1
|
Lin S, Xiao Y, Lin J, Yuan Y, Shi H, Hong M, Ding L. Chromium Affects Mitochondrial Function, Leading to Apoptosis and Autophagy in Turtle Primary Hepatocytes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2403. [PMID: 39199937 PMCID: PMC11350686 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a pervasive industrial contaminant, is highly toxic to both humans and animals. However, its effects on turtles are largely unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Cr(VI) on the Reeves' turtles (Mauremys reevesii) primary hepatocytes. We exposed hepatocytes to two concentrations (25 μM and 50 μM) of Cr(VI) for 24 h. The results showed that compared to controls, Cr(VI)-treated cells showed elevated antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Adenosine triphosphatae (ATP) levels decreased, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, we found significant changes in mitochondrial dynamics related genes, with downregulation of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and a decrease in sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and tumor protein 53 (p53) mRNA levels. Annexin V-FITC fluorescence staining-positive cells increased with higher Cr(VI) concentrations, marked by elevated bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase3) mRNA levels and reduced B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) expression. Autophagy-related genes were also affected, with increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II (LC3-II), unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1), and sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1) mRNA levels and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin1 expression. Taken together, Cr(VI) promotes cell apoptosis and autophagy in turtle hepatocytes by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting mitochondrial function. These findings highlight the serious health risks posed by Cr(VI) pollution and emphasize the need for protecting wild turtle populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jing B, Wei M, Chen H, Xie W, An S, Li J, Wang S, Zhou X. Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Mechanism of Ginseng Polysaccharide against Nephrotoxicity Induced by Hexavalent Chromium. Nutrients 2024; 16:1416. [PMID: 38794654 PMCID: PMC11124142 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a common pollutant in the environment. Long-term exposure to hexavalent chromium can cause damage to multiple organs. The kidney is one of the main organs that metabolizes heavy metal toxicity, and the accumulation of Cr (VI) in the body can lead to serious damage to kidney function. Studies have shown that ginseng polysaccharides have the function of preventing cisplatin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in renal cells, but their efficacy and mechanisms against hexavalent chromium-induced nephrotoxicity need to be explored. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and mechanism of ginseng polysaccharide against hexavalent chromium-induced nephrotoxicity. The results of pharmacodynamic experiments showed that ginseng polysaccharide could significantly reduce the kidney index, urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Cre) values of K2Cr2O7-treated mice. The results of mechanistic experiments showed that ginseng polysaccharides could alleviate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and biofilm damage in renal tissues caused by Cr (VI). Lipidomic correlation analysis showed that ginseng polysaccharides could protect the organism by regulating the expression of differential lipids. This study opens new avenues for the development of alternative strategies for the prevention of kidney injury caused by hexavalent chromium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baitong Jing
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (B.J.); (M.W.); (H.C.); (W.X.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Mengyao Wei
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (B.J.); (M.W.); (H.C.); (W.X.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (B.J.); (M.W.); (H.C.); (W.X.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (B.J.); (M.W.); (H.C.); (W.X.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Silan An
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (B.J.); (M.W.); (H.C.); (W.X.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (B.J.); (M.W.); (H.C.); (W.X.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (B.J.); (M.W.); (H.C.); (W.X.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (B.J.); (M.W.); (H.C.); (W.X.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koyama H, Kamogashira T, Yamasoba T. Heavy Metal Exposure: Molecular Pathways, Clinical Implications, and Protective Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38247500 PMCID: PMC10812460 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are often found in soil and can contaminate drinking water, posing a serious threat to human health. Molecular pathways and curation therapies for mitigating heavy metal toxicity have been studied for a long time. Recent studies on oxidative stress and aging have shown that the molecular foundation of cellular damage caused by heavy metals, namely, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial stress, share the same pathways as those involved in cellular senescence and aging. In recent aging studies, many types of heavy metal exposures have been used in both cellular and animal aging models. Chelation therapy is a traditional treatment for heavy metal toxicity. However, recently, various antioxidants have been found to be effective in treating heavy metal-induced damage, shifting the research focus to investigating the interplay between antioxidants and heavy metals. In this review, we introduce the molecular basis of heavy metal-induced cellular damage and its relationship with aging, summarize its clinical implications, and discuss antioxidants and other agents with protective effects against heavy metal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Koyama
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Toyoda JH, Martino J, Speer RM, Meaza I, Lu H, Williams AR, Bolt AM, Kouokam JC, Aboueissa AEM, Wise JP. Hexavalent Chromium Targets Securin to Drive Numerical Chromosome Instability in Human Lung Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:256. [PMID: 38203427 PMCID: PMC10778806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known human lung carcinogen with widespread exposure in environmental and occupational settings. Despite well-known cancer risks, the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood, but a major driver of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis is chromosome instability. Previously, we reported Cr(VI) induced numerical chromosome instability, premature centriole disengagement, centrosome amplification, premature centromere division, and spindle assembly checkpoint bypass. A key regulator of these events is securin, which acts by regulating the cleavage ability of separase. Thus, in this study we investigated securin disruption by Cr(VI) exposure. We exposed human lung cells to a particulate Cr(VI) compound, zinc chromate, for acute (24 h) and prolonged (120 h) time points. We found prolonged Cr(VI) exposure caused marked decrease in securin levels and function. After prolonged exposure at the highest concentration, securin protein levels were decreased to 15.3% of control cells, while securin mRNA quantification was 7.9% relative to control cells. Additionally, loss of securin function led to increased separase activity manifested as enhanced cleavage of separase substrates; separase, kendrin, and SCC1. These data show securin is targeted by prolonged Cr(VI) exposure in human lung cells. Thus, a new mechanistic model for Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis emerges with centrosome and centromere disruption as key components of numerical chromosome instability, a key driver in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Toyoda
