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Britton EM, Taisir R, Cooper A, Remers S, Chorny Y, LaBelle O, Rush B, MacKillop J, Costello MJ. Psychometric Evaluation of an Adapted Short-Form Spirituality Scale in a Sample of Predominantly White Adults in an Inpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program. Assessment 2024; 31:1309-1323. [PMID: 38160429 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231217478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Spirituality is an important aspect of treatment and recovery for substance use disorders (SUDs), but ambiguities in measurement can make it difficult to incorporate as part of routine care. We evaluated the psychometric properties of an adapted short-form version of the Spirituality Scale (the Spirituality Scale-Short-Form; SS-SF) for use in SUD treatment settings. Participants were adult patients (N = 1,388; Mage = 41.23 years, SDage = 11.55; 68% male; 86% White) who entered a large, clinically mixed inpatient SUD treatment program. Factor analysis supported the two-dimensional structure, with factors representing Self-Discovery and Transcendent Connection. Tests of measurement invariance demonstrated that the scale was invariant across age and gender subgroups. The SS-SF exhibited convergent and concurrent validity via associations with participation in spiritual activities, hopefulness, life satisfaction, 12-step participation, and depressive symptoms. Finally, scores on the SS-SF were significantly higher at discharge compared to admission, demonstrating short-term sensitivity to change. These findings support use of the SS-SF as a concise, psychometrically sound measure of spirituality in the context of substance use treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radia Taisir
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alysha Cooper
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yelena Chorny
- Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Onawa LaBelle
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Rush
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Jean Costello
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Wang EY, Pan A, Srinivas T, Loftus J, Geller G, Carrese JA, Antoine D, Fingerhood M. Patient and Physician Perspectives on Discussing Addiction Recovery and Spirituality in the Primary Care Setting. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-024-08939-9. [PMID: 39028404 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirituality is an important component of recovery for many individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). However, few studies have compared patient and physician attitudes on spirituality in SUD recovery. OBJECTIVE This study investigates patient and physician beliefs about the role of spirituality in SUD recovery and about discussing spirituality in relationship to recovery in primary care settings. DESIGN Semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary care physicians recruited at two academic hospitals, and patients recruited from a faith-based residential therapeutic community. Interview transcripts were independently coded by two researchers and a grounded theory approach was used to generate themes that reflected participants' experiences. KEY RESULTS Interviews were conducted with 15 patients and 10 physicians. Patients had diverse views about the impact of spirituality on their SUD recovery, including positive, negative, and neutral. Patient and physician opinions on discussing spirituality in a primary care setting differed: most physicians felt positively towards this, believing that understanding their patients' spirituality helped them care for their patients as whole people. Many patients felt neutral, stating that they did not feel like these conversations were necessary for their care, and that they believed physicians preferred not to discuss spirituality in medical settings. Tolerance from both the patient and physician, open-ended questioning, and an individualized approach were identified as facilitators to effective discussions about spirituality and recovery. CONCLUSIONS Spirituality can have diverse effects on an individual's SUD recovery. Physicians endorsed the benefits of discussing spirituality in the context of their patients' recovery, while patients expressed reservations about engaging in these conversations with their physicians. This variation in perspectives highlights the need for additional research to understand the individual and structural factors that contribute to it, as well as best practices for engaging in effective, non-judgmental conversations about spirituality in recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Y Wang
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Annabelle Pan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tara Srinivas
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Loftus
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gail Geller
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph A Carrese
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denis Antoine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Fingerhood
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kane L, Benson K, Stewart ZJ, Daughters SB. The impact of spiritual well-being and social support on substance use treatment outcomes within a sample of predominantly Black/African American adults. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 158:209238. [PMID: 38061630 PMCID: PMC10947916 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRO Substance use and associated problems often return following treatment for substance use disorder (SUD), which disproportionally impact Black/African American (AA) individuals. Social support and spiritual well-being are sources of recovery capital identified as particularly important among Black/AA adults. Social support and spiritual well-being are also posited mechanisms in 12-step; thus, this study tested the effects of social support and spiritual well-being on substance use outcomes over time, distinct from 12-step involvement, among Black/AA adults post-SUD treatment. The study hypothesized that social support and spiritual well-being would demonstrate significant interactions with time, respectively, on substance use frequency and substance use consequences, above the effect of 12-step involvement. METHOD The study drew data from a study of 262 adults (95.4 % Black/AA) entering residential SUD treatment (NCT#01189552). Assessments were completed at pretreatment and at 3-, 6-, and 12-months posttreatment. Two generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) tested the effects of social support and spiritual well-being, above the effect of 12-step involvement, on substance use frequency and substance use consequences over the course of 12-months posttreatment. RESULTS Higher spiritual well-being predicted significantly less frequent substance use during recovery (β = 0.00, p = .03). Greater 12-step involvement predicted significantly fewer substance use consequences during recovery (β = 0.00, p = .02). In post hoc analyses the effect of spiritual well-being and 12-step involvement dissipated by 3.5- and 6.6-months posttreatment, respectively. The study found no significant effects of social support over time. DISCUSSION Spiritual well-being and 12-step involvement are associated with lower substance use and substance use consequences, respectively, in the early months of posttreatment recovery among Black/AA adults. These findings contribute to the growing recovery capital literature informing paths to recovery and sources of support outside of 12-step affiliation. However, these effects diminish over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Kane
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Benson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Zachary J Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Stacey B Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Wnuk M, Krentzman AR, Charzyńska E. The 12-Step Pathway to Spiritual Growth and Gratitude and Its Relationship With Well-Being Among the Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:370-392. [PMID: 37653184 PMCID: PMC10861752 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of mutual-aid groups in addiction treatment, no research has yet explored the role of the 12-step pathway in spiritual growth and gratitude, or its direct and indirect relationships with well-being among individuals with compulsive sexual behavior disorders (CSBD). The purpose of the current study was to examine the number of 12 steps completed as an antecedent of spiritual growth and gratitude and its relationship with well-being among members of Sexaholics Anonymous (SA). The sample consisted of 80 individuals (72 men and 8 women) attending SA meetings in Poland. The study variables were measured using the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, Gratitude Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and a single question regarding the number of 12 steps completed. A path analysis showed that the number of 12 steps completed was negatively and directly related to negative affect. Moreover, the number of 12 steps completed was related to higher spiritual growth, which was directly related to higher levels of life satisfaction and lower levels of negative affect, and indirectly, through gratitude, to higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect. The results suggest that spiritual growth, rooted in the 12-step program, and its ability to increase gratitude, may promote recovery from CSBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wnuk
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Szamarzewskiego 89/AB, 60-568, Poznań, Poland
| | - Amy R Krentzman
- School of Social Work, University of Minnesota, 1404 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Edyta Charzyńska
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Institute of Pedagogy, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
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Peyron E, Franck N, Labaume L, Rolland B. [The psychosocial rehabilitation in addiction medicine]. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:91-98. [PMID: 37718195 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Addictive behaviors constitute complex behaviors that are usually related to social habits, such as substance use, gambling or gaming activities, or sexual or physical activity. They progressively overrun and stifle the routine habits of the concerned individuals, for example within their occupational or family spheres of life, as well as in their hobbies or in their main physiological functions, such as sleep or eating cycles. The rehabilitation approach of care integrates the objective of restoring the altered habits and functional rhythms, to optimize the clinical outcomes and improve quality of life of the concerned persons. METHODS Using a focused and narrative literature review, we aimed to explain what psychosocial rehabilitation consists in, and why this approach is particularly relevant for the addiction care, although to date it has remained insufficiently developed in the routine practice of many facilities. RESULTS The "rehab" approach, is first based on a structured and comprehensive assessment of the clinical and functional aspects of the patient, which secondarily allows to frame an individualized project of care that is closely built together with the patient. This project of care can integrate classical pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic tools, but it also emphasizes wider approaches for restoring some basic social and physiological functions of the concerned person, such as sleep, eating, social functioning, physical activity, or spiritual needs. Priorities among these different dimensions have to be defined by the concerned person. CONCLUSIONS The "rehab" approach is particularly relevant in addiction medicine. It represents a more global conception of care that conceives the recovery of social and physiological functioning as a core treatment objective for the concerned persons. The consequences for care organization are that many additional professionals should be integrated into the treatment schemes for addiction, including peer counselors, occupational therapists, physical activity coaches, or dieticians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peyron
- Service universitaire d'addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), hospices civils de Lyon, CH Le Vinatier, 95, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Franck
- Centre ressource de réhabilitation psychosociale et de remédiation cognitive, pôle centre rive gauche, hôpital Le Vinatier, UMR 5229, CNRS & Claude-Bernard university Lyon 1, université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Benjamin Rolland
- Service universitaire d'addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), hospices civils de Lyon, CH Le Vinatier, 95, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Lyon, France; PSYR2, CRNL, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Inserm, UCBL1, Lyon, France.
