1
|
Lee EJ, Kim K, Diaz-Aguilar MS, Min H, Chavez E, Steinbergs KJ, Safarta LA, Zhang G, Ryan AF, Lin JH. Mutations in unfolded protein response regulator ATF6 cause hearing and vision loss syndrome. J Clin Invest 2025; 135:e175562. [PMID: 39570676 PMCID: PMC11785932 DOI: 10.1172/jci175562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is a key regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and is important for ER function and protein homeostasis in metazoan cells. Patients carrying loss-of-function ATF6 disease alleles develop the cone dysfunction disorder achromatopsia. The effect of loss of ATF6 function on other cell types, organs, and diseases in people remains unclear. Here, we report that progressive sensorineural hearing loss was a notable complaint in some patients carrying ATF6 disease alleles and that Atf6-/- mice also showed progressive auditory deficits affecting both sexes. In mice with hearing deficits, we found disorganized stereocilia on hair cells and focal loss of outer hair cells. Transcriptomics analysis of Atf6-/- cochleae revealed a marked induction of the UPR, especially through the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) arm. These findings identify ATF6 as an essential regulator of cochlear health and function. Furthermore, they support the idea that ATF6 inactivation in people causes progressive sensorineural hearing loss as part of a blindness-deafness genetic syndrome targeting hair cells and cone photoreceptors. Last, our genetic findings indicate that ER stress is an important pathomechanism underlying cochlear damage and hearing loss, with clinical implications for patient lifestyle modifications that minimize environmental and physiological sources of ER stress to the ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lee
- Departments of Pathology and
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Kyle Kim
- Departments of Pathology and
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Monica Sophia Diaz-Aguilar
- Departments of Pathology and
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Rush University Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hyejung Min
- Departments of Pathology and
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Chavez
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience, UCSD and Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Korina J. Steinbergs
- Departments of Pathology and
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lance A. Safarta
- Departments of Pathology and
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Allen F. Ryan
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience, UCSD and Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lin
- Departments of Pathology and
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Ma H, Zhang B, Li S, Lu B, Qi Y, Liu T, Wang H, Kang X, Liang Y, Kong E, Cao L, Zhou B. Protein palmitoylation in hepatic diseases: Functional insights and therapeutic strategies. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00619-2. [PMID: 39732335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver pathologies represent a spectrum of conditions ranging from fatty liver to the aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as parasitic infections, which collectively pose substantial global health challenges. S-palmitoylation (commonly referred to as palmitoylation), a post-translational modification (PTM) characterized by the covalent linkage of a 16-carbon palmitic acid (PA) chain to specific cysteine residues on target proteins, plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular functions and is intimately associated with the liver's physiological and pathological states. AIM OF REVIEW This study aims to elucidate how protein palmitoylation affects liver disease pathophysiology and evaluates its potential as a target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Recent studies have identified the key role of protein palmitoylation in regulating the development and progression of liver diseases. This review summarizes the intricate mechanisms by which protein palmitoylation modulates the pathophysiological processes of liver diseases and explores the potential of targeting protein palmitoylation modifications or the enzymes regulating this modification as prospective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Haoyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Sainan Li
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Beijia Lu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yingcheng Qi
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Eryan Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Binhui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China; Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Tang M, Liu Q, Wu D, Sun B, Dong J, Guan L, Luo J, Zeng M. PAT exposure caused human hepatocytes apoptosis and induced mice subacute liver injury by activating oxidative stress and the ERS-associated PERK pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 955:177003. [PMID: 39433224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
With the widespread use of antimony compounds in synthetic materials and processing, the occupational exposure and environmental pollution caused by antimony have attracted the attention of researchers. Studies have shown that antimony compounds can cause liver damage, but the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we used the trivalent potassium antimony tartrate (PAT) to infect L02 hepatocytes and Kunming (KM) mice to establish an antimony-induced apoptosis model of L02 cells and a subacute liver injury model of KM mice. We found that PAT exposure caused hepatocyte apoptosis and was accompanied by oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and the ERS-associated PERK pathway was activated. Further experimental results showed that N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment or silencing of the PERK gene in L02 cells reduced PAT-induced apoptosis. The activity of SOD and CAT in treated L02 cells was increased, the malondialdehyde content in L02 cells and liver tissues was decreased, and the content of ERS-related proteins GRP78 and CHOP, as well as the content of PERK-pathway-related proteins p-PERK/PERK, p-eif2α/eif2α and ATF4 protein were significantly reduced. Overall, PAT exposure triggered hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury by inducing oxidative stress and activating the ERS-associated PERK pathway; however, this effect could be alleviated by NAC intervention or silencing of PERK in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing 400050, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Die Wu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Jingbang Dong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Jianlan Luo
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration of Hunan, Changsha 411100, PR China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ogura J, Yamanoi K, Ishida K, Nakamura E, Ito S, Aoyama N, Nakanishi Y, Menju T, Kawaguchi K, Hosoe Y, Taki M, Murakami R, Yamaguchi K, Hamanishi J, Mandai M. A stearate-rich diet and oleate restriction directly inhibit tumor growth via the unfolded protein response. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:2659-2672. [PMID: 39617788 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are known to have significant effects on the properties of cancer cells. Therefore, these compounds have been incorporated into therapeutic strategies. However, few studies have examined the effects of individual fatty acids and their interactions in depth. This study analyzed the effects of various fatty acids on cancer cells and revealed that stearic acid, an abundant saturated fatty acid, had a stronger inhibitory effect on cell growth than did palmitic acid, which is also an abundant saturated fatty acid, by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Intriguingly, the negative effects of stearate were reduced by the presence of oleate, a different type of abundant fatty acid. We combined a stearate-rich diet with the inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 to explore the impact of diet on tumor growth. This intervention significantly reduced tumor growth in both ovarian cancer models and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), including those with chemotherapy resistance, notably by increasing stearate levels while reducing oleate levels within the tumors. Conversely, the negative effects of a stearate-rich diet were mitigated by an oleate-rich diet. This study revealed that dietary stearate can directly inhibit tumor growth through mechanisms involving DNA damage and apoptosis mediated by the UPR pathway. These results suggest that dietary interventions, which increase stearic acid levels while decreasing oleic acid levels, may be promising therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. These results could lead to the development of new cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Ogura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanoi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Ishida
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eijiro Nakamura
- Department of Urology and Retroperitoneal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Hosoe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mana Taki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng K, Pei M, Li B, Yang N, Wang Z, Wan X, Zhong Z, Yang Z, Chen Y. Signal pathways involved in contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1490725. [PMID: 39655278 PMCID: PMC11625813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1490725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has emerged as a global public health concern, ranking as the third most prevalent cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury, which is related to adverse outcomes. However, its precise pathogenesis remains elusive. Consequently, researchers are dedicated to uncovering CI-AKI's pathophysiology and signaling pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, to improve prevention and treatment. This review thoroughly analyzes the signaling pathways and their interactions associated with CI-AKI, assesses the impact of various research models on pathway analysis, and explores more precise targeted treatment and prevention approaches. Aims to furnish a robust theoretical foundation for the molecular mechanisms underpinning clinical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bucarey JL, Trujillo-González I, Paules EM, Espinosa A. Myokines and Their Potential Protective Role Against Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1363. [PMID: 39594505 PMCID: PMC11591161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myokines, bioactive peptides released by skeletal muscle, have emerged as crucial regulators of metabolic and protective pathways in peripheral tissues, particularly in combating oxidative stress and inflammation. Their plasma concentration significantly increases following exercise, offering valuable insights into the role of physical activity in preventing sarcopenia and mitigating metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review focuses on discussing the roles of specific myokines in activating intracellular signaling pathways within the liver, which confer protection against steatosis and lipid peroxidation. We detail the mechanism underlying lipid peroxidation and highlight the liver's antioxidant defenses, such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which are pivotal in reducing ferroptosis. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of key myokines, including myostatin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and irisin, among others, and their potential impact on liver function. Finally, we discuss the molecular mechanisms through which these myokines influence oxidate stress and lipid metabolism, emphasizing their capacity to modulate antioxidant responses in the liver. Finally, we underscore the therapeutic potential of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance myokine release, thereby preventing the progression of MASD through improved hepatic antioxidant defenses. This review represents a comprehensive perspective on the intersection of exercise, myokine biology, and liver health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Bucarey
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2172972, Chile;
| | - Isis Trujillo-González
- Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.T.-G.); (E.M.P.)
| | - Evan M. Paules
- Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.T.-G.); (E.M.P.)
