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Wang Y, Ma H, Zhang B, Li S, Lu B, Qi Y, Liu T, Wang H, Kang X, Liang Y, Kong E, Cao L, Zhou B. Protein palmitoylation in hepatic diseases: Functional insights and therapeutic strategies. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00619-2. [PMID: 39732335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver pathologies represent a spectrum of conditions ranging from fatty liver to the aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as parasitic infections, which collectively pose substantial global health challenges. S-palmitoylation (commonly referred to as palmitoylation), a post-translational modification (PTM) characterized by the covalent linkage of a 16-carbon palmitic acid (PA) chain to specific cysteine residues on target proteins, plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular functions and is intimately associated with the liver's physiological and pathological states. AIM OF REVIEW This study aims to elucidate how protein palmitoylation affects liver disease pathophysiology and evaluates its potential as a target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Recent studies have identified the key role of protein palmitoylation in regulating the development and progression of liver diseases. This review summarizes the intricate mechanisms by which protein palmitoylation modulates the pathophysiological processes of liver diseases and explores the potential of targeting protein palmitoylation modifications or the enzymes regulating this modification as prospective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Haoyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Sainan Li
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Beijia Lu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yingcheng Qi
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Eryan Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Binhui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
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Zhang H, Tang M, Liu Q, Wu D, Sun B, Dong J, Guan L, Luo J, Zeng M. PAT exposure caused human hepatocytes apoptosis and induced mice subacute liver injury by activating oxidative stress and the ERS-associated PERK pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 955:177003. [PMID: 39433224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
With the widespread use of antimony compounds in synthetic materials and processing, the occupational exposure and environmental pollution caused by antimony have attracted the attention of researchers. Studies have shown that antimony compounds can cause liver damage, but the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we used the trivalent potassium antimony tartrate (PAT) to infect L02 hepatocytes and Kunming (KM) mice to establish an antimony-induced apoptosis model of L02 cells and a subacute liver injury model of KM mice. We found that PAT exposure caused hepatocyte apoptosis and was accompanied by oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and the ERS-associated PERK pathway was activated. Further experimental results showed that N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment or silencing of the PERK gene in L02 cells reduced PAT-induced apoptosis. The activity of SOD and CAT in treated L02 cells was increased, the malondialdehyde content in L02 cells and liver tissues was decreased, and the content of ERS-related proteins GRP78 and CHOP, as well as the content of PERK-pathway-related proteins p-PERK/PERK, p-eif2α/eif2α and ATF4 protein were significantly reduced. Overall, PAT exposure triggered hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury by inducing oxidative stress and activating the ERS-associated PERK pathway; however, this effect could be alleviated by NAC intervention or silencing of PERK in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing 400050, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Die Wu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Jingbang Dong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Jianlan Luo
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration of Hunan, Changsha 411100, PR China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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Ogura J, Yamanoi K, Ishida K, Nakamura E, Ito S, Aoyama N, Nakanishi Y, Menju T, Kawaguchi K, Hosoe Y, Taki M, Murakami R, Yamaguchi K, Hamanishi J, Mandai M. A stearate-rich diet and oleate restriction directly inhibit tumor growth via the unfolded protein response. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:2659-2672. [PMID: 39617788 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are known to have significant effects on the properties of cancer cells. Therefore, these compounds have been incorporated into therapeutic strategies. However, few studies have examined the effects of individual fatty acids and their interactions in depth. This study analyzed the effects of various fatty acids on cancer cells and revealed that stearic acid, an abundant saturated fatty acid, had a stronger inhibitory effect on cell growth than did palmitic acid, which is also an abundant saturated fatty acid, by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Intriguingly, the negative effects of stearate were reduced by the presence of oleate, a different type of abundant fatty acid. We combined a stearate-rich diet with the inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 to explore the impact of diet on tumor growth. This intervention significantly reduced tumor growth in both ovarian cancer models and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), including those with chemotherapy resistance, notably by increasing stearate levels while reducing oleate levels within the tumors. Conversely, the negative effects of a stearate-rich diet were mitigated by an oleate-rich diet. This study revealed that dietary stearate can directly inhibit tumor growth through mechanisms involving DNA damage and apoptosis mediated by the UPR pathway. These results suggest that dietary interventions, which increase stearic acid levels while decreasing oleic acid levels, may be promising therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. These results could lead to the development of new cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Ogura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanoi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Ishida
