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Vo TT, Demir C, French BF, Austin BW, Strand PS. Latent profile similarity of middle and high school youth risk and needs. J Sch Psychol 2023; 99:101216. [PMID: 37507186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Research concerning school success and completion has grown increasingly complex with the number of proposed associated risk and needs domains. As the number of domains expands, various data analytical techniques have been employed to understand them, including the modeling of latent profiles, to better understand how risks and needs aggregate at the level of individual persons. Latent profile analysis helps identify individuals' subgroups based on salient combinations of characteristics. The present study used latent profile analysis and a systematic profile similarity approach to examine the profiles across middle and high school student cohorts. The study replicates the profiles of previous work with high school students and extends this to middle school students. We used two independent cohorts to replicate a 3-profile solution for middle and high school samples. Results supported a similar 3-profile solution for both samples, with minor discrepancies. Results are discussed with respect to the replication and extension of the 3-profile model and its application to efforts to improve outcomes for youth in both grade level cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T Vo
- Learning and Performance Research Laboratory, Washington State University, USA
| | - Cihan Demir
- Learning and Performance Research Laboratory, Washington State University, USA
| | - Brian F French
- Learning and Performance Research Laboratory, Washington State University, USA.
| | - Bruce W Austin
- Learning and Performance Research Laboratory, Washington State University, USA
| | - Paul S Strand
- Learning and Performance Research Laboratory, Washington State University, USA
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Keppens G. Who is absent from school when? An optimal matching analysis of within-year variation in the timing of school absences. J Sch Psychol 2022; 95:90-104. [PMID: 36371127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although school absenteeism trajectories can be studied through various parameters and dimensions, such as the amount of school absenteeism, sequence, and timing, most studies have only focused on changes in the amount of school absenteeism. However, when investigating the nature of school absenteeism, an analysis cannot be restricted to just changes in the amount of school absenteeism. In this article, I show how applying optimal matching on time-stamped half days of missed school (n = 6260) enables researchers, policy makers, and school professionals to uncover socio-temporal regularities in trajectories of non-attendance (i.e., the degree to which groups of pupils are absent at the same time and in the same rhythm within a given school year). Results indicated that students fall into five types of trajectories, and that these are highly predictive of student's examination results at the end of the school year. In the Discussion, I elaborate on the implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Keppens
- Department of Sociology, Research Group TOR, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
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A scoping review of school-level risk and protective factors of youth cannabis use: An application of the socio-ecological model. Prev Med 2022; 164:107235. [PMID: 36084753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Risk and protective factors for cannabis use exist at various levels of influence, and the school environment can play a key role in preventing cannabis use and initiation as most youth. By using the socio-ecological model to hierarchically characterize school-specific risk and protective factors, a wholistic approach to school-based cannabis use prevention can be demonstrated. This study uses scoping review methodology to describe current research on school-level risk and protective factors of youth cannabis use. The socio-ecological model was used as a guiding framework to characterize the literature. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were used to retrieve original research articles published between 2010 and 2020 that examined cannabis use as a main outcome of interest. Articles that examined school-related risk and protective factors within participants who were 18 years old or younger were included. Articles that met the pre-established criteria were extracted and categorised by theme based on levels of the socio-ecological framework. Four levels of risk and protective factors related to the school environment were identified (individual, interpersonal, community, and societal). A majority of school-based research examined individual and societal factors that influenced youth cannabis use. Our findings suggest most available research has focused on individual and societal school-level factors of cannabis use. A number of consistent themes were identified, however, findings were mixed and demonstrate the need for a more critical examination of research in order to understand which risk and protective factors are most influential among youth.
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Santos AC, Simões C, Branquinho C, Arriaga P. Truancy: The relevance of resilience-related internal assets, student engagement and perception of school success in youth living with parents and in residential care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022:105819. [PMID: 35931564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School absenteeism is associated with multiple negative short and long-term impacts, such as school grade retention and mental health difficulties. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to understand the role of resilience-related internal assets, student engagement, and perception of school success as protective factors for truancy. Additionally, we investigated whether there were differences in these variables between students living in residential care and students living with their parents. METHODS This study included 118 participants aged 11 to 23 years old (M = 17.16, SE = 0.26). The majority were female (n = 61, 51.7 %) and Portuguese (n = 98, 83.1 %), with half living in residential care. In this cross-sectional study, participants responded to self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to understand the factors associated with truancy. RESULTS There were no group differences in resilience-related internal assets and their perception of school success. On the contrary, participants in residential care reported more unexcused school absences, more grade retentions, higher levels of depression, and lower levels of student engagement. Moreover, hierarchical linear regression controlling for key variables (i.e., living in residential care or with parents, school grade retention, and depression) showed that perception of school success and resilience-related internal assets significantly contributed to truancy. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in the context of universal and selective interventions. These interventions can foster individual strengths and provide opportunities for every student to experience success. Consequently, they promote engagement and reduce the likelihood of school absences, especially for those in more vulnerable situations such as youth in residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Caetano Santos
- Aventura Social and DECSH, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Celeste Simões
- Aventura Social and DECSH, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Branquinho
- Aventura Social and DECSH, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Arriaga
- ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Edwards KM, Siller L, Eliason S, Hernandez N, Jones J, Richardson A, Schmidt AJ. The Girls' Leadership Academy: A Promising, Empowerment-Based Approach to the Prevention of Sexual Violence. Violence Against Women 2022; 28:1035-1059. [PMID: 34967669 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211051402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence (SV) is a pernicious issue that disproportionally impacts girls and women. Although few initiatives have demonstrated effectiveness in leading to reductions in SV, global health organizations have identified empowerment-based programs as a promising approach to SV prevention. The purpose of this article is to discuss the Girls Leadership Academy (GLA), a program of the Nebraska's Women's Center for Advancement, which is a "homegrown," theoretically grounded, practice-based SV prevention program for adolescent girls. More specifically, we discuss previous research relevant to the GLA; the theoretical underpinnings of the GLA; and the history, context, and content of the GLA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Siller
- 4559University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sara Eliason
- Women's Center for Advancement, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Johanna Jones
- Women's Center for Advancement, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - A J Schmidt
- Women's Center for Advancement, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Shin YJ, Ji E, Park S. Korean College Students’ Attitudes toward Disability and Inclusive Education: Latent Profile Analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the differences in cognitive-behavioral attitudes and emotional connectedness toward people with disabilities (PWDs) and the attitudes toward inclusive education. In total, 309 college students from various universities in South Korea aged from 18 to 29 years (177 male and 130 female) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were completed a set of questionnaires: Social Distance Toward Disabilities scale, Interaction with Disabled Person Scale, and Teachers’ Attitudes toward Inclusive Education Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to model four distinct types: distant (3.56%), lukewarm (73.91%), rationalizing (8.41%), and potential proactive (14.12%). The majority of participants were lukewarm type who had a slightly cognitive-behavioral distance with mediocre empathy toward PWDs, which links to vague stands toward inclusive education. Potential proactive type, the second largest group, showed a positive attitude toward inclusive education with a high level of empathy but still had ambivalent perceptions toward PWDs. The rationalizing and distant groups had one thing in common that they had a relatively low level of empathy toward PWDs, but showed a markedly opposite position in inclusive education. The findings indicate that interventions should be tailored based on the type-specific attitudes and experiences with PWDs in public and educational settings.