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2172972, Chile;
- Center of Interdisciplinary Biomedical and Engineering Research for Health, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2172972, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hajdú B, Kapuy O, Nagy T. Basal State Calibration of a Chemical Reaction Network Model for Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11316. [PMID: 39457096 PMCID: PMC11508741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The modulation of autophagy plays a dual role in tumor cells, with the potential to both promote and suppress tumor proliferation. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of autophagy, we have developed a chemical reaction kinetic model of autophagy and apoptosis based on the mass action kinetic models that have been previously described in the literature. It is regrettable that the authors did not provide all of the information necessary to reconstruct their model, which made their simulation results irreproducible. In this study, based on an extensive literature review, we have identified concentrations for each species in the stress-free, homeostatic state. These ranges were randomly sampled to generate sets of initial concentrations, from which the simulations were run. In every case, abnormal behavior was observed, with apoptosis and autophagy being activated, even in the absence of stress. Consequently, the model failed to reproduce even the basal conditions. Detailed examination of the model revealed erroneous reactions, which were corrected. The influential kinetic parameters of the corrected model were identified and optimized using the Optima++ code. The model is now capable of simulating homeostatic states, and provides a suitable basis for further model development to describe cell response to various stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hajdú
- Department of Molecular Biology at the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Molecular Biology at the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Insititute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hanchang W, Woonnoi W, Saetan J, Suttithumsatid W, Tanasawet S, Sanprick A, Moolsup F, Sukketsiri W. Sangyod rice extract mitigates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells and hepatic steatosis in diabetic rats via AMPK/mTOR/MAPK signaling pathways. FOOD BIOSCI 2024; 61:104662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
|
9
|
Białek W, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Czechowicz P, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Czogalla A, Bartoszewski R. The lipid side of unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159515. [PMID: 38844203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation of either protein or lipid homeostasis profoundly affects the other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on the causes and consequences of disrupted protein folding. The UPR itself consists of very complex pathways that function to not only maintain protein homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate lipid biogenesis to allow the ER to adjust and promote cell survival. Lipid dysregulation is known to activate many aspects of the UPR, but the complexity of this crosstalk remains a major research barrier. ER lipid disequilibrium and lipotoxicity are known to be important contributors to numerous human pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Despite their medical significance and continuous research, however, the molecular mechanisms that modulate lipid synthesis during ER stress conditions, and their impact on cell fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize the current view on crosstalk and connections between altered lipid metabolism, ER stress, and the UPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Czechowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mihajlovic M, De Boever S, Tabernilla A, Callewaert E, Sanz-Serrano J, Verhoeven A, Maerten A, Rosseel Z, De Waele E, Vinken M. Investigation of parenteral nutrition-induced hepatotoxicity using human liver spheroid co-cultures. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3109-3126. [PMID: 38740588 PMCID: PMC11324701 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is typically administered to individuals with gastrointestinal dysfunction, a contraindication for enteral feeding, and a need for nutritional therapy. When PN is the only energy source in patients, it is defined as total parenteral nutrition (TPN). TPN is a life-saving approach for different patient populations, both in infants and adults. However, despite numerous benefits, TPN can cause adverse effects, including metabolic disorders and liver injury. TPN-associated liver injury, known as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), represents a significant problem affecting up to 90% of individuals receiving TPN. IFALD pathogenesis is complex, depending on the TPN components as well as on the patient's medical conditions. Despite numerous animal studies and clinical observations, the molecular mechanisms driving IFALD remain largely unknown. The present study was set up to elucidate the mechanisms underlying IFALD. For this purpose, human liver spheroid co-cultures were treated with a TPN mixture, followed by RNA sequencing analysis. Subsequently, following exposure to TPN and its single nutritional components, several key events of liver injury, including mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation (steatosis), were studied using various techniques. It was found that prolonged exposure to TPN substantially changes the transcriptome profile of liver spheroids and affects multiple metabolic and signaling pathways contributing to liver injury. Moreover, TPN and its main components, especially lipid emulsion, induce changes in all key events measured and trigger steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybren De Boever
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen Callewaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anouk Verhoeven
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amy Maerten
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zenzi Rosseel
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth De Waele
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sannappa Gowda NG, Shiragannavar VD, Karunakara SH, Veeranna RP, Suvarna D, Kumar DP, Santhekadur PK. Novel role of Quercetin in ameliorating metabolic syndrome via VDR mediated activation of adiponectin/AdipoR2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101754. [PMID: 39006943 PMCID: PMC11246006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity leads to metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities involving abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia associated Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), and Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In this study, we evaluated the novel hepato/cardio/adipo-protective role of Quercetin via Vitamin D Receptor, and elucidated its underlying mechanisms in reducing lipotoxicity, inflammation and fibrosis in high calorie diet induced metabolic syndrome. Male Swiss albino mice were fed with western diet and sugar water for multiple time intervals. Anti-lipotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effect of Quercetin was assessed by Oil Red O, H&E and TMS staining at different time points. The lipid profile, mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (TNF- α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1), fibrotic markers (α-SMA, COL1A1, COL1A2), adiponectin, AdipoR2, and VDR expression levels were measured from RNA pools of adipose, liver and heart tissues. Also, lipid-lowering and anti-steatohepatitic effects of Quercetin was assessed using mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, rat H9c2 cardiac cells, and human HepG2 hepatocytes. Our results indicate that, western diet fed mice with Quercetin ameliorated lipid profile and lipotoxicity. Histopathological examination and gene expression data revealed that Quercetin reduced hepatic and cardiac inflammation and fibrosis-associated markers. Interestingly, Quercetin treatment increased the serum levels of adiponectin and mRNA expressions of AdipoR2 and VDR. In-vitro experiments revealed the reduction in lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 and fatty-acid-treated hepatic and cardiac cells following Quercetin treatment. These findings indicate that Quercetin exhibits a protective role on multiple organs through VDR activation and subsequent Adipo/AdipoR2 signaling in metabolic syndrome associated obesity, hepatic injury, and cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala G Sannappa Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Varsha D Shiragannavar
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Shreyas H Karunakara
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | | | - Deepak Suvarna
- Department of Gastroenterology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Prasanna K Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Levy E, Fallet-Bianco C, Auclair N, Patey N, Marcil V, Sané AT, Spahis S. Unraveling Chylomicron Retention Disease Enhances Insight into SAR1B GTPase Functions and Mechanisms of Actions, While Shedding Light of Intracellular Chylomicron Trafficking. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1548. [PMID: 39062121 PMCID: PMC11274388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, significant efforts have been focused on unraveling congenital intestinal disorders that disrupt the absorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. The primary goal has been to gain deeper insights into intra-enterocyte sites, molecular steps, and crucial proteins/regulatory pathways involved, while simultaneously identifying novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools. This research not only delves into specific and rare malabsorptive conditions, such as chylomicron retention disease (CRD), but also contributes to our understanding of normal physiology through the utilization of cutting-edge cellular and animal models alongside advanced research methodologies. This review elucidates how modern techniques have facilitated the decoding of CRD gene defects, the identification of dysfunctional cellular processes, disease regulatory mechanisms, and the essential role of coat protein complex II-coated vesicles and cargo receptors in chylomicron trafficking and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites. Moreover, experimental approaches have shed light on the multifaceted functions of SAR1B GTPase, wherein loss-of-function mutations not only predispose individuals to CRD but also exacerbate oxidative stress, inflammation, and ER stress, potentially contributing to clinical complications associated with CRD. In addition to dissecting the primary disease pathology, genetically modified animal models have emerged as invaluable assets in exploring various ancillary aspects, including responses to environmental challenges such as dietary alterations, gender-specific disparities in disease onset and progression, and embryonic lethality or developmental abnormalities. In summary, this comprehensive review provides an in-depth and contemporary analysis of CRD, offering a meticulous examination of the CRD current landscape by synthesizing the latest research findings and advancements in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Fallet-Bianco
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nickolas Auclair
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Schohraya Spahis