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6
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Snodgrass S, Corcoran L, Jerry P. Spirituality in Addiction Recovery: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:515-530. [PMID: 37486580 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In the area of addiction, Canada has been in a public health crisis since 2016. Addiction takes a toll on an individual's self-worth and identity. In this narrative literature review, the distinct nature of spirituality was addressed. Next, individualized conceptualizations of spirituality were outlined. Subsequently, the importance of fellowship in addiction recovery was detailed. Next, the significance of being of service was presented. Meaningful and authentic spirituality were discussed in the context of recovery identity. Lastly, spirituality as a personal journey is described. A narrative literature review of 70 manuscripts published between 1999 and 2021 was undertaken to determine multiple approaches to treating addiction recovery in the context of spiritual development. An understanding of spirituality can inform counsellors regarding spiritual development in addiction recovery. Implications for counselling include a roadmap to support clients developing an individualized spiritual connection and operating as a functional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelbi Snodgrass
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada.
| | - Lynn Corcoran
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Jerry
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
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E Brown H, B Dennis C. The Impact of Suicidality and Spirituality on Substance Use Day Treatment Discharge. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2023; 20:840-850. [PMID: 37394955 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2023.2230186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although spirituality seems to protect against suicidality and substance misuse, in 2022 81% of United States residents believe in God and yet prevalence of these global health issues are increasing. 12-Step programs are inherently spiritual in their approach to recovery. METHOD We used a clinically mined dataset built from everyday clinical data that a substance use day treatment program in a midwestern state of the USA originally collected for their treatment purposes. Data included information from 444 client files from three day treatment sites within the same agency. Using logistic regression, we analyzed the relationships between suicidality, spirituality, and treatment discharge. RESULTS Suicidality and spirituality, including 12-Step involvement prior to treatment, did not have a statistically significant effect on substance use day treatment discharge. However, treatment length and age were associated with completed treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION While spirituality and suicidality are important concepts with relevance to recovery, they did not affect whether clients completed substance use day treatment. However, because recovery is not just about abstinence or risk reduction, suicidality and spiritually likely have relevance for the overall recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Brown
- School of Social Work, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah USA
| | - Cory B Dennis
- School of Social Work, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah USA
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8
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Kádár BK, Péter L, Paksi B, Horváth Z, Felvinczi K, Eisinger A, Griffiths MD, Czakó A, Demetrovics Z, Andó B. Religious status and addictive behaviors: Exploring patterns of use and psychological proneness. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 127:152418. [PMID: 37699271 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have emphasized the role of religiosity as both a protective factor and a factor contributing to the success of recovery in the case of addictive beahaviors. However, the associations between religious status and the involvement in distinct addictive behaviors as well as the associations between religious status and psychological factors have not been comprehensively examined. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to extend the literature by examining the (i) relationship between religiosity and distinct addictive behaviors including substance use and behavioral addictions, and (ii) interactive effects of religious status and psychological factors on addictive behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from two representative samples were analyzed (National Survey on Addiction Problems in Hungary [NSAPH]: N = 1385; 46.8% male; mean age = 41.77 years [SD = 13.08]; and Budapest Longitudinal Study [BLS]: N = 3890; 48.4% male; mean age = 27.06 years [SD = 4.76]). Distinct addictive behaviors and psychological factors related to the psychological proneness to addictive behaviors (impulsivity, sensation seeking, rumination, well-being, mentalization, and worry) were comprehensively examined in relation to religious status (religious, agnostic, and non-religious). Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (MW) tests and multinomial logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS Religious individuals showed significantly lower involvement in addictive behaviors whereas agnostic individuals showed significantly higher involvement in addictive behaviors. With regards to psychological factors related to the proneness to addictive behaviors, agnostic individuals showed the highest level of psychological proneness. The results of multinomial regression models showed that religiosity was protective in the NSAPH sample. However, worry could overwrite the protective effect. In the BLS study, the protective role of religiosity was uncertain. It was not protective in itself, but through interaction with sensation seeking, rumination and uncertian mentalization, religiosity can also be protective. DISCUSSION The findings highlight the general protective role of religiosity in addictions. However, interaction with some psychological contructs can modify the protective role of religious status. The study also highlights the need to take into account agnostic religious status of individuals in future research. Consequently, further studies are needed to explore the causality and mediating roles between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kata Kádár
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 8-10 Korányi fasor, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Lea Péter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 8-10 Korányi fasor, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Borbála Paksi
- Institute of Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 23-27 Kazinczy Street, Budapest H-1075, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Horváth
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest H-1064, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar
| | - Katalin Felvinczi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest H-1064, Hungary
| | - Andrea Eisinger
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest H-1064, Hungary; Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest H-1064, Hungary
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, NG1 4FQ Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Czakó
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest H-1064, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest H-1064, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar.
