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Orellana SC, Bethlehem RAI, Simpson-Kent IL, van Harmelen AL, Vértes PE, Bullmore ET. Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structure through its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocial factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304704121. [PMID: 38593073 PMCID: PMC11032474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304704121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) leads to a lifelong susceptibility to mental ill-health which might be reflected by its effects on adult brain structure, perhaps indirectly mediated by its effects on adult metabolic, immune, and psychosocial systems. Indexing these systemic factors via body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rates of adult trauma (AT), respectively, we tested three hypotheses: (H1) CM has direct or indirect effects on adult trauma, BMI, and CRP; (H2) adult trauma, BMI, and CRP are all independently related to adult brain structure; and (H3) childhood maltreatment has indirect effects on adult brain structure mediated in parallel by BMI, CRP, and AT. Using path analysis and data from N = 116,887 participants in UK Biobank, we find that CM is related to greater BMI and AT levels, and that these two variables mediate CM's effects on CRP [H1]. Regression analyses on the UKB MRI subsample (N = 21,738) revealed that greater CRP and BMI were both independently related to a spatially convergent pattern of cortical effects (Spearman's ρ = 0.87) characterized by fronto-occipital increases and temporo-parietal reductions in thickness. Subcortically, BMI was associated with greater volume, AT with lower volume and CPR with effects in both directions [H2]. Finally, path models indicated that CM has indirect effects in a subset of brain regions mediated through its direct effects on BMI and AT and indirect effects on CRP [H3]. Results provide evidence that childhood maltreatment can influence brain structure decades after exposure by increasing individual risk toward adult trauma, obesity, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C. Orellana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. I. Bethlehem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan L. Simpson-Kent
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden2333AK, The Netherlands
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104-6241
| | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden2333AK, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, CambridgeCB21 5EF, United Kingdom
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Ebrahimi M, Thompson P, Lauer AK, Sivaprasad S, Perry G. The retina-brain axis and diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2079-2095. [PMID: 37259525 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231172229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major contributor to permanent vision loss and blindness. Changes in retinal neurons, glia, and microvasculature have been the focus of intensive study in the quest to better understand DR. However, the impact of diabetes on the rest of the visual system has received less attention. There are reports of associations of changes in the visual system with preclinical and clinical manifestations of diabetes. Simultaneous investigation of the retina and the brain may shed light on the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in diabetics. Additionally, investigating the links between DR and other neurodegenerative disorders of the brain including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease may reveal shared mechanisms for neurodegeneration and potential therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas K Lauer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas and San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Cui F, Ouyang ZQ, Zeng YZ, Ling BB, Shi L, Zhu Y, Gu HY, Jiang WL, Zhou T, Sun XJ, Han D, Lu Y. Effects of hypertension on subcortical nucleus morphological alternations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1201281. [PMID: 37780620 PMCID: PMC10534025 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1201281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and hypertension(HTN) are common comorbidities, and known to affect the brain. However, little is known about the effects of the coexisting HTN on brain in T2DM patients. So we aim to investigate the impact of HTN on the subcortical nucleus morphological alternations in T2DM patients. Materials & methods This work was registered by the clinicaltrials.gov (grant number NCT03564431). We recruited a total of 92 participants, comprising 36 only T2DM patients, 28 T2DM patients with HTN(T2DMH) and 28 healthy controls(HCs) in our study. All clinical indicators were assessed and brain image data was collected for each participant. Voxel-based morphometry(VBM), automatic volume and vertex-based shape analyses were used to determine the subcortical nucleus alternations from each participant's 3D-T1 brain images and evaluate the relationship between the alternations and clinical indicators. Results T2DMH patients exhibited volumetric reduction and morphological alterations in thalamus compared to T2DM patients, whereas T2DM patients did not demonstrate any significant subcortical alterations compared to HCs. Furthermore, negative correlations have been found between thalamic alternations and the duration of HTN in T2DMH patients. Conclusion Our results revealed that HTN may exacerbate subcortical nucleus alternations in T2DM patients, which highlighted the importance of HTN management in T2DM patients to prevent further damage to the brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ouyang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Zeng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing-Bing Ling
