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Aburel OM, Brăescu L, Buriman DG, Merce AP, Bînă AM, Borza C, Mornoș C, Sturza A, Muntean DM. Methylene blue reduces monoamine oxidase expression and oxidative stress in human cardiovascular adipose tissue. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05092-z. [PMID: 39167271 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of morbidity mainly due to chronic heart failure. Epicardial (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissues (PVAT) are considered major contributors to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic pathologies. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are mitochondrial enzymes recognized as sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiometabolic pathologies. Methylene blue (MB) is one of the oldest protective agents, yet no data are available about its effects on adipose tissue. The present pilot study was aimed at assessing the effects of MB: (i) on MAO expression and (ii) oxidative stress in EAT and PVAT harvested from patients with heart failure subjected to cardiac surgery (n = 25). Adipose tissue samples were incubated with MB (0.1 µM/24 h) and used for the assessment of MAO gene and protein expression (qPCS and immune fluorescence) and ROS production (confocal microscopy and spectrophotometry). The human cardiovascular adipose tissues contain both MAO isoforms, predominantly MAO-A. Incubation with MB reduced MAOs expression and oxidative stress; co-incubation with serotonin, the MAO-A substrate, further augmented ROS generation, an effect partially reversed by MB. In conclusion, MAO-A is the major isoform expressed in EAT and PVAT and contribute to local oxidative stress; both effects can be mitigated by methylene blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Maria Aburel
- Chair of Pathophysiology, Department III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Laurențiu Brăescu
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
- Department VI, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, G. Adam Str. No.13A, 300310, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Darius G Buriman
- Chair of Pathophysiology, Department III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian P Merce
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, G. Adam Str. No.13A, 300310, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Anca M Bînă
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Borza
- Chair of Pathophysiology, Department III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Mornoș
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, G. Adam Str. No.13A, 300310, Timișoara, Romania
- Department VI, 2nd Clinic of Cardiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Chair of Pathophysiology, Department III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.
- Timișoara County Hospital, 156 L. Rebreanu Str, 300723, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Chair of Pathophysiology, Department III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
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Karpov OA, Stotland A, Raedschelders K, Chazarin B, Ai L, Murray CI, Van Eyk JE. Proteomics of the heart. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:931-982. [PMID: 38300522 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a sophisticated identification tool specializing in portraying protein dynamics at a molecular level. Proteomics provides biologists with a snapshot of context-dependent protein and proteoform expression, structural conformations, dynamic turnover, and protein-protein interactions. Cardiac proteomics can offer a broader and deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underscore cardiovascular disease, and it is foundational to the development of future therapeutic interventions. This review encapsulates the evolution, current technologies, and future perspectives of proteomic-based mass spectrometry as it applies to the study of the heart. Key technological advancements have allowed researchers to study proteomes at a single-cell level and employ robot-assisted automation systems for enhanced sample preparation techniques, and the increase in fidelity of the mass spectrometers has allowed for the unambiguous identification of numerous dynamic posttranslational modifications. Animal models of cardiovascular disease, ranging from early animal experiments to current sophisticated models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, have provided the tools to study a challenging organ in the laboratory. Further technological development will pave the way for the implementation of proteomics even closer within the clinical setting, allowing not only scientists but also patients to benefit from an understanding of protein interplay as it relates to cardiac disease physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Karpov
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Aleksandr Stotland
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Blandine Chazarin
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lizhuo Ai
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Christopher I Murray