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eijiro Nakamura
- Department of Urology and Retroperitoneal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Hosoe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mana Taki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Deng K, Pei M, Li B, Yang N, Wang Z, Wan X, Zhong Z, Yang Z, Chen Y. Signal pathways involved in contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1490725. [PMID: 39655278 PMCID: PMC11625813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1490725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has emerged as a global public health concern, ranking as the third most prevalent cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury, which is related to adverse outcomes. However, its precise pathogenesis remains elusive. Consequently, researchers are dedicated to uncovering CI-AKI's pathophysiology and signaling pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, to improve prevention and treatment. This review thoroughly analyzes the signaling pathways and their interactions associated with CI-AKI, assesses the impact of various research models on pathway analysis, and explores more precise targeted treatment and prevention approaches. Aims to furnish a robust theoretical foundation for the molecular mechanisms underpinning clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Bucarey JL, Trujillo-González I, Paules EM, Espinosa A. Myokines and Their Potential Protective Role Against Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1363. [PMID: 39594505 PMCID: PMC11591161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myokines, bioactive peptides released by skeletal muscle, have emerged as crucial regulators of metabolic and protective pathways in peripheral tissues, particularly in combating oxidative stress and inflammation. Their plasma concentration significantly increases following exercise, offering valuable insights into the role of physical activity in preventing sarcopenia and mitigating metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review focuses on discussing the roles of specific myokines in activating intracellular signaling pathways within the liver, which confer protection against steatosis and lipid peroxidation. We detail the mechanism underlying lipid peroxidation and highlight the liver's antioxidant defenses, such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which are pivotal in reducing ferroptosis. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of key myokines, including myostatin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and irisin, among others, and their potential impact on liver function. Finally, we discuss the molecular mechanisms through which these myokines influence oxidate stress and lipid metabolism, emphasizing their capacity to modulate antioxidant responses in the liver. Finally, we underscore the therapeutic potential of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance myokine release, thereby preventing the progression of MASD through improved hepatic antioxidant defenses. This review represents a comprehensive perspective on the intersection of exercise, myokine biology, and liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Bucarey
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2172972, Chile;
| | - Isis Trujillo-González
- Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.T.-G.); (E.M.P.)
| | - Evan M. Paules
- Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.T.-G.); (E.M.P.)
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2172972, Chile;
- Center of Interdisciplinary Biomedical and Engineering Research for Health, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2172972, Chile
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Hajdú B, Kapuy O, Nagy T. Basal State Calibration of a Chemical Reaction Network Model for Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11316. [PMID: 39457096 PMCID: PMC11508741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The modulation of autophagy plays a dual role in tumor cells, with the potential to both promote and suppress tumor proliferation. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of autophagy, we have developed a chemical reaction kinetic model of autophagy and apoptosis based on the mass action kinetic models that have been previously described in the literature. It is regrettable that the authors did not provide all of the information necessary to reconstruct their model, which made their simulation results irreproducible. In this study, based on an extensive literature review, we have identified concentrations for each species in the stress-free, homeostatic state. These ranges were randomly sampled to generate sets of initial concentrations, from which the simulations were run. In every case, abnormal behavior was observed, with apoptosis and autophagy being activated, even in the absence of stress. Consequently, the model failed to reproduce even the basal conditions. Detailed examination of the model revealed erroneous reactions, which were corrected. The influential kinetic parameters of the corrected model were identified and optimized using the Optima++ code. The model is now capable of simulating homeostatic states, and provides a suitable basis for further model development to describe cell response to various stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hajdú