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - He-Yi Gu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wan-Lin Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Jin Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory of Brain Function, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Suchy-Dicey A, Su Y, Buchwald DS, Manson SM, Reiman EM. Volume atrophy in medial temporal cortex and verbal memory scores in American Indians: Data from the Strong Heart Study. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2298-2306. [PMID: 36453775 PMCID: PMC10232670 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient subgroups may optimize positive clinical outcomes. Cortical atrophy is correlated with memory deficits, but these associations are understudied in American Indians. METHODS We collected imaging and cognition data in the Strong Heart Study (SHS), a cohort of 11 tribes across three regions. We processed 1.5T MRI using FreeSurfer and iterative principal component analysis. Linear mixed models estimated volumetric associations with diabetes. RESULTS Over mean 7 years follow-up (N = 818 age 65-89 years), overall volume loss was 0.5% per year. Significant losses associated with diabetes were especially strong in the right hemisphere. Annualized hippocampal, parahippocampal, entorhinal atrophy were worse for men, older age, diabetes, hypertension, stroke; and associated with both encoding and retrieval memory losses. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that diabetes is an important risk factor in American Indians for cortical atrophy and memory loss. Future research should examine opportunities for primary prevention in this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Suchy-Dicey
- Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Dedra S Buchwald
- Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Spero M Manson
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Hwang IS, Hong SB. Association between body mass index and subcortical volume in pre-adolescent children with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory study. Autism Res 2022; 15:2238-2249. [PMID: 36256577 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting associations exist between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and subcortical brain volumes. This study assessed whether obesity might have a confounding influence on associations between ASD and brain subcortical volumes. A comprehensive investigation evaluating the relationship between ASD, obesity, and subcortical structure volumes was conducted. Data obtained included body mass index (BMI) and T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images for children with and without ASD diagnoses from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Brain subcortical volumes were calculated using vol2Brain software. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the subcortical volumes similarly or differentially associated with BMI in children with or without ASD and examine association and interaction effects regarding ASD and subcortical volume impact on the Social Responsiveness Scale and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) scores. Bilateral caudate nuclei were smaller in children with ASD than in control participants. Significant interactions were observed between ASD diagnosis and BMI regarding the left caudate, right and left putamen, and right and left ventral diencephalon (DC) volumes (β = -0.384, p = 0.010; β = -0.336, p = 0.030; β = -0.317, p = 0.040; β = 0.322, p = 0.010; β = 0.295, p = 0.021, respectively) and between ASD diagnosis and right and left ventral DC volumes regarding the VABS scores (β = 0.434, p = 0.014; β = 0.495, p = 0.007, respectively). However, each subcortical structure volume included in the ventral DC area could not be measured separately. The results identified subcortical volumes differentially associated with obesity in children with ASD compared with typically developing peers. BMI may need to be considered an important confounder in future research examining brain subcortical volumes within ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seong Hwang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Beom Hong
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu N, Yu H, Xu M. Alteration of brain nuclei in obese children with and without Prader-Willi syndrome. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:1032636. [DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.1032636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystem genetic imprinting disorder mainly characterized by hyperphagia and childhood obesity. Extensive structural alterations are expected in PWS patients, and their influence on brain nuclei should be early and profound. To date, few studies have investigated brain nuclei in children with PWS, although functional and structural alterations of the cortex have been reported widely.Methods: In the current study, we used T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations in brain nuclei by three automated analysis methods: shape analysis to evaluate the shape of 14 cerebral nuclei (bilateral thalamus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens), automated segmentation methods integrated in Freesurfer 7.2.0 to investigate the volume of hypothalamic subregions, and region of interest-based analysis to investigate the volume of deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Twelve age- and sex-matched children with PWS, 18 obese children without PWS (OB) and 18 healthy controls participated in this study.Results: Compared with control and OB individuals, the PWS group exhibited significant atrophy in the bilateral thalamus, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, right caudate, bilateral hypothalamus (left anterior-inferior, bilateral posterior, and bilateral tubular inferior subunits) and bilateral DCN (dentate, interposed, and fastigial nuclei), whereas no significant difference was found between the OB and control groups.Discussion: Based on our evidence, we suggested that alterations in brain nuclei influenced by imprinted genes were associated with clinical manifestations of PWS, such as eating disorders, cognitive disability and endocrine abnormalities, which were distinct from the neural mechanisms of obese children.