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Kethineni S, Frazier‐Kouassi S, Shigemoto Y, Jennings W, Cardwell SM, Piquero AR, Gay K, Sundaravadivelu D. PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of parent-engagement programs to reduce truancy and juvenile delinquency: A systematic review. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2021; 17:e1189. [PMID: 37051447 PMCID: PMC8988699 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to synthesize the evaluation evidence for parent-engagement programs that focus on reducing juvenile truancy as the primary outcome. Delinquent behavior will be assessed as a secondary outcome when included. This objective is guided by the following research questions: (1) what is the effectiveness of parent-engagement programs for children in preschool (ages 4-5) through secondary education (ages 13-19) on primarily (a) reducing student truancy (i.e., unexcused or unauthorized absence) and secondarily (and when included) (b) reducing delinquent behaviors? (2) Is there variability in the effectiveness of parent-engagement programs across moderators such as gender, age, grade levels, settings, and contexts? (3) What factors (e.g., groups, settings, and contexts) explain the variability in the effectiveness of engagement programs in a multivariate framework?
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesha Kethineni
- Department of Justice StudiesPrairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTexasUSA
| | - Susan Frazier‐Kouassi
- Texas Juvenile Crime Prevention Center, College of Juvenile Justice & PsychologyPrairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTexasUSA
| | - Yuki Shigemoto
- Department of PsychologyPrairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTexas
| | - Wesley Jennings
- Department of Criminal Justice and Legal StudiesThe University of MississippiUniversityMississippiUSA
| | | | | | - Kimberly Gay
- John B. Coleman LibraryPrairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTexasUSA
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8
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Nathwani G, Shoaib A, Shafi A, Furukawa TA, Huy NT. Impact of COVID-2019 on school attendance problems. J Glob Health 2021; 11:03084. [PMID: 34386209 PMCID: PMC8325878 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Nathwani
- American University of Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Adeel Shoaib
- American University of Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Alliya Shafi
- American University of Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
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Gonzálvez C, Sanmartín R, Vicent M, García-Fernández JM. Exploring different types of school refusers through latent profile analysis and school-related stress associations. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211029464. [PMID: 34283689 PMCID: PMC10450715 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211029464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Children experience significant number of stressful situations at school during their academic years. The aims of this study were to identify school refusers groups of children through latent profile analysis and to test their associations with school-related sources and manifestation of stress. Data were obtained from 755 schoolchildren (8-11 years) from public and private schools of Alicante and Murcia (Spain), using the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) and the School Situation Survey (SSS). In general, positive and statistically significant correlations were identified between school refusal behavior and school-related sources and manifestations of stress. School refusers groups were derived from the combination of high and low scores in the four functional conditions assessed by the SRAS-R. "Low School Refusal Behavior Profile,""School Refusal Behavior by Positive Reinforcement Profile" and "Mixed School Refusal Behavior Profile" were identified. The percentages of children within these profiles were 47.7%, 46.6%, and 5.7%, respectively. The Mixed School Refusal Behavior Profile was the group with the highest average scores in the school-related stress factors. In contrast, the group with the lowest mean scores was the Low School Refusal Behavior Profile. By comparing the Low School Refusal Behavior Profile with the Mixed School Refusal Behavior Profile, the largest effect sizes were found. Findings are discussed from a socio-ecological perspective considering the school context conditions as key elements in the development of school refusal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanmartín
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Vicent
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Frank JL, Fiegel KA. Features of the School Environment That Moderate Adolescent Marijuana Use: An Application and Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2021.1910091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Virtanen T, Räikkönen E, Engels M, Vasalampi K, Lerkkanen MK. Student engagement, truancy, and cynicism: A longitudinal study from primary school to upper secondary education. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2021.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Kearney CA. Integrating Systemic and Analytic Approaches to School Attendance Problems: Synergistic Frameworks for Research and Policy Directions. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Waltereit J, Czieschnek C, Albertowski K, Roessner V, Waltereit R. Family and Developmental History of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Importance of the Clinical Diagnostic Interview for Diagnosis in Adolescents. An Explorative Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:703023. [PMID: 34764892 PMCID: PMC8575716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be made early in childhood, but also later in adolescence or adulthood. In the latter cases, concerns about an individual's behavior typically lead to consultation of a mental health professional (MHP). As part of the initial clinical examination by the MHP, a clinical diagnostic interview is performed, in order to obtain the patient's history, and may lead to the hypothesis of ASD. We were here interested to study family and developmental history as key parts of the patient's history. The aim of the study was to investigate empirical differences between adolescents with ASD and adolescent control persons in family and developmental history. Method: Clinical diagnostic interview items addressing family and developmental history were adopted from their regular use at several university hospitals and in leading textbooks. Parents of male adolescents with normal intelligence and an ASD diagnosis (n = 67) and parents of male adolescents without psychiatric diagnosis (n = 51) between the age of 12 and 17 years were investigated. Data were operationalized into three categories: 0 = normal behavior, 1 = minor pathological behavior, and 2 = major pathological behavior. Differences were analyzed by multiple t-test of two-way ANOVA. Results: Adolescents with ASD expressed a profile of items significantly differing from control persons. Comparison of significant items with the empirical ASD literature indicated robust accordance. Conclusions: Our findings support the importance and feasibility of the clinical diagnostic interview of family and developmental history for initiation of the diagnostic process of ASD in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Waltereit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Czieschnek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Albertowski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Waltereit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Gonzálvez C, Díaz-Herrero Á, Sanmartín R, Vicent M, Fernández-Sogorb A, García-Fernández JM. Testing the Functional Profiles of School Refusal Behavior and Clarifying Their Relationship With School Anxiety. Front Public Health 2020; 8:598915. [PMID: 33344402 PMCID: PMC7744459 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.598915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Students with school attendance problems are a diverse and heterogeneous group whose patterns of symptomatology can change over time. This study aims to identify different school refusal behavior profiles and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on four situational factors and three response systems of school anxiety across gender. The participants were 1,685 Spanish students (49% female) aged 15–18 years (M = 16.28; SD =0.97). The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) and the School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) were administered. Latent profile analysis revealed five school refusal behavior profiles: Non-School Refusal Behavior, Mixed School Refusal Behavior, School Refusal Behavior by Positive Reinforcement, Low School Refusal Behavior, and High School Refusal Behavior. The results indicated that High School Refusal Behavior and Mixed School Refusal Behavior groups were the most maladaptive profiles since it obtained the highest mean scores on school anxiety. In contrast, Non-School Refusal and School Refusal Behavior by Positive Reinforcement groups revealed the lowest scores in school anxiety. Non-significant gender-based differences were found, only girls were more represented in the mixed school refusal behavior profile in comparison with boys but with a small effect size. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of promoting good mental health to prevent school attendance problems in adolescents and younger ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Ángela Díaz-Herrero
- Department of Development Psychology and Education University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanmartín