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Gao Y, Jiang Z, Xu B, Mo R, Li S, Jiang Y, Zhao D, Cao W, Chen B, Tian M, Tan Q. Evaluation of topical methylene blue nanoemulsion for wound healing in diabetic mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1462-1473. [PMID: 37691404 PMCID: PMC10496548 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2254341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic wounds (DW) are a complication of diabetes and slow wound healing is the main manifestation. Methylene blue (MB) has been shown to exhibit therapeutic effects on diabetes-related diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of action of MB-nanoemulsion (NE) in the treatment of DW. MATERIALS AND METHODS The concentration of MB-NE used in the in vivo and in vitro experiments was 0.1 mg/mL. Streptozocin-induced diabetic mice were used as models. The mice were separated into nondiabetic, diabetic, MB-NE treated, and NE-treated groups. Intervention of high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells using MB-NE. The mechanism by which MB-NE promotes DW healing is investigated by combining histological analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, TUNEL and ROS assays and western blotting. RESULTS In diabetic mice, the MB-NE accelerated DW healing (p < 0.05), promoted the expression of endothelial cell markers (α-SMA, CD31 and VEGF) (p < 0.05), and reduced TUNEL levels. In vitro, MB accelerated the migration rate of cells (p < 0.05); promoted the expression of CD31, VEGF, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 (p < 0.05) and decreased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (p < 0.05). MB upregulated the expression of Nrf2, catalase, HO-1 and SOD2 (p < 0.05). In addition, MB reduced the immunofluorescence intensity of TUNEL and ROS in cells and reduced apoptosis. The therapeutic effect of MB was attenuated after treatment with an Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study provides a foundation for the application of MB-NE in the treatment of DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhounan Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Hubei Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, China
| | - Ran Mo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Demei Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangbin Cao
- Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Plant Resources and Chemistry, Nanjing Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li AL, Lian L, Chen XN, Cai WH, Fan XB, Fan YJ, Li TT, Xie YY, Zhang JP. The role of mitochondria in myocardial damage caused by energy metabolism disorders: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:236-251. [PMID: 37567516 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial damage is the most serious pathological consequence of cardiovascular diseases and an important reason for their high mortality. In recent years, because of the high prevalence of systemic energy metabolism disorders (e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome), complications of myocardial damage caused by these disorders have attracted widespread attention. Energy metabolism disorders are independent of traditional injury-related risk factors, such as ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, and infection. An imbalance of myocardial metabolic flexibility and myocardial energy depletion are usually the initial changes of myocardial injury caused by energy metabolism disorders, and abnormal morphology and functional destruction of the mitochondria are their important features. Specifically, mitochondria are the centers of energy metabolism, and recent evidence has shown that decreased mitochondrial function, caused by an imbalance in mitochondrial quality control, may play a key role in myocardial injury caused by energy metabolism disorders. Under chronic energy stress, mitochondria undergo pathological fission, while mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion, and biogenesis are inhibited, and mitochondrial protein balance and transfer are disturbed, resulting in the accumulation of nonfunctional and damaged mitochondria. Consequently, damaged mitochondria lead to myocardial energy depletion and the accumulation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, further aggravating the imbalance in mitochondrial quality control and forming a vicious cycle. In addition, impaired mitochondria coordinate calcium homeostasis imbalance, and epigenetic alterations participate in the pathogenesis of myocardial damage. These pathological changes induce rapid progression of myocardial damage, eventually leading to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. To intervene more specifically in the myocardial damage caused by metabolic disorders, we need to understand the specific role of mitochondria in this context in detail. Accordingly, promising therapeutic strategies have been proposed. We also summarize the existing therapeutic strategies to provide a reference for clinical treatment and developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Lin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xin-Nong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300190, China
| | - Wen-Hui Cai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xin-Biao Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ya-Jie Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ying-Yu Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