- Department of Molecular Biology at the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Molecular Biology at the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Insititute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Białek W, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Czechowicz P, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Czogalla A, Bartoszewski R. The lipid side of unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159515. [PMID: 38844203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation of either protein or lipid homeostasis profoundly affects the other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on the causes and consequences of disrupted protein folding. The UPR itself consists of very complex pathways that function to not only maintain protein homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate lipid biogenesis to allow the ER to adjust and promote cell survival. Lipid dysregulation is known to activate many aspects of the UPR, but the complexity of this crosstalk remains a major research barrier. ER lipid disequilibrium and lipotoxicity are known to be important contributors to numerous human pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Despite their medical significance and continuous research, however, the molecular mechanisms that modulate lipid synthesis during ER stress conditions, and their impact on cell fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize the current view on crosstalk and connections between altered lipid metabolism, ER stress, and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Czechowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Hanchang W, Woonnoi W, Saetan J, Suttithumsatid W, Tanasawet S, Sanprick A, Moolsup F, Sukketsiri W. Sangyod rice extract mitigates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells and hepatic steatosis in diabetic rats via AMPK/mTOR/MAPK signaling pathways. FOOD BIOSCI 2024; 61:104662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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9
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Mihajlovic M, De Boever S, Tabernilla A, Callewaert E, Sanz-Serrano J, Verhoeven A, Maerten A, Rosseel Z, De Waele E, Vinken M. Investigation of parenteral nutrition-induced hepatotoxicity using human liver spheroid co-cultures. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3109-3126. [PMID: 38740588 PMCID: PMC11324701 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is typically administered to individuals with gastrointestinal dysfunction, a contraindication for enteral feeding, and a need for nutritional therapy. When PN is the only energy source in patients, it is defined as total parenteral nutrition (TPN). TPN is a life-saving approach for different patient populations, both in infants and adults. However, despite numerous benefits, TPN can cause adverse effects, including metabolic disorders and liver injury. TPN-associated liver injury, known as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), represents a significant problem affecting up to 90% of individuals receiving TPN. IFALD pathogenesis is complex, depending on the TPN components as well as on the patient's medical conditions. Despite numerous animal studies and clinical observations, the molecular mechanisms driving IFALD remain largely unknown. The present study was set up to elucidate the mechanisms underlying IFALD. For this purpose, human liver spheroid co-cultures were treated with a TPN mixture, followed by RNA sequencing analysis. Subsequently, following exposure to TPN and its single nutritional components, several key events of liver injury, including mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation (steatosis), were studied using various techniques. It was found that prolonged exposure to TPN substantially changes the transcriptome profile of liver spheroids and affects multiple metabolic and signaling pathways contributing to liver injury. Moreover, TPN and its main components, especially lipid emulsion, induce changes in all key events measured and trigger steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybren De Boever
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen Callewaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anouk Verhoeven
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amy Maerten
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zenzi Rosseel
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth De Waele
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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Sannappa Gowda NG, Shiragannavar VD, Karunakara SH, Veeranna RP, Suvarna D, Kumar DP, Santhekadur PK. Novel role of Quercetin in ameliorating metabolic syndrome via VDR mediated activation of adiponectin/AdipoR2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101754. [PMID: 39006943 PMCID: PMC11246006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity leads to metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities involving abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia associated Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), and Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In this study, we evaluated the novel hepato/cardio/adipo-protective role of Quercetin via Vitamin D Receptor, and elucidated its underlying mechanisms in reducing lipotoxicity, inflammation and fibrosis in high calorie diet induced metabolic syndrome. Male Swiss albino mice were fed with western diet and sugar water for multiple time intervals. Anti-lipotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effect of Quercetin was assessed by Oil Red O, H&E and TMS staining at different time points. The lipid profile, mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (TNF- α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1), fibrotic markers (α-SMA, COL1A1, COL1A2), adiponectin, AdipoR2, and VDR expression levels were measured from RNA pools of adipose, liver and heart tissues. Also, lipid-lowering and anti-steatohepatitic effects of Quercetin was assessed using mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, rat H9c2 cardiac cells, and human HepG2 hepatocytes. Our results indicate that, western diet fed mice with Quercetin ameliorated lipid profile and lipotoxicity. Histopathological examination and gene expression data revealed that Quercetin reduced hepatic and cardiac inflammation and fibrosis-associated markers. Interestingly, Quercetin treatment increased the serum levels of adiponectin and mRNA expressions of AdipoR2 and VDR. In-vitro experiments revealed the reduction in lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 and fatty-acid-treated hepatic and cardiac cells following Quercetin treatment. These findings indicate that Quercetin exhibits a protective role on multiple organs through VDR activation and subsequent Adipo/AdipoR2 signaling in metabolic syndrome associated obesity, hepatic injury, and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala G Sannappa Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Varsha D Shiragannavar