| | - Bálint Andó
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 8-10 Korányi fasor, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
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Witte T, Amick M, Smith J. Recovery Identity and Psychosocial-Spiritual Health: A Survey of Individuals in Remission From Substance Use Disorders. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426221133039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recovery identity – the degree to which someone identifies as “in recovery” from a substance use disorder – has been shown to be associated with a host of positive health outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test the association between recovery identity, quality of life, spiritual well-being, and relational health in a sample of individuals in remission from moderate or severe SUDs recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform ( n = 494). Results indicated that the presence of a recovery identity was significantly associated with greater spiritual health, but not significantly associated with psychological, social, or environmental quality of life, nor with family functioning. Results have important implications for understanding paths to recovery and important correlates of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Witte
- Human Development, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Matthew Amick
- Human Development, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jesse Smith
- Human Development, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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TAŞ İ. Spiritual Well-being as a Mediator between Internet Addiction and Alienation. SPIRITUAL PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELING 2022. [DOI: 10.37898/spiritualpc.1171408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the negative effects of internet addiction on individuals’ personal and social life is alienation. Spiritual well-being affects both internet addiction and the level of alienation. The present study investigated the mediator effect of spiritual well-being in the relationship between internet addiction and alienation. The study was conducted with 320 college students : 183 (57.2%) female and 137 (42.8%) male. The ages of participants ranged from 19 to 35, and the mean age was 20.74. Data were collected using a personal information form, an internet addiction scale, an alienation scale and a spiritual well-being scale. The analyses showed that internet addiction, alienation and spiritual well-being were correlated. Internet addiction significantly predicted alienation and spiritual well-being. Spiritual well-being significantly predicted alienation. It was found that spiritual well-being partially mediated (indirect effect = .1525) the relationship between internet addiction and alienation. These results showed that spiritual well-being can be an important variable in preventing alienation.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim TAŞ
- SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, PSİKOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, GELİŞİM PSİKOLOJİSİ ANABİLİM DALI
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11
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Korchevoi S. Measurements of spirituality in the context of 12-step treatment: problem with theological analysis. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2022.2048982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Korchevoi
- Theology and Leadership, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom, MA, alumnus
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12
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Travis DJ, Vazquez CE, Spence R, Brooks D. Faith Communities' Improvements in Readiness to Engage in Addictions Resilience and Recovery Support Programming. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3931-3948. [PMID: 33966138 PMCID: PMC8106513 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality and religion are well-documented components of prevention, treatment and recovery of substance use disorders. Faith communities are in a distinct position to support recovery and resilience regarding substance use disorders-not only in times of crisis, but every day. We conducted an exploratory study of congregational (i.e., organizational) "levers" that can drive change readiness in implementing recovery and resilience programming for substance use disorders within faith communities. Findings point to enhanced effectiveness post-intervention and the importance of developing awareness of resources to help with someone who has an alcohol or other drug problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnika J. Travis
- Catalyst, 120 Wall Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10005 USA
| | - Christian E. Vazquez
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Richard Spence
- Addiction Research Institute, 3001 Lake Austin Blvd, 1.204, Austin, TX 78703 USA
| | - Drew Brooks
- Faith Partners, PO Box 130566, St. Paul, MN 55113 USA
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Lovett KL, Weisz C. Religion and Recovery Among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3949-3966. [PMID: 32654014 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Faith-based organizations provide essential recovery services to individuals experiencing homelessness. Research suggests that religion and spirituality aid recovery from alcohol and drug addiction, although less is known about these factors in homeless populations. This study used qualitative interviews to explore the role of religion in recovery from addiction in a sample of 14 adults with a history of homelessness. Analysis of emergent themes revealed that religion provided participants with a range of personal and social benefits, many which addressed personal, social, and tangible losses and crises associated with substance use and homelessness. Understanding the specific benefits religion may provide during recovery can guide research and help providers improve programs for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L Lovett
- Department of Psychology, University of Puget Sound, 1500 North Warner CMB #1046, Tacoma, WA, 98416-1046, USA
| | - Carolyn Weisz
- Department of Psychology, University of Puget Sound, 1500 North Warner CMB #1046, Tacoma, WA, 98416-1046, USA.
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Using the Five Pathways to Nature to Make a Spiritual Connection in Early Recovery from SUD: a Pilot Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are chronic health disorders with exacerbation rates of approximately 50%. Spirituality has been identified as a factor that can improve recovery rates. Various definitions of spirituality exist that include concepts of finding meaning and connection in life and contact with the divine or something larger than ourselves. Patients generally want to include spirituality as part of their health care but barriers often exist for health care providers to address it, including lack of confidence, knowledge, and organizational support, and time constraints. Nursing programs lack content related to spirituality and should increase course content on this subject to improve comfort levels and competencies of nurses. Keeping in mind professional boundaries and respecting patients' individual differences, nurses have the potential to help patients in their recovery journey by facilitating discussion and growth in spirituality. Nurses can also advocate for their patients by including spiritual leaders in integrated health care teams. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(9), 14-17.].