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McWhinney SR, Brosch K, Calhoun VD, Crespo-Facorro B, Crossley NA, Dannlowski U, Dickie E, Dietze LMF, Donohoe G, Du Plessis S, Ehrlich S, Emsley R, Furstova P, Glahn DC, Gonzalez-Valderrama A, Grotegerd D, Holleran L, Kircher TTJ, Knytl P, Kolenic M, Lencer R, Nenadić I, Opel N, Pfarr JK, Rodrigue AL, Rootes-Murdy K, Ross AJ, Sim K, Škoch A, Spaniel F, Stein F, Švancer P, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Undurraga J, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Voineskos A, Walton E, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Thompson PM, van Erp TGM, Turner JA, Hajek T. Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3731-3737. [PMID: 35739320 PMCID: PMC9902274 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive. Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R McWhinney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erin Dickie
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefan Du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robin Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petra Furstova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama
- School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico 'Dr. José Horwitz B.', Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tilo T J Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Knytl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Kolenic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Pscyhiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Amanda L Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alex J Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonín Škoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrik Švancer
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Computación Avanzada y Ciencia, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Undurraga
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico 'Dr. José Horwitz B.', Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry. Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
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Pflanz CP, Tozer DJ, Harshfield EL, Tay J, Farooqi S, Markus HS. Central obesity is selectively associated with cerebral gray matter atrophy in 15,634 subjects in the UK Biobank. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1059-1067. [PMID: 35145215 PMCID: PMC9050590 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and dementia, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. We examined associations between obesity, including estimates of central obesity using different modalities, with brain gray matter (GM) volume in the UK Biobank, a large population-based cohort study. METHODS To determine relationships between obesity and the brain we used brain MRI, abdominal MRI, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectric whole-body impedance. We determined whether obesity was associated with any change in brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, and brain network efficiency derived from the structural connectome (wiring of the brain) as determined from diffusion-tensor MRI tractography. Using Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), abdominal MRI and DXA we determined whether any associations were primarily with central rather than peripheral obesity, and whether associations were mediated by known cardiovascular risk factors. We analyzed brain MRI data from 15,634. RESULTS We found that central obesity, was associated with decreased GM volume (anthropometric data: p = 6.7 × 10-16, DXA: p = 8.3 × 10-81, abdominal MRI: p = 0.0006). Regional associations were found between central obesity and with specific GM subcortical nuclei (thalamus, caudate, pallidum, nucleus accumbens). In contrast, no associations were found with WM volume or structure, or brain network efficiency. The effects of central obesity on GM volume were not mediated by C-reactive protein or blood pressure, glucose, lipids. CONCLUSIONS Central body-fat distribution rather than the overall body-fat percentage is associated with gray matter changes in people with obesity. Further work is required to identify the factors that mediate the association between central obesity and GM atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris-Patrick Pflanz
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J Tozer
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Eric L Harshfield
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan Tay
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Welcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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9
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Feng Y, Li Y, Tan X, Liang Y, Ma X, Chen Y, Lv W, Wu J, Kang S, Li M, Qiu S. Altered Gray Matter Volume, Functional Connectivity, and Degree Centrality in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Neurol 2021; 12:697349. [PMID: 34566841 PMCID: PMC8459017 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.697349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Structural and functional brain alterations that underlie cognitive decline have been observed in elderly adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, whether these alterations can be observed in patients with early-onset T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to describe the abnormalities in brain volume and functional patterns in patients with early-onset T2DM in the present study. Methods: We enrolled 20 patients with early-onset T2DM and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Changes