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue-Yu Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Fang Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Lei X, Zhou Y, Ren C, Chen X, Shang R, He J, Dou J. Typhae pollen polysaccharides ameliorate diabetic retinal injury in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:169-176. [PMID: 29802904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to ancient traditional Chinese medicine, Typhae Pollen (TP) is commonly used to treat fundus haemorrhage because it improves blood circulation. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the role of the main TP component, polysaccharides (TPP), on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its possible mechanisms of inhibiting inflammation and improving blood circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS After successful establishment of a diabetic rat model, TPP was administered to diabetic rats for treatment, and the rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks. Retinal electrophysiology and ultrastructures were observed, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were also measured. Changes in the retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were examined by immunofluorescence. A mouse model of acute blood stasis was then established, and the effects of TPP on haemorheology were observed. The anti-inflammatory effect of TPP was analysed based on the changes in abdominal capillary permeability and the degree of auricle swelling in the mice. RESULTS In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR rats, TPP (0.4 g/kg) treatment restored electrophysiology indexes and retinal ultrastructures, reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels, decreased VEGF and bFGF expression in retinal tissues, and improved haemorheology indexes. Moreover, TPP reduced abdominal capillary permeability and relieved auricle swelling in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS TPP treatment ameliorated DR by inhibiting inflammation and improving blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Lei
- Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, PR China.
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xi'an-Xianyang New Economic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China.
| | - Cuicui Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, South Street Powder Lane No.30, Xi'an 710002, PR China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Rongguo Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Jianyu He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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Yong YX, Li YM, Lian J, Luo CM, Zhong DX, Han K. Inhibitory role of lentivirus-mediated aquaporin-4 gene silencing in the formation of glial scar in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:368-379. [PMID: 30246455 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), an acute degenerative pathology of the central nervous system, is a leading cause of death and disability. As the glial scar is a mechanical barrier to nerve regeneration, inhibitory molecules in the forming scar and methods to overcome them have suggested molecular modification strategies to allow neuronal growth and functional regeneration. Herein, we aim to investigate the effects of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) gene silencing on the glial scar formation after TBI by establishing rat models. After modeling, TBI rats were transfected with AQP4 small hairpin RNA [shRNA] (AQP4 gene silencing by lentiviral vector-delivered shRNA) and empty vectors, respectively. Neurological functions of the rats were evaluated after TBI. The hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to observe histomorphological changes in rat brain tissues. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, fibronectin, laminin, and AQP4 were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The ratio of positive expression area was calculated, and the glial scar was observed by immunohistochemistry. At the 7th, 14th, and 28th days after TBI, TBI rats treated with AQP4 shRNA showed improved neurological function and lessened histomorphological changes. AQP4 gene silencing mediated by lentivirus decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of GFAP, vimentin, fibronectin, and laminin, the number of positive cells, the ratio of positive expression area, and the glial scar. Our study demonstrates that lentivirus-mediated AQP4 gene silencing could inhibit the formation of glial scar after TBI, which is beneficial to the recovery of neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Yong
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia Lian
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - De-Xia Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Han
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Principles and approaches for reproducible scoring of tissue stains in research. J Transl Med 2018; 98:844-855. [PMID: 29849125 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of tissues is a common and important aspect of translational research studies. Labeling techniques such as immunohistochemistry can stain cells/tissues to enhance identification of specific cell types, cellular activation states, and protein expression. While qualitative evaluation of labeled tissues has merit, use of semiquantitative and quantitative scoring approaches can greatly enhance the rigor of the tissue data. Adhering to key principles for reproducible scoring can enhance the quality and reproducibility of the tissue data so as to maximize its biological relevance and scientific impact.