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Julieta Martino
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Rachel M. Speer
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Idoia Meaza
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Aggie R. Williams
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Alicia M. Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Joseph Calvin Kouokam
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | | | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Korotkov SM. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Is the General Reason for Apoptosis Induced by Different-Valence Heavy Metals in Cells and Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14459. [PMID: 37833908 PMCID: PMC10572412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the causes and consequences of apoptosis resulting from oxidative stress that occurs in mitochondria and cells exposed to the toxic effects of different-valence heavy metals (Ag+, Tl+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, As3+, Sb3+, Cr6+, and U6+). The problems of the relationship between the integration of these toxic metals into molecular mechanisms with the subsequent development of pathophysiological processes and the appearance of diseases caused by the accumulation of these metals in the body are also addressed in this review. Such apoptosis is characterized by a reduction in cell viability, the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bcl-2), and the activation of protein kinases (ERK, JNK, p53, and p38) by mitogens. Moreover, the oxidative stress manifests as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, mitochondrial swelling, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c release, a decline in the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmito), a decrease in ATP synthesis, and reduced glutathione and oxygen consumption as well as cytoplasm and matrix calcium overload due to Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The apoptosis and respiratory dysfunction induced by these metals are discussed regarding their interaction with cellular and mitochondrial thiol groups and Fe2+ metabolism disturbance. Similarities and differences in the toxic effects of Tl+ from those of other heavy metals under review are discussed. Similarities may be due to the increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration induced by Tl+ and these metals. One difference discussed is the failure to decrease Tl+ toxicity through metallothionein-dependent mechanisms. Another difference could be the decrease in reduced glutathione in the matrix due to the reversible oxidation of Tl+ to Tl3+ near the centers of ROS generation in the respiratory chain. The latter may explain why thallium toxicity to humans turned out to be higher than the toxicity of mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Korotkov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iyer M, Anand U, Thiruvenkataswamy S, Babu HWS, Narayanasamy A, Prajapati VK, Tiwari CK, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bontempi E, Sonne C, Barceló D, Vellingiri B. A review of chromium (Cr) epigenetic toxicity and health hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163483. [PMID: 37075992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic metals affect a variety of cellular processes, causing oxidative stress and cancer. The widespread distribution of these metals caused by industrial, residential, agricultural, medical, and technical activities raises concern for adverse environmental and human health effects. Of these metals, chromium (Cr) and its derivatives, including Cr(VI)-induced, are of a public health concern as they cause DNA epigenetic alterations resulting in heritable changes in gene expression. Here, we review and discuss the role of Cr(VI) in epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro-RNA changes, biomarkers of exposure and toxicity, and highlight prevention and intervention strategies to protect susceptible populations from exposure and adverse occupational health effects. Cr(VI) is a ubiquitous toxin linked to cardiovascular, developmental, neurological, and endocrine diseases as well as immunologic disorders and a high number of cancer types in humans following inhalation and skin contact. Cr alters DNA methylation levels as well as global and gene-specific histone posttranslational modifications, emphasizing the importance of considering epigenetics as a possible mechanism underlying Cr(VI) toxicity and cell-transforming ability. Our review shows that determining the levels of Cr(VI) in occupational workers is a crucial first step in shielding health problems, including cancer and other disorders. More clinical and preventative measures are therefore needed to better understand the toxicity and safeguard employees against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Saranya Thiruvenkataswamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology (PG-SF), PSG college of arts and science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Tiwari
- Research and Development section, Carestream Health Inc., Oakdale, MN 55128, United States of America
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, North block, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu H, Shi L, Feng L, Wu F, Chen J, Qin Y, Dong X, Jiang Z, Li Y, Xia H, Lou J. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced ribosomal DNA copy number variation and DNA damage responses and their associations with nucleolar protein HRAS in humans and cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121816. [PMID: 37182578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and its compounds has been widely recognized, yet the mechanism of genetic damage is still not fully understood. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number is recently considered a potential marker of cancer-associated stress. To investigate the roles of rDNA copy number variation (CNV) in DNA damage responses (DDRs) induced by Cr(VI) and the potential mechanism from nucleolar protein HRAS, a cross-sectional study in Cr(Ⅵ)-exposed workers and an in vitro experiment using HeLa cells were conducted. Our results showed increased levels of rDNA CNV, DDRs, and HRAS expression in Cr(VI)-exposed workers. Generalized linear regression analyses showed that Cr(VI) exposure was significantly positively associated with increased levels of rDNA CNV, DDRs, and HRAS expression in Cr(VI)-exposed workers. Moreover, there were pairwise associations between rDNA CNV, DDRs, and HRAS levels. Mediation analyses found that rDNA CNV significantly mediated the association between Cr(VI) exposure and DDRs. The in vitro experiments further confirmed that Cr(VI) treatment induced increased levels of rDNA CNV, DDRs, and HRAS expression in HeLa cells. Cr(VI)-induced rDNA CNV, ATM activation, and apoptosis damage were then strongly enhanced by HRAS depletion with siRNA in vitro, suggesting the important role of HRAS in CNV and DDRs caused by Cr(VI). The combined results of the human and cell line studies indicated that Cr(VI) exposure might enhance rDNA CNV by regulation of HRAS expression, which leads to Cr(VI)-induced genetic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Li Shi
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Junfei Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Yao Qin
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Xiaowen Dong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Hailing Xia