- Azrieli Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng SY, Jiang L, Wang Y, Cai W. Emerging role of regulated cell death in intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:228-233. [PMID: 36621400 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a common complication of long-term parenteral nutrition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is mainly characterized by cholestasis in children and steatohepatitis in adults. Unfortunately, there is no effective approach to prevent or reverse the disease. Regulated cell death (RCD) represents a fundamental biological paradigm that determines the outcome of a variety of liver diseases. Nowadays cell death is reclassified into several types, based on the mechanisms and morphological phenotypes. Emerging evidence has linked different modes of RCD, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Recent studies have shown that different modes of RCD are present in animal models and patients with IFALD. Understanding the pathogenic roles of cell death may help uncover the underlying mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic strategies in IFALD. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on how RCD may link to the pathogenesis of IFALD. We highlight examples of cell death-targeted interventions aiming to attenuate the disease, and provide perspectives for future basic and translational research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang J, Lu W, Zhang J, Du Y, Fang M, Zhang A, Sungcad G, Chon S, Xing J. Loss of TRIM29 mitigates viral myocarditis by attenuating PERK-driven ER stress response in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3481. [PMID: 38664417 PMCID: PMC11045800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the myocardium, is a significant cause of sudden death in children and young adults. The current coronavirus disease 19 pandemic emphasizes the need to understand the pathogenesis mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for viral myocarditis. Here, we found that TRIM29 was highly induced by cardiotropic viruses and promoted protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses that promote viral replication in cardiomyocytes in vitro. TRIM29 deficiency protected mice from viral myocarditis by promoting cardiac antiviral functions and reducing PERK-mediated inflammation and immunosuppressive monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIM29 interacted with PERK to promote SUMOylation of PERK to maintain its stability, thereby promoting PERK-mediated signaling pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 mitigated viral myocarditis by disrupting the TRIM29-PERK connection, thereby bolstering cardiac function, enhancing cardiac antiviral responses, and curbing inflammation and immunosuppressive mMDSC in vivo. Our findings offer insight into how cardiotropic viruses exploit TRIM29-regulated PERK signaling pathways to instigate viral myocarditis, suggesting that targeting the TRIM29-PERK axis could mitigate disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jerry Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mingli Fang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Sungcad
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Samantha Chon
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junji Xing
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou L, Li M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: bridging inflammation and obesity-associated adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381227. [PMID: 38638434 PMCID: PMC11024263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant global health challenge, increasing the susceptibility to chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Within the context of obesity, lipid metabolism, adipose tissue formation, and inflammation are intricately linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ERS modulates metabolism, insulin signaling, inflammation, as well as cell proliferation and death through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Serving as a crucial nexus, ERS bridges the functionality of adipose tissue and the inflammatory response. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms by which ERS impacts adipose tissue function and inflammation in obesity, aiming to offer insights into targeting ERS for ameliorating metabolic dysregulation in obesity-associated chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Min Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang J, Guo J, Yang N, Huang Y, Wen J, Xiang Q, Liu Q, Chen Y, Hu T, Rao C. Zanthoxylum armatum DC fruit ethyl acetate extract site induced hepatotoxicity by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting autophagy in BRL-3A models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117245. [PMID: 37802376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Z. armatum) is renowned not only as a culinary spice but also as a staple in traditional ethnic medicine, predominantly in Southeast Asia and various other regions. Recent research has unveiled its multifaceted pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and toothache relief effects. Nonetheless, some studies have reported the potential toxicity of Z. armatum, emphasizing the need to further explore its toxicity mechanisms for safer application. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effect and mechanism of hepatotoxicity in BRL-3A cells induced by Z. armatum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of Z. armatum (ZADC-EA) were identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The hepatotoxicity of the extract was evaluated by detecting cell viability, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were detected by Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B, flow cytometry, and Western blot to explore the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by ZADC-EA. RESULTS UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis revealed the presence of compounds belonging to flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The IC50 value of ZADC-EA was 62.43 μg/mL, the cell viability of BRL-3A decreased in a time-dose dependent manner, and the levels of AST, ALT, and LDH were upregulated. In addition, ZADC-EA-induced increased expression of eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway proteins, inhibited autophagy, and promoted apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the hepatotoxicity mechanisms of ZADC-EA on BRL-3A cells. It was found that ZADC-EA could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibit autophagy, then intensify apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress could exacerbate autophagy inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Starr CR, Lee EJ, Park KS, Zhylkibayev A, Medina A, Lin JH, Gorbatyuk M. The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 98:101231. [PMID: 38092262 PMCID: PMC11056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and oxidative stress; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Josh J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Starr
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yazıcı D, Demir SÇ, Sezer H. Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Lipotoxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:391-430. [PMID: 39287860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity, originally used to describe the destructive effects of excess fat accumulation on glucose metabolism, causes functional impairments in several metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas, and muscle. Ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidneys, liver, and heart has important clinical counterparts like diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity-related glomerulopathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiomyopathy. Insulin resistance due to lipotoxicity indirectly lead to reproductive system disorders, like polycystic ovary syndrome. Lipotoxicity has roles in insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Increased circulating levels of lipids and the metabolic alterations in fatty acid utilization and intracellular signaling have been related to insulin resistance in muscle and liver. Different pathways, like novel protein kinase c pathways and the JNK-1 pathway, are involved as the mechanisms of how lipotoxicity leads to insulin resistance in nonadipose tissue organs, such as liver and muscle. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, through mainly increased oxidative stress, also plays an important role in the etiology of insulin resistance, especially seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Visceral adiposity and insulin resistance both increase the cardiometabolic risk, and lipotoxicity seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yazıcı
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selin Çakmak Demir
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Sezer
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Venkatesan N, Doskey LC, Malhi H. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in Lipotoxicity during Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1887-1899. [PMID: 37689385 PMCID: PMC10699131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid and protein homeostasis induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipotoxic and proteotoxic stress can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) transducers: inositol requiring enzyme1α, PKR-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6α. Collectively, these pathways induce expression of genes that encode functions to resolve the protein folding defect and ER stress by increasing the protein folding capacity of the ER and degradation of misfolded proteins. The ER is also intimately connected with lipid metabolism, including de novo ceramide synthesis, phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis, and lipid droplet formation. Following their activation, the UPR transducers also regulate lipogenic pathways in the liver. With persistent ER stress, cellular adaptation fails, resulting in hepatocyte apoptosis, a pathological marker of liver disease. In addition to the ER-nucleus signaling activated by the UPR, the ER can interact with other organelles via membrane contact sites. Modulating intracellular communication between ER and endosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria to restore ER homeostasis could have therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating liver disease. Recent studies have also demonstrated that cells can convey ER stress by the release of extracellular vesicles. This review discusses lipotoxic ER stress and the central role of the ER in communicating ER stress to other intracellular organelles in MASLD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanditha Venkatesan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luke C Doskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dai JJ, Zhang YF, Zhang ZH. Global trends and hotspots of treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A bibliometric and visualization analysis (2010-2023). World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5339-5360. [PMID: 37899789 PMCID: PMC10600806 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is chronic, with its progression leading to liver fibrosis and end-stage cirrhosis. Although NAFLD is increasingly common, no treatment guideline has been established. Many mechanistic studies and drug trials have been conducted for new drug development to treat NAFLD. An up-to-date overview on the knowledge structure of NAFLD through bibliometrics, focusing on research hotspots, is necessary to reveal the rational and timely directions of development in this field. AIM To research the latest literature and determine the current trends in treatment for NAFLD. METHODS Publications related to treatment for NAFLD were searched on the Web of Science Core Collection database, from 2010 to 2023. VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and R package "bibliometrix" were used to conduct this bibliometric analysis. The key information was extracted, and the results of the cluster analysis were based on network data for generating and investigating maps for country, institution, journal, and author. Historiography analysis, bursts and cluster analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and trend topic revealed the knowledge structure and research hotspots in this field. GraphPad Prism 9.5.1.733 and Microsoft Office Excel 2019 were used for data analysis and visualization. RESULTS In total, 10829 articles from 120 countries (led by China and the United States) and 8785 institutions were included. The number of publications related to treatment for NAFLD increased annually. While China produced the most publications, the United States was the most cited country, and the United Kingdom collaborated the most from an international standpoint. The University of California-San Diego, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine produced the most publications of all the research institutions. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences was the most frequent journal out of the 1523 total journals, and Hepatology was the most cited and co-cited journal. Sanyal AJ was the most cited author, the most co-cited author was Younossi ZM, and the most influential author was Loomba R. The most studied topics included the epidemiology and mechanism of NAFLD, the development of accurate diagnosis, the precise management of patients with NAFLD, and the associated metabolic comorbidities. The major cluster topics were "emerging drug," "glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist," "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease," "gut microbiota," and "glucose metabolism." CONCLUSION The bibliometric study identified recent research frontiers and hot directions, which can provide a valuable reference for scholars researching treatments for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deng L, Wu SA, Qi L, Kersten S. HILPDA is a lipotoxic marker in adipocytes that mediates the autocrine negative feedback regulation of triglyceride hydrolysis by fatty acids and alleviates cellular lipotoxic stress. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101773. [PMID: 37422000 PMCID: PMC10391665 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipolysis is a key metabolic pathway in adipocytes that renders stored triglycerides available for use by other cells and tissues. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are known to exert feedback inhibition on adipocyte lipolysis, but the underlying mechanisms have only partly been elucidated. An essential enzyme in adipocyte lipolysis is ATGL. Here, we examined the role of the ATGL inhibitor HILPDA in the negative feedback regulation of adipocyte lipolysis by fatty acids. METHODS We exposed wild-type, HILPDA-deficient and HILPDA-overexpressing adipocytes and mice to various treatments. HILPDA and ATGL protein levels were determined by Western blot. ER stress was assessed by measuring the expression of marker genes and proteins. Lipolysis was studied in vitro and in vivo by measuring NEFA and glycerol levels. RESULTS We show that HILPDA mediates a fatty acid-induced autocrine feedback loop in which elevated intra- or extracellular fatty acids levels upregulate HILPDA by activation of the ER stress response and the fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4). The increased HILPDA levels in turn downregulate ATGL protein levels to suppress intracellular lipolysis, thereby maintaining lipid homeostasis. The deficiency of HILPDA under conditions of excessive fatty acid load disrupts this chain of events, leading to elevated lipotoxic stress in adipocytes. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that HILPDA is a lipotoxic marker in adipocytes that mediates a negative feedback regulation of lipolysis by fatty acids via ATGL and alleviates cellular lipotoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Auclair N, Sané AT, Ahmarani L, Ould-Chikh NEH, Patey N, Beaulieu JF, Delvin E, Spahis S, Levy E. High-fat diet reveals the impact of Sar1b defects on lipid and lipoprotein profile and cholesterol metabolism. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100423. [PMID: 37558128 PMCID: PMC10518719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants of the Sar1b gene cause chylomicron retention disease (CRD) whose central phenotype is the inability to secrete chylomicrons. Patients with CRD experience numerous clinical symptoms such as gastrointestinal, hepatic, neuromuscular, ophthalmic, and cardiological abnormalities. Recently, the production of mice expressing either a targeted deletion or mutation of Sar1b recapitulated biochemical and gastrointestinal defects associated with CRD. The present study was conducted to better understand little-known aspects of Sar1b mutations, including mouse embryonic development, lipid profile, and lipoprotein composition in response to high-fat diet, gut and liver cholesterol metabolism, sex-specific effects, and genotype-phenotype differences. Sar1b deletion and mutation produce a lethal phenotype in homozygous mice, which display intestinal lipid accumulation without any gross morphological abnormalities. On high-fat diet, mutant mice exhibit more marked abnormalities in body composition, adipose tissue and liver weight, plasma cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids than those on the regular Chow diet. Divergences were also noted in lipoprotein lipid composition, lipid ratios (serving as indices of particle size) and lipoprotein-apolipoprotein distribution. Sar1b defects significantly reduce gut cholesterol accumulation while altering key players in cholesterol metabolism. Noteworthy, variations were observed between males and females, and between Sar1b deletion and mutation phenotypes. Overall, mutant animal findings reveal the importance of Sar1b in several biochemical, metabolic and developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Auclair
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain T Sané
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léna Ahmarani
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Patey
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhong M, Wu Z, Chen Z, Ren Q, Zhou J. Advances in the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115134. [PMID: 37437374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site for protein synthesis, folding, and secretion, and accumulation of the unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER may induce ER stress. ER stress is an important participant in various intracellular signaling pathways. Prolonged- or high-intensity ER stress may induce cell apoptosis. Osteoporosis, characterized by imbalanced bone remodeling, is a global disease caused by many factors, such as ER stress. ER stress stimulates osteoblast apoptosis, increases bone loss, and promotes osteoporosis development. Many factors, such as the drug's adverse effects, metabolic disorders, calcium ion imbalance, bad habits, and aging, have been reported to activate ER stress, resulting in the pathological development of osteoporosis. Increasing evidence shows that ER stress regulates osteogenic differentiation, osteoblast activity, and osteoclast formation and function. Various therapeutic agents have been developed to counteract ER stress and thereby suppress osteoporosis development. Thus, inhibition of ER stress has become a potential target for the therapeutic management of osteoporosis. However, the in-depth understanding of ER stress in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis still needs more effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhong
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Soleimani E, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. Protein Quality, Glycemic and Metabolic Indices and Anthropometric Features Among Overweight and Obese Adults. Nutr Metab Insights 2023; 16:11786388231181038. [PMID: 37435042 PMCID: PMC10331230 DOI: 10.1177/11786388231181038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various studies have shown an inverse relationship between the quality of protein intake based on essential amino acids (EAAs) with obesity and its complications. We assumed that increasing EAAs-based protein intake quality improves glycemic and metabolic markers and anthropometric measurements in obese and overweight people. Methods This cross-sectional study included 180 obese and overweight participants aged 18 to 35. Dietary information was obtained using an 80-item food frequency questionnaire. The total intake of EAAs was calculated using the United States department of agriculture (USDA) database. Quality protein was defined as the ratio of EAAs (gr) to total dietary protein (gr). Sociodemographic status, physical activity (PA), and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated using a valid and reliable method. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests adjusted for sex, PA, age, energy, and body mass index (BMI) were used to measure this association. Results Protein quality intake was highest among the group with the lowest weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and fat mass (FM); and on the other hand, the fat-free mass (FFM) has increased; also Increasing the quality of protein intake improved the lipid profile and some glycemic indices and insulin sensitivity, although this association was not significant. Conclusions Increasing the quality of protein intake significantly improved anthropometric measurements, and also improved some glycemic and metabolic indices although, their relationship was not significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ensiye Soleimani
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao J, Lee K, Toh HC, Lam KP, Neo SY. Unravelling the role of obesity and lipids during tumor progression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1163160. [PMID: 37063269 PMCID: PMC10097918 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1163160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the biochemical pathways in cancer promotes oncogenic transformations and metastatic potential. Recent studies have shed light on how obesity and altered lipid metabolism could be the driving force for tumor progression. Here, in this review, we focus on liver cancer and discuss how obesity and lipid-driven metabolic reprogramming affect tumor, immune, and stroma cells in the tumor microenvironment and, in turn, how alterations in these cells synergize to influence and contribute to tumor growth and dissemination. With increasing evidence on how obesity exacerbates inflammation and immune tolerance, we also touch upon the impact of obesity and altered lipid metabolism on tumor immune escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keene Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Yong Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Shi Yong Neo,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Astragalus Polysaccharide Promotes Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis by Reducing O-GlcNAcylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060866. [PMID: 36980207 PMCID: PMC10047337 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs remain a crucial obstacle to the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identifying combination therapy from Chinese herbs to enhance the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs is of particular interest. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), one of the natural active components in Astragalus membranaceus, has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor properties in diverse cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of APS on Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced apoptosis in HCC and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that APS dose-dependently promoted Dox-induced apoptosis and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additionally, APS decreased the mRNA level and protein stability of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and increased the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) expression. Furthermore, OGT lentiviral transfection or PugNAc (OGA inhibitor) treatment reversed the ER stress and apoptosis induced by the combination of Dox and APS. A xenograft tumor mouse model confirmed that the combination of APS and Dox showed an advantage in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggested that APS promoted Dox-induced apoptosis in HCC cells through reducing the O-GlcNAcylation, which led to the exacerbation of ER stress and activation of apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lv M, Zhang Y, Yang L, Cao X. Depletion of chop suppresses procedural apoptosis and enhances innate immunity in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus under ammonia nitrogen stress. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad114. [PMID: 37102217 PMCID: PMC10184690 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen is highly toxic to fish, and it can easily cause fish poisoning or even high mortality. So far, many studies have been conducted on the damages to fish under ammonia nitrogen stress. However, there are few studies of ammonia tolerance improvement in fish. In this study, the effects of ammonia nitrogen exposure on apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and immune cells in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated. Loaches (60 d post fertilization) were exposed to different concentrations of NH4Cl, and their survival rates were examined every 6 h. The results showed that high-concentration and long-time NH4Cl exposure (20 mM + 18 h; 15 mM + 36 h) induced apoptosis and gill tissue damages, finally causing a decline in survival. chop plays an important role in ER stress-induced apoptosis, and thus we constructed a model of chop-depleted loach by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate its response to ammonia nitrogen stress. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen stress down-regulated the expressions of apoptosis-related genes in chop+/- loach gills, while wildtype (WT) exhibited an opposite gene expression regulation pattern, suggesting that the depletion of chop suppressed apoptosis level. In addition, chop+/- loach showed a larger number of immunity-related cells and higher survival rate than WT under the NH4Cl exposure, indicating that the inhibition of chop function strengthened the innate immune barrier in general, thus increasing survival. Our findings provide the theoretical basis for developing high ammonia nitrogen-tolerant germplasm with aquaculture potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Lv