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Goulielmaki E, Bermudez-Brito M, Andreou M, Tzenaki N, Tzardi M, de Bree E, Tsentelierou E, Makrigiannakis A, Papakonstanti EA. Pharmacological inactivation of the PI3K p110δ prevents breast tumour progression by targeting cancer cells and macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:678. [PMID: 29880805 PMCID: PMC5992183 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patient selection for PI3K-targeted solid cancer treatment was based on the PIK3CA/PTEN mutational status. However, it is increasingly clear that this is not a good predictor of the response of breast cancer cells to the anti-proliferative effect of PI3K inhibitors, indicating that isoform(s) other than p110α may modulate cancer cells sensitivity to PI3K inhibition. Surprisingly, we found that although no mutations in the p110δ subunit have been detected thus far in breast cancer, the expression of p110δ becomes gradually elevated during human breast cancer progression from grade I to grade III. Moreover, pharmacological inactivation of p110δ in mice abrogated the formation of tumours and the recruitment of macrophages to tumour sites and strongly affected the survival, proliferation and apoptosis of grafted tumour cells. Pharmacological inactivation of p110δ in mice with defective macrophages or in mice with normal macrophages but grafted with p110δ-lacking tumours suppressed only partly tumour growth, indicating a requisite role of p110δ in both macrophages and cancer cells in tumour progression. Adoptive transfer of δD910A/D910A macrophages into mice with defected macrophages suppressed tumour growth, eliminated the recruitment of macrophages to tumour sites and prevented metastasis compared with mice that received WT macrophages further establishing that inactivation of p110δ in macrophage prevents tumour progression. Our work provides the first in vivo evidence for a critical role of p110δ in cancer cells and macrophages during solid tumour growth and may pave the way for the use of p110δ inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Goulielmaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Margarita Andreou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eelco de Bree
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Tsentelierou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Development of a Robust Algorithm for Detection of Nuclei and Classification of White Blood Cells in Peripheral Blood Smear Images. J Med Syst 2018; 42:110. [DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-0962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Orfali RL, da Silva Oliveira LM, de Lima JF, de Carvalho GC, Ramos YAL, Pereira NZ, Pereira NV, Zaniboni MC, Sotto MN, da Silva Duarte AJ, Sato MN, Aoki V. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins modulate IL-22-secreting cells in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6665. [PMID: 29703987 PMCID: PMC5923268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease characterized by skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Interleukin (IL)-22, in cooperation with IL-17, triggers antimicrobial peptide elaboration and enhances certain immunological responses. In AD, IL-22 is related to epidermal hyperplasia, keratinocyte apoptosis, and inhibition of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. We aimed to evaluate the impact of staphylococcal enterotoxins on the Tc22/Th22 induction in the peripheral blood of AD patients and on CD4+/CD8+ T cells expressing IL-22 in AD skin. Our study showed inhibition of the staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) response by Th22 (CD4+IL-22+IL-17A-IFN-γ-) cells in AD patients. In contrast, Tc22 (CD8+IL-22+IL-17A-IFN-γ-) cells were less susceptible to the inhibitory effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and exhibited an enhanced response to the bacterial stimuli. In AD skin, we detected increased IL-22 transcript expression and T lymphocytes expressing IL-22. Together, our results provide two major findings in response to staphylococcal enterotoxins in adults with AD: dysfunctional CD4+ IL-22 secreting T cells and increased Tc22 cells. Our hypothesis reinforces the relevance of CD8 T cells modulated by staphylococcal enterotoxins as a potential source of IL-22 in adults with AD, which is relevant for the maintenance of immunological imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Leao Orfali
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Costa de Carvalho
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Alefe Leuzzi Ramos
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalli Zanete Pereira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Colombini Zaniboni
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Linares I, Farrokhi K, Echeverri J, Kaths JM, Kollmann D, Hamar M, Urbanellis P, Ganesh S, Adeyi OA, Yip P, Selzner M, Selzner N. PPAR-gamma activation is associated with reduced liver ischemia-reperfusion injury and altered tissue-resident macrophages polarization in a mouse model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195212. [PMID: 29617419 PMCID: PMC5884549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PPAR-gamma (γ) is highly expressed in macrophages and its activation affects their polarization. The effect of PPAR-γ activation on Kupffer cells (KCs) and liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has not yet been evaluated. We investigated the effect of PPAR-γ activation on KC-polarization and IRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy percent (70%) liver ischemia was induced for 60mins. PPAR-γ-agonist or vehicle was administrated before reperfusion. PPAR-γ-antagonist was used to block PPAR-γ activation. Liver injury, necrosis, and apoptosis were assessed post-reperfusion. Flow-cytometry determined KC-phenotypes (pro-inflammatory Nitric Oxide +, anti-inflammatory CD206+ and anti-inflammatory IL-10+). RESULTS Liver injury assessed by serum AST was significantly decreased in PPAR-γ-agonist versus control group at all time points post reperfusion (1hr: 3092±105 vs 4469±551; p = 0.042; 6hr: 7041±1160 vs 12193±1143; p = 0.015; 12hr: 5746±328 vs 