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Segal G. ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS "SPIRITUALITY" AND LONG-TERM SOBRIETY MAINTENANCE AS A TOPIC FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY. Behav Brain Res 2020; 389:112645. [PMID: 32353394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The foundational literature of Alcoholics Anonymous provides a good example of how ideas from different intellectual paradigms can be woven together to enhance understanding of addiction and recovery. A detailed hypothesis about how the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous work as a program of emotion management is presented. The hypothesis assigns a central role to a secular interpretation of spirituality, consistent with naturalism. Clinical research which appears to indicate that spirituality is not the chief mechanism of recovery in Alcoholics Anonymous is critiqued. Interdisciplinary research is required, if the extent and nature of the efficacy of AA's 12 steps are to be understood.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although medical students report relatively high levels of substance use, little is known about the risk and protective factors associated with substance use in this population. This study sought to examine the link between spirituality and substance use among medical students. METHODS As part of a larger study, medical students from all 9 medical schools in the state of Florida were invited to complete an anonymous survey pertaining to distress and well-being. Responses to items assessing self-reported spirituality and substance use were examined and descriptive statistics were analyzed. RESULTS Data from 868 medical students (57% female) were included. Of these, 22.6% described themselves as "non-spiritual," 31.0% described themselves as "spiritual," 18.5% engaged in informal spiritual practices, and 27.9% reported formal spiritual/religious practices. Students who reported stronger spirituality also reported lower rates of substance use. Though 31% of respondents across all levels of spirituality reported that their alcohol consumption increased since starting medical school, rates of binge drinking after exams were inversely related to level of spirituality. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported spirituality appears to be associated with decreased risk of substance use in medical school. Future studies should examine this relation in greater depth.
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Reynolds L, Rogers O, Benford A, Ingwaldson A, Vu B, Holstege T, Alvarado K. Virtual Nature as an Intervention for Reducing Stress and Improving Mood in People with Substance Use Disorder. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2020; 2020:1892390. [PMID: 32518704 PMCID: PMC7256771 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1892390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) afflicts a large percentage of the United States population, with negative implications that cost more than $420 billion annually. This population often experiences negative emotions throughout the recovery process, including anxiety, depression, stress, and negative affect. Currently, evidence-based treatment strategies for SUD include cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, 12-step programs, and mindfulness-based treatment. One intervention that has not been studied at length among individuals with SUD is use of the natural environment as treatment. Among other patient populations, nature has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety by regulating autonomic nervous system function, reducing symptoms of depression, and improving mood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether viewing nature videos could similarly reduce stress and improve mood in individuals with SUD. A crossover design was used to compare viewing a nature scene and practicing mindfulness-based activities for women with SUD at a residential treatment facility. Over four weeks, participants engaged in the two activities for the first 10 minutes of their daily program. Immediately before and after each 10 minute session, measures were taken for heart rate, in beats per minute (BPM); affect, using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS); and overall mood, using a 10-point rating scale from "very unpleasant" to "pleasant." Thirty-six women completed the study. For viewing a nature scene and practicing the mindfulness-based activities, there were statistically significant reductions in mean negative affect scores (p=0.001) and heart rate (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, for participants in both conditions, overall mood improved significantly (p=0.030). The results from this study provide initial evidence that viewing nature has similar benefits to MBT in the treatment of stress and negative mood associated with the SUD recovery process and may be an additional, cost-effective treatment strategy for individuals with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Reynolds
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Northern Arizona University, 435 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Oaklee Rogers
- Faculty Lead for the Community Health Mentor Program (CHMP), 435 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Andrew Benford
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Northern Arizona University, 435 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ammie Ingwaldson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Northern Arizona University, 435 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Bethany Vu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Northern Arizona University, 435 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Tiffany Holstege
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Northern Arizona University, 435 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Korinna Alvarado
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Northern Arizona University, 435 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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19
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Groninger H, Knapik M. Twelve-Step Programs and Spiritual Support at the End of Life. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2019; 36:807-811. [PMID: 30803248 DOI: 10.1177/1049909119832809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experts estimate that over 25 million Americans are in recovery from addiction to alcohol and other drugs. Many will be confronted with a serious progressive illness necessitating palliative care or hospice services. In current literature, substance use disorder has mostly been examined in relation to appropriate symptom assessment and management, opioid risk screening, and controlled substance prescribing practices. However, as hospice and palliative care (HPC) clinicians strive to provide whole person care for the seriously ill, awareness and facilitation of healthy psychosocial-spiritual coping strategies for recovering addicts should enhance such care. One of the more common support mechanisms to support recovery is the 12-step program, based on Alcoholics Anonymous. Twelve-step programs have been shown to provide effective coping strategies, not only to help facilitate ongoing abstinence but also to support other psychosocial-spiritual crises. The HPC providers may help to serve those living with addiction disorders better by assessing not only patient histories of substance use/abuse and other addictive behaviors but by facilitating their ongoing support recovery efforts. Here, we use 2 HPC cases to illustrate the value of 12-step recovery programs in patient support and provide recommendations for enhancing such healthy coping in HPC clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Knapik