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Jeon J, Lee D, Kim B, Park BY, Oh CJ, Kim MJ, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Park O, Baek S, Lim CW, Ryu D, Fang S, Auwerx J, Kim KT, Jung HY. CycloZ Improves Hyperglycemia and Lipid Metabolism by Modulating Lysine Acetylation in KK-Ay Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:653-667. [PMID: 37098411 PMCID: PMC10555534 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND CycloZ, a combination of cyclo-His-Pro and zinc, has anti-diabetic activity. However, its exact mode of action remains to be elucidated. METHODS KK-Ay mice, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model, were administered CycloZ either as a preventive intervention, or as a therapy. Glycemic control was evaluated using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Liver and visceral adipose tissues (VATs) were used for histological evaluation, gene expression analysis, and protein expression analysis. RESULTS CycloZ administration improved glycemic control in KK-Ay mice in both prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Lysine acetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, liver kinase B1, and nuclear factor-κB p65 was decreased in the liver and VATs in CycloZ-treated mice. In addition, CycloZ treatment improved mitochondrial function, lipid oxidation, and inflammation in the liver and VATs of mice. CycloZ treatment also increased the level of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which affected the activity of deacetylases, such as sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of CycloZ on diabetes and obesity occur through increased NAD+ synthesis, which modulates Sirt1 deacetylase activity in the liver and VATs. Given that the mode of action of an NAD+ booster or Sirt1 deacetylase activator is different from that of traditional T2DM drugs, CycloZ would be considered a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsu Jeon
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Yoon Park
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Onyu Park
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
| | - Seoyeong Baek
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
| | - Chae Won Lim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
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Park S, Mossmann D, Chen Q, Wang X, Dazert E, Colombi M, Schmidt A, Ryback B, Ng CKY, Terracciano LM, Heim MH, Hall MN. Transcription factors TEAD2 and E2A globally repress acetyl-CoA synthesis to promote tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4246-4261.e11. [PMID: 36400009 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) plays an important role in metabolism, gene expression, signaling, and other cellular processes via transfer of its acetyl group to proteins and metabolites. However, the synthesis and usage of acetyl-CoA in disease states such as cancer are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated global acetyl-CoA synthesis and protein acetylation in a mouse model and patient samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unexpectedly, we found that acetyl-CoA levels are decreased in HCC due to transcriptional downregulation of all six acetyl-CoA biosynthesis pathways. This led to hypo-acetylation specifically of non-histone proteins, including many enzymes in metabolic pathways. Importantly, repression of acetyl-CoA synthesis promoted oncogenic dedifferentiation and proliferation. Mechanistically, acetyl-CoA synthesis was repressed by the transcription factors TEAD2 and E2A, previously unknown to control acetyl-CoA synthesis. Knockdown of TEAD2 and E2A restored acetyl-CoA levels and inhibited tumor growth. Our findings causally link transcriptional reprogramming of acetyl-CoA metabolism, dedifferentiation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Park
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Mossmann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xueya Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Dazert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Brendan Ryback
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Rotllan N, Camacho M, Tondo M, Diarte-Añazco EMG, Canyelles M, Méndez-Lara KA, Benitez S, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Escolà-Gil JC, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Therapeutic Potential of Emerging NAD+-Increasing Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34943043 PMCID: PMC8750485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Aging and/or metabolic stress directly impact the cardiovascular system. Over the last few years, the contributions of altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism to aging and other pathological conditions closely related to cardiovascular diseases have been intensively investigated. NAD+ bioavailability decreases with age and cardiometabolic conditions in several mammalian tissues. Compelling data suggest that declining tissue NAD+ is commonly related to mitochondrial dysfunction and might be considered as a therapeutic target. Thus, NAD+ replenishment by either genetic or natural dietary NAD+-increasing strategies has been recently demonstrated to be effective for improving the pathophysiology of cardiac and vascular health in different experimental models, as well as human health, to a lesser extent. Here, we review and discuss recent experimental evidence illustrating that increasing NAD+ bioavailability, particularly by the use of natural NAD+ precursors, may offer hope for new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rotllan
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Núria Alonso
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
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8