8608±1259; p = 0.049). Furthermore, liver apoptosis measured by TUNEL-staining was significantly reduced in PPAR-γ-agonist versus control group post reperfusion (1hr:2.46±0.49 vs 6.90±0.85%;p = 0.001; 6hr:26.40±2.93 vs 50.13±8.29%; p = 0.048). H&E staining demonstrated less necrosis in PPAR-γ-agonist versus control group (24hr:26.66±4.78 vs 45.62±4.57%; p = 0.032). The percentage of pro-inflammatory NO+ KCs was significantly lower at all post reperfusion time points in the PPAR-γ-agonist versus control group (1hr:28.49±4.99 vs 53.54±9.15%; p = 0.040; 6hr:5.51±0.54 vs 31.12±9.58%; p = 0.009; 24hr:4.15±1.50 vs 17.10±4.77%; p = 0.043). In contrast, percentage of anti-inflammatory CD206+ KCs was significantly higher in PPAR-γ-agonist versus control group prior to IRI (8.62±0.96 vs 4.88 ±0.50%; p = 0.04). Administration of PPAR-γ-antagonist reversed the beneficial effects on AST, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory NO+ KCs. CONCLUSION PPAR-γ activation reduces IRI and decreases the pro-inflammatory NO+ Kupffer cells. PPAR-γ activation can become an important tool to improve outcomes in liver surgery through decreasing the pro-inflammatory phenotype of KCs and IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Linares
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México City, México
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kaveh Farrokhi
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Echeverri
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Johan Moritz Kaths
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dagmar Kollmann
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matyas Hamar
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Urbanellis
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sujani Ganesh
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oyedele A. Adeyi
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Yip
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nazia Selzner
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Straka F, Schornik D, Masin J, Filova E, Mirejovsky T, Burdikova Z, Svindrych Z, Chlup H, Horny L, Daniel M, Machac J, Skibová J, Pirk J, Bacakova L. A human pericardium biopolymeric scaffold for autologous heart valve tissue engineering: cellular and extracellular matrix structure and biomechanical properties in comparison with a normal aortic heart valve. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:599-634. [PMID: 29338582 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1429732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to compare the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and the biomechanical properties of human pericardium (HP) with the normal human aortic heart valve (NAV). HP tissues (from 12 patients) and NAV samples (from 5 patients) were harvested during heart surgery. The main cells in HP were pericardial interstitial cells, which are fibroblast-like cells of mesenchymal origin similar to the valvular interstitial cells in NAV tissue. The ECM of HP had a statistically significantly (p < 0.001) higher collagen I content, a lower collagen III and elastin content, and a similar glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content, in comparison with the NAV, as measured by ECM integrated density. However, the relative thickness of the main load-bearing structures of the two tissues, the dense part of fibrous HP (49 ± 2%) and the lamina fibrosa of NAV (47 ± 4%), was similar. In both tissues, the secant elastic modulus (Es) was significantly lower in the transversal direction (p < 0.05) than in the longitudinal direction. This proved that both tissues were anisotropic. No statistically significant differences in UTS (ultimate tensile strength) values and in calculated bending stiffness values in the longitudinal or transversal direction were found between HP and NAV. Our study confirms that HP has an advantageous ECM biopolymeric structure and has the biomechanical properties required for a tissue from which an autologous heart valve replacement may be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Straka
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic.,b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - David Schornik
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Masin
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Elena Filova
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mirejovsky
- c Clinical and Transplant Pathology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Burdikova
- d Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Zdenek Svindrych
- e Department of Biology, W. M, Keck Center for Cellular Imaging , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Hynek Chlup
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Horny
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Matej Daniel
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Machac
- g Institute of Botany CAS, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Pruhonice , Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Skibová
- h Department of Medical Statistics , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pirk
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
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Zhang L, Sun T, Liu L, Wang L. The research of the possible mechanism and the treatment for capsaicin-induced cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 49:1-9. [PMID: 29288742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Unexplained chronic cough (UCC) affects millions of patients worldwide. New therapeutic approaches to this condition are urgently needed, since current treatment options provide only symptomatic relief. Cough reflex hypersensitivity has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of UCC. The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is present on peripheral terminals of airway sensory nerves and modulation of its activity represents a potential target for the pharmacological treatment of UCC. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and the possible mechanism of SB705498, a TRPV1 antagonist, for cough in a capsaicin-induced cough animal model (i.e. guinea pigs). Induction of cough by capsaicin was successfully implemented in the guinea pigs, and the animals that met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into four treatment groups: (1) Saline inhalation group (NSInh group, N = 10, negative control group), (2) Codeine phosphate intraperitoneal injection group (CPInp group, N = 10, positive control group), (3) SB705498 inhalation group (SBInh group, N = 10), (4) SB705498 intragastric administration group (SBIng group, N = 10). After treatment with above compounds, the capsaicin-induced cough experiment was performed again. The cough numbers and the cough incubation periods were recorded to evaluate the antitussive effect of SB705498. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and neurokinin A (NKA) expression in lung and brain tissues were performed as an indication of neurogenic inflammation. Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the pathology morphology of lung and brain tissues. When the CPInp, SBInh and SBIng groups were compared to the NSInh group, the cough numbers were significantly reduced (p < .001), while the cough incubation periods were significantly prolonged (P < .001). In addition, the expression of SP, CGRP and NKA in lung and brain tissue was reduced (P < .05). None of the animals in the four groups exhibited lung and brain parenchymal inflammation. The results from this study showed that SB705498 had a significant antitussive effect, could reduce the neurogenic inflammation by reducing the expression of SP, CGRP and NKA in a capsaicin-induced cough model of guinea pigs. The results further indicated that TRPV1 played an important role in UCC and SB705498 might be a promising therapeutic agent for UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China; Peking University, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Tieying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China; Peking University, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Longteng Liu
- Peking University, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China; Peking University, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Park CH, Son HU, Yoo CY, Lee SH. Low molecular-weight gel fraction of Aloe vera exhibits gastroprotection by inducing matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitory activity in alcohol-induced acute gastric lesion tissues. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2110-2115. [PMID: 28874080 PMCID: PMC6130566 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1371770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aloe has been used for the prevention and cure of various diseases and symptoms including burns, injuries, oedema and pain. OBJECTIVE This study determines the specific inhibitory activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 induced by the low molecular-weight gel fraction of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (lgfAv) on alcohol-induced acute gastric lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the protective effects of oral (p.o.) administration of lgfAv (molecular weight cutoff <50.0 kDa, 150.0 mg/kg body weight) in a Balb/c mouse model of alcohol-induced acute gastritis for 1 h exposure. By measuring ulcer index, we compared the antiulcerative activity of the fraction. mRNA expression and immunohistochemical analysis of various biomarkers were performed. RESULTS The lgfAv-treated mice exhibited drastically fewer ulcer lesions than the untreated control mice did. It featured that lgfAv lessened the ulcer lesions than their relevant controls. Moreover, the transcriptional level of MMP-9 was completely alleviated by lgfAv treatment in alcohol-treated gastritis-induced mice. DISCUSSION The transcriptional level of MMP-9 was significantly alleviated by lgfAv treatment of the model. However, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that lgfAv treatment in mucosal tissues had the potential to inhibit the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-9, respectively. The protein expression of MMP-9 was closely associated with lgfAv-induced gastroprotection against alcohol-induced gastric lesions. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that lgfAv has the potential to alleviate alcohol-induced acute gastric lesions, which is mediated in part, mainly by the suppression of the mRNA expression of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Radiation Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chi-Yeol Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- CONTACT Sang-Han LeeDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 80 DaeHak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Zhou X, Ma X. Development of a Urinary Micro Particle Detection System Based on Spatial Coordinate Tracking Method. INT J PATTERN RECOGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218001417500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to accurately detect various micro particles in patient's urinary samples, a urinary micro particle detection system based on spatial coordinate tracking method was developed. A hierarchical microscopic image analysis method was described and the detailed spatial coordinate tracking algorithm was designed. The architecture and the procedure of proposed system were presented. Moreover, the prototype system was introduced and six patients' urinary samples were analyzed to verify the reliability and simplicity of unattended operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomou Zhou
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