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - María Vicent
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Aitana Fernández-Sogorb
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - José M García-Fernández
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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15
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Testing factorial invariance and latent means differences of the school refusal assessment scale-revised in Ecuadorian adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Eklund K, Burns MK, Oyen K, DeMarchena S, McCollom EM. Addressing Chronic Absenteeism in Schools: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence-Based Interventions. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2020.1789436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kari Oyen
- University of South Dakota Ringgold standard institution
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Gonzálvez C, Díaz-Herrero Á, Vicent M, Sanmartín R, Pérez-Sánchez AM, García-Fernández JM. School refusal behavior: Latent class analysis approach and its relationship with psychopathological symptoms. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fornander MJ, Kearney CA. Internalizing Symptoms as Predictors of School Absenteeism Severity at Multiple Levels: Ensemble and Classification and Regression Tree Analysis. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3079. [PMID: 32038423 PMCID: PMC6985447 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
School attendance problems are highly prevalent worldwide, leading researchers to investigate many different risk factors for this population. Of considerable controversy is how internalizing behavior problems might help to distinguish different types of youth with school attendance problems. In addition, efforts are ongoing to identify the point at which children and adolescents move from appropriate school attendance to problematic school absenteeism. The present study utilized ensemble and classification and regression tree analysis to identify potential internalizing behavior risk factors among youth at different levels of school absenteeism severity (i.e., 1+%, 3+%, 5+%, 10+%). Higher levels of absenteeism were also examined on an exploratory basis. Participants included 160 youth aged 6-19 years (M = 13.7; SD = 2.9) and their families from an outpatient therapy clinic (39.4%) and community (60.6%) setting, the latter from a family court and truancy diversion program cohort. One particular item relating to lack of enjoyment was most predictive of absenteeism severity at different levels, though not among the highest levels. Other internalizing items were also predictive of various levels of absenteeism severity, but only in a negatively endorsed fashion. Internalizing symptoms of worry and fatigue tended to be endorsed higher across less severe and more severe absenteeism severity levels. A general expectation that predictors would tend to be more homogeneous at higher than lower levels of absenteeism severity was not generally supported. The results help confirm the difficulty of conceptualizing this population based on forms of behavior but may support the need for early warning sign screening for youth at risk for school attendance problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirae J. Fornander
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Gakh M, Coughenour C, Assoumou BO, Vanderstelt M. The Relationship between School Absenteeism and Substance Use: An Integrative Literature Review. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:491-502. [PMID: 31805820 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1686021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic school absenteeism is prevalent among high school students in the United States. Its impacts on academic success and health are cause for concern. One specific area of concern is its relationship to youth substance use; chronic absenteeism is associated with using alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and other drugs. Despite important findings, absent from the literature is a recent and systematic synthesis of related research. Objective: We aimed to examine the literature to provide a better understanding of the relationship between chronic school absenteeism and the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and other drugs among U.S. high school students. Methods: We conducted an integrative review of existing peer-reviewed literature using key terms in five databases from the education and health sectors. We included English-language, quantitative and qualitative studies published between 1992 and October 2017 and focused on U.S. students in grades 9 through 12 and between ages 13 and 21. We extracted data and study quality measures for included studies. Results: After screening 3,130 articles using titles and abstracts and reviewing 99 full-text articles, 37 met inclusion criteria. Most were cross-sectional, used local-level data, widely varied in sampling, were of limited generalizability, and simultaneously considered school absenteeism and the use of multiple substances. Due to methodological issues, the relationship between chronic absenteeism and substance use is difficult to fully understand. Conclusions: We confirm the connection between school absenteeism and substance use among U.S. youth, highlight a limited understanding of how and why this relationship manifests, and call for absenteeism research that uses longitudinal methods, national data, and clearly articulated methodologies and self-appraised limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Gakh
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada USA
| | - Courtney Coughenour
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada USA
| | | | - Melissa Vanderstelt
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada USA
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Keppens G, Spruyt B, Dockx J. Measuring School Absenteeism: Administrative Attendance Data Collected by Schools Differ From Self-Reports in Systematic Ways. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2623. [PMID: 31849752 PMCID: PMC6901495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to use attendance monitoring within an integrative strategy for preventing, assessing and addressing cases of youth with school absenteeism, we need to know whether the attendance data collected by schools cover all students with (emerging) school attendance problems (SAPs). The current article addresses this issue by comparing administrative attendance data collected by schools with self-reported attendance data from the same group of students (age 15–16) in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium (N = 4344). We seek to answer the following question: does an estimation of unauthorized absenteeism based on attendance data as collected by schools through electronic registration differ from self-reported unauthorized absenteeism and, if so, are the differences between administrative and self-reported unauthorized absenteeism systematic? Our results revealed a weak association between self-reported unauthorized school absenteeism and registered unauthorized school absenteeism. Boys, students in technical and vocational tracks and students who speak a foreign language at home, with a less-educated mother and who receive a school allowance, received more registered unauthorized absences than they reported themselves. In addition, pupils with school refusal and who were often authorized absent from school received more registered unauthorized absences compared to their self-reported unauthorized school absenteeism. In the discussion, we elaborate on the implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Keppens
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Spruyt
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dockx
- Centre for Educational Effectiveness and Evaluation, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gonzálvez C, Díaz-Herrero Á, Vicent M, Sanmartín R, Pérez-Sánchez AM, García-Fernández JM. Subtyping of Adolescents with School Refusal Behavior: Exploring Differences Across Profiles in Self-Concept. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4780. [PMID: 31795273 PMCID: PMC6926772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Not all adolescents with school attendance problems attribute their behavior to the same causes. Knowing the subtypes of students who reject school and their relationship with new variables, such as self-concept, is an unresolved task. This study aimed to identify different school refusal behavior profiles and to determine whether these profiles differed from each other based on the scores of the eleven dimensions of self-concept (Physical appearance, Physical abilities, Parent relations, Same-sex relations, Opposite-sex relations, Honesty, Emotional stability, Self-esteem, Verbal, Math, and General school). The participants were 1315 Spanish students (57.6% male) aged 12-18 years (M = 15.21; SD = 1.74). The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised and the Self-Description Questionnaire II-Short Form were administered. A latent class analysis revealed four school refusal behavior profiles: Moderately High School Refusal Behavior, Moderately Low School Refusal Behavior, Mixed School Refusal Behavior and Non-School Refusal Behavior. The results indicated that the Mixed School Refusal Behavior group was the most maladaptive profile and revealed the lowest mean scores on self-concept. In contrast, Non-School Refusal and Moderately Low School Refusal Behavior groups revealed the highest scores in all dimensions of self-concept. Implications for working toward the prevention of school refusal in students with low self-concept are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.G.); (M.V.); (R.S.); (A.M.P.-S.); (J.M.G.-F.)