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China; School of Medicine, and the First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vielee ST, Wise JP. Among Gerontogens, Heavy Metals Are a Class of Their Own: A Review of the Evidence for Cellular Senescence. Brain Sci 2023; 13:500. [PMID: 36979310 PMCID: PMC10046019 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in modern medicine have improved the quality of life across the globe and increased the average lifespan of our population by multiple decades. Current estimates predict by 2030, 12% of the global population will reach a geriatric age and live another 3-4 decades. This swelling geriatric population will place critical stress on healthcare infrastructures due to accompanying increases in age-related diseases and comorbidities. While much research focused on long-lived individuals seeks to answer questions regarding how to age healthier, there is a deficit in research investigating what aspects of our lives accelerate or exacerbate aging. In particular, heavy metals are recognized as a significant threat to human health with links to a plethora of age-related diseases, and have widespread human exposures from occupational, medical, or environmental settings. We believe heavy metals ought to be classified as a class of gerontogens (i.e., chemicals that accelerate biological aging in cells and tissues). Gerontogens may be best studied through their effects on the "Hallmarks of Aging", nine physiological hallmarks demonstrated to occur in aged cells, tissues, and bodies. Evidence suggests that cellular senescence-a permanent growth arrest in cells-is one of the most pertinent hallmarks of aging and is a useful indicator of aging in tissues. Here, we discuss the roles of heavy metals in brain aging. We briefly discuss brain aging in general, then expand upon observations for heavy metals contributing to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. We particularly emphasize the roles and observations of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the observations for heavy metals inducing cellular senescence. The glaring lack of knowledge about gerontogens and gerontogenic mechanisms necessitates greater research in the field, especially in the context of the global aging crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Vielee
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John P. Wise
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hossini H, Shafie B, Niri AD, Nazari M, Esfahlan AJ, Ahmadpour M, Nazmara Z, Ahmadimanesh M, Makhdoumi P, Mirzaei N, Hoseinzadeh E. A comprehensive review on human health effects of chromium: insights on induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70686-70705. [PMID: 36042133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of heavy metals in most industrial activities has led to it being considered as the most important environmental pollutant that may cause harm and toxicity to animals and humans. Chromium has been found in the environment in different oxidation states such as Cr0, Cr(III), and Cr(VI) and is released from a variety of anthropogenic and natural activities. At among, trivalent and hexavalent chromium are the most stable forms. Considerably, Cr(VI) is frequently more toxic than Cr(III) because of its particular solubility and high mobility. Chronic exposure and bioaccumulation of chromium, as a heavy metal, can cause toxicity and numerous pathophysiological defects, including allergic reactions, anemia, burns, and sores especially in the stomach and small intestine, damage to sperm along with the male reproductive system, and affect various biological systems. Chromium pollution can have severe consequences for water and the soil environment. This article reviews the toxicological effects of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) and their mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shafie
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghan Niri
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Nazari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aylin Jahanban Esfahlan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpour
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zohreh Nazmara
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ahmadimanesh
- Food and Drug Vice Presidency, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouran Makhdoumi
- Student research committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nezam Mirzaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Edris Hoseinzadeh
- Incubation and Innovation center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li T, Zheng Y, Li T, Guo M, Wu X, Liu R, Liu Q, You X, Zeng W, Lv Y. Potential dual protective effects of melatonin on spermatogonia against hexavalent chromium. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:92-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
11
|
Protective effect and mechanism of SeMet-Pro-Ser on K2Cr2O7-induced toxicity in L-02 hepatocytes. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
12
|
Shi L, Feng L, Tong Y, Jia J, Li T, Wang J, Jiang Z, Yu M, Xia H, Jin Q, Jiang X, Cheng Y, Ju L, Liu J, Zhang Q, Lou J. Genome wide profiling of miRNAs relevant to the DNA damage response induced by hexavalent chromium exposure (DDR-related miRNAs in response to Cr (VI) exposure). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106782. [PMID: 34329887 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to explore the expression of miRNAs and their potential roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) induced by Cr (VI) exposure in human B lymphoblast cells (HMy2.CIR cells) and in a population of Cr (VI)-exposed humans. METHODS Differentially expressed miRNAs were found by a combination of miRNA sequencing and RT-qPCR validation in HMy2.CIR cells treated with K2Cr2O7. Differentially expressed miRNAs related to DDR were selected for functional study. The expression levels of differential miRNAs were also investigated in chromate workers. RESULTS A total of 214 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by sequencing, and the expression of 5 miRNAs among 25 associated with DDR was found to be consistent between sequencing and validation studies.Functional studies showed that miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-424-3p might be related to Cr (VI)-induced cell apoptosis, and miR-221-3p might participate in Cr (VI)-induced DDR. We also found that the expression of miR-21-5p and miR-424-3p was upregulated in chromate workers. CONCLUSIONS Cr (VI) exposure could significantly impact miRNAs expression in vitro and in chromate workers. Functional studies showed that miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p and miR-221-3p might take a crucial role in the cellular DDR induced by Cr (VI) exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlin Jia
- Center for Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Big Data, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Jiang
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yu
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailing Xia
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Jin
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongran Cheng
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Ju