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Horai Y, Kakimoto T, Takemoto K, Tanaka M. Quantitative analysis of histopathological findings using image processing software. J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 30:351-358. [PMID: 29097847 PMCID: PMC5660959 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In evaluating pathological changes in drug efficacy and toxicity studies, morphometric analysis can be quite robust. In this experiment, we examined whether morphometric changes of major pathological findings in various tissue specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin could be recognized and quantified using image processing software. Using Tissue Studio, hypertrophy of hepatocytes and adrenocortical cells could be quantified based on the method of a previous report, but the regions of red pulp, white pulp, and marginal zones in the spleen could not be recognized when using one setting condition. Using Image-Pro Plus, lipid-derived vacuoles in the liver and mucin-derived vacuoles in the intestinal mucosa could be quantified using two criteria (area and/or roundness). Vacuoles derived from phospholipid could not be quantified when small lipid deposition coexisted in the liver and adrenal cortex. Mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver could be quantified to some extent, except for specimens with many clustered infiltrating cells. Adipocyte size and the mean linear intercept could be quantified easily and efficiently using morphological processing and the macro tool equipped in Image-Pro Plus. These methodologies are expected to form a base system that can recognize morphometric features and analyze quantitatively pathological findings through the use of information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Horai
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kakimoto
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Kana Takemoto
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tanaka
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
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Della Mea V, Baroni GL, Pilutti D, Di Loreto C. SlideJ: An ImageJ plugin for automated processing of whole slide images. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180540. [PMID: 28683129 PMCID: PMC5500328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The digital slide, or Whole Slide Image, is a digital image, acquired with specific scanners, that represents a complete tissue sample or cytological specimen at microscopic level. While Whole Slide image analysis is recognized among the most interesting opportunities, the typical size of such images—up to Gpixels- can be very demanding in terms of memory requirements. Thus, while algorithms and tools for processing and analysis of single microscopic field images are available, Whole Slide images size makes the direct use of such tools prohibitive or impossible. In this work a plugin for ImageJ, named SlideJ, is proposed with the objective to seamlessly extend the application of image analysis algorithms implemented in ImageJ for single microscopic field images to a whole digital slide analysis. The plugin has been complemented by examples of macro in the ImageJ scripting language to demonstrate its use in concrete situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Della Mea
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giulia L. Baroni
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - David Pilutti
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Iglesias-Osma MC, Blanco EJ, Carretero-Hernández M, García-Barrado MJ, Catalano-Iniesta L, Carretero M, Sánchez-Robledo V, Carretero J. Endothelial immunocytochemical expression of pituitary IL-1β and its relation to ACTH-positive cells is regulated by corticosterone in the male rat. Cytokine 2017; 99:9-17. [PMID: 28675823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a cytokine linking the neuroendocrine system and metabolic homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated the relevance of IL-1β for maintaining the pituitary ACTH-producing cells by immuno-blocking its effects in pituitary cultures. However, the morphological characteristics and the intimate relationship of the pituitary cells expressing IL-1β and ACTH remain unknown. For determining pituitary variations of immunoreactivity for IL-1β and its relation with ACTH-positive cells under stress situations, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of IL-1β and ACTH in the pituitary gland of adult rats, in the absence or presence of corticosterone, by establishing different groups: untreated, sham-operated, and bilaterally adrenalectomized animals. In the rats subjected to surgery, the glucocorticoid was administered on the same day of the intervention and on the third day post-surgery. Interestingly, it was observed that IL-1β was located in the pituitary endothelial cells at the hypophyseal portal vessels, regardless of the treatment schedule. When comparing the pituitary immunoreactive surface to IL-1β expression without corticosterone, adrenalectomized animals displayed a significantly greater area than the sham-operated animals. Corticosterone significantly inhibited the effect of adrenalectomy depending on the time interval it was administered. By in situ hybridization, IL-1β mRNA expression was also correlated with immnunocytochemical expression of pituitary IL-1β. Our results demonstrate that IL-1β is a constitutive element in endothelial portal pituitary vessels and under stress experimental conditions IL-1β increases its expression and its relation with ACTH-positive cells, suggesting that IL-1β could participate in an autocrine-paracrine fashion thereby modulating the pituitary population of ACTH-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique J Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - María José García-Barrado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leonardo Catalano-Iniesta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Carretero