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Chiao YA, Chakraborty AD, Light CM, Tian R, Sadoshima J, Shi X, Gu H, Lee CF. NAD + Redox Imbalance in the Heart Exacerbates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008170. [PMID: 34374300 PMCID: PMC8373812 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.008170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a risk factor for heart failure and promotes cardiac dysfunction. Diabetic tissues are associated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) redox imbalance; however, the hypothesis that NAD+ redox imbalance causes diabetic cardiomyopathy has not been tested. This investigation used mouse models with altered NAD+ redox balance to test this hypothesis. METHODS Diabetic stress was induced in mice by streptozotocin. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. Heart and plasma samples were collected for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. Two mouse models with altered NAD+ redox states (1, Ndufs4 [NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4] knockout, cKO, and 2, NAMPT [nicotinamide phosphoribosyltranferase] transgenic mice, NMAPT) were used. RESULTS Diabetic stress caused cardiac dysfunction and lowered NAD+/NADH ratio (oxidized/reduced ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in wild-type mice. Mice with lowered cardiac NAD+/NADH ratio without baseline dysfunction, cKO mice, were challenged with chronic diabetic stress. NAD+ redox imbalance in cKO hearts exacerbated systolic (fractional shortening: 27.6% versus 36.9% at 4 weeks, male cohort P<0.05), and diastolic dysfunction (early-to-late ratio of peak diastolic velocity: 0.99 versus 1.20, P<0.05) of diabetic mice in both sexes. Collagen levels and transcripts of fibrosis and extracellular matrix-dependent pathways did not show changes in diabetic cKO hearts, suggesting that the exacerbated cardiac dysfunction was due to cardiomyocyte dysfunction. NAD+ redox imbalance promoted superoxide dismutase 2 acetylation, protein oxidation, troponin I S150 phosphorylation, and impaired energetics in diabetic cKO hearts. Importantly, elevation of cardiac NAD+ levels by NAMPT normalized NAD+ redox balance, alleviated cardiac dysfunction (fractional shortening: 40.2% versus 24.8% in cKO:NAMPT versus cKO, P<0.05; early-to-late ratio of peak diastolic velocity: 1.32 versus 1.04, P<0.05), and reversed pathogenic mechanisms in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that NAD+ redox imbalance to regulate acetylation and phosphorylation is a critical mediator of the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy and suggest the therapeutic potential for diabetic cardiomyopathy by harnessing NAD+ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ann Chiao
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program (Y.A.C., A.D.C.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Akash Deep Chakraborty
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program (Y.A.C., A.D.C.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City.,Cardiovascular Biology Research Program (A.D.C., C.M.L., C.F.L.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Christine M Light
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program (A.D.C., C.M.L., C.F.L.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle (R.T.). Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (J.S.)
| | | | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale (X.S., H.G.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale (X.S., H.G.)
| | - Chi Fung Lee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program (A.D.C., C.M.L., C.F.L.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (C.F.L.)
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9
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Jayakumari NR, Rajendran RS, Sivasailam A, Parambil ST, Reghuvaran AC, Sreelatha HV, Gopala S. Honokiol regulates mitochondrial substrate utilization and cellular fatty acid metabolism in diabetic mice heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173918. [PMID: 33529726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, which is one of the main reasons for cardiovascular diseases. Among the mitochondrial metabolic changes, fatty acid metabolism is of great importance as cardiac tissues depend primarily on fatty acids. Honokiol, a constituent of Magnolia tree bark extract, is reported to strongly influence cardiac mitochondrial functions, via various mechanisms. The current study showed that honokiol decreased fatty acid-mediated complex I respiration and increased carbohydrate-mediated complex I and II respiration in diabetic C57BL/6 mice cardiac mitochondria. It was also found that honokiol treatment decreased expression of Cluster of Differentiation 36, AMP-activated kinases and nuclear transcription factors like, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α/β and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, surrogating the evidence of decreased fatty acid-mediated complex I respiration. Honokiol treatment also reduced the levels of mitochondrial acetylated proteins, suggesting the possible action of honokiol via acetylation/deacetylation mechanism of regulation of protein functions in diabetic mitochondria. The antioxidant effect of honokiol is evidenced by the augmented expression of Manganese super oxide dismutase. In conclusion, honokiol imparts beneficial effect on diabetic cardiac mitochondria by decreasing the oxidant burden via regulating mitochondrial fatty acid respiration and expression of oxidant response factors.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Lignans/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Streptozocin