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- School of Public Health (Institute of Occupational Diseases), Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang Y, Liang N, Ma Y, Tang S, Ye S, Xiao F. Role of Clusterin/NF-κB in the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype in Cr(VI)-induced premature senescent L-02 hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112343. [PMID: 34020271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and its compounds have caused serious environmental pollution and health damage. Senescent cells can actively change the surrounding environment by secreting some factors, which are called senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Our previous work has confirmed that premature senescent hepatocytes induced by Cr(VI) expressed high level of Clusterin (CLU) and secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8. CLU is involved in the regulation of tumor development and drug resistance, but whether CLU regulates SASP components and participates in Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation is unclear. In this study we demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced the secretion of tumor promoting components of SASP such as IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in senescent L-02 hepatocytes, while the levels of the anti-tumor components of SASP such as chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand-1 (CXCL-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were not altered. CLU shRNA interference significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in the culture medium of senescent cells, suggesting CLU may regulate SASP. The NF-κB inhibitor PDTC significantly alleviated Cr(VI)-induced increase of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF, confirming that NF-κB can regulate the tumor promoting components of SASP. CLU shRNA interference aggravated the inhibitory effect of PDTC on SASP secretion, indicating that CLU regulated the secretion of SASP in Cr(VI)-induced senescent hepatocytes through the NF-κB signaling. We speculated that SASP secreted by Cr(VI)-induced premature senescent hepatocytes was tightly related to the carcinogenic effect of Cr(VI). Therefore, elucidation of upstream regulatory mechanism of SASP is of great significance. In addition to further clarifying the carcinogenic mechanisms associated with Cr(VI), we could also seek out new targets for treatment of Cr(VI)-related cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Sixuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Renu K, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, Koti R, Famurewa AC, Madhyastha H, Vellingiri B, George A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Molecular mechanism of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium) - induced hepatotoxicity - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129735. [PMID: 33736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a serious threat if they go beyond permissible limits in our bodies. Much heavy metal's viz. Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel, and Cadmium pose a serious threat when they go beyond permissible limits and cause hepatotoxicity. They cause the generation of ROS which in turn causes numerous injuries and undesirable changes in the liver. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase in the levels of such heavy metals in the environment posing a serious threat to human health. Epigenetic alterations have been seen in the event of exposure to such heavy metals. Apoptosis, caspase activation as well as ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes have also been seen due to heavy metals. Inflammation involving TNF-alpha, pro-inflammatory cytokines, MAPK, ERK pathways have been seen in the event of heavy metal hepatotoxicity. All these have shown that these heavy metals pose a serious threat to human health in particular and the environment as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Haritha Myakala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rajeshwari Koti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike lkwo, Nigeria
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma Y, Liang Y, Liang N, Zhang Y, Xiao F. Identification and functional analysis of senescence-associated secretory phenotype of premature senescent hepatocytes induced by hexavalent chromium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111908. [PMID: 33440265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a common heavy metal pollutant that can cause a number of human disease, including inflammation and cancer. Senescent cells can secrete a variety of molecules known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Our previous studies have confirmed that Cr(VI) can induce premature senescence in L02 hepatocytes, but the composition and the function of the related SASP are still unknown. In order to understand the components of SASP secreted by senescent L02 hepatocytes under the action of Cr(VI), we applied LC-MS/MS-based label-free protein quantification. We found that three SASP components including Coactosin-like protein 1 (COTL1), Alpha-enolase (ENO1), and Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) were up-regulated, which were confirmed by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Evidence suggested that SASP may promote the development of tumor through chronic inflammatory response, therefore we identified and analyzed the potential biological functions and signaling pathways of these three SASP components using GO and KEGG methods. The interaction between SASP components was analyzed by STRING, and verified by Co-IP. We also found that ENO1 and PRDX2, which have direct interaction, can inhibit the growth and proliferation of wildtype hepatocytes and premature senescent hepatocytes, but can promote the proliferation and behavioral changes of liver tumor cells. The present study provides valuable clues for elucidation of the carcinogenic mechanism of Cr(VI), especially for further prevention and targeted treatment of Cr(VI)-related cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
An overview on the potential mechanisms of action of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in hexavalent chromium-induced toxicity. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Dong Z, Gao M, Li C, Xu M, Liu S. LncRNA UCA1 Antagonizes Arsenic-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest through Destabilizing EZH2 and Facilitating NFATc2 Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903630. [PMID: 32537408 PMCID: PMC7284218 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a widespread metalloid contaminant, and its internal exposure is demonstrated to cause serious detrimental health problems. Albeit considerable studies are performed to interrogate the molecular mechanisms responsible for As-induced toxicities, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood yet, especially at the epigenetic regulation level. In the present study, it is identified that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) alleviates As-induced G2/M phase arrest in human liver cells. Intensive mechanistic investigations illustrate that UCA1 interacts with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and accelerates the latter's protein turnover rate under normal and As-exposure conditions. The phosphorylation of EZH2 at the Thr-487 site by cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is responsible for As-induced EZH2 protein degradation, and UCA1 enhances this process through increasing the interaction between CDK1 and EZH2. As a consequence, the cell cycle regulator nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), a downstream target of EZH2, is upregulated to resist As-blocked cell cycle progress and cytotoxicity. In conclusion, the findings decipher a novel prosurvival signaling pathway underlying As toxicity from the perspective of epigenetic regulation: UCA1 facilitates the ubiquitination of EZH2 to upregulate NFATc2 and further antagonizes As-induced cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Changying Li