| | - Ángela Díaz-Herrero
- Department of Development Psychology and Education University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Vicent
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.G.); (M.V.); (R.S.); (A.M.P.-S.); (J.M.G.-F.)
| | - Ricardo Sanmartín
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.G.); (M.V.); (R.S.); (A.M.P.-S.); (J.M.G.-F.)
| | - Antonio M. Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.G.); (M.V.); (R.S.); (A.M.P.-S.); (J.M.G.-F.)
| | - José M. García-Fernández
- Department of Development Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.G.); (M.V.); (R.S.); (A.M.P.-S.); (J.M.G.-F.)
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Kearney CA, Gonzálvez C, Graczyk PA, Fornander MJ. Reconciling Contemporary Approaches to School Attendance and School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion and Nimble Response, Global Policy Review and Implementation, and Future Adaptability (Part 1). Front Psychol 2019; 10:2222. [PMID: 31681069 PMCID: PMC6805702 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
School attendance is an important foundational competency for children and adolescents, and school absenteeism has been linked to myriad short- and long-term negative consequences, even into adulthood. Many efforts have been made to conceptualize and address this population across various categories and dimensions of functioning and across multiple disciplines, resulting in both a rich literature base and a splintered view regarding this population. This article (Part 1 of 2) reviews and critiques key categorical and dimensional approaches to conceptualizing school attendance and school absenteeism, with an eye toward reconciling these approaches (Part 2 of 2) to develop a roadmap for preventative and intervention strategies, early warning systems and nimble response, global policy review, dissemination and implementation, and adaptations to future changes in education and technology. This article sets the stage for a discussion of a multidimensional, multi-tiered system of supports pyramid model as a heuristic framework for conceptualizing the manifold aspects of school attendance and school absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Patricia A. Graczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mirae J. Fornander
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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23
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Gonzálvez C, Inglés CJ, Martínez-Palau A, Sanmartín R, Vicent M, García-Fernández JM. Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale: Factorial Invariance, Latent Mean Differences, and Its Impact on School Refusal Behavior in Spanish Children. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1894. [PMID: 31474918 PMCID: PMC6702306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the factorial invariance and latent mean differences across gender of the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (Study 1) and to value the function of social functioning as a protective ability of school refusal behavior (Study 2). Participants were Spanish students aged 8–12 years carefully chosen by simple random cluster, 345 for the first study (M = 9.17; SD = 1.03) and 1,032 students for the second study (M = 10.02; SD = 1.77). The measures used were the Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAFS) and the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R). Results about the validation of the scale supported the model proposed in this study for the CASAFS, with 15 items and a four-factor structure (school performance, peer relationships, family relationships, and home duties/self-care). Findings revealed invariance across gender for this model and good internal consistency levels were exhibited in each of the four dimensions of the CASAFS (0.76, 0.72, 0.74, and 0.71). Latent mean differences did not report differences between boys and girls. Regarding the second study, the social functioning acted as a protective factor of school refusal behavior by negatively and significantly predicting high scores in school refusal behavior due to anxiety symptoms or feelings of negative affect linked to the obligation to attend school. Opposite results were found for those students who justify their refusal to attend school in pursuing tangible reinforcements outside the school setting. These findings strengthen the reliability and validity of the CASAFS and the idea of social functioning as a person’s ability which could prevent school refusal behavior is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cándido J Inglés
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Palau
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanmartín
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Vicent
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M García-Fernández
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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24
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Filippello P, Buzzai C, Costa S, Sorrenti L. School Refusal and Absenteeism: Perception of Teacher Behaviors, Psychological Basic Needs, and Academic Achievement. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1471. [PMID: 31316431 PMCID: PMC6610479 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
School refusal (SR) is a complex problem that may be caused by different risk factors such as individual and contextual factors (Kearney, 2007; Maynard et al., 2018; Heyne et al., 2019). These mechanisms can be described in the context of self-determination theory (SDT). For these reasons, the purpose of the present study is investigate the relationship between teacher perceived psychological control and support, psychological basic needs, SR behavior, and academic achievement, on adolescent sample. It is hypothesized that teacher perceived psychological control and autonomy support play a role on need frustration and need satisfaction; in turn, need satisfaction could reduce while need frustration could promote SR behavior and number of absences. Finally, SR behavior and number of absences could reduce academic achievement. 263 students (196 females, 67 males) with an average age of 16.14 (SD = 1.35; range 13-20 years). SEM analyses with observed variables have shown that the final model fit well the data, χ2(8) = 16.34, p = 0.04, CFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.06 (0.01; 0.10), showing the following significant path: need satisfaction was positively predicted by perceived teacher support and negatively predicted by teacher perceived psychological control; need frustration was positively predicted by teacher perceived psychological control; number of absences was negatively predicted by need satisfaction; SR was positively predicted by need frustration; school achievement was negatively predicted by SR and number of absences. These results have several implications for the school context and the deepening of the construct of SR and absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Buzzai
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychological, Educational and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Costa
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luana Sorrenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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25
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Graves HR, Hernandez L, Kahler CW, Spirito A. Marijuana use, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse among truant adolescents. Subst Abus 2019; 41:451-455. [PMID: 31206352 PMCID: PMC6917993 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1621237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a time in development when many initiate problem behaviors, including alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual intercourse. Although research has shown that these behaviors tend to co-occur, little is known about their daily co-occurrences, particularly among high-risk groups such as truant adolescents. This study investigated the influence of marijuana and alcohol use on the odds of engaging in sexual intercourse on a daily level among a sample of truant adolescents. Methods: Daily-level data from 76 at-risk, truant adolescents (46 male, 30 female) between the ages of 13 and 19 years who reported alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual intercourse over a 90-day retrospective recall period were analyzed. Results: General estimating equations analyzing 6840 days and controlling for age, gender, and school days demonstrated that the use of marijuana and/or alcohol on a given day were associated with significantly increased odds of engaging in sexual intercourse on the same day. A significant interaction suggested that marijuana use on a given day increased the odds of engaging in sexual intercourse on that day among occasional marijuana users, yet not among frequent users. Additionally, a significant interaction suggested that frequent alcohol users had higher odds of engaging in sexual intercourse than those who used alcohol less frequently. Conclusions: This study suggests that experimenting with marijuana and alcohol increases truant adolescents' odds of also engaging in sexual intercourse. These results bridge the gap in the literature by investigating the daily-level associations and frequency of substance use and sexual intercourse among truant adolescents. This study demonstrates that among truant adolescents, substance use and sexual intercourse do not function independently; therefore, it is important to address the intersection between substance use and sexual behaviors during intervention development if sustained behavioral change is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Graves
