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Mondal S, Acharya U, Mukherjee T, Bhattacharya D, Ghosh A, Ghosh A. Exploring the dynamics of ISR signaling in maize upon seed priming with plant growth promoting actinobacteria isolated from tea rhizosphere of Darjeeling. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:282. [PMID: 38806859 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer an eco-friendly alternative to agrochemicals for better plant growth and development. Here, we evaluated the plant growth promotion abilities of actinobacteria isolated from the tea (Camellia sinensis) rhizosphere of Darjeeling, India. 16 S rRNA gene ribotyping of 28 isolates demonstrated the presence of nine different culturable actinobacterial genera. Assessment of the in vitro PGP traits revealed that Micrococcus sp. AB420 exhibited the highest level of phosphate solubilization (i.e., 445 ± 2.1 µg/ml), whereas Kocuria sp. AB429 and Brachybacterium sp. AB440 showed the highest level of siderophore (25.8 ± 0.1%) and IAA production (101.4 ± 0.5 µg/ml), respectively. Biopriming of maize seeds with the individual actinobacterial isolate revealed statistically significant growth in the treated plants compared to controls. Among them, treatment with Paenarthrobacter sp. AB416 and Brachybacterium sp. AB439 exhibited the highest shoot and root length. Biopriming has also triggered significant enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense reactions in maize seedlings both locally and systematically, providing a critical insight into their possible role in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burden. To better understand the role of actinobacterial isolates in the modulation of plant defense, three selected actinobacterial isolates, AB426 (Brevibacterium sp.), AB427 (Streptomyces sp.), and AB440 (Brachybacterium sp.) were employed to evaluate the dynamics of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in maize. The expression profile of five key genes involved in SA and JA pathways revealed that bio-priming with actinobacteria (Brevibacterium sp. AB426 and Brachybacterium sp. AB440) preferably modulates the JA pathway rather than the SA pathway. The infection studies in bio-primed maize plants resulted in a delay in disease progression by the biotrophic pathogen Ustilago maydis in infected maize plants, suggesting the positive efficacy of bio-priming in aiding plants to cope with biotic stress. Conclusively, this study unravels the intrinsic mechanisms of PGPR-mediated ISR dynamics in bio-primed plants, offering a futuristic application of these microorganisms in the agricultural fields as an eco-friendly alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, WB, 700091, India
| | - Udita Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, WB, 700091, India
| | - Triparna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, WB, 700091, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Brainware University, Kolkata, India
| | - Dhruba Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, WB, 700091, India
| | - Anupama Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, WB, 700091, India
| | - Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, WB, 700091, India.
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He T, Fan J, Jiao G, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Luo N, Ahmad B, Chen Q, Wen Z. Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis of the Chitinase Genes in Strawberry ( Fragaria vesca) and Functional Study of FvChi-14. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1543. [PMID: 37050169 PMCID: PMC10097121 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and are well studied in many plant species. However, little is known about the genomic organization and expression of chitinase genes in strawberries (Fragaria vesca). Here, 23 FvChi genes were identified in the genome of strawberry (F. vesca) and divided into GH18 and GH19 subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationships. A detailed bioinformatics analysis of the FvChi genes was performed, including gene physicochemical properties, chromosomal location, exon-intron distribution, domain arrangement, and subcellular localization. Twenty-two FvChi genes showed upregulation after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. Following the exogenous application of SA, FvChi-3, 4, and 5 showed significant changes in expression. The ectopic expression of FvChi-14 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased resistance to C. higginsianum via controlling the SA and JA signaling pathway genes (AtPR1, AtICS1, AtPDF1.2, and AtLOX3). The FvChi-14 protein location was predicted in the cell wall or extracellular matrix. We speculate that FvChi-14 is involved in disease resistance by regulating the SA and JA signaling pathways. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for the functional studies of FvChi genes and new candidates for strawberry stress resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan He