in brain volume were assessed using voxel-based morphology (VBM), while changes in brain function were assessed using degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC). Results: Compared to HCs, patients with early-onset T2DM exhibited gray matter reductions in the left orbital superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri as well as the right superior frontal gyrus. The gray matter reductions in the right superior frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Furthermore, increased DC values were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, and left hippocampus in patients with early-onset T2DM. An FC analysis of these regions revealed elevated connectivity in the right precuneus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, bilateral post-central gyrus, bilateral insula, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral medial and paracingulate gyrus. Furthermore, the FC of the hubs to the superior temporal gyrus, insula, and Heschl gyrus was increased and positively correlated with trail making test-B. Conclusion: Decreased local gray matter volume and increased DC and FC may represent the neurobiological mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in patients with early-onset T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuna Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiao Lv
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjian Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangyu Kang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Dyer AH, McKenna L, Gamage G, Bourke NM, Killane I, Widdowson M, Woods CP, Gibney J, Reilly R, O'Neill D, Kennelly SP. Cognitive performance in midlife type 2 diabetes: results from the ENBIND study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14412. [PMID: 32997841 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To establish the impact of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes on cognitive and neuropsychological performance in midlife. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes and a cohort of healthy control participants. General cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and neuropsychological assessment was undertaken using a detailed neuropsychological assessment battery. RESULTS A total of 152 participants (102 with type 2 diabetes and 50 controls) were recruited (mean age 52 ± 8 years, 51% women). Participants with midlife type 2 diabetes were more than twice as likely to make an error on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test [incidence rate ratio 2.44 (95% CI 1.54 to 3.87); P < 0.001]. Further, type 2 diabetes was also associated with significantly lower memory composite score [β: -0.20 (95% CI -0.39 to -0.01); P = 0.04] and paired associates learning score [β: = -1.97 (95% CI -3.51, -0.43); P = 0.01] on the neuropsychological assessment battery following adjustment for age, sex, BMI, educational attainment and hypercholesterolaemia. CONCLUSIONS Even in midlife, type 2 diabetes was associated with small but statistically significant cognitive decrements. These statistically significant decrements, whilst not clinically significant in terms of objective cognitive impairment, may have important implications in selecting out individuals most at risk of later cognitive decline for potential preventative interventions in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Dyer
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L McKenna
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Gamage
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N M Bourke
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Killane
- Department of Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Widdowson
- Robert Grave's Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C P Woods
- Robert Grave's Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Gibney
- Robert Grave's Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Reilly
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Bioengineering, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D O'Neill
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S P Kennelly
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Steegers C, Blok E, Lamballais S, Jaddoe V, Bernardoni F, Vernooij M, van der Ende J, Hillegers M, Micali N, Ehrlich S, Jansen P, Dieleman G, White T. The association between body mass index and brain morphology in children: a population-based study. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:787-800. [PMID: 33484342 PMCID: PMC7981300 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain morphology is altered in both anorexia nervosa and obesity. However, it is yet unclear if the relationship between Body Mass Index-Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) and brain morphology exists across the BMI-SDS spectrum, or is present only in the extremes. The study involved 3160 9-to-11 year-old children (50.3% female) who participate in Generation R, a population-based study. Structural MRI scans were obtained from all children and FreeSurfer was used to quantify both global and surface-based measures of gyrification and cortical thickness. Body length and weight were measured to calculate BMI. Dutch growth curves were used to calculate BMI-SDS. BMI-SDS was analyzed continuously and in two categories (median split). The relationship between BMI-SDS (range − 3.82 to 3.31) and gyrification showed an inverted-U shape curve in children with both lower and higher BMI-SDS values having lower gyrification in widespread areas of the brain. BMI-SDS had a positive linear association with cortical thickness in multiple brain regions. This study provides evidence for an association between BMI-SDS and brain morphology in a large sample of children from the general population and suggests that a normal BMI during childhood is important for brain development. Future studies could determine whether lifestyle modifications optimize BMI-SDS result in return to more typical patterns of brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathelijne Steegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabet Blok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Lamballais