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Robledo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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Lucero HA, Patterson S, Matsuura S, Ravid K. Quantitative histological image analyses of reticulin fibers in a myelofibrotic mouse. J Biol Methods 2016; 3. [PMID: 28008415 PMCID: PMC5172452 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2016.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) reticulin fibrosis (RF), revealed by silver staining of tissue sections, is associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms, while tools for quantitative assessment of reticulin deposition throughout a femur BM are still in need. Here, we present such a method, allowing via analysis of hundreds of composite images to identify a patchy nature of RF throughout the BM during disease progression in a mouse model of myelofibrosis. To this end, initial conversion of silver stained BM color images into binary images identified two limitations: variable color, owing to polychromatic staining of reticulin fibers, and variable background in different sections of the same batch, limiting application of the color deconvolution method, and use of constant threshold, respectively. By blind coding image identities, to allow for threshold input (still within a narrow range), and using shape filtering to further eliminate background we were able to quantitate RF in myelofibrotic Gata-1low (experimental) and wild type (control) mice as a function of animal age. Color images spanning the whole femur BM were batch-analyzed using ImageJ software, aided by our two newly added macros. The results show heterogeneous RF density in different areas of the marrow of Gata-1low mice, with degrees of heterogeneity reduced upon aging. This method can be applied uniformly across laboratories in studies assessing RF remodeling induced by aging or other conditions in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector A Lucero
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shenia Patterson
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shinobu Matsuura
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Katya Ravid
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Ahern TP, Beck AH, Rosner BA, Glass B, Frieling G, Collins LC, Tamimi RM. Continuous measurement of breast tumour hormone receptor expression: a comparison of two computational pathology platforms. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:428-434. [PMID: 27729430 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Computational pathology platforms incorporate digital microscopy with sophisticated image analysis to permit rapid, continuous measurement of protein expression. We compared two computational pathology platforms on their measurement of breast tumour oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression. METHODS Breast tumour microarrays from the Nurses' Health Study were stained for ER (n=592) and PR (n=187). One expert pathologist scored cases as positive if ≥1% of tumour nuclei exhibited stain. ER and PR were then measured with the Definiens Tissue Studio (automated) and Aperio Digital Pathology (user-supervised) platforms. Platform-specific measurements were compared using boxplots, scatter plots and correlation statistics. Classification of ER and PR positivity by platform-specific measurements was evaluated with areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) from univariable logistic regression models, using expert pathologist classification as the standard. RESULTS Both platforms showed considerable overlap in continuous measurements of ER and PR between positive and negative groups classified by expert pathologist. Platform-specific measurements were strongly and positively correlated with one another (r≥0.77). The user-supervised Aperio workflow performed slightly better than the automated Definiens workflow at classifying ER positivity (AUCAperio=0.97; AUCDefiniens=0.90; difference=0.07, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.09) and PR positivity (AUCAperio=0.94; AUCDefiniens=0.87; difference=0.07, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.12). CONCLUSIONS Paired hormone receptor expression measurements from two different computational pathology platforms agreed well with one another. The user-supervised workflow yielded better classification accuracy than the automated workflow. Appropriately validated computational pathology algorithms enrich molecular epidemiology studies with continuous protein expression data and may accelerate tumour biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Ahern
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ben Glass
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gretchen Frieling
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang Y, Song J, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu Z. Mild Hypothermia Protects Pigs' Gastric Mucosa After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation via Inhibiting Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Production. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3523-3528. [PMID: 27694796 PMCID: PMC5063424 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mild hypothermia therapy on gastric mucosa after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods Ventricular fibrillation was induced in pigs. After CPR, the surviving pigs were divided into mild hypothermia-treated and control groups. The changes in vital signs and hemodynamic parameters were monitored before cardiac arrest and at intervals of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Serum IL-6 was determined at the same time, and gastroscopy was performed. The pathologic changes were noted, and the expression of IL-6 was determined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry under light. Results The heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output in both groups did not differ significantly. The gastric mucosa ulcer index evaluated by gastroscopy 2 h and 24 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the mild hypothermic group was lower than that the control group (P<0.05). The inflammatory pathologic score of gastric mucosa in the mild hypothermic group 6–24 h after ROSC was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Serum and gastric mucosa IL-6 expression 0.5–4 h and 6, 12, and 24 h after ROSC was lower in the mild hypothermic group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Mild hypothermia treatment protects gastric mucosa after ROSC via inhibiting IL-6 production and relieving the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Digestion, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Digestion, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yaqiang Li
- Department of Digestion, Beijing Lu He Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengxin Liu
- Department of Digestion, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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