- Liver Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahalakshmi R, Priyanga J, Vedha Hari BN, Bhakta-Guha D, Guha G. Hexavalent chromium-induced autophagic death of WRL-68 cells is mitigated by aqueous extract of Cuminum cyminum L. seeds. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:191. [PMID: 32269896 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the potential of aqueous extract (CSEaq) of Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin) seeds in protecting WRL-68 cells from hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced oxidative injury. Cells exposed to Cr(VI) (10 μM CrO3) for 24 h demonstrated a twofold increase in ROS, which, in turn, led to extensive oxidative stress, consequently causing colossal decline in cell viability (by 58.82 ± 9.79%) and proliferation (as was evident from a reduced expression of Ki-67, a proliferation marker). Immunofluorescence studies showed that Cr(VI) diminished the expressions of mTOR and survivin in WRL-68 cells. It also led to a substantial elevation of BECN1 expression, which suggested autophagy. Overall, our results indicated that 24 h exposure of WRL-68 cells to Cr(VI) caused oxidative stress-induced autophagic cell death. CSEaq was found to protect WRL-68 cells from the same fate by refurbishing their viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The extract reduced ROS in these cells, which consequently decreased the degree of autophagic cell death by restoring expressions of mTOR, survivin and BECN1 to their respective normal levels. Biochemical assays revealed that CSEaq is rich in phenolic constituents. Total phenolic content of CSEaq demonstrated positive correlations with (i) its antioxidant potential, (ii) its alleviation of cellular oxidative stress and (iii) its cytoprotective efficacy in Cr(VI)-treated WRL-68 cells. We also identified the major phenolic constituents of CSEaq. Our study suggested that polyphenols in CSEaq might be responsible for protecting WRL-68 cells from Cr(VI)-governed oxidative assault that would have otherwise led to survivin/mTOR-mediated autophagic death.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shil K, Pal S. Metabolic and morphological disorientations in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice exposed to hexavalent chromium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
20
|
Guo X, Feng L, Lemos B, Lou J. DNA methylation modifications induced by hexavalent chromium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 37:133-145. [PMID: 31084241 PMCID: PMC8479272 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1592640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] contributes a significant health risk and causes a number of chronic diseases and cancers. While the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium exposure are explicit and better-characterized, the exact mechanism underlying the carcinogenic process of Cr (VI) is still a matter of debate. In recent years, studies have shown that epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, may play a significant role in Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize our understanding regarding the effects of Cr (VI) on global and gene-specific DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Guo
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013, P.R.C. Telephone: +86-571-88215566. Fax: +86-571-88215576.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu X, Yu RQ, Gui D, Zhang X, Zhan F, Sun X, Wu Y. Hexavalent chromium induces oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in isolated skin fibroblasts of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 203:179-186. [PMID: 30153559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing gas emissions and industrial wastewater discharge of anthropogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) have been growing health concerns to the high trophic level marine mammals. Our previous studies showed that Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), stranded on the Pearl River Estuary region, contained exceedingly high levels of Cr in their skin-tissues. Unfortunately, the molecular toxic mechanisms on this mammal are absent, limiting our understanding of the eco-physiological impacts of Cr(VI) on dolphins. Thus, the cytotoxicity effects of Cr(VI) were analyzed on fibroblasts we isolated from the skin of S. chinensis (ScSF). This study showed that Cr(VI) markedly inhibited the viability of ScSF cells via induction of apoptosis accompanied by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and the population of G2/M arrest or apoptotic sub-G1 phase cells, up-regulation of p53, and activation of caspase-3. Further investigation on intracellular mechanisms indicated that Cr(VI) induced depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in cells through regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) proteins, resulting in decrease of the ATP level, cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol, and the activation of caspase-9. Furthermore, antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and vitamin C displayed chemoprotective activity against Cr(VI) via suppression of p53 expression, indicating that the Cr(VI)-induced cell death may be mediated by oxidative stress. Overall, these results provide insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of Cr(VI) in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin skin cells, offer experimental support for the proposed protective role of antioxidants in Cr(VI)-induced toxicity, and suggest that Cr(VI) contamination is one of key health concern issues for the protection of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Yu
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ri-Qing Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Duan Gui
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fenping Zhan
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yuping Wu
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Monteiro C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Pinho F, Bastos V, Oliveira H, Peixoto F, Santos C. Biochemical and transcriptional analyses of cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in human osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:705-717. [PMID: 29913117 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1485122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation is known to occur predominantly in kidney and liver; however, low-level long-term exposure to Cd may also result in bone damage. Few studies have addressed Cd-induced toxicity in osteoblasts, particularly upon cell mitochondrial energy processing and putative associations with oxidative stress in bone. To assess the influence of Cd treatment on mitochondrial function and oxidative status in osteoblast cells, human MG-63 cells were treated with Cd (up to 65 μM) for 24 or 48 h. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms such as total antioxidant activity (TAA) and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. In addition, Cd-induced effects on mitochondrial function were assessed by analyzing the activity of enzymes involved in mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial morphology and adenylate energy charge. Treatment with Cd increased oxidative stress, concomitantly with lipid and protein oxidation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses of antioxidant genes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione S-reductase (GSR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) exhibited a trend toward decrease in transcripts in Cd-stressed cells, particularly a downregulation of GSR. Longer treatment with Cd (48 h) resulted in energy charge states significantly below those commonly observed in living cells. Mitochondrial function was affected by ΔΨm reduction. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and citrate synthase also occurred following Cd treatment. In conclusion, Cd induced mitochondrial dysfunction which appeared to be associated with oxidative stress in human osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Monteiro
- a Department of Biology & CESAM , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- b LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Francisco Pinho
- a Department of Biology & CESAM , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Verónica Bastos