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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20
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Demir-Dagdas T, Child ST. Religious Affiliation, Informal Participation, and Network Support Associated With Substance Use: Differences Across Age Groups. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 46:656-665. [PMID: 30786755 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119826259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Associations between religious involvement and substance use are well established. However, limited research examines the effects of religious affiliation, informal participation, and network support on substance use among two distinct age cohorts. Objectives. This study aims to examine whether religious affiliation, informal participation, and network support are associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among young and late middle-age adults. Method. The UC Berkeley Social Networks Study (Wave 1, 2015) offers novel cohort data on young (21-30 years old, n = 483) and late middle-age (50-70 years old, n = 673) adults. Poisson regression models were used to predict alcohol use, while logistic regression models were used to predict odds of smoking and marijuana use. Results. Among young adults, membership in a religious organization was associated with less alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Conversely, participating in informal organizations was associated with more alcohol and marijuana use. Desiring more people to talk to and get together with were associated with more smoking and drinking, respectively. However, wishing more people to ask for help was associated with less substance use altogether. In a similar pattern, among older adults, religious involvement was associated with less alcohol and marijuana use. Desiring more people to ask for help was also related to less marijuana use. Conclusion. Younger adult participation in informal groups serves to encourage social substance use. In contrast, older people are more involved in religious groups, which support social behaviors that do not include substance use.
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Beraldo L, Gil F, Ventriglio A, de Andrade AG, da Silva AG, Torales J, Gonçalves PD, Bhugra D, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Spirituality, Religiosity and Addiction Recovery: Current Perspectives. Curr Drug Res Rev 2019; 11:26-32. [PMID: 29895258 DOI: 10.2174/1874473711666180612075954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are an important public health problem with a multifactorial etiology and limited effective treatment options. Within this context, spirituality-based approaches may provide interesting and useful options in managing substance use disorders. This kind of intervention can have positive effects in alleviating some core symptoms associated with substance use, such as aggressiveness. Improvement in cessation rates for alcohol, cocaine and opioid use disorders have also been described in some clinical studies. However, spirituality may not play a beneficial role in some subgroups, such as among individuals with crack cocaine and cannabis use disorders. A widely available intervention for alcohol use disorders is Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which can be seen as a spirituality-based intervention. Spirituality also seems to be especially beneficial for minorities such as Latinos, African-Americans and Native-Americans. Moreover, spiritual-based interventions are also helpful alternatives in many rural environments where conventional healthcare for substance use disorders may not be easily available. However, spiritual-based interventions may be considered as a possible adjunctive therapeutic option to conventional treatments. There is a need for prospective studies outside U.S., especially where spiritual-based approaches are available. It may be difficult to carry out randomized controlled trials because of the nature of the spiritual/ religious dimensions. However, prospective studies that evaluate mediation effect of spirituality and religiosity on recovery would be helpful. Qualitative studies combined with quantitative design offer excellent options to evaluate the recovery process, especially among special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beraldo
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gil
- ABC Center for Mental Health Studies, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Arthur G de Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, Fundacao do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscila D Gonçalves
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - João M Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- ABC Center for Mental Health Studies, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, Fundacao do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
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22
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Testino G, Bottaro LC, Patussi V, Scafato E, Addolorato G, Leone S, Renzetti D, Balbinot P, Greco G, Fanucchi T, Schiappacasse G, Cardinale P, Allosio P, Pellicano R, Caputo F. Addiction disorders: a need for change. Proposal for a new management. Position paper of SIA, Italian Society on Alcohol. Minerva Med 2018; 109. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.18.05741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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23