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Shreyas H Karunakara
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | | | - Deepak Suvarna
- Department of Gastroenterology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Prasanna K Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
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Levy E, Fallet-Bianco C, Auclair N, Patey N, Marcil V, Sané AT, Spahis S. Unraveling Chylomicron Retention Disease Enhances Insight into SAR1B GTPase Functions and Mechanisms of Actions, While Shedding Light of Intracellular Chylomicron Trafficking. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1548. [PMID: 39062121 PMCID: PMC11274388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, significant efforts have been focused on unraveling congenital intestinal disorders that disrupt the absorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. The primary goal has been to gain deeper insights into intra-enterocyte sites, molecular steps, and crucial proteins/regulatory pathways involved, while simultaneously identifying novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools. This research not only delves into specific and rare malabsorptive conditions, such as chylomicron retention disease (CRD), but also contributes to our understanding of normal physiology through the utilization of cutting-edge cellular and animal models alongside advanced research methodologies. This review elucidates how modern techniques have facilitated the decoding of CRD gene defects, the identification of dysfunctional cellular processes, disease regulatory mechanisms, and the essential role of coat protein complex II-coated vesicles and cargo receptors in chylomicron trafficking and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites. Moreover, experimental approaches have shed light on the multifaceted functions of SAR1B GTPase, wherein loss-of-function mutations not only predispose individuals to CRD but also exacerbate oxidative stress, inflammation, and ER stress, potentially contributing to clinical complications associated with CRD. In addition to dissecting the primary disease pathology, genetically modified animal models have emerged as invaluable assets in exploring various ancillary aspects, including responses to environmental challenges such as dietary alterations, gender-specific disparities in disease onset and progression, and embryonic lethality or developmental abnormalities. In summary, this comprehensive review provides an in-depth and contemporary analysis of CRD, offering a meticulous examination of the CRD current landscape by synthesizing the latest research findings and advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Fallet-Bianco
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nickolas Auclair
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Schohraya Spahis
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
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12
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Cheng SY, Jiang L, Wang Y, Cai W. Emerging role of regulated cell death in intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:228-233. [PMID: 36621400 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a common complication of long-term parenteral nutrition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is mainly characterized by cholestasis in children and steatohepatitis in adults. Unfortunately, there is no effective approach to prevent or reverse the disease. Regulated cell death (RCD) represents a fundamental biological paradigm that determines the outcome of a variety of liver diseases. Nowadays cell death is reclassified into several types, based on the mechanisms and morphological phenotypes. Emerging evidence has linked different modes of RCD, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Recent studies have shown that different modes of RCD are present in animal models and patients with IFALD. Understanding the pathogenic roles of cell death may help uncover the underlying mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic strategies in IFALD. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on how RCD may link to the pathogenesis of IFALD. We highlight examples of cell death-targeted interventions aiming to attenuate the disease, and provide perspectives for future basic and translational research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
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13
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Wang J, Lu W, Zhang J, Du Y, Fang M, Zhang A, Sungcad G, Chon S, Xing J. Loss of TRIM29 mitigates viral myocarditis by attenuating PERK-driven ER stress response in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3481. [PMID: 38664417 PMCID: PMC11045800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the myocardium, is a significant cause of sudden death in children and young adults. The current coronavirus disease 19 pandemic emphasizes the need to understand the pathogenesis mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for viral myocarditis. Here, we found that TRIM29 was highly induced by cardiotropic viruses and promoted protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses that promote viral replication in cardiomyocytes in vitro. TRIM29 deficiency protected mice from viral myocarditis by promoting cardiac antiviral functions and reducing PERK-mediated inflammation and immunosuppressive monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIM29 interacted with PERK to promote SUMOylation of PERK to maintain its stability, thereby promoting PERK-mediated signaling pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 mitigated viral myocarditis by disrupting the TRIM29-PERK connection, thereby bolstering cardiac function, enhancing cardiac antiviral responses, and curbing inflammation and immunosuppressive mMDSC in vivo. Our findings offer insight into how cardiotropic viruses exploit TRIM29-regulated PERK signaling pathways to instigate viral myocarditis, suggesting that targeting the TRIM29-PERK axis could mitigate disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jerry Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mingli Fang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Sungcad