- c Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE , Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- a Department of Biology & CESAM , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- d Biology and Environment Department , Chemistry Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro , Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- c Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE , Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abreu PL, Cunha-Oliveira T, Ferreira LMR, Urbano AM. Hexavalent chromium, a lung carcinogen, confers resistance to thermal stress and interferes with heat shock protein expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biometals 2018; 31:477-487. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
24
|
Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh H. Antidotal or protective effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and its active ingredient, curcumin, against natural and chemical toxicities: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:411-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
25
|
Shobana N, Aruldhas MM, Tochhawng L, Loganathan A, Balaji S, Kumar MK, Banu LAS, Navin AK, Mayilvanan C, Ilangovan R, Balasubramanian K. Transient gestational exposure to drinking water containing excess hexavalent chromium modifies insulin signaling in liver and skeletal muscle of rat progeny. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
26
|
Zhong X, Zeng M, Bian H, Zhong C, Xiao F. An evaluation of the protective role of vitamin C in reactive oxygen species-induced hepatotoxicity due to hexavalent chromium in vitro and in vivo. J Occup Med Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28638434 PMCID: PMC5472873 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-017-0161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Drinking water contamination with hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] has become one of the most serious public health problems, thus the investigation of Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity has attracted much attention in recent years. Methods In the present study, by determining the indices of hepatotoxicity induced by Cr (VI), the source of accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the protective effect of the antioxidant Vitamin C (Vit C), we explored the mechanisms involved in Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Results We found Cr (VI) caused hepatotoxicity characterized by the alterations of several enzymatic and cytokine markers including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukine-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), etc. ROS production after Cr (VI) exposure was origins from the inhibition of electron transfer chain (ETC) and antioxidant system. Vit C inhibited ROS accumulation thus protected against Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity in L-02 hepatocytes and in the rat model. Conclusions We concluded that ROS played a role in Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity and Vit C exhibited protective effect. Our current data provides important clues for studying the mechanisms involved in Cr (VI)-induced liver injury, and may be of great help to develop therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of liver diseases involving ROS accumulation for occupational exposure population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, NO. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, NO. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfeng Bian
- Shajing Institution of Health Supervision of Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518104 People's Republic of China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, NO. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, NO. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
CoQ10 Deficiency May Indicate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cr(VI) Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040816. [PMID: 28441753 PMCID: PMC5412400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the toxic mechanism of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and search for an antidote for Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity, a study of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Cr(VI) and cell survival by recovering mitochondrial function was performed. In the present study, we found that the gene expression of electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) was strongly downregulated by Cr(VI) exposure. The levels of coenzyme 10 (CoQ10) and mitochondrial biogenesis presented by mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA copy number were also significantly reduced after Cr(VI) exposure. The subsequent, Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis were characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ATP production, increased methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, increased Ca2+ levels, Cyt c release, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and significantly elevated Bax expression. The Cr(VI)-induced deleterious changes were attenuated by pretreatment with CoQ10 in L-02 hepatocytes. These data suggest that Cr(VI) induces CoQ10 deficiency in L-02 hepatocytes, indicating that this deficiency may be a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction in Cr(VI) poisoning and that exogenous administration of CoQ10 may restore mitochondrial function and protect the liver from Cr(VI) exposure.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang Y, Xiao F, Liu X, Liu K, Zhou X, Zhong C. Cr(VI) induces cytotoxicity in vitro through activation of ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 41:232-244. [PMID: 28323103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The occupational and environmental toxicant hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] can cause severe damage to the liver; however, the exact mechanisms associated with its toxicity have not been thoroughly demonstrated. In the present study, the underlying mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. Our results showed that Cr(VI) inhibited the growth and proliferation of L-02 hepatocytes. Further study revealed that Cr(VI) significantly induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis accompanying with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis could be prevented by inhibiting ROS with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Additionally, our data showed that Cr(VI)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were concentration- and time-dependent. Moreover, inhibition of C/EBA homologous protein (CHOP) expression by siRNA partially prevented Cr(VI)-induced cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation. We also found that Cr(VI) treatment inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. After using IGF-1 (50ng/mL), the specific agonist of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, the facilitating effects of Cr(VI) were depressed. This finding demonstrated the relationship between the PI3K/Akt pathway, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these findings indicated that Cr(VI) increased ROS production. Increased ROS production may account for inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and lead to ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which consequently induces apoptosis in L-02 hepatocytes. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yi X, Xiao F, Zhong X, Duan Y, Liu K, Zhong C. A Ca 2+ chelator ameliorates chromium (VI)-induced hepatocyte L-02 injury via down-regulation of voltage-Dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:27-33. [PMID: 27898307 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium could result in cell malfunctions. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) content and VDAC1 expression are both important features related to cell survial. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of cell injury induced by Cr(VI) and tentatively offer clues to repairing this cell damage using [Ca2+]i and VDAC1. L-02 hepatocytes were treated with Cr(VI)/BAPTA, and the levels of [Ca2+]i and cell injury associated with Cr(VI) were determined in addition to the effect of BAPTA. The expression of VDAC1 in Cr(VI)-induced cells was evaluated. The results showed a dose-dependent elevation of the level of VDAC1 and the mRNA level of the VDAC1 biogenesis-related gene Sam50. BAPTA could ameliorate less severe damage induced by 4μM Cr(VI) via reducing VDAC1 and Sam50. Additionally, cell injury caused by less than 4μM Cr(VI) could be ameliorated by VDAC1 knockdown. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that inhibition of intracellular Ca2± overload could protect cells from damage and that VDAC1 plays a considerable role in Cr(VI)-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yi