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Ravikumar Jayakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Raji Sasikala Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ashok Sivasailam
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sulfath Thottungal Parambil
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anand Chellappan Reghuvaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Harikrishnan Vijayakumar Sreelatha
- Division of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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10
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Liu Y, Kabakov AY, Xie A, Shi G, Singh AK, Sodha NR, Ehsan A, Usheva A, Agbortoko V, Koren G, Dudley SC, Sellke FW, Feng J. Metabolic regulation of endothelial SK channels and human coronary microvascular function. Int J Cardiol 2020; 312:1-9. [PMID: 32199682 PMCID: PMC7388214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic (DM) inactivation of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels contributes to coronary endothelial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms responsible for this down-regulation of endothelial SK channels are poorly understood. Thus, we hypothesized that the altered metabolic signaling in diabetes regulates endothelial SK channels and human coronary microvascular function. METHODS Human atrial tissue, coronary arterioles and coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) obtained from DM and non-diabetic (ND) patients (n = 12/group) undergoing cardiac surgery were used to analyze metabolic alterations, endothelial SK channel function, coronary microvascular reactivity and SK gene/protein expression/localization. RESULTS The relaxation response of DM coronary arterioles to the selective SK channel activator SKA-31 and calcium ionophore A23187 was significantly decreased compared to that of ND arterioles (p < 0.05). Diabetes increases the level of NADH and the NADH/NAD+ ratio in human myocardium and HCAECs (p < 0.05). Increase in intracellular NADH (100 μM) in the HCAECs caused a significant decrease in endothelial SK channel currents (p < 0.05), whereas, intracellular application of NAD+ (500 μM) increased the endothelial SK channel currents (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) of HCAECs and NADPH oxidase (NOX) and PKC protein expression in the human myocardium and coronary microvasculature were increased respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is associated with metabolic changes in the human myocardium, coronary microvasculature and HCAECs. Endothelial SK channel function is regulated by the metabolite pyridine nucleotides, NADH and NAD+, suggesting that metabolic regulation of endothelial SK channels may contribute to coronary endothelial dysfunction in the DM patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Anatoli Y Kabakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - An Xie
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Guangbin Shi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Arun K Singh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Neel R Sodha
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Afshin Ehsan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Anny Usheva
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Vahid Agbortoko
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Gideon Koren
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America.
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11
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Malek V, Sharma N, Gaikwad AB. Histone Acetylation Regulates Natriuretic Peptides and Neprilysin Gene Expressions in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:61-71. [PMID: 30465518 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181122092300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natriuretic peptide system (NPS) alterations are involved in pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nephropathy (DN), however its epigenetic regulation is still unclear. Interestingly, histone acetylation epigenetically regulates neprilysin expression in Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at delineating role of histone acetylation in regulation of NPS in DCM and DN. METHODS Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were used to mimic pathogenesis of DCM and DN. After haemodynamic measurements, all the rat's plasma, heart and kidney were collected for biochemistry, ELISA, protein isolation and western blotting, RT-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS Diabetic rats heart and kidney exhibited activation of NF-κB and TGF-β signalling with increased histone acetyl transferases (PCAF/CBP) expressions and augmented H2AK5Ac, H2BK5Ac, H3K18Ac, and H4K8Ac levels. ChIP assay results showed increased enrichment of H3K18Ac and H2BK5Ac at Nppa, Nppb (Heart) and Mme promoter (Heart/Kidney) in diabetic rats. Enrichment of H2AK5Ac was augmented on Nppa and Mme promoters in diabetic heart, while it remained unchanged on Nppb promoter in heart and Mme promoter in kidney. CONCLUSION Augmented histone acetylation at promoter regions of NPS gene(s), at least in a part, is responsible for increased expressions of ANP, BNP and NEP in diabetic heart and kidney. Hence, histone acetylation inhibitors can be considered as novel therapeutic targets against DCM and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