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lynn Hernandez
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Trends and Correlates of Youth Violence-Prevention Program Participation, 2002-2016. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:680-688. [PMID: 30905485 PMCID: PMC6612902 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent participation in violence-prevention programming is critical in addressing the nation's elevated rates of youth fighting and violence. However, little is known about the secular trends and correlates of violence-prevention program participation in the U.S. Using national data, the authors examined the year-by-year trends and correlates of participation among American adolescents over a 15-year span. METHODS National trend data (2002-2016) were analyzed on non-Hispanic black/African American (n=35,216), Hispanic (n=45,780), and non-Hispanic white (n=153,087) youth aged 12-17years from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2018. Consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's trend analysis guidelines, the authors conducted logistic regression analyses with survey year specified as an independent variable and youth violence-prevention program participation specified as the dependent variable, while controlling for sociodemographic factors and other key correlates. RESULTS Youth participation in violence-prevention programs decreased significantly from 16.7% in 2002 to 11.7% in 2016, a 29% relative decrease in participation. A significant declining trend in participation over time was found across all sociodemographic subgroups examined and among youth reporting the use of violence and no use of violence in the past year. Participation among black/African American youth was significantly greater than Hispanic youth who, in turn, had significantlyhigher participation rates than white youth. CONCLUSIONS Youth participation in violence-prevention programming has decreased in recent years, with particularly large declines observed among younger adolescents (aged 12-14 years), youth in higher-income households, and youth reporting no past-year use of violence.
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Heyne D, Gren-Landell M, Melvin G, Gentle-Genitty C. Differentiation Between School Attendance Problems: Why and How? COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Modular Treatment for Children and Adolescents With Problematic School Absenteeism: Development and Description of a Program in Germany. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Functional profiles of school refusal behavior and their relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:140-144. [PMID: 30149271 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Negative emotional states are common among youth with problematic school absenteeism, but little is known about their presence across different school refusal behavior profiles. The aim of this study was twofold: to identify different cluster solutions across functional profiles of school refusal behavior (I. Avoidance of Negative Affectivity, II. Escape from Social and/or Evaluative Situations, III. Pursuit of Attention, and IV. Pursuit of Tangible Reinforcement) and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress. The sample consisted of 1582 Ecuadorian adolescents aged 12-18 years (M = 14.83; SD = 1.86) who completed the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Latent class analysis revealed three school refusal profiles: non-school refusal behavior, school refusal behavior by tangible reinforcements, and school refusal behavior by multiple reinforcements. The last group displayed the most maladaptive profile and revealed highest mean scores on the three dimensions of the DASS-21 compared to other groups. To promote mental health in this group it is a necessary goal due to their link with these negative emotional states. Prevention measures to strengthen emotional self-regulation should be considered in these cases.
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Ramberg J, Brolin Låftman S, Fransson E, Modin B. School effectiveness and truancy: a multilevel study of upper secondary schools in Stockholm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2018.1503085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joacim Ramberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bitte Modin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Gallé-Tessonneau M, Gana K. Development and Validation of the School Refusal Evaluation Scale1 for Adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2018; 44:153-163. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamel Gana
- Department of Psychology, University of Bordeaux
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32
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Youth Life Orientation Test-Spanish Version: Factorial Invariance, Latent Mean Differences and Effects on School Refusal. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-018-9266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vicent M, Inglés CJ, Sanmartín R, Gonzálvez C, García-Fernández JM. Aggression Profiles in the Spanish Child Population: Differences in Perfectionism, School Refusal and Affect. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:12. [PMID: 29441002 PMCID: PMC5797658 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the existence of combinations of aggression components (Anger, Hostility, Physical Aggression and Verbal Aggression) that result in different profiles of aggressive behavior in children, as well as to test the differences between these profiles in scores of perfectionism, school refusal and affect. It is interesting to analyze these variables given: (a) their clinical relevance due to their close relationship with the overall psychopathology; and (b) the need for further evidence regarding how they are associated with aggressive behavior. The sample consisted of 1202 Spanish primary education students between the ages of 8 and 12. Three aggressive behavior profiles for children were identified using Latent Class Analysis (LCA): High Aggression (Z scores between 0.69 and 0.7), Moderate Aggression (Z scores between -0.39 and -0.47) and Low Aggression (Z scores between -1.36 and -1.58). These profiles were found for 49.08%, 38.46% and 12.48% of the sample, respectively. High Aggression scored significantly higher than Moderate Aggression and Low Aggression on Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP), Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP), the first three factors of school refusal (i.e., FI. Negative Affective, FII. Social Aversion and/or Evaluation, FIII. To Pursue Attention), and Negative Affect (NA). In addition, Moderate Aggression also reported significantly higher scores than Low Aggression for the three first factors of school refusal and NA. Conversely, Low Aggression had significantly higher mean scores than High Aggression and Moderate Aggression on Positive Affect (PA). Results demonstrate that High Aggression was the most maladaptive profile having a high risk of psychological vulnerability. Aggression prevention programs should be sure to include strategies to overcome psychological problems that characterize children manifesting high levels of aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vicent
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cándido J. Inglés
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social-Health Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanmartín
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Fernández
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Spirito A, Hernandez L, Cancilliere MK, Graves HR, Rodriguez AM, Operario D, Jones R, Barnett NP. Parent and Adolescent Motivational Enhancement Intervention for Substance-Using, Truant Adolescents: A Pilot Randomized Trial. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 47:S467-S479. [PMID: 29252011 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1399402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present the results of a treatment development study designed to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) for substance using, truant adolescents plus the Family Check-Up (FCU) for parents. A randomized controlled trial was used to test the hypothesis that MET plus the FCU (MET/FCU) would lead to greater reductions in alcohol and marijuana use as well as truant behavior compared to a psychoeducation (PE) condition delivered to both adolescents and parents. Participants (n = 69; M age = 15.8 years) were 39% female, 59% White, and 31% Hispanic/Latino. Adolescents were referred from family court, from school truancy courts, from school counselors, or after presentations in high school health classes. Eligible participants reported using marijuana at least 3 times in the prior 90 days and a history of school truancy in the prior school year. The MET/FCU condition was found to be feasible to implement and was acceptable to both adolescents and parents. The PE condition was also found to be an acceptable and credible comparison condition by participants. Results at the 6-month follow-up favored MET/FCU over PE on days of marijuana use and number of times marijuana was smoked per day (medium effect), high volume drinking days and other drug use (small to medium effects), truancy indicators (small effects), parental monitoring (medium to large effects), and parent-teen problem solving (medium to large effects). A larger study to test the efficacy of the MET/FCU appears warranted based on these promising findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Spirito