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunbang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Yan X, Wang T, Deng H, Deng X, Xu F, Liang H. PNPLA3 148M/M Is More Susceptible to Palmitic Acid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:2872408. [PMID: 36825197 PMCID: PMC9943609 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2872408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) is a major susceptibility gene for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its rs738409 (I148M) polymorphism is associated with the occurrence and progression of NAFLD. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related hepatocyte lipoapoptosis contributes to the progress of NAFLD. PNPLA3 is also known as a member of the calcium-independent phospholipase A2ε family, which can hydrolyze fatty acids to generate lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) that induces ER stress-related hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Whether the PNPLA3 risk genotype 148M/M is involved in more severe ER stress-associated lipoapoptosis is unclear. METHODS A PNPLA3148I knock-in HepG2 cell model was constructed based on HepG2 expressing PNPLA3 148M/M using the Cas9/sgRNA system. PNPLA3 148M/M, I/M, and I/I cells were treated with 0.3 mM palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h to induce lipid deposition. Cellular lipid deposition was detected by oil red staining. Apoptosis was observed by TUNEL. LPC was determined by ELISA, and the expression of PNPLA3, the ER stress marker Bip, molecules involved in the ER stress PERK/elF-2a pathway, and its downstream C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated apoptotic pathway were detected by western blot. RESULTS The results showed no difference in PNPLA3 basal expression and basal hepatocyte lipid content between the three genotypes of cells. Lipid deposition and apoptosis were more severe in PNPLA3 148M/M and 148I/M cells than in I/I cells after PA treatment. PA-induced upregulation of protein expression of Bip, ER stress-responsive PERK pathway molecules p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and CHOP-associated apoptotic molecules PUMA and Bax were more pronounced in PNPLA3 148M/M cells than in PNPLA3 148I/I cells. The basal LPC levels and the PA-treated increase of LPC levels in the cell culture supernatants did not differ between the three genotypic cells. CONCLUSION PNPLA3 148M/M cells were more susceptible to PA-induced lipid deposition and ER stress-related apoptosis than 148I/I cells, and the proapoptotic susceptibility of PNPLA3 148M/M is independent of LPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuemei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Joint Service Support Force 903 Hospital, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongrong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaojie Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shiragannavar VD, Sannappa Gowda NG, Puttahanumantharayappa LD, Karunakara SH, Bhat S, Prasad SK, Kumar DP, Santhekadur PK. The ameliorating effect of withaferin A on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by acting as an LXR/FXR dual receptor activator. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1135952. [PMID: 36909161 PMCID: PMC9995434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1135952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence has been rapidly increasing, and it has emerged as one of the major diseases of the modern world. NAFLD constitutes a simple fatty liver to chronic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which often leads to liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, a serious health condition with limited treatment options. Many a time, NAFLD progresses to fatal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nuclear receptors (NRs), such as liver X receptor-α (LXR-α) and closely associated farnesoid X receptor (FXR), are ligand-inducible transcription factors that regulate various metabolism-associated gene expressions and repression and play a major role in controlling the pathophysiology of the human liver. Withaferin A is a multifaceted and potent natural dietary compound with huge beneficial properties and plays a vital role as an anti-inflammatory molecule. Methods: In vivo: Swill albino mice were fed with western diet and sugar water (WDSW) for 12, 16, and 20 weeks with suitable controls. Post necropsy, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and lipid profile were measured by commercially available kits using a semi-auto analyzer in serum samples. Liver histology was assessed using H&E and MTS stains to check the inflammation and fibrosis, respectively, using paraffin-embedded sections and mRNA expressions of these markers were measured using qRT-PCR method. TGF-β1 levels in serum samples were quantified by ELISA. In vitro: Steatosis was induced in HepG2 and Huh7 cells using free fatty acids [Sodium Palmitate (SP) and Oleate (OA)]. After induction, the cells were treated with Withaferin A in dose-dependent manner (1, 2.5, and 5 μM, respectively). In vitro steatosis was confirmed by Oil-Red-O staining. Molecular Docking: Studies were conducted using Auto Dock Vina software to check the binding affinity of Withaferin-A to LXR-α and FXR. Results: We explored the dual receptor-activating nature of Withaferin A using docking studies, which potently improves high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice and suppresses diet-induced hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis via LXR/FXR. Our in vitro studies also indicated that Withaferin A inhibits lipid droplet accumulation in sodium palmitate and oleate-treated HepG2 and Huh7 cells, which may occur through LXR-α and FXR-mediated signaling pathways. Withaferin A is a known inhibitor of NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Intriguingly, both LXR-α and FXR activation inhibits inflammation and fibrosis by negatively regulating NF-κB. Additionally, Withaferin A treatment significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced gene expression, which contributes to reduced hepatic fibrosis. Discussion: Thus, the LXR/ FXR dual receptor activator Withaferin A improves both NAFLD-associated liver inflammation and fibrosis in mouse models and under in vitro conditions, which makes Withaferin A a possibly potent pharmacological and therapeutic agent for the treatment of diet-induced NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha D Shiragannavar
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Nirmala G Sannappa Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Lakshana D Puttahanumantharayappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Shreyas H Karunakara
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Smitha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashanka K Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Prasanna K Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang CY, Chen HW, Lo CW, Wang YR, Li CC, Liu KL, Lii CK. Luteolin ameliorates palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in hepatocytes by mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 171:113554. [PMID: 36509263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of lipids in liver leads to uncontrolled endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Luteolin is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, but whether it protects against lipotoxicity in liver remains unclear. In this study, we challenged AML12 liver cells and mouse primary hepatocytes with palmitic acid (PA) with or without luteolin pretreatment. In the presence of PA, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased at 3 h, followed by enhancement of expression of p-PERK, ATF4, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and TXNIP (ER stress markers) and p-p62 and LC3II/LC3I ratio (autophagy markers), in both primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells. When PA treatment was extended up to 24 h, apoptosis was induced as evidenced by an increase in caspase-3 activation. RFP-GFP-LC3B transfection further revealed that the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes was damaged by PA. With luteolin treatment, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase, was upregulated, and PA-induced ROS production, ER stress, and cell death were dose-dependently ameliorated. Luteolin could also reverse the damage caused to autophagic flux. These results indicate that luteolin protects hepatocytes against PA assault by enhancing antioxidant defense, which can attenuate ER stress and autophagy as well as promote autophagic flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yin Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Wang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang Q, Wu Y, Zhang W, Shen T, Li H, Wu J, Zhang L, Qin L, Chen R, Gu W, Sun Q, Liu C, Li R. Lipidomics and transcriptomics insight into impacts of microplastics exposure on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136591. [PMID: 36167205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), the emerging environmental pollutants, have attracted global attention due to the potential public health challenge and ecological security risk. Recent studies suggested liver as a vulnerable organ to MPs exposure, evidenced by abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism upon MPs intake in multiple animal species. However, the specific changes of lipid metabolism in mammalian livers, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain to be elucidated. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to normal drinking water or drinking water containing 100 μg L-1 or 1000 μg L-1 polystyrene (PS) MPs for 8 weeks. MPs exposure exerted no significant effect on body weight, serum triglyceride or total cholesteryl esters. However, mice showed impaired glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid deposition in response to high-dose MPs administration. Further lipidomic analysis showed significant alteration in hepatic lipid species particularly with free fatty acids (FFAs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in mice exposed to MPs. Meanwhile, the liver transcriptional profile indicated MPs exposure-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in pathways of lipid metabolism and unfolded protein response. Furthermore, most altered lipid species were significantly correlated with DEGs enriched in lipid metabolic signaling. These findings provide lipidomic and transcriptional signatures of liver in response to MPs exposure, which will shed light on further understanding of the metabolic toxicity of MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yunlu Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ting Shen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haizhu Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weijia Gu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luo Y, Jiao Q, Chen Y. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-the responder to lipotoxicity and modulator of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:1073-1085. [PMID: 36657744 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2170780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs with aberrant lipid accumulation and resultant adverse effects and widely exists in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis and actively participates in NAFLD pathological processes, including hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis. Such acknowledges drive the discovery of novel NAFLD biomarker and therapeutic targets and the development of ER-stress targeted NAFLD drugs. AREAS COVERED This article discusses and updates the role of ER stress and UPR in NAFLD, the underlying action mechanism, and especially their full participation in NAFLD pathophysiology. It characterizes key molecular targets useful for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and highlights the recent ER stress-targeted therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. EXPERT OPINION Targeting ER Stress is a valuable and promising strategy for NAFLD treatment, but its smooth translation into clinical application still requires better clarification of the different UPR patterns in diverse NAFLD physiological states. Further understanding of the distinct effects of these various patterns on NAFLD, the thresholds deciding their final impacts, and their actions via non-liver tissues and cells would be of great help to develop a precise and effective therapy for NAFLD. [Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122630. [PMID: 36560634 PMCID: PMC9780809 DOI: 10.3390/v14122630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a type of cellular stress, always occurs when unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulating in the ER exceed the protein folding capacity. Because of the demand for rapid viral protein synthesis after viral infection, viral infections become a risk factor for ER stress. The hepatocyte is a cell with large and well-developed ER, and hepatitis virus infection is widespread in the population, indicating the interaction between hepatitis viruses and ER stress may have significance for managing liver diseases. In this paper, we review the process that is initiated by the hepatocyte through ER stress against HBV and HCV infection and explain how this information can be helpful in the treatment of HBV/HCV-related diseases.