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Xiali Zhong
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yujie Duan
- Hunan Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, PR China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cr(VI) induces premature senescence through ROS-mediated p53 pathway in L-02 hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34578. [PMID: 27698449 PMCID: PMC5048307 DOI: 10.1038/srep34578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)], which can be found of various uses in industries such as metallurgy and textile dying, can cause a number of human disease including inflammation and cancer. Unlike previous research that focused on Cr(VI)-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis, this study placed emphasis on premature senescence that can be induced by low-dose and long-term Cr(VI) exposure. We found Cr(VI) induced premature senescence in L-02 hepatocytes, as confirmed by increase in senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity. Cr(VI) stabilized p53 through phosphorylation at Ser15 and increased expression of p53-transcriptional target p21. Mechanism study revealed Cr(VI) targeted and inhibited mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC) I and II to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By applying antioxidant Trolox, we also confirmed that ROS mediated p53 activation. A tetracycline-inducible lentiviral expression system containing shRNA to p53 was used to knockout p53. We found p53 could inhibit pro-survival genes B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), myeloid leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and S phase related cell cycle proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Cyclin E to induce premature senescence, and the functional role of ROS in Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence is depend on p53. The results suggest that Cr(VI) has a role in premature senescence by promoting ROS-dependent p53 activation in L-02 hepatocytes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yi X, Zhang Y, Zhong C, Zhong X, Xiao F. The role of STIM1 in the Cr(vi)-induced [Ca2+]iincrease and cell injury in L-02 hepatocytes. Metallomics 2016; 8:1273-1282. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00204h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
32
|
Phatak VM, Muller PAJ. Metal toxicity and the p53 protein: an intimate relationship. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between p53, ROS and transition metals.
Collapse
|
33
|
Fang C, Zhang J, Qi D, Fan X, Luo J, Liu L, Tan Q. Evodiamine induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis via mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathways in H446 and H1688 human small-cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115204. [PMID: 25506932 PMCID: PMC4266682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of EVO to decrease cell viability and promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates among all cancers. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for SCLC; however, the drugs that are currently used for SCLC are less effective than those used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs to treat SCLC. In this study, the effects of evodiamine (EVO) on cell growth, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were investigated in the human SCLC cell lines NCI-H446 and NCI-H1688. The results represent the first report that EVO can significantly inhibit the viability of both H446 and H1688 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. EVO induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, induced apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of caspase-12 and cytochrome C protein, and induced the expression of Bax mRNA and by down-regulating of the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in both H446 and H1688 cells. However, there was no effect on the protein expression of caspase-8. Taken together, the inhibitory effects of EVO on the growth of H446 and H1688 cells might be attributable to G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptosis, through mitochondria-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pathways (intrinsic caspase-dependent pathways) but not through the death receptor-induced pathway (extrinsic caspase-dependent pathway). Our findings suggest that EVO is a promising novel and potent antitumor drug candidate for SCLC. Furthermore, the cell cycle, the mitochondria and the ER stress pathways are rational targets for the future development of an EVO delivery system to treat SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunshu Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Medicine Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Luo
- Medicine Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Effect of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) metal ions on human adipose derived stem cells. Biometals 2014; 28:21-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
35
|
García-Niño WR, Zazueta C, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Curcumin attenuates Cr(VI)-induced ascites and changes in the activity of aconitase and F(1)F(0) ATPase and the ATP content in rat liver mitochondria. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:522-7. [PMID: 25130536 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure to potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a hexavalent chromium compound, can result in liver damage associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the antioxidant curcumin (400 mg/kg b.w.) on the K2Cr2O7-induced injury, with special emphasis on ascitic fluid accumulation and oxidative phosphorylation mitochondrial enzymes and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in isolated mitochondria from livers of rats treated with K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.). Thus, curcumin attenuated the ascites generation, prevented the decrease in the activities of aconitase and F1F0 ATPase, and maintained the ATP levels. The activity of complex II was not completely reestablished by curcumin, whereas complexes III and IV activities were unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510, DF, Mexico.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Short-term exposure of nontumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells to carcinogenic chromium(VI) compromises their respiratory capacity and alters their bioenergetic signature. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:594-601. [PMID: 25161867 PMCID: PMC4141194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium(VI) impaired respiration and increased glycolytic flux in BEAS-2B cells. Cr(VI)-exposed cells shifted to a more fermentative metabolism. This metabolic shift was in line with a decreased β-F1-ATPase/GAPDH protein ratio. Increased oxidative stress levels suggest impairment of antioxidant defenses.