- a Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies , Brown University.,b Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Lynn Hernandez
- c Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University School of Public Health
| | | | - Hannah R Graves
- a Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies , Brown University
| | | | - Don Operario
- a Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies , Brown University.,c Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Richard Jones
- b Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- a Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies , Brown University.,c Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University School of Public Health
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35
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Goings TC, Salas-Wright CP, Howard MO, Vaughn MG. Substance use among bi/multiracial youth in the United States: Profiles of psychosocial risk and protection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 44:206-214. [PMID: 29053377 PMCID: PMC7590899 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1359617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bi/multiracial youth face higher risk of engaging in substance use than most monoracial youth. OBJECTIVES This study contrasts the prevalence of substance use among bi/multiracial youth with that of youth from other racial/ethnic groups, and identifies distinct profiles of bi/multiracial youth by examining their substance use risk. METHODS Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (collected between 2002 and 2014), we analyze data for 9,339 bi/multiracial youth ages 12-17 living in the United States. Analyses use multinomial regression and latent class analysis. RESULTS With few exceptions, bi/multiracial youth in general report higher levels of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use compared to other youth of color. Bi/multiracial youth also report higher levels of marijuana use compared to non-Hispanic white adolescents. However, latent class modeling also revealed that a majority (54%) of bi/multiracial youth experience high levels of psychosocial protection (i.e., strong antidrug views and elevated parental engagement) and low levels of psychosocial risk (i.e., low peer substance use, school-related problems, and social-environmental risk), and report very low levels of substance use. Substance use was found to be particularly elevated among a minority of bi/multiracial youth (28%) reporting elevated psychosocial risk and low levels of protection. Bi/multiracial youth characterized by both elevated psychosocial risk and elevated psychosocial protection (22%) reported significantly elevated substance use as well. CONCLUSIONS While bi/multiracial youth in general exhibit elevated levels of substance use, substantial heterogeneity exists among this rapidly-growing demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenette Clark Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Matthew O. Howard
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Geiger TJ, Amrein-Beardsley A. (Almost) a slam dunk: Assessing the experiences and opinions of participants in a National Basketball Association (NBA)-funded dropout prevention program. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2017; 64:7-19. [PMID: 28525793 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Researchers conducted an evaluation of participants' perceptions of a dropout prevention program - the NBA High School program - involving a National Basketball Association (NBA) team, a high school located in downtown [City], and the College of Education (COE) at the local State University (SU). The program targeted "at-risk" high school students while utilizing student-teachers as tutors and mentors. Researchers utilized mixed methods to assess student, student-teacher, and high school teacher participants' experiences with and opinions of the program. Researchers found (1) students enjoyed the program, especially given the involvement of the student-teachers; (2) students believed the program helped improve their grades; (3) student-teachers enjoyed working with their students, although student-teachers found some of the expectations surrounding their positions and roles as tutors/mentors within the high school to be unclear and frustrating; (4) high school teachers felt significantly better about the program than the student-teachers; and (5) overall, all sets of respondents categorically supported the program and its benefits. Findings indicated that the involvement of mentors or role models matters to students, and clear and organized logistics, planning, and communication are integral for program success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tray J Geiger
- Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, PO Box 871811, Tempe, AZ 85287-1811, United States.
| | - Audrey Amrein-Beardsley
- Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, PO Box 871811, Tempe, AZ 85287-1811, United States.
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Maynard BR, Vaughn MG, Nelson EJ, Salas-Wright CP, Heyne DA, Kremer KP. Truancy in the United States: Examining Temporal Trends and Correlates by Race, Age, and Gender. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2017; 81:188-196. [PMID: 29269965 PMCID: PMC5733793 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Truancy has long been regarded a common problem in urgent need of effective intervention. Knowledge about factors associated with truancy can guide the development and implementation of interventions. METHOD This paper examined trends in truancy rates between 2002-2014 and correlates of truancy across racial/ethnic groups. Variables of interest included sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, socio-economic background), behavioral factors (e.g., substance use, violence), and psychosocial factors (e.g., academic engagement, grades, parental control). Using data from a large sample of adolescents (n=209,393; 12-17 years) we estimated truancy prevalence rates and examined trends and correlates via regression analyses. RESULTS Truancy rates remained constant between 2002 (10.8%) and 2014 (11.1%). Rates were highest among older youth, females, and Hispanic youth. For all racial/ethnic groups, truancy was significantly correlated with alcohol and marijuana use, fighting, the propensity to take risks, and lower academic engagement and school grades. Other factors were differentially associated with racial/ethnic groups. This divergence in risk patterns for different racial/ethnic groups points to some heterogeneity amongst truant youth. DISCUSSION Despite truancy reduction efforts, truancy rates have remained stable. Efforts to prevent truancy and to intervene with truant youth may need to target risk factors more prevalent in specific racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy R. Maynard
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Erik J. Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, 1025 E. 7 Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
| | | | - David A. Heyne
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Kristen P. Kremer
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
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Schulabsentismus bei jugendlichen ALG-II-Empfängern aus Bedarfsgemeinschaften. FORENSISCHE PSYCHIATRIE PSYCHOLOGIE KRIMINOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11757-017-0414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Grinshteyn E, Yang YT. The Association Between Electronic Bullying and School Absenteeism Among High School Students in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:142-149. [PMID: 28076925 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the relationship between exposure to electronic bullying and absenteeism as a result of being afraid. METHODS This multivariate, multinomial regression analysis of the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data assessed the association between experiencing electronic bullying in the past year and how often students were absent in the last month due to feeling unsafe at/in transit to school. The model controlled for other predictors of school absence including demographics, physical/behavioral health, and risk factors. Missing data were multiply imputed. RESULTS Electronic bullying was significantly associated with absences. Controlling for model covariates, the relative risk of missing 1 day of school was 1.77 times higher, the relative risk of missing 2 to 3 days of school per month increased by a factor of 2.08, and the relative risk of missing 4 or more days of school per month increased by a factor of 1.77 for those who experienced electronic bullying in the past year compared with those who were not electronically bullied. CONCLUSIONS Electronic bullying's association with absenteeism places it among already recognized negative influences such as depression and binge drinking, necessitating schools to implement policies to mediate the resulting harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Grinshteyn