Collapse
|
34
|
Higher Intake of Total Dietary Essential Amino Acids Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224771. [PMID: 36432458 PMCID: PMC9694173 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that a well-balanced intake of total essential amino acids (EAAs) may be associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. This population-based cross-sectional study included 25,787 participants aged ≥30 years from the 2008-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was obtained from 24 h recall data. Demographic and lifestyle factors were assessed using self-administered questionnaires, and metabolic biomarkers were obtained from a health examination. Total essential amino acid score (EAAS) was calculated to determine whether essential amino acid (EAA) intake meets the recommended nutrient intake (RNI). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, participants with higher EAAS had a significantly lower prevalence of high blood pressure (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.98), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98), and Metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.996). Spline regression analysis confirmed linearity of the association between total EAAS and MetS. EAA intake and MetS are associated with an inverse dose-response relationship in which metabolic disease may be prevented when the overall EAA intake meets the RNI.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hou W, Nsengimana B, Yan C, Nashan B, Han S. Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in rifampicin-induced liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1022809. [PMCID: PMC9630567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin is a first-line antituberculosis drug. Hepatocyte toxicity caused by rifampicin is a significant clinical problem. However, the specific mechanism by which rifampicin causes liver injury is still poorly understood. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can have both protective and proapoptotic effects on an organism, depending on the environmental state of the organism. While causing cholestasis and oxidative stress in the liver, rifampicin also activates ER stress in different ways, including bile acid accumulation and cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzyme-induced toxic drug metabolites via pregnane X receptor (PXR). The short-term stress response helps the organism resist toxicity, but when persisting, the response aggravates liver damage. Therefore, ER stress may be closely related to the “adaptive” mechanism and the apoptotic toxicity of rifampicin. This article reviews the functional characteristics of ER stress and its potentially pathogenic role in liver injury caused by rifampicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bernard Nsengimana
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chuyun Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bjorn Nashan
- Department of Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuxin Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shuxin Han,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Exercise and Metformin Intervention Prevents Lipotoxicity-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Alleviating Oxidative and ER Stress and Activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2297268. [PMID: 36120597 PMCID: PMC9481363 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2297268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) commonly coexist and act synergistically to drive adverse clinical outcomes. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of exercise intervention and oral hypoglycaemic drug of metformin (MET) alone or combined on hepatic lipid accumulation. To investigate if oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are involved in lipotoxicity-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in diabetic mice and whether exercise and/or MET alleviated oxidative stress or ERS-apoptosis by AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway. Methods Forty db/db mice with diabetes (random blood glucose ≥ 250 mg/dL) were randomly allocated into four groups: control (CON), exercise training alone (EX), metformin treatment alone (MET), and exercise combined with metformin (EM) groups. Hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining were carried out to observe hepatic lipid accumulation. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL methods were used to detect the protein expression of the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and the apoptosis level of hepatocytes. ERS-related gene expression and the AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway were tested by western blotting. Results Our data showed that db/db mice exhibited increased liver lipid accumulation, which induced oxidative and ER stress of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, and hepatocyte apoptosis. MET combined with exercise training significantly alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressing BiP expression, the central regulator of ER homeostasis, and its downstream PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, as well as upregulated the AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, the combination of exercise and MET displayed protective effects on hepatocyte apoptosis by downregulating Bax expression and TUNEL-positive staining, restoring the balance of cleaved-caspase-3 and caspase-3, and improving the antioxidant defense system to prevent oxidative damage in db/db mice. Conclusion Compared to MET or exercise intervention alone, the combined exercise and metformin exhibited significant effect on ameliorating hepatic steatosis, inhibiting oxidative and ER stress-induced hepatocyte apoptosis via improving the capacity of the antioxidant defense system and suppression of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway. Furthermore, upregulation of AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway might be a key crosstalk between MET and exercise, which may have additive effects on alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Böttcher-Loschinski R, Rial Saborido J, Böttcher M, Kahlfuss S, Mougiakakos D. Lipotoxicity as a Barrier for T Cell-Based Therapies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091182. [PMID: 36139021 PMCID: PMC9496045 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, T-cell-based approaches play an increasing role in cancer treatment. In particular, the use of (genetically engineered) T-cells has heralded a novel era for various diseases with previously poor outcomes. Concurrently, the relationship between the functional behavior of immune cells and their metabolic state, known as immunometabolism, has been found to be an important determinant for the success of immunotherapy. In this context, immune cell metabolism is not only controlled by the expression of transcription factors, enzymes and transport proteins but also by nutrient availability and the presence of intermediate metabolites. The lack of as well as an oversupply of nutrients can be detrimental and lead to cellular dysfunction and damage, potentially resulting in reduced metabolic fitness and/or cell death. This review focusses on the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of T cells to fatty acids, known as lipotoxicity, in the context of an altered lipid tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, implications of T cell-related lipotoxicity for immunotherapy will be discussed, as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Böttcher-Loschinski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Judit Rial Saborido
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- CHaMP, Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang B, Zhu R, Sun X, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Oh Y, Fan L, Wang C, Gu N. Fatty acid palmitate suppresses FoxO1 expression via PERK and IRE1 unfolded protein response in C2C12 myotubes. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105459. [PMID: 36030031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor with a unique fork head domain that indirectly participates in a variety of physiological processes and plays an important role in type 2 diabetes. Palmitate as the most abundant free fatty acid, accounting for 28-32% of total free fatty acids in human plasma. There is a direct relationship between palmitate and insulin resistance-induced type 2 diabetes. In addition, palmitate can activate the unfolded protein response signaling pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to investigate the response of FoxO1 to palmitate and the relationship with ER stress in C2C12 myotubes. Treatment of palmitate or tunicamycin promoted ER stress-related genes expression but suppressed FoxO1 expression, while 4-phenylbutyrate presented the opposite activity in palmitate-pretreated C2C12 myotubes, indicating that ER stress might be closely associated with FoxO1 expression. Moreover, palmitate-suppressed FoxO1 expression was reversed in C2C12 cells when the PERK and IRE-1 signaling pathway was inhibited by treatment with GSK2656157 or 4μ8C. However, no differences were observed when the ATF6 signaling pathway was suppressed by knockout of the ATF6 gene. These findings suggest that palmitate suppressed FoxO1 expression via the PERK and IRE1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Nanxi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Changlin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Effect of Dietary 4-Phenylbuthyric Acid Supplementation on Acute Heat-Stress-Induced Hyperthermia in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162056. [PMID: 36009646 PMCID: PMC9404993 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress (HS) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disrupts the ER and cellular homeostasis. A recent study showed that ER stress was induced in broiler chickens under severe and acute HS; however, it was unclear how the alleviation of ER stress affects the physiological state of broiler chickens. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of an ER stress alleviator, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), which is a chemical chaperone that reduces ER stress, on the body temperature response, energy metabolic state, and cellular ER stress in HS-exposed birds. 