Previous studies on the impact of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] on mammalian cell energetics revealed alterations suggestive of a shift to a more fermentative metabolism. Aiming at a more defined understanding of the metabolic effects of Cr(VI) and of their molecular basis, we assessed the impact of a mild Cr(VI) exposure on critical bioenergetic parameters (lactate production, oxygen consumption and intracellular ATP levels). Cells derived from normal human bronchial epithelium (BEAS-2B cell line), the main in vivo target of Cr(VI) carcinogenicity, were subjected for 48 h to 1 μM Cr(VI). We could confirm a shift to a more fermentative metabolism, resulting from the simultaneous inhibition of respiration and stimulation of glycolysis. This shift was accompanied by a decrease in the protein levels of the catalytic subunit (subunit β) of the mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) and a concomitant marked increase in those of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The corresponding alteration in the β-F1-ATPase/GAPDH protein ratio (viewed as a bioenergetic signature) upon Cr(VI) exposure was in agreement with the observed attenuation of cellular respiration and enhancement of glycolytic flux. Altogether, these results constitute a novel finding in terms of the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI) effects.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2,4-DNP, 2,4-dinitrophenol
- 2-DG, 2-deoxyglucose
- Aerobic glycolysis
- Cellular bioenergetic index
- Cellular energy status
- Cellular respiration
- Chromate lung cancer
- Cr(III), trivalent chromium
- Cr(IV), tetravalent chromium
- Cr(V), pentavalent chromium
- Cr(VI), hexavalent chromium
- DCF, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetracetic acid
- ETC, mitochondrial electron transport chain
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI, propidium iodide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- Warburg effect
- β-F1-ATPase, catalytic subunit (subunit β) of the mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase
Collapse
|
37
|
García-Niño WR, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:182-201. [PMID: 24751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposures to heavy metals produce several adverse health effects. The common mechanism determining their toxicity and carcinogenicity is the generation of oxidative stress that leads to hepatic damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by metal exposure leads to the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response elements (Nrf2/Keap1/ARE) pathway. Since antioxidant and chelating agents are generally used for the treatment of heavy metals poisoning, this review is focused on the protective role of curcumin against liver injury induced by heavy metals. Curcumin has shown, in clinical and preclinical studies, numerous biological activities including therapeutic efficacy against various human diseases and anti-hepatotoxic effects against environmental or occupational toxins. Curcumin reduces the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and mercury, prevents histological injury, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, maintains the liver antioxidant enzyme status and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. The preventive effect of curcumin on the noxious effects induced by heavy metals has been attributed to its scavenging and chelating properties, and/or to the ability to induce the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. However, additional research is needed in order to propose curcumin as a potential protective agent against liver damage induced by heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Luczak MW, Zhitkovich A. Role of direct reactivity with metals in chemoprotection by N-acetylcysteine against chromium(VI), cadmium(II), and cobalt(II). Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:262-269. [PMID: 23792775 PMCID: PMC3823631 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely used for the assessment of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various biological processes and adverse drug reactions. NAC has been found to effectively inhibit the toxicity of carcinogenic metals, which was attributed to its potent ROS-suppressive properties. However, the absence of redox activity among some metals and findings from genetic models suggested a more diverse, smaller role of oxidative stress in metal toxicity. Here, we examined mechanisms of chemoprotection by NAC against Cd(II), Co(II), and Cr(VI) in human cells. We found that NAC displayed a broad-spectrum chemoprotective activity against all three metals, including suppression of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, p53 activation, and HSP72 and HIF-1α upregulation. Cytoprotection by NAC was independent of cellular glutathione. NAC strongly inhibited the uptake of all three metals in histologically different types of human cells, explaining its high chemoprotective potential. A loss of Cr(VI) accumulation by cells was caused by NAC-mediated extracellular reduction of chromate to membrane-impermeative Cr(III). Suppression of Co(II) uptake resulted from a rapid formation of Co(II)-NAC conjugates that were unable to enter cells. Our results demonstrate that NAC acts through more than one mechanism in preventing metal toxicity and its chemoprotective activity can be completely ROS-independent. Good clinical safety and effectiveness in Co(II) sequestration suggest that NAC could be useful in the prevention of tissue accumulation and toxic effects of Co ions released by cobalt-chromium hip prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal W Luczak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xiao F, Chen D, Luo L, Zhong X, Xie Y, Zou L, Zeng M, Guan L, Zhong C. Time‑order effects of vitamin C on hexavalent chromium‑induced mitochondrial damage and DNA‑protein crosslinks in cultured rat peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:53-60. [PMID: 23657841 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and its compounds have extensive applications in many industries and are widely known to cause occupational diseases as well as carcinogenic effects in humans. Mitochondrial damage, which is important in Cr(VI)‑induced cytotoxicity, may be characterized by the opening status of the permeability transition pore, the maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the level of malondialdehyde. The formation of DNA‑protein crosslinks (DPCs) in target tissues appears to be the direct and primary genotoxic effect of Cr(VI) exposure, and the lymphocytic DPCs may be viewed as a biomarker of internal Cr(VI) accumulation. It is well known that vitamin C (vit C) is an important biological reducing agent in humans and animals, which is capable of reducing Cr(VI). Regardless of the evidence from cell culture and in vivo experiments of the protective effect of the antioxidant, vit C, following exposure to Cr(VI), no studies have been conducted to date to demonstrate the time‑order effects of vit C on Cr(VI)‑induced mitochondrial damage and DPC formation. In the present study, by using peripheral blood lymphocytes from Sprague‑Dawley rats, we demonstrated that vit C pre‑ and co‑treatment have a protective effect against Cr(VI)‑induced loss of cell viability and mitochondrial damage, while only vit C co‑treatment has a protective effect against the Cr(VI)‑induced increase in DPCs. The mechanistic investigation revealed that cellular reactive oxygen species levels are correlated with Cr(VI)‑induced mitochondrial damage, and that p53 expression is correlated with the Cr(VI)‑induced increase in DPCs. We concluded that vit C exerts different time‑order effects on Cr(VI)‑induced mitochondrial damage and DPC formation, and that biomarkers, including DPC and p53, may be used in the assessment of the development of Cr(VI)‑induced cancer. These findings facilitate more detailed follow‑up of the Cr(VI)‑exposure populations for secondary prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|