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Haroosh E, Freedman S. Posttraumatic growth and recovery from addiction. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2017; 8:1369832. [PMID: 29038678 PMCID: PMC5632763 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1369832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well documented that individuals coping with adverse events report both negative outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress symptoms, as well as positive changes, described as posttraumatic growth. Positive changes are also reported in people who have recovered from substance abuse. It seems plausible from the literature that both of these types of positive changes have elements in common. To date, no published studies have examined positive outcomes among people who have recovered from addiction. Objectives: In this study, posttraumatic growth in individuals who were formerly addicted to alcohol or substances, termed 'addiction-related growth,' was examined. Addiction-related growth refers to the growth that an individual undergoes as a result of the addiction itself, and the recovery from the addiction. A successful recovery from addiction is associated with positive changes, particularly regarding spirituality and meaning-making, and the construct of addiction-related growth may explain why. Method: This cross-sectional study examined growth among 104 individuals who had recovered from addiction who were recruited from addiction treatment programmes, between February and July 2012. Questionnaires assessed demographics and substance abuse use and treatment, posttraumatic growth (PTGI); social support (Perceived Social Support Questionnaire); and help-seeking (Willingness to Seek Help Scale). Data was analysed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlations, and multiple regression. Results: Results indicated that addiction-related growth is a phenomenon that accurately captures the positive changes experienced as a result of an individual's struggle with addiction and recovery. This growth was found to be associated with participation in 12-steps programmes, and to be predicted by levels of perceived social support. Conclusions: The results show that recovery from addiction is associated with addiction-related growth. These positive changes, along with the importance of communal social support, resemble the changes that take place as a result of processes described in 12-steps programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Haroosh
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Freedman
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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24
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Medlock MM, Rosmarin DH, Connery HS, Griffin ML, Weiss RD, Karakula SL, McHugh RK. Religious coping in patients with severe substance use disorders receiving acute inpatient detoxification. Am J Addict 2017; 26:744-750. [PMID: 28836712 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Religious coping, one of the most widely studied components of spirituality among psychiatric populations, has rarely been addressed in patients with severe substance use disorders (SUD). The aim of our study was to elucidate whether religious coping is related to symptom expression and mutual-help participation. METHODS Self-reported religious coping was assessed in individuals sequentially admitted to a private psychiatric hospital for inpatient detoxification. Target symptoms of SUD included severity of substance use prior to admission and craving during detoxification. Three hundred thirty-one patients (68.6% male) participated in the survey; mean age was 38.0 years, and primary presenting diagnosis was most commonly alcohol use disorder (n = 202; 61%), followed by opioid use disorder (n = 119; 36%). RESULTS Positive religious coping was associated with significantly greater mutual-help participation, fewer days of drug use prior to admission, and was modestly, yet significantly associated with lower drug craving. Negative religious coping was associated with lower confidence in the ability to remain abstinent post-discharge and higher drug craving. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with hypotheses, greater positive religious coping was associated with greater mutual-help participation, lower severity of pre-admission drug use, and lower substance craving during detoxification. Use of positive religious coping may modify the course of SUD recovery by promoting engagement in mutual-help activities. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study suggest that positive and negative religious coping are linked with several key SUD recovery variables. Further research to replicate this finding and to assess mechanisms within this potential association is warranted. (Am J Addict 2017;26:744-750).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Medlock
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Spirituality and Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - David H Rosmarin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Spirituality and Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary S Connery
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret L Griffin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Roger D Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | | | - R Kathryn McHugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
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25
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Kerlin AM. Therapeutic Change in a Christian SUD Program: Mental Health, Attachment, and Attachment to God. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2017.1355218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Noormohammadi MR, Nikfarjam M, Deris F, Parvin N. Spiritual Well-Being and Associated Factors with Relapse in Opioid Addicts. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:VC07-VC10. [PMID: 28511485 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/22819.9587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioid dependence relapse is a complex and multidimensional problem, and lack of spiritual well-being is a major concern in opioid addicts. AIM This study was conducted to determine spiritual well-being and factors associated with relapse among opioid addicts. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2015 to September 2015. According to purposive sampling, 312 eligible addicted patients were enrolled in the study. The patients had at least an attempt of detoxification in the past six months and referred to an outpatient detoxification clinic in Shahrekord (Southwest, Iran). They completed Paloutzian and Ellison's Spiritual Well-being Scale. A researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and 20 questions about associated factors with relapse was administered. Data were analysed by version 16.0 (SPSS Inc.,Chicago, IL) using one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation test, chi-square, Friedman test, and student's t-test. RESULTS The most important factors associated with opioid dependence relapse consist of relation with an addict friend, unemployment, living expenses, family conflicts, and somatic pain. In the present study, 157 patients had never experienced relapse while the mean of relapse in the rest participants was (3.25±1.53) times. Furthermore, the addicted patients with relapse had significantly lower scores of spiritual well-being and its subscales compared with non-relapse patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate the necessity of paying attention to spiritual well-being, family and economical, personal, and occupational factors as crucial factors in opiate addiction relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Nikfarjam