4-PBA supplementation did not negatively affect the growth rate. In addition, 4-PBA suppressed the HS-induced ER stress response in skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, 4-PBA significantly decreased body temperature elevation in HS birds. The present study showed that the ER stress, alleviated by 4-PBA, might contribute to the induction of heat tolerance in broiler chickens. Abstract Hot, humid weather causes heat stress (HS) in broiler chickens, which can lead to high mortality. A recent study found that HS causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the possible involvement of ER stress in HS-induced physiological alterations in broiler chickens is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an alleviator of ER stress, in acute HS-exposed young broiler chickens. Twenty-eight 14-day-old male broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were divided into two groups and fed either a control diet or a diet containing 4-PBA (5.25 g per kg of diet feed) for 10 days. At 24 days old, each group of chickens was kept in thermoneutral (24 ± 0.5 °C) or acute HS (36 ± 0.5 °C) conditions for 2 h. The results showed that thermoneutral birds supplemented with 4-PBA exhibited no negative effects in terms of broiler body weight gain and tissue weight compared to non-supplemental birds. HS increased body temperature in both the control and 4-PBA groups, but the elevation was significantly lower in the 4-PBA group than in the control group. The plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration was significantly increased by HS treatment in non-supplemental groups, while the increase was partially attenuated in the 4-PBA group. Moreover, 4-PBA prevented HS-induced gene elevation of the ER stress markers GRP78 and GRP94 in the skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that the 4-PBA effect may be specific to the skeletal muscle in HS-exposed birds and that 4-PBA supplementation attenuated HS-induced muscle ER stress, which could be associated with a supplementation of the body temperature elevation and lipolysis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Eo H, Valentine RJ. Saturated Fatty Acid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Insulin Resistance Are Prevented by Imoxin in C2C12 Myotubes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:842819. [PMID: 35936891 PMCID: PMC9355746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.842819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) levels are elevated due to enlarged adipose tissue mass. Saturated fatty acids can induce prolonged ER stress and insulin resistance. Double-stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase (PKR) is activated under stress conditions in skeletal muscle. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of imoxin (IMX), a selective PKR inhibitor, on palmitate-induced ER stress and insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Cells were treated with 5 μM imoxin and exposed to 0.5 mM bovine serum albumin (BSA)-conjugated PA for 24 h. A subset of cells was stimulated with 50 nM insulin for the last 15 min. Glucose uptake was monitored and protein levels involved in ER stress and insulin signaling were measured by Western blotting. Palmitate stimulated PKR phosphorylation, which was prevented by imoxin. Moreover, imoxin reduced protein levels of ER stress-related markers including glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s) which were induced by palmitate. Furthermore, imoxin ameliorated palmitate-induced suppression of phospho-insulin receptor beta (p-IRβ) and Akt phosphorylation in myotubes. In addition, imoxin promoted glucose uptake in response to insulin under palmitate exposure. Furthermore, imoxin reduced phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) induced by palmitate treatment. These findings suggest that imoxin may protect against saturated fatty acid-induced ER stress and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, which are potentially mediated by PKR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rudy J Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rudy J Valentine,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang N, Gao Q, Shi J, Yulan C, Ji W, Sheng X, Zhang R. Acacetin antagonized lipotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells via ameliorating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8727-8740. [PMID: 35780455 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes, lipotoxicity is a major threat to the function and survival of pancreatic β-cells. To battle against the lipotoxicity induced cellular damages, the present study investigated the beneficial effects of acacetin, a natural antioxidant, on free fatty acid (FFA) stressed RINm5F cells and the potential mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS RINm5F cells with or without 1 h pretreatment of acacetin were treated with 0.35 mM sodium palmitate for 24 h. Cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, antioxidant capacity, cellular apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarker expression were investigated. RESULTS Our experiments demonstrated that acacetin treatment significantly scavenged the intracellular ROS, upregulated the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and diminished the sub-G1 DNA fraction in the cells exposed to FFA, suggesting its efficacy against oxidative stress. Meanwhile, acacetin treatment significantly mitigated the overload of intracellular Ca2+ and reduced the pro-apoptotic protein expression in the FFA stimulated cells, and thereby attenuated the ER stress-mediated cell apoptosis. Furthermore, siRNA interference results confirmed that the suppressing of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) was critical to improve FFA-induced reduction in cell viability and ameliorated the ER stress caused by FFA stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Acacetin may antagonize lipotoxicity in pancreatic cells by attenuating the oxidative stress and ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Yulan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimeng Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiumei Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hussain Y, Khan H, Efferth T, Alam W. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by hesperetin: Focus on antitumor and cytoprotective effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:153985. [PMID: 35358935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is still an all-times issue due to a large and even increasing number of deaths. Impaired genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis are targets for the development of novel cancer treatments. HYPOTHESIS Increased transcription of NADPH oxidase activator (NOXA), Bcl2-like11 (BIM), BH3-only proteins and p53 unregulated apoptosis modulator (PUMA) is caused by the imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The membranous network of ER is present in all eukaryotic cells. ER stress facilitates the interaction between Bax and PUMA, triggering the release of cytochrome C. As a main intracellular organelle, ER is responsible for translocation as well as post-translation modification and protein folding. RESULTS Hesperetin is a cytoprotective flavonone, which acts against ER stress and protects from cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Hesperetin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ and l-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates. CONCLUSION This review deals with the anticancer effects of hesperetin regarding the regulation of ER stress as a principal mechanism in the pathogenesis of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li H, Kang M, Sun S, Gao J, Jia Z, Cao X. Cloning and expressions of chop in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and its response to hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:659-668. [PMID: 35396647 PMCID: PMC8993585 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C/EBP [CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein]-homologous protein gene (chop) which plays an important role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis was investigated here by RACE and qPCR in an aquaculture animal for the first time. The full-length cDNA sequence of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) chop was 2533 bp, encoding 266 amino acids. The expression level of loach chop changed during different early life stages, with the highest expression at the 8-cell stage. Among different tissues, loach chop predominantly was expressed in gill, spleen, and gonad. We performed a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, a common-used disinfectant) stress trial to explore the role of loach chop, with three different concentrations (0 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) of H2O2. The 100-μM dose was lethal for half the population but the other concentrations did not result in mortality. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in loach gill, liver, and spleen decreased with extended stress time and increased H2O2 concentration. The expression levels of gill chop in loaches from the 100-μM group were significantly higher than those from the other two treatment groups at 12 and 24 h of exposure. atf4 and bax, two proapoptotic genes, were significantly upregulated in gills of loaches from the 100-μM group compared to the other two groups 18 h and 24 h after treatment. bcl2, an antiapoptotic gene, presented an opposite trend. These results indicated a close relationship between H2O2 stress and fish apoptosis with loach chop playing an important role in H2O2 stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Minxin Kang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shouxiang Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhiying Jia
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, No. 42 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gao Y, Jiang D, Wang C, An G, Zhu L, Cui C. Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolic Changes in Male Mice Exposed to Sodium Valproate Based on GC-MS Analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1915-1930. [PMID: 35747443 PMCID: PMC9211130 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s357530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sodium valproate (VPA) is the most widely used broad-spectrum antiepileptic first-line drug in clinical practice and is effective against various types of epilepsy. However, VPA can induce severe cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, which limits its use. Metabolomic studies of VPA-induced toxicity have focused primarily on changes in serum and urine metabolites but have not evaluated changes in major organs or tissues. Methods Central target tissues (intestine, lung, liver, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, inner ear, spleen, kidney, heart, and serum) were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry to comprehensively evaluate VPA toxicity in mouse models. Results Multivariate analyses, including orthogonal projections of the latent structure and Student’s t test, indicated that depending on the matrix used in the study (the intestine, lung, liver, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, inner ear, spleen, kidney, heart or serum) the number of metabolites differed, the lung being the poorest and the kidney the richest in number. Conclusion These metabolites were closely related and were found to participate in 12 key pathways related to amino acid, fatty acid, and energy metabolism, revealing that the toxic mechanism of VPA may involve oxidative stress, inflammation, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahao Gao