- Population Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94177
| | - Y T Yang
- College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444
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Gonzálvez C, Inglés CJ, Kearney CA, Vicent M, Sanmartín R, García-Fernández JM. School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised: Factorial Invariance and Latent Means Differences across Gender and Age in Spanish Children. Front Psychol 2016; 7:2011. [PMID: 28082938 PMCID: PMC5183572 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the factorial invariance and latent means differences of the Spanish version of the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C) in a sample of 1,078 students (50.8% boys) aged 8-11 years (M = 9.63, SD = 1.12). The results revealed that the proposed model in this study, with a structure of 18 items divided into four factors (Negative Affective, Social Aversion and/or Evaluation, To Pursue Attention and Tangible Reinforcements), was the best-fit model with a tetra-factorial structure, remaining invariant across gender and age. Analysis of latent means differences indicated that boys and 11-year-old students scored highest on the Tangible Reinforcements subscale compared with their 8- and 9-year-old peers. On the contrary, for the subscales of Social Aversion and/or Evaluation and to Pursue Attention, the differences were significant and higher in younger age groups compared to 11-year-olds. Appropriate indexes of reliability were obtained for SRAS-R-C subscales (0.70, 0.79, 0.87, and 0.72). Finally, the founded correlation coefficients of scores of the SRAS-R-C revealed a predictable pattern between school refusal and positive/negative affect and optimism/pessimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental and Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
| | - Cándido J Inglés
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche Elche, Spain
| | | | - María Vicent
- Department of Developmental and Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanmartín
- Department of Developmental and Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
| | - José M García-Fernández
- Department of Developmental and Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
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How school climate relates to chronic absence: A multi-level latent profile analysis. J Sch Psychol 2016; 61:89-102. [PMID: 28259246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic absence is a significant problem in schools. School climate may play an important role in influencing chronic absence rates among schools, yet little research has evaluated how school climate constructs relate to chronic absence. Using multilevel latent profile analysis, we evaluated how profiles of student perceptions of school climate at both the student and school level differentiated school-level rates of chronic absence. Participants included 25,776 middle and high school students from 106 schools who completed a district administered school climate survey. Students attended schools in a large urban school district where 89% of 6th through 12th grade students were African-American and 61% were eligible for the federally subsidized school meals program. Three student-level profiles of perceptions of school climate emerged that corresponded to "positive," "moderate," and "negative" climate. Two predominant patterns regarding the distribution of these profiles within schools emerged that corresponded to the two school-level profiles of "marginal climate" and "climate challenged" schools. Students reporting "moderate" and "negative" climate in their schools were more likely to attend schools with higher chronic absence rates than students reporting that their school had "positive" climate. Likewise, "climate challenged" schools had significantly higher chronic absence rates than "marginal climate" schools. These results suggest that school climate shares an important relation with chronic absence among adolescent students attending urban schools. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.
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Iverson A, French BF, Strand PS, Gotch CM, McCurley C. Understanding School Truancy: Risk–Need Latent Profiles of Adolescents. Assessment 2016; 25:978-987. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191116672329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Washington state requires school districts to file court petitions on students with excessive unexcused absences resulting in thousands of youth becoming involved in the court system. Once in the system, decisions are made about the level of risk each youth has for maladaptive behaviors. The Washington Assessment of the Risks and Needs of Students was created to assist youth service providers, courts, and schools to identify an adolescent’s needs for social, emotional, or educational intervention. However, the profile-based decisions advocated for by test developers lack empirical justification. This study employed latent profile analysis to examine risk and needs profiles of adolescents based on the Washington Assessment of the Risks and Needs of Students assessment. Profiles were developed to aid understanding of behaviors associated with school truancy, and examined across outcome variables (e.g., suspensions, arrests) to evaluate evidence in support of predictive claims. Results suggest distinct profiles that differ on important outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carl McCurley
- Washington State Center for Court Research, Olympia, WA, USA
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Dembo R, Wareham J, Schmeidler J, Winters KC. Longitudinal Effects of a Second-Order Multi-Problem Factor of Sexual Risk, Marijuana Use, and Delinquency on Future Arrest Among Truant Youths. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2016; 25:557-574. [PMID: 28018123 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2016.1153554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on problem-behavior theory (Jessor & Jessor, 1977), a second-order problem behavior model of delinquency, marijuana use, and risky sexual behavior over five waves was estimated among truant adolescents. The study also investigated the influence of the problem factor on future arrest charges and the effect of socio-demographics on problem behavior and future crime. Results confirm the existence of a second-order latent factor of problem behaviors. Problem behaviors predicted more future arrest charges. Age was related to problem behaviors and future arrest charges, and family income was related to problem behavior. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dembo
- Department of Criminology, University of South Florida
| | | | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Ken C Winters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School
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Vaughn MG, Nelson EJ, Salas-Wright CP, Qian Z, Schootman M. Racial and ethnic trends and correlates of non-medical use of prescription opioids among adolescents in the United States 2004-2013. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 73:17-24. [PMID: 26679761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to elucidate the trends in non-medical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) among whites, African-Americans, and Hispanic adolescents in the United States. An additional aim was to examine the sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial correlates of NMUPO across each of these aforementioned racial and ethnic groups. METHODS Data was derived from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) involving non-Hispanic white, African American, and Hispanic respondents ages 12-17 (n = 164,028) and spanning the years 2004-2013. Consistent with prior NSDUH-based studies, respondents reporting use within the previous 12 months were classified as nonmedical prescription opioid users. Logistic regression was used to examine significance of trend year and correlates of NMUPO. RESULTS Non-Hispanic white youth consistently reported higher levels of NMUPO as did older adolescents (ages 15-17) and females. However, there was a decrease in the prevalence of NMUPO overall driven largely by a significant decline (p < 0.001) in NMUPO among non-Hispanic whites of approximately 35% over the study period such that by 2013 no statistically significant differences across race/ethnicity remained. Further, logistic regression models found that externalizing behaviors such as comorbid drug use and fighting was associated with NMUPO and religiosity and parental involvement were identified as protective correlates. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a declining trend in NMUPO among adolescents. Although the present study findings provide a source for optimism, there is still a relatively high prevalence of NMUPO and it remains to be seen whether our findings portend a long-term decline. Given the harm done by NMUPO, continued awareness and targeted prevention efforts should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States.
| | - Erik J Nelson
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
| | - Christopher P Salas-Wright
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd D3500, Austin, TX 78712-0358, United States.