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Samantha Chon
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junji Xing
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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14
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Ma K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou L, Li M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: bridging inflammation and obesity-associated adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381227. [PMID: 38638434 PMCID: PMC11024263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant global health challenge, increasing the susceptibility to chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Within the context of obesity, lipid metabolism, adipose tissue formation, and inflammation are intricately linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ERS modulates metabolism, insulin signaling, inflammation, as well as cell proliferation and death through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Serving as a crucial nexus, ERS bridges the functionality of adipose tissue and the inflammatory response. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms by which ERS impacts adipose tissue function and inflammation in obesity, aiming to offer insights into targeting ERS for ameliorating metabolic dysregulation in obesity-associated chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Min Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhang J, Guo J, Yang N, Huang Y, Wen J, Xiang Q, Liu Q, Chen Y, Hu T, Rao C. Zanthoxylum armatum DC fruit ethyl acetate extract site induced hepatotoxicity by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting autophagy in BRL-3A models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117245. [PMID: 37802376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Z. armatum) is renowned not only as a culinary spice but also as a staple in traditional ethnic medicine, predominantly in Southeast Asia and various other regions. Recent research has unveiled its multifaceted pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and toothache relief effects. Nonetheless, some studies have reported the potential toxicity of Z. armatum, emphasizing the need to further explore its toxicity mechanisms for safer application. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effect and mechanism of hepatotoxicity in BRL-3A cells induced by Z. armatum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of Z. armatum (ZADC-EA) were identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The hepatotoxicity of the extract was evaluated by detecting cell viability, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were detected by Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B, flow cytometry, and Western blot to explore the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by ZADC-EA. RESULTS UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis revealed the presence of compounds belonging to flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The IC50 value of ZADC-EA was 62.43 μg/mL, the cell viability of BRL-3A decreased in a time-dose dependent manner, and the levels of AST, ALT, and LDH were upregulated. In addition, ZADC-EA-induced increased expression of eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway proteins, inhibited autophagy, and promoted apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the hepatotoxicity mechanisms of ZADC-EA on BRL-3A cells. It was found that ZADC-EA could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibit autophagy, then intensify apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress could exacerbate autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
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16
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Starr CR, Lee EJ, Park KS, Zhylkibayev A, Medina A, Lin JH, Gorbatyuk M. The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 98:101231. [PMID: 38092262 PMCID: PMC11056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and oxidative stress; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Josh J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Starr
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Yazıcı D, Demir SÇ, Sezer H. Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Lipotoxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:391-430. [PMID: 39287860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity, originally used to describe the destructive effects of excess fat accumulation on glucose metabolism, causes functional impairments in several metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas, and muscle. Ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidneys, liver, and heart has important clinical counterparts like diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity-related glomerulopathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiomyopathy. Insulin resistance due to lipotoxicity indirectly lead to reproductive system disorders, like polycystic ovary syndrome. Lipotoxicity has roles in insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Increased circulating levels of lipids and the metabolic alterations in fatty acid utilization and intracellular signaling have been related to insulin resistance in muscle and liver. Different pathways, like novel protein kinase c pathways and the JNK-1 pathway, are involved as the mechanisms of how lipotoxicity leads to insulin resistance in nonadipose tissue organs, such as liver and muscle. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, through mainly increased oxidative stress, also plays an important role in the etiology of insulin resistance, especially seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Visceral adiposity and insulin resistance both increase the cardiometabolic risk, and lipotoxicity seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yazıcı
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selin Çakmak Demir
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Sezer
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey
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Venkatesan N, Doskey LC, Malhi H. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in Lipotoxicity during Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1887-1899. [PMID: 37689385 PMCID: PMC10699131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid and protein homeostasis induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipotoxic and proteotoxic stress can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) transducers: inositol requiring enzyme1α, PKR-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6α. Collectively, these pathways induce expression of genes that encode functions to resolve the protein folding defect and ER stress by increasing the protein folding capacity of the ER and degradation of misfolded proteins. The ER is also intimately connected with lipid metabolism, including de novo ceramide synthesis, phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis, and lipid droplet formation. Following their activation, the UPR transducers also regulate lipogenic pathways in the liver. With persistent ER stress, cellular adaptation fails, resulting in hepatocyte apoptosis, a pathological marker of liver disease. In addition to the ER-nucleus signaling activated by the UPR, the ER can interact with other organelles via membrane contact sites. Modulating intracellular communication between ER and endosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria to restore ER homeostasis could have therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating liver disease. Recent studies have also demonstrated that cells can convey ER stress by the release of extracellular vesicles. This review discusses lipotoxic ER stress and the central role of the ER in communicating ER stress to other intracellular organelles in MASLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanditha Venkatesan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luke C Doskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Dai JJ, Zhang YF, Zhang ZH. Global trends and hotspots of treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A bibliometric and visualization analysis (2010-2023). World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5339-5360. [PMID: 37899789 PMCID: PMC10600806 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is chronic, with its progression leading to liver fibrosis and end-stage cirrhosis. Although NAFLD is increasingly common, no treatment guideline has been established. Many mechanistic studies and drug trials have been conducted for new drug development to treat NAFLD. An up-to-date overview on the knowledge structure of NAFLD through bibliometrics, focusing on research hotspots, is necessary to reveal the rational and timely directions of development in this field. AIM To research the latest literature and determine the current trends in treatment for NAFLD. METHODS Publications related to treatment for NAFLD were searched on the Web of Science Core Collection database, from 2010 to 2023. VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and R package "bibliometrix" were used to conduct this bibliometric analysis. The key information was extracted, and the results of the cluster analysis were based on network data for generating and investigating maps for country, institution, journal, and author. Historiography analysis, bursts and cluster analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and trend topic revealed the knowledge structure and research hotspots in this field. GraphPad Prism 9.5.1.733 and Microsoft Office Excel 2019 were used for data analysis and visualization. RESULTS In total, 10829 articles from 120 countries (led by China and the United States) and 8785 institutions were included. The number of publications related to treatment for NAFLD increased annually. While China produced the most publications, the United States was the most cited country, and the United Kingdom collaborated the most from an international standpoint. The University of California-San Diego, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine produced the most publications of all the research institutions. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences was the most frequent journal out of the 1523 total journals, and Hepatology was the most cited and co-cited journal. Sanyal AJ was the most cited author, the most co-cited author was Younossi ZM, and the most influential author was Loomba R. The most studied topics included the epidemiology and mechanism of NAFLD, the development of accurate diagnosis, the precise management of patients with NAFLD, and the associated metabolic comorbidities. The major cluster topics were "emerging drug," "glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist," "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease," "gut microbiota," and "glucose metabolism." CONCLUSION The bibliometric study identified recent research frontiers and hot directions, which can provide a valuable reference for scholars researching treatments for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
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Deng L, Wu SA, Qi L, Kersten S. HILPDA is a lipotoxic marker in adipocytes that mediates the autocrine negative feedback regulation of triglyceride hydrolysis by fatty acids and alleviates cellular lipotoxic stress. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101773. [PMID: 37422000 PMCID: PMC10391665 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipolysis is a key metabolic pathway in adipocytes that renders stored triglycerides available for use by other cells and tissues. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are known to exert feedback inhibition on adipocyte lipolysis, but the underlying mechanisms have only partly been elucidated. An essential enzyme in adipocyte lipolysis is ATGL. Here, we examined the role of the ATGL inhibitor HILPDA in the negative feedback regulation of adipocyte lipolysis by fatty acids. METHODS We exposed wild-type, HILPDA-deficient and HILPDA-overexpressing adipocytes and mice to various treatments. HILPDA and ATGL protein levels were determined by Western blot. ER stress was assessed by measuring the expression of marker genes and proteins. Lipolysis was studied in vitro and in vivo by measuring NEFA and glycerol levels. RESULTS We show that HILPDA mediates a fatty acid-induced autocrine feedback loop in which elevated intra- or extracellular fatty acids levels upregulate HILPDA by activation of the ER stress response and the fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4). The increased HILPDA levels in turn downregulate ATGL protein levels to suppress intracellular lipolysis, thereby maintaining lipid homeostasis. The deficiency of HILPDA under conditions of excessive fatty acid load disrupts this chain of events, leading to elevated lipotoxic stress in adipocytes. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that HILPDA is a lipotoxic marker in adipocytes that mediates a negative feedback regulation of lipolysis by fatty acids via ATGL and alleviates cellular lipotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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21