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12
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Abstract
Significance: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a frequent complication occurring even in well-controlled asymptomatic diabetic patients, and it may advance to heart failure (HF). Recent Advances: The diabetic heart is characterized by a state of "metabolic rigidity" involving enhanced rates of fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial oxidation as the predominant energy source, and it exhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain defects. These alterations promote redox state changes evidenced by a decreased NAD+/NADH ratio associated with an increase in acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. NAD+ is a co-substrate for deacetylases, sirtuins, and a critical molecule in metabolism and redox signaling; whereas acetyl-CoA promotes protein lysine acetylation, affecting mitochondrial integrity and causing epigenetic changes. Critical Issues: DCM lacks specific therapies with treatment only in later disease stages using standard, palliative HF interventions. Traditional therapy targeting neurohormonal signaling and hemodynamics failed to improve mortality rates. Though mitochondrial redox state changes occur in the heart with obesity and diabetes, how the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH redox couple connects the remodeled energy metabolism with mitochondrial and cytosolic antioxidant defense and nuclear epigenetic changes remains to be determined. Mitochondrial therapies targeting the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH redox ratio may alleviate cardiac dysfunction. Future Directions: Specific therapies must be supported by an optimal understanding of changes in mitochondrial redox state and how it influences other cellular compartments; this field has begun to surface as a therapeutic target for the diabetic heart. We propose an approach based on an alternate mitochondrial electron transport that normalizes the mitochondrial redox state and improves cardiac function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Berthiaume
- 1 Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jacob G Kurdys
- 2 Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Danina M Muntean
- 3 Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mariana G Rosca
- 2 Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant, Michigan
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13
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Mekala NK, Kurdys J, Depuydt MM, Vazquez EJ, Rosca MG. Apoptosis inducing factor deficiency causes retinal photoreceptor degeneration. The protective role of the redox compound methylene blue. Redox Biol 2018; 20:107-117. [PMID: 30300862 PMCID: PMC6175772 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) underlies a wide spectrum of human ailments known as mitochondrial diseases. Deficiencies in complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC) contribute to 30–40% of all cases of mitochondrial diseases, and leads to eye disease including optic nerve atrophy and retinal degeneration. The mechanisms responsible for organ damage in mitochondrial defects may include energy deficit, oxidative stress, and an increase in the NADH/NAD+ redox ratio due to decreased NAD+ regeneration. Currently, there is no effective treatment to alleviate human disease induced by complex I defect. Photoreceptor cells have the highest energy demand and dependence on OXPHOS for survival, and the lowest reserve capacity indicating that they are sensitive to OXPHOS defects. We investigated the effect of mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiency on retinal photoreceptors in a model of mitochondrial complex I defect (apoptosis inducing factor, AIF-deficient mice, Harlequin mice), and tested the protective effect of a mitochondrial redox compound (methylene blue, MB) on mitochondrial and photoreceptor integrity. MB prevented the reduction in the retinal thickness and protein markers for photoreceptor outer segments, Muller and ganglion cells, and altered mitochondrial integrity and function induced by AIF deficiency. In rotenone-induced complex I deficient 661 W cells (an immortalized mouse photoreceptor cell line) MB decreased the NADH/NAD+ ratio and oxidative stress without correcting the energy deficit, and improved cell survival. MB deactivated the mitochondrial stress response pathways, the unfolding protein response and mitophagy. In conclusion, preserving mitochondrial structure and function alleviates retinal photoreceptor degeneration in mitochondrial complex I defect. Mitochondrial complex I causes damage of the retinal photoreceptor cells and their outer segments. Methylene blue decreases the NADH/ NAD+ ratio and oxidative stress induced by complex I defect. Methylene blue deactivates the mitochondrial stress response pathways. Methylene blue maintains mitochondrial integrity and function. Methylene blue improves photoreceptor cell survival and outer segment integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Mekala
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Kurdys
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Mikayla M Depuydt
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Edwin J Vazquez
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Mariana G Rosca
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States.