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Deris
- Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Neda Parvin
- Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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27
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Ranes B, Johnson R, Nelson L, Slaymaker V. The Role of Spirituality in Treatment Outcomes Following a Residential 12-Step Program. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2016.1257275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Ranes
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan Johnson
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lindsay Nelson
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Center City, Minnesota, USA
| | - Valerie Slaymaker
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Center City, Minnesota, USA
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28
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Wilcox CE, Tonigan JS. Changes in depression mediate the effects of AA attendance on alcohol use outcomes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 44:103-112. [PMID: 27892692 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1249283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression may contribute to increased drinking in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Although Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance predicts drinking reductions, there is conflicting information regarding the intermediary role played by reductions in depression. OBJECTIVES We explored whether AA attendance reduces depressive symptoms, the degree to which improvement in depression results in reductions in drinking, and in which subgroups these effects occur. METHODS 253 early AA affiliates (63% male) were recruited and assessed at baseline 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and was administered at baseline 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. AA attendance and alcohol use outcomes were obtained with the Form 90. Mediation analyses were performed at early (3, 6, and 9 months) and late (12, 18, and 24 months) follow-up to investigate the degree to which reductions in depression mediated the effect of AA attendance on drinking, controlling for concurrent drinking. In addition, a series of moderated mediation analyses were performed using baseline depression severity as a moderator. RESULTS At early follow-up, reductions in depression (6 months) mediated the effects of AA attendance (3 months) on later drinking (drinks per drinking day) (9 months) (b = -0.02, boot CI [-0.055, -0.0004]), controlling for drinking at 6 months. Baseline depression severity did not moderate the degree to which BDI mediated the effects of AA attendance on alcohol use (ps > .05). CONCLUSION These findings provide further evidence that depression reduction is a mechanism by which AA attendance leads to reductions in alcohol use. Improving depression may help reduce alcohol use in individuals with AUD, and AA attendance may be an effective way to achieve that goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Wilcox
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - J Scott Tonigan
- b Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addiction , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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29
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Agrawal A, Grant JD, Haber JR, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Bucholz KK, Sartor CE. Differences between White and Black young women in the relationship between religious service attendance and alcohol involvement. Am J Addict 2016; 26:437-445. [PMID: 27749011 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of religious attendance during childhood (C-RA) and adulthood (A-RA) with alcohol involvement (ever drinking, timing of first alcohol use, and alcohol use disorder [AUD]) in White and Black female twins. As genetic and environmental factors influence religious attendance and alcohol involvement, we examined the extent to which they contribute to their association. METHODS Data on 3,234 White and 553 Black female twins (18-29 years) from the Missouri Adolescent Female twin Study. Significant correlations between C-RA or A-RA and alcohol involvement were parsed into their additive genetic, shared environmental, and individual-specific environmental sources. RESULTS C-RA was associated with ever drinking and timing of first alcohol use in Whites. A-RA was associated with ever drinking and AUD in both Whites and Blacks. Shared environmental influences did not contribute to alcohol or religiosity phenotypes in Blacks. In Whites, the association between C-RA and alcohol was due to shared environmental influences, whereas the association between A-RA and alcohol was attributable to additive genetic, shared environmental, and individual-specific environmental sources. Individual-specific environment and genetics contributed to associations between A-RA and ever drinking and AUD, respectively, in Blacks. CONCLUSIONS Factors other than C-RA contribute to lower rates of alcohol involvement in Blacks. Shared environment does not contribute to links between A-RA and alcohol involvement in Blacks. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The protective impact of childhood religiosity on alcohol use and misuse is important in Whites and is due to familial factors shared by religiosity and alcohol involvement. (Am J Addict 2017;26:437-445).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia D Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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30
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Oikonomou MT, Arvanitis M, Sokolove RL. Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. J Health Psychol 2016; 22:1841-1850. [PMID: 27044630 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316637667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that mindfulness training has a promising potential for smoking treatment. In order to examine the efficacy of mindfulness training in smoking cessation, we performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Four randomized controlled trials with 474 patients were included in our analysis. The results showed that 25.2 percent of participants remained abstinent for more than 4 months in the mindfulness group compared to 13.6 percent of those who received usual care therapy (relative risk, 1.88; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04-3.40). Our results suggest that mindfulness training may have an important role to play in efforts to lower cigarette smoking rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert L Sokolove
- 2 Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, USA.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, USA
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