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang An
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Changmeng Cui, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8617805378911, Email
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu Q, Tang Q, Jing X, Zhang J, Xia Y, Yan J, Xu Y, Li J, Li Y, He J, Mo L. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor protects against paracetamol -induced liver injury by inhibiting PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 602:163-169. [PMID: 35278889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (APAP), an over-the-counter drug, is normally safe within the therapeutic dose range but can cause irreversible liver damage after an overdose. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein and plays a crucial role in metabolic disease. However, the role of MANF in APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity is still unknown. We used hepatocyte-specific MANF-knockout mice and hepatocyte-specific MANF transgenic mice to investigate the role of hepatocyte-derived MANF in APAP-induced acute liver injury. MANF deficiency was associated with a decreased expression of detoxification enzymes, aggravated glutathione depletion and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, MANF knockout significantly increased PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Blockade of PERK abolished MANF deficiency-over-induced hepatotoxicity after APAP administration. Conversely, hepatocyte-specific MANF overexpression attenuated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by downregulating the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Thus, hepatocyte-derived MANF may play a protective role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Moxifloxacin Induced Liver Injury by Causing Lachnospiraceae Deficiency and Interfering with Butyric Acid Production through Gut–Liver Axis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9302733. [PMID: 35531479 PMCID: PMC9076306 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9302733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cases of unpredictable, idiosyncratic liver damage of moxifloxacin (MXF) have been occasionally reported. However, the health effects of MXF exposure remain controversial. The current study examined the metabolic phenotypes and intestinal flora characteristics of hepatotoxicity induced by MXF. Rats were administered moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets at doses of 36, 72, and 108 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days. The levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were decreased, whereas those of lipids (arachidonic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and linoleic acid) were increased, reflecting disorders of energy–related and lipid metabolism. Enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites suggested that butanoate metabolism was associated with MXF–induced liver injury. 16S rRNA sequencing uncovered that the diversity of gut intestinal was decreased in MXF–treated rats. Specifically, the abundance of Muribaculaceae was increased, whereas that of Lachnospiraceae, a family of butyrate–producing bacteria, was decreased. The combined serum metabonomics and gut microbiome datasets illustrated the involvement of butanoic acid and energy metabolism in the regulatory changes of the gut–liver axis associated with MXF–induced liver injury. The regulation of endogenous small molecules and intestinal flora during drug–induced liver injury was first described from the perspective of the gut–liver axis, providing a research basis for the mechanism of clinical drug–induced liver injury.
Collapse
|
47
|
Cao L, Du J, Nie Z, Jia R, Yin G, Xu P, Ding W, Xu G. Alteration of endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and anti-oxidative status in cyclophosphamide-damaged liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109271. [PMID: 35033631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a common immunosuppressant, and it can also results in liver injury in human and animals. In this study, the CTX-induced liver injury mechanism in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated by studying alteration of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), inflammation and anti-oxidative status. Tilapia was intraperitoneally injected CTX at the doses of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg·kg-1, and the blood and liver tissues were collected. The results showed that CTX administration had a significant cytotoxicity on hepatocytes, and increased the liver index. The extensive vacuolar degeneration, unclear cell outline and other histological lesions were also observed. CTX administration markedly decreased the antioxidant ability and enhanced lipid peroxidation in liver. Furthermore, qPCR data showed that CTX administration at 50-100 mg·kg-1 up-regulated gene expressions of cyp1a, cyp2k1 and cyp3a, and inflammatory response-related genes including rel, relb, nfκb1, il-6, il-8, il-10 and tnf-α. CTX significantly promoted the mRNA levels of ERS-related genes (eif2α, crt, parp1, grp78, ire1, xbp1s and chop) in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, CTX injection at 75-100 mg·kg-1 could down-regulate gene expressions of anti-oxidative status including nrf2, ucp2, ho-1, gpx3, gstα and cat. Overall results suggested CTX injection induced liver damage which was related to the cytotoxic effect on hepatocytes, decrease of antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response and ERS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guojun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Weidong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kubota CS, Espenshade PJ. Targeting stearoyl-CoA desaturase in solid tumors. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1682-1688. [PMID: 35294526 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are demarcated from normal cells by distinct biological hallmarks, including the reprogramming of metabolic processes. One of the key players involved in metabolic reprogramming is stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids in an oxygen-dependent reaction that is crucial for maintaining fatty acid homeostasis. As such, SCD has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in numerous types of cancers, and its inhibition suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the evidence implicating SCD in cancer progression and proposes novel therapeutic strategies for targeting SCD in solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casie S Kubota
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Peter J Espenshade
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lipke K, Kubis-Kubiak A, Piwowar A. Molecular Mechanism of Lipotoxicity as an Interesting Aspect in the Development of Pathological States-Current View of Knowledge. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050844. [PMID: 35269467 PMCID: PMC8909283 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) play numerous vital roles in the organism, such as contribution to energy generation and reserve, serving as an essential component of the cell membrane, or as ligands for nuclear receptors. However, the disturbance in fatty acid homeostasis, such as inefficient metabolism or intensified release from the site of storage, may result in increased serum FFA levels and eventually result in ectopic fat deposition, which is unfavorable for the organism. The cells are adjusted for the accumulation of FFA to a limited extent and so prolonged exposure to elevated FFA levels results in deleterious effects referred to as lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity contributes to the development of diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation. The nonobvious organs recognized as the main lipotoxic goal of action are the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and kidneys. However, lipotoxic effects to a significant extent are not organ-specific but affect fundamental cellular processes occurring in most cells. Therefore, the wider perception of cellular lipotoxic mechanisms and their interrelation may be beneficial for a better understanding of various diseases’ pathogenesis and seeking new pharmacological treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sestrin2 protects against cholestatic liver injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:239-251. [PMID: 35260799 PMCID: PMC8980001 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to bile acid in the liver due to impaired bile flow induces cholestatic liver disease, resulting in hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis. Sestrin2, a highly conserved, stress-inducible protein, has been implicated in cellular responses to multiple stress conditions and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. However, its role in cholestatic liver injury is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of hepatic Sestrin2 in cholestatic liver injury and its underlying mechanisms using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Hepatic Sestrin2 expression was upregulated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β) after treatment with bile acids and correlated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. Bile-duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatocellular apoptosis and liver fibrosis were exacerbated in Sestrin2-knockout (Sesn2−/−) mice. Moreover, Sestrin2 deficiency enhanced cholestasis-induced hepatic ER stress, whereas Sestrin2 overexpression ameliorated bile acid-induced ER stress. Notably, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR reversed bile acid-induced ER stress in Sestrin2-deficient cells. Furthermore, Sestrin2 deficiency promoted cholestasis-induced hepatic pyroptosis by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes. Thus, our study provides evidence for the biological significance of Sestrin2 and its relationship with cholestatic liver injury, suggesting the potential role of Sestrin2 in regulating ER stress and inflammasome activation during cholestatic liver injury. A protein that manages the response to cellular stress can help prevent disruptions in bile flow from progressing to liver fibrosis or failure. Disrupted flow leads to the accumulation of bile acids, which triggers a state known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, fueling inflammation and eventual cell death. Researchers led by Hwan-Woo Park and Jongdae Shin at Konyang University, Daejon, South Korea, have demonstrated that the Sestrin2 protein plays a prominent role in managing this ER stress response to cytotoxic bile acids in cultured liver cells. They subsequently used a Sestrin2-deficient mouse model to demonstrate that the absence of this protein contributes to heightened ER stress and greatly increased liver damage following impaired bile flow. These results suggest that Sestrin2 modulators could offer effective treatments for liver disorders associated with bile flow obstruction.
Collapse
|