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14
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Privistirescu AI, Sima A, Duicu OM, Timar R, Roșca MG, Sturza A, Muntean DM. Methylene blue alleviates endothelial dysfunction and reduces oxidative stress in aortas from diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1012-1016. [PMID: 29894646 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and the related increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are important events in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM). Methylene blue (MB) has been systematically investigated for its protective effects against refractory hypotension and mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously demonstrated that MB improved mitochondrial respiration and partially decreased oxidative stress in diabetic rat hearts. The present study was aimed to investigate whether MB modulates vascular function and ROS production in thoracic aortic rings isolated from rats with streptozotocin-induced DM (after 4 weeks of hyperglycemia). The effects of MB (0.1 μM, 30 min ex vivo incubation) on vascular reactivity in organ chamber (phenylephrine-induced contraction, acetylcholine-induced relaxation) and H2O2 production (assessed by ferrous iron xylenol orange oxidation assay) were investigated in vascular preparations with intact endothelium and after denudation. DM elicited a significant alteration of vascular function: increased contractility to phenylephrine, attenuation of acetylcholine-dependent relaxation, and augmented H2O2 generation. Ex vivo incubation with MB partially reversed all these changes (by approximately 70%) in vascular segments with intact endothelial layer (but not in denuded vessels). In conclusion, MB might be useful in alleviating endothelial dysfunction and mitigating endothelial oxidative stress, observations that clearly require further investigation in the setting of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea I Privistirescu
- a Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Sima
- b Department of Internal Medicine II - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Oana M Duicu
- a Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania.,c Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- b Department of Internal Medicine II - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Mariana G Roșca
- d Department of Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, 2630 Denison Drive, Research Building Room 105, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Adrian Sturza
- a Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania.,c Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Danina M Muntean
- a Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania.,c Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
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15
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Saihara K, Kamikubo R, Ikemoto K, Uchida K, Akagawa M. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone, a Redox-Active o-Quinone, Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis by Activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6615-6625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Saihara
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kamikubo
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ikemoto
- Niigata
Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata 950-3112, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Akagawa
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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16
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Dikalova AE, Itani HA, Nazarewicz RR, McMaster WG, Flynn CR, Uzhachenko R, Fessel JP, Gamboa JL, Harrison DG, Dikalov SI. Sirt3 Impairment and SOD2 Hyperacetylation in Vascular Oxidative Stress and Hypertension. Circ Res 2017; 121:564-574. [PMID: 28684630 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clinical studies have shown that Sirt3 (Sirtuin 3) expression declines by 40% by 65 years of age paralleling the increased incidence of hypertension and metabolic conditions further inactivate Sirt3 because of increased NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form) and acetyl-CoA levels. Sirt3 impairment reduces the activity of a key mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) because of hyperacetylation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined whether the loss of Sirt3 activity increases vascular oxidative stress because of SOD2 hyperacetylation and promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypertension was markedly increased in Sirt3-knockout (Sirt3-/-) and SOD2-depleted (SOD2+/-) mice in response to low dose of angiotensin II (0.3 mg/kg per day) compared with wild-type C57Bl/6J mice. Sirt3 depletion increased SOD2 acetylation, elevated mitochondrial O2· -, and diminished endothelial nitric oxide. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension was associated with Sirt3 S-glutathionylation, acetylation of vascular SOD2, and reduced SOD2 activity. Scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in mCAT mice expressing mitochondria-targeted catalase prevented Sirt3 and SOD2 impairment and attenuated hypertension. Treatment of mice after onset of hypertension with a mitochondria-targeted H2O2 scavenger, mitochondria-targeted hydrogen peroxide scavenger ebselen, reduced Sirt3 S-glutathionylation, diminished SOD2 acetylation, and reduced blood pressure in wild-type but not in Sirt3-/- mice, whereas an SOD2 mimetic, (2-[2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino]-2-oxoethyl) triphenylphosphonium (mitoTEMPO), reduced blood pressure and improved vasorelaxation both in Sirt3-/- and wild-type mice. SOD2 acetylation had an inverse correlation with SOD2 activity and a direct correlation with the severity of hypertension. Analysis of human subjects with essential hypertension showed 2.6-fold increase in SOD2 acetylation and 1.4-fold decrease in Sirt3 levels, whereas SOD2 expression was not affected. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that diminished Sirt3 expression and redox inactivation of Sirt3 lead to SOD2 inactivation and contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Dikalova
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hana A Itani
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Rafal R Nazarewicz
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - William G McMaster
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles R Flynn
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Roman Uzhachenko
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jorge L Gamboa
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David G Harrison
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sergey I Dikalov
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.D., H.A.I., R.R.N., W.G.M., R.U., J.P.F., J.L.G., D.G.H., S.I.D.) and Department of Surgery (C.R.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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