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Auclair N, Sané AT, Ahmarani L, Ould-Chikh NEH, Patey N, Beaulieu JF, Delvin E, Spahis S, Levy E. High-fat diet reveals the impact of Sar1b defects on lipid and lipoprotein profile and cholesterol metabolism. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100423. [PMID: 37558128 PMCID: PMC10518719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants of the Sar1b gene cause chylomicron retention disease (CRD) whose central phenotype is the inability to secrete chylomicrons. Patients with CRD experience numerous clinical symptoms such as gastrointestinal, hepatic, neuromuscular, ophthalmic, and cardiological abnormalities. Recently, the production of mice expressing either a targeted deletion or mutation of Sar1b recapitulated biochemical and gastrointestinal defects associated with CRD. The present study was conducted to better understand little-known aspects of Sar1b mutations, including mouse embryonic development, lipid profile, and lipoprotein composition in response to high-fat diet, gut and liver cholesterol metabolism, sex-specific effects, and genotype-phenotype differences. Sar1b deletion and mutation produce a lethal phenotype in homozygous mice, which display intestinal lipid accumulation without any gross morphological abnormalities. On high-fat diet, mutant mice exhibit more marked abnormalities in body composition, adipose tissue and liver weight, plasma cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids than those on the regular Chow diet. Divergences were also noted in lipoprotein lipid composition, lipid ratios (serving as indices of particle size) and lipoprotein-apolipoprotein distribution. Sar1b defects significantly reduce gut cholesterol accumulation while altering key players in cholesterol metabolism. Noteworthy, variations were observed between males and females, and between Sar1b deletion and mutation phenotypes. Overall, mutant animal findings reveal the importance of Sar1b in several biochemical, metabolic and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Auclair
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain T Sané
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léna Ahmarani
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Patey
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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22
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Zhong M, Wu Z, Chen Z, Ren Q, Zhou J. Advances in the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115134. [PMID: 37437374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site for protein synthesis, folding, and secretion, and accumulation of the unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER may induce ER stress. ER stress is an important participant in various intracellular signaling pathways. Prolonged- or high-intensity ER stress may induce cell apoptosis. Osteoporosis, characterized by imbalanced bone remodeling, is a global disease caused by many factors, such as ER stress. ER stress stimulates osteoblast apoptosis, increases bone loss, and promotes osteoporosis development. Many factors, such as the drug's adverse effects, metabolic disorders, calcium ion imbalance, bad habits, and aging, have been reported to activate ER stress, resulting in the pathological development of osteoporosis. Increasing evidence shows that ER stress regulates osteogenic differentiation, osteoblast activity, and osteoclast formation and function. Various therapeutic agents have been developed to counteract ER stress and thereby suppress osteoporosis development. Thus, inhibition of ER stress has become a potential target for the therapeutic management of osteoporosis. However, the in-depth understanding of ER stress in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis still needs more effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhong
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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23
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Soleimani E, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. Protein Quality, Glycemic and Metabolic Indices and Anthropometric Features Among Overweight and Obese Adults. Nutr Metab Insights 2023; 16:11786388231181038. [PMID: 37435042 PMCID: PMC10331230 DOI: 10.1177/11786388231181038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various studies have shown an inverse relationship between the quality of protein intake based on essential amino acids (EAAs) with obesity and its complications. We assumed that increasing EAAs-based protein intake quality improves glycemic and metabolic markers and anthropometric measurements in obese and overweight people. Methods This cross-sectional study included 180 obese and overweight participants aged 18 to 35. Dietary information was obtained using an 80-item food frequency questionnaire. The total intake of EAAs was calculated using the United States department of agriculture (USDA) database. Quality protein was defined as the ratio of EAAs (gr) to total dietary protein (gr). Sociodemographic status, physical activity (PA), and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated using a valid and reliable method. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests adjusted for sex, PA, age, energy, and body mass index (BMI) were used to measure this association. Results Protein quality intake was highest among the group with the lowest weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and fat mass (FM); and on the other hand, the fat-free mass (FFM) has increased; also Increasing the quality of protein intake improved the lipid profile and some glycemic indices and insulin sensitivity, although this association was not significant. Conclusions Increasing the quality of protein intake significantly improved anthropometric measurements, and also improved some glycemic and metabolic indices although, their relationship was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiye Soleimani