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Meike Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwen Dieleman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M, Silva-Pereyra J. Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2021; 2021:6613385. [PMID: 34327017 PMCID: PMC8302366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Gómez-Apo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mondragón-Maya
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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13
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Stickel AM, Tarraf W, Gonzalez KA, Isasi CR, Kaplan R, Gallo LC, Zeng D, Cai J, Pirzada A, Daviglus ML, Goodman ZT, Schneiderman N, González HM. Central Obesity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Cognitive Change in the Study of Latinos - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1203-1218. [PMID: 34151803 PMCID: PMC10792520 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between obesity and cognitive decline in aging are mixed and understudied among Hispanics/Latinos. OBJECTIVE To understand associations between central obesity, cognitive aging, and the role of concomitant cardiometabolic abnormalities among Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS Participants included 6,377 diverse Hispanics/Latinos enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and SOL-Investigation for Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). Participants were 45 years and older at the first cognitive testing session (Visit 1). Cognitive outcomes (z-score units) included global composite and domain specific (learning, memory, executive functioning, processing speed) measures at a second visit (SOL-INCA, on average, 7 years later), and 7-year change. We used survey linear regression to examine associations between central obesity (waist circumference≥88 cm and≥102 cm for women and men, respectively) and cognition. We also tested whether the relationships between obesity and cognition differed by cardiometabolic status (indication of/treatment for 2 + of the following: high triglycerides, hypertension, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). RESULTS Central obesity was largely unassociated with cognitive outcomes, adjusting for covariates. However, among individuals with central obesity, cardiometabolic abnormality was linked to poorer cognitive function at SOL-INCA (ΔGlobalCognition =-0.165, p < 0.001) and to more pronounced cognitive declines over the average 7 years (ΔGlobalCognition = -0.109, p < 0.05); this was consistent across cognitive domains. CONCLUSION Central obesity alone was not associated with cognitive function. However, presence of both central obesity and cardiometabolic abnormalities was robustly predictive of cognition and 7-year cognitive declines, suggesting that in combination these factors may alter the cognitive trajectories of middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Stickel
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology & Department of Healthcare Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kevin A. Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Hector M. González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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14
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Brain structural abnormalities in obesity: relation to age, genetic risk, and common psychiatric disorders : Evidence through univariate and multivariate mega-analysis including 6420 participants from the ENIGMA MDD working group. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4839-4852. [PMID: 32467648 PMCID: PMC8589644 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that obesity impacts brain physiology at multiple levels. Here we aimed to clarify the relationship between obesity and brain structure using structural MRI (n = 6420) and genetic data (n = 3907) from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) working group. Obesity (BMI > 30) was significantly associated with cortical and subcortical abnormalities in both mass-univariate and multivariate pattern recognition analyses independent of MDD diagnosis. The most pronounced effects were found for associations between obesity and lower temporo-frontal cortical thickness (maximum Cohen´s d (left fusiform gyrus) = -0.33). The observed regional distribution and effect size of cortical thickness reductions in obesity revealed considerable similarities with corresponding patterns of lower cortical thickness in previously published studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. A higher polygenic risk score for obesity significantly correlated with lower occipital surface area. In addition, a significant age-by-obesity interaction on cortical thickness emerged driven by lower thickness in older participants. Our findings suggest a neurobiological interaction between obesity and brain structure under physiological and pathological brain conditions.