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Mario Schootman
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
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Reingle Gonzalez JM, Salas-Wright CP, Connell NM, Jetelina KK, Clipper SJ, Businelle MS. The long-term effects of school dropout and GED attainment on substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 158:60-6. [PMID: 26613838 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic research suggests that 14% of the population do not complete high school, and dropout has been linked to mental health conditions, substance use, chronic health problems, and criminal behavior. Few studies have assessed whether attainment of the general education development (GED) credential is protective from substance use. PURPOSE To assess the long-term outcomes of school dropout and GED attainment on past year substance use disorders, age of onset, and current smoking status. METHODS Longitudinal data were included for lifetime substance users who participated in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Waves I and II). Eligible participants (N=30,608) were classified as having completed high school, dropped out of high school and did not complete a GED, or completed GED at Wave I. Survey logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether high school graduation status was associated with substance use disorders and smoking at Wave II. RESULTS Multivariate results suggest that participants who dropped out of high school (OR=1.53; p<.01) or attained a GED were more likely to have a past year marijuana use disorder (OR=1.62 p<.01) compared to high school graduates. High school dropouts were also more likely to be current smokers (OR=1.88; p<.05) than graduates. CONCLUSIONS High school dropouts have higher long-term rates of marijuana use disorder and smoking in adulthood than graduates. Attainment of a GED does not appear to be protective from marijuana use disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Reingle Gonzalez
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | | | - Nadine M Connell
- Program in Criminology, School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Katelyn K Jetelina
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Stephen J Clipper
- Program in Criminology, School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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Cao H, Wei X, Guo X, Song C, Luo Y, Cui Y, Hu X, Zhang Y. Screening high-risk clusters for developing birth defects in mothers in Shanxi Province, China: application of latent class cluster analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:343. [PMID: 26694165 PMCID: PMC4687365 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies on cluster-based synthetic effects of multiple risk factors for birth defects have been reported. The present study aimed to identify maternal exposure clusters, explore the association between clusters of risk factors and birth defects, and further screen women with high risk for birth defects among expectant mothers. Methods Data were drawn from a large-scale, retrospective epidemiological survey of birth defects from 2006 to 2008 in six counties of Shanxi Province, China, using a three-level stratified random cluster sampling technique. Overall risk factors were extracted using eight synthetic variables summed and examined as a total risk factor score: maternal delivery age, genetic factors, medical history, nutrition and folic acid deficiency, maternal illness in pregnancy, drug use in pregnancy, environmental risk factors in pregnancy, and unhealthy maternal lifestyle in pregnancy. Latent class cluster analysis was used to identify maternal exposure clusters based on these synthetic variables. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were used to explore associations between clusters and birth defects, after adjusting for confounding variables using logistic regression. Results Three latent maternal exposure clusters were identified: a high-risk (6.15 %), a moderate-risk (22.39 %), and a low-risk (71.46 %) cluster. The prevalence of birth defects was 14.08 %, 0.85 %, and 0.52 % for the high-, middle- and low-risk clusters respectively. After adjusting for maternal demographic variables, women in the high-risk cluster were nearly 31 times (AOR: 30.61, 95 % CI: [24.87, 37.67]) more likely to have an infant with birth defects than low-risk women. Conclusions A high-risk group of mothers in an area with a high risk for birth defects were screened in our study. Targeted interventions should be conducted with women of reproductive age to improve neonatal birth outcomes in areas with a high risk of birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cao
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56 South Xinjian Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56 South Xinjian Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.
| | - Xingping Guo
- Population and Family planning Commission of Shanxi province, No. 11 North Beiyuan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
| | - Chunying Song
- Population and Family planning Commission of Shanxi province, No. 11 North Beiyuan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Luo
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56 South Xinjian Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56 South Xinjian Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China. .,Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Xianming Hu
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 15 North Xinmin Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, PR China.
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56 South Xinjian Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.
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Askeland KG, Haugland S, Stormark KM, Bøe T, Hysing M. Adolescent school absenteeism and service use in a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:626. [PMID: 26155938 PMCID: PMC4497412 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School absenteeism is linked to a range of health concerns, health risk behaviors and school dropout. It is therefore important to evaluate the extent to which adolescents with absenteeism are in contact with health care and other services. The aim of the current study was to investigate service use of Norwegian adolescents with moderate and high absenteeism in comparison to students with lower rates of absence. METHODS The study employs data from a population-based study from 2012 targeting all pupils in upper secondary education in Hordaland County, Norway (the youth@hordaland-survey). A total of 8988 adolescents between the ages of 16 and 18 were included in the present study. Information on service use was based on adolescent self-report data collected in the youth@hordaland-survey. Absence data was collected using administrative data provided by the Hordaland County Council. RESULTS High absence (defined as being absent 15% or more the past semester) was found among 10.1% of the adolescents. Compared to their peers with low absence (less than 3% absence the past semester), adolescents with high absence were more likely to be in contact with all the services studied, including mental health services (odds ratio (OR) 3.96), adolescent health clinics (OR 2.11) and their general practitioner (GP) (OR 1.94). Frequency of contact was higher among adolescents with moderate and high absence and there seems to be a gradient of service use corresponding to the level of absence. Still, 40% of the adolescents with high absence had not been in contact with any services. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with high absence had increased use of services, although a group of youth at risk seems to be without such contact. This finding suggests a potential to address school absenteeism through systematic collaboration between schools and health personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Bergen, Norway.
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Siren Haugland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kjell Morten Stormark
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
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Dembo R, Robinson RB, Ungaro R, Winters KC, Karas L. A Longitudinal Study of Truant Youths' Involvement in Sexual Risk Behavior. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2015; 25:89-104. [PMID: 26997857 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.872069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dembo
- University of South Florida Department of Criminology Tampa, FL 33620
| | | | - Rocío Ungaro
- Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
| | - Ken C Winters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454
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The antisocial family tree: family histories of behavior problems in antisocial personality in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:821-31. [PMID: 25409868 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple avenues of research (e.g., criminal careers, intergenerational family transmission, and epidemiological studies) have indicated a concentration of antisocial traits and behaviors that cluster among families and within individuals in a population. The current study draws on each of these perspectives in exploring the intergenerational contours of antisocial personality disorder across multiple generations of a large-scale epidemiological sample. METHODS The analytic sample of persons meeting criteria for antisocial personality disorder (N = 1,226) was derived from waves I and II of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Path analytic, latent class, and multinomial models were executed to describe and elucidate family histories among persons diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. RESULTS Three classes of an antisocial family tree were found: minimal family history of problem behaviors (70.3 % of sample) who were characterized by higher socioeconomic functioning, parental and progeny behavior problems (9.4 % of sample) who were characterized by criminal behaviors, psychopathology, and substance use disorders, and multigenerational history of problem behaviors (20.3 % of sample) who were characterized by alcoholism, psychopathology, and versatile criminal offending. CONCLUSIONS These findings add a typology to intergenerational studies of antisocial behavior that can assist in identifying etiological and treatment factors among those for whom crime runs in the family.
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Student behavioral engagement as a mediator between teacher, family, and peer support and school truancy. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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