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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24
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Zhao J, Lee K, Toh HC, Lam KP, Neo SY. Unravelling the role of obesity and lipids during tumor progression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1163160. [PMID: 37063269 PMCID: PMC10097918 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1163160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the biochemical pathways in cancer promotes oncogenic transformations and metastatic potential. Recent studies have shed light on how obesity and altered lipid metabolism could be the driving force for tumor progression. Here, in this review, we focus on liver cancer and discuss how obesity and lipid-driven metabolic reprogramming affect tumor, immune, and stroma cells in the tumor microenvironment and, in turn, how alterations in these cells synergize to influence and contribute to tumor growth and dissemination. With increasing evidence on how obesity exacerbates inflammation and immune tolerance, we also touch upon the impact of obesity and altered lipid metabolism on tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keene Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Yong Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Shi Yong Neo,
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25
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Astragalus Polysaccharide Promotes Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis by Reducing O-GlcNAcylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060866. [PMID: 36980207 PMCID: PMC10047337 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs remain a crucial obstacle to the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identifying combination therapy from Chinese herbs to enhance the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs is of particular interest. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), one of the natural active components in Astragalus membranaceus, has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor properties in diverse cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of APS on Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced apoptosis in HCC and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that APS dose-dependently promoted Dox-induced apoptosis and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additionally, APS decreased the mRNA level and protein stability of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and increased the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) expression. Furthermore, OGT lentiviral transfection or PugNAc (OGA inhibitor) treatment reversed the ER stress and apoptosis induced by the combination of Dox and APS. A xenograft tumor mouse model confirmed that the combination of APS and Dox showed an advantage in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggested that APS promoted Dox-induced apoptosis in HCC cells through reducing the O-GlcNAcylation, which led to the exacerbation of ER stress and activation of apoptotic pathways.
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26
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Lv M, Zhang Y, Yang L, Cao X. Depletion of chop suppresses procedural apoptosis and enhances innate immunity in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus under ammonia nitrogen stress. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad114. [PMID: 37102217 PMCID: PMC10184690 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen is highly toxic to fish, and it can easily cause fish poisoning or even high mortality. So far, many studies have been conducted on the damages to fish under ammonia nitrogen stress. However, there are few studies of ammonia tolerance improvement in fish. In this study, the effects of ammonia nitrogen exposure on apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and immune cells in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated. Loaches (60 d post fertilization) were exposed to different concentrations of NH4Cl, and their survival rates were examined every 6 h. The results showed that high-concentration and long-time NH4Cl exposure (20 mM + 18 h; 15 mM + 36 h) induced apoptosis and gill tissue damages, finally causing a decline in survival. chop plays an important role in ER stress-induced apoptosis, and thus we constructed a model of chop-depleted loach by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate its response to ammonia nitrogen stress. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen stress down-regulated the expressions of apoptosis-related genes in chop+/- loach gills, while wildtype (WT) exhibited an opposite gene expression regulation pattern, suggesting that the depletion of chop suppressed apoptosis level. In addition, chop+/- loach showed a larger number of immunity-related cells and higher survival rate than WT under the NH4Cl exposure, indicating that the inhibition of chop function strengthened the innate immune barrier in general, thus increasing survival. Our findings provide the theoretical basis for developing high ammonia nitrogen-tolerant germplasm with aquaculture potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Lv
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunbang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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27
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Chen Y, Yan X, Wang T, Deng H, Deng X, Xu F, Liang H. PNPLA3 148M/M Is More Susceptible to Palmitic Acid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. Int J |