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15
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García-García I, Morys F, Dagher A. Nucleus accumbens volume is related to obesity measures in an age-dependent fashion. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12812. [PMID: 31758711 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Motivation theories of obesity suggest that one of the brain mechanisms underlying pathological eating and weight gain is the dysregulation of dopaminergic circuits. Although these dysregulations likely occur at the microscopic level, studies on grey matter volume report macroscopic differences associated with obesity. One region suggested to play a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity is the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We performed a meta-analysis of findings regarding NAcc volume and overweight/obesity. We additionally examined whether grey matter volume in the NAcc and other mesolimbic areas depends on the longitudinal trajectory of obesity, using the UK Biobank dataset. To this end, we analysed the data using a latent growth model, which identifies whether a certain variable of interest (eg, NAcc volume) is related to another variable's (body mass index [BMI]) initial values or longitudinal trajectories. Our meta-analysis showed that, overall, NAcc volume is positively related to BMI. However, further analyses revealed that the relationship between NAcc volume and BMI is dependent on age. For younger individuals, such a relationship is positive, whereas, for older adults, it is negative. This was corroborated by our analysis in the UK Biobank dataset, which includes older adults, where we found that a higher BMI was associated with a lower NAcc and thalamus volume. Overall, the present study suggests that increased NAcc volume at a young age might be a vulnerability factor for obesity, whereas, at an older age, decreased NAcc volume with increased BMI might be an effect of prolonged influences of neuroinflammation on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Liu D, Duan S, Wei P, Chen L, Wang J, Zhang J. Aberrant Brain Spontaneous Activity and Synchronization in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:181. [PMID: 32612525 PMCID: PMC7308457 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the aberration of brain spontaneous activity and synchronization in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients homozygous for the apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε3 allele. In the APOE-ε3 homozygotes, 37 T2DM patients and 37 well-matched healthy controls (HC) were included to acquire blood sample measurements, neuropsychological tests, and brain functional MRI data. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis was conducted to identify the brain areas with abnormal spontaneous activity. Then, the identified brain areas were taken as seeds to compute their functional connectivity (FC) with other brain regions. The two-sample t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test were applied to reveal significant differences in acquired measurements between the two groups. The potential correlations among the three types of measurements were explored using partial correlation analysis in the T2DM group. The T2DM group had elevated glycemic levels and scored lower on the cognitive assessment but higher on the anxiety and depression tests (p < 0.05). The T2DM group exhibited higher ALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus, and the left middle occipital gyrus had lower FC with the left caudate nucleus and the left inferior parietal gyrus (p < 0.05). No significant correlations were observed. T2DM patients homozygous for the APOE-ε3 allele exhibited aberrant brain spontaneous activity and synchronization in brain regions associated with vision-related information processing, executive function, and negative emotions. The findings may update our understanding of the mechanisms of brain dysfunction in T2DM patients in a neuroimaging perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daihong Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Radiology, PLA 904 Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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17
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Kim AY, Shim JH, Choi HJ, Baek HM. Comparison of volumetric and shape changes of subcortical structures based on 3-dimensional image between obesity and normal-weighted subjects using 3.0 T MRI. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 73:280-287. [PMID: 31992512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The morphological changes of the brain, particularly in the integrity of white and gray matter and the cortical thickness of brain, have been investigated extensively in obese patients. While there has been a growing amount of evidence indicating that subcortical structures are associated with obesity, studies on the volume of subregional level including shape alterations using high-field MRI are very sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the volumes of 14 subcortical structures (bilateral thalamus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens) in obese and normal-weighted subjects using 3T MRI for high resolution imaging. Fifty-four volunteers, 27 obesity (age = 23.15 ± 3.22, body mass index (BMI) = 30.12 ± 3.77) and 27 normal weighted controls (age = 26.1 ± 5.78, BMI = 21.76 ± 1.74) participated in the study. Through volumetric analysis, we found that the obese subjects had enlarged bilateral thalamus, putamen, pallidus and hippocampus, reduced bilateral caudate in obese groups in comparison to normal-weighted groups. Furthermore, we found that the medial-dorsal part of bilateral caudate significantly shrank while the lateral-dorsal part of bilateral thalamus significantly increased through vertex-based analysis (p < 0.05). Thus, based on our evidence, we suggest that subcortical structures are associated with feeding behavior and sensory function in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Yoon Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Shim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon Universtiy, South Korea.