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianshuai Fan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gaozhen Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qimeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ning Luo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhifeng Wen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Glutamic Acid and Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Enhanced the Heat Resistance of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) by Improving Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Photosynthesis, and ROS Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911671. [PMID: 36232971 PMCID: PMC9570168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most common agrometeorological risks in crop production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. This study aimed to investigate whether glutamic acid (Glu) or poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) biostimulants can improve the thermotolerance of a cool-season Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) crop. Priming with Glu (2.0 mM) or γ-PGA (20 mg·L−1) was conducted at the third leaf stage by applying as daily foliar sprays for 5 days before 5 days of heat stress (45 °C in 16-h light/35 °C in 8-h dark). Coupled with morpho-physiological and biochemical analyses, transcriptomes of Glu or γ-PGA-primed Chinese cabbage under heat stress were examined by RNA-seq analysis. The results showed that the thermotolerance conferred by Glu and γ-PGA priming was associated with the increased parameters of vegetative growth, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Compared with the control, the dry weights of plants treated with Glu and γ-PGA increased by 51.52% and 39.39%, respectively. Glu and γ-PGA application also significantly increased the contents of total chlorophyll by 42.21% and 23.12%, and carotenoid by 32.00% and 24.00%, respectively. In addition, Glu- and γ-PGA-primed plants markedly inhibited the levels of malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, and super-oxide anion radical, which was accompanied by enhanced activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD). Enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) categories within the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) functional clusters of RNA-seq data indicated that the expression levels of the genes for DNA replication, DNA repair system, linoleic acid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, and plant–pathogen interaction were commonly up-regulated by both Glu and γ-PGA priming. Glu treatment enhanced the expression levels of the genes involved in aliphatic glucosinolate and 2-oxocarboxylic acid, while γ-PGA treatment activated carotenoid cleavage reaction to synthesize abscisic acid. Taken together, both Glu and γ-PGA have great potential for the preadaptation of Chinese cabbage seedlings to heat stress, with Glu being more effective than γ-PGA.
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Priming with fungal elicitor elicits early signaling defense against leaf spot of broccoli underlying cellular, biochemical and gene expression. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ali M, Muhammad I, ul Haq S, Alam M, Khattak AM, Akhtar K, Ullah H, Khan A, Lu G, Gong ZH. The CaChiVI2 Gene of Capsicum annuum L. Confers Resistance Against Heat Stress and Infection of Phytophthora capsici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:219. [PMID: 32174952 PMCID: PMC7057250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions seriously affect crop growth and development, resulting in substantial reduction in yield and quality. However, chitin-binding proteins (CBP) family member CaChiVI2 plays a crucial role in eliminating the impact of adverse environmental conditions, such as cold and salt stress. Here, for the first time it was discovered that CaChiVI2 (Capana08g001237) gene of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) had a role in resistance to heat stress and physiological processes. The full-length open-reading frame (ORF) of CaChiVI2 (606-bp, encoding 201-amino acids), was cloned into TRV2:CaChiVI2 vector for silencing. The CaChiVI2 gene carries heat shock elements (HSE, AAAAAATTTC) in the upstream region, and thereby shows sensitivity to heat stress at the transcriptional level. The silencing effect of CaChiVI2 in pepper resulted in increased susceptibility to heat and Phytophthora capsici infection. This was evident from the severe symptoms on leaves, the increase in superoxide (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, higher malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and lower proline contents compared with control plants. Furthermore, the transcript level of other resistance responsive genes was also altered. In addition, the CaChiIV2-overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana showed mild heat and drought stress symptoms and increased transcript level of a defense-related gene (AtHSA32), indicating its role in the co-regulation network of the plant. The CaChiVI2-overexpressed plants also showed a decrease in MDA contents and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and proline accumulation. In conclusion, the results suggest that CaChiVI2 gene plays a decisive role in heat and drought stress tolerance, as well as, provides resistance against P. capsici by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating the expression of defense-related genes. The outcomes obtained here suggest that further studies should be conducted on plants adaptation mechanisms in variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Izhar Muhammad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Saeed ul Haq
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mukhtar Alam
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Mateen Khattak
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abid Khan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Barbosa MS, da Silva Souza B, Silva Sales AC, de Sousa JDL, da Silva FDS, Araújo Mendes MG, da Costa KRL, de Oliveira TM, Daboit TC, de Oliveira JS. Antifungal Proteins from Plant Latex. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 21:497-506. [PMID: 31746293 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191119101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Latex, a milky fluid found in several plants, is widely used for many purposes, and its proteins have been investigated by researchers. Many studies have shown that latex produced by some plant species is a natural source of biologically active compounds, and many of the hydrolytic enzymes are related to health benefits. Research on the characterization and industrial and pharmaceutical utility of latex has progressed in recent years. Latex proteins are associated with plants' defense mechanisms, against attacks by fungi. In this respect, there are several biotechnological applications of antifungal proteins. Some findings reveal that antifungal proteins inhibit fungi by interrupting the synthesis of fungal cell walls or rupturing the membrane. Moreover, both phytopathogenic and clinical fungal strains are susceptible to latex proteins. The present review describes some important features of proteins isolated from plant latex which presented in vitro antifungal activities: protein classification, function, molecular weight, isoelectric point, as well as the fungal species that are inhibited by them. We also discuss their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayck Silva Barbosa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Souza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Silva Sales
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
| | - Jhoana D'arc Lopes de Sousa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Gabriela Araújo Mendes
- Group of Advanced Studies in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba-PI, Brazil
| | - Káritta Raquel Lustoza da Costa
- Group of Advanced Studies in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba-PI, Brazil
| | - Taiane Maria de Oliveira
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba-PI, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Caroline Daboit
- Group of Advanced Studies in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba-PI, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Soares de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
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Knockdown of the chitin-binding protein family gene CaChiIV1 increased sensitivity to Phytophthora capsici and drought stress in pepper plants. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:1311-1326. [PMID: 31175439 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici has been the most destructive pathogen of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.), possessing the ability to quickly overcome the host defense system. In this context, the chitin-binding protein (CBP) family member CaChiIV1 regulates the response to P. capsici and abiotic stresses. The relevance of functional characterization and regulation of CaChiIV1 has not been explored in horticultural crops, especially pepper plants. The target gene (CaChiIV1) was isolated from pepper plants and cloned; the encoded protein carries a chitin-binding domain (CBD) that is rich in cysteine residues and has a hinge region with an abundance of proline and glycine residues. Additionally, the conserved regions in the promoter have a remarkable motif, "TTGACC". The expression of CaChiIV1 was markedly regulated by methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), melatonin, mannitol and P. capsici (PC and HX-9) infection. Knockdown of CaChiIV1 in pepper plants increased sensitivity to P. capsici (PC strain). Higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrolyte leakage (REL) but lower antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, root activity, and proline content were observed in CaChiIV1-silenced plants than in control plants. In conclusion, CaChiIV1-silenced pepper plants displayed increased susceptibility to P. capsici infection due to changes in expression of defense-related genes, thus showing its coregulation affect in particular conditions. Furthermore, antioxidant enzymes and proline content were largely diminished in CaChiIV1-silenced plants. Therefore, this evidence suggests that the CaChiIV1 gene plays a prominent role in the defense mechanism of pepper plants against P. capsici infection. In the future, the potential role of the CaChiIV1 gene in defense regulatory pathways and its coregulation with other pathogen-related genes should be identified.
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Ali M, Luo DX, Khan A, Haq SU, Gai WX, Zhang HX, Cheng GX, Muhammad I, Gong ZH. Classification and Genome-Wide Analysis of Chitin-Binding Proteins Gene Family in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Transcriptional Regulation to Phytophthora capsici, Abiotic Stresses and Hormonal Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2216. [PMID: 30060631 PMCID: PMC6121964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin-binding proteins are pathogenesis-related gene family, which play a key role in the defense response of plants. However, thus far, little is known about the chitin-binding family genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In current study, 16 putative chitin genes (CaChi) were