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18
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Ferris JK, Inglis JT, Madden KM, Boyd LA. Brain and Body: A Review of Central Nervous System Contributions to Movement Impairments in Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:3-11. [PMID: 31862690 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with a loss of somatosensory and motor function, leading to impairments in gait, balance, and manual dexterity. Data-driven neuroimaging studies frequently report a negative impact of diabetes on sensorimotor regions in the brain; however, relationships with sensorimotor behavior are rarely considered. The goal of this review is to consider existing diabetes neuroimaging evidence through the lens of sensorimotor neuroscience. We review evidence for diabetes-related disruptions to three critical circuits for movement control: the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia. In addition, we discuss how central nervous system (CNS) degeneration might interact with the loss of sensory feedback from the limbs due to peripheral neuropathy to result in motor impairments in individuals with diabetes. We argue that our understanding of movement impairments in individuals with diabetes is incomplete without the consideration of disease complications in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuroimaging evidence for disrupted central sensorimotor circuitry suggests that there may be unrecognized behavioral impairments in individuals with diabetes. Applying knowledge from the existing literature on CNS contributions to motor control and motor learning in healthy individuals provides a framework for hypothesis generation for future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Ferris
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Timothy Inglis
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kenneth M Madden
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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19
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20
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Dong Y, Wang Q, Yao H, Xiao Y, Wei J, Xie P, Hu J, Chen W, Tang Y, Zhou H, Liu J. A promising structural magnetic resonance imaging assessment in patients with preclinical cognitive decline and diabetes mellitus. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16838-16846. [PMID: 30786010 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is frequently reported in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with changes in the microstructure of the brain arise in diabetic patients, including changes in gray matter volume (GMV). However, the underlying mechanisms of changes in GMV in DM patients with cognitive impairment remain uncertain. Here, we present an overview of amyloid-β-dependent cognitive impairment in DM patients with SCD. Moreover, we review the evolving insights from studies on the GMV changes in GMV and cognitive dysfunction to which provide the mechanisms of cognitive impairment in T2DM. Ultimately, the novel structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol was used for detecting neuroimaging biomarkers that can predict the clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with SCD. A reliable MRI protocol would be helpful to detect neurobiomarkers, and to understand the pathological mechanisms of preclinical cognitive impairment in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Dong
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Hunan Province Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hailun Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yawen Xiao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiaohong Wei
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peihan Xie
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jincai Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Cardoso S, Moreira PI. Diabesity and brain disturbances: A metabolic perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 66:71-79. [PMID: 30321556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The last decades have been marked by an increased prevalence in non-communicable diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as by population aging and age-related (brain) diseases. The current notion that the brain and the body are interrelated units is gaining the attention of the scientific and medical community. Growing evidence demonstrates that there is a significant overlap in risk, comorbidity, and pathophysiological mechanisms across obesity, T2D and brain disturbances; settings that seem to be worsened when both obesity and T2D occur simultaneously, the so-called diabesity. Thereupon, there is a great concern to critically appraise and understand the mechanisms by which diabesity can affect brain responses, and may accelerate the decline in brain health. In this framework, metabolic disturbances mediated by altered insulin signaling and mitochondrial function arise among the multifactorial interactions described to occur between obesity, T2D and neurocognitive deficits. In this review we have compiled all the notions and evidence describing how diabesity negatively influences brain function putting the emphasis on insulin signaling pathway disturbances and mitochondrial anomalies. We also debate lifestyle interventions as amenable strategies to lessen metabolic anomalies and, consequently, diabesity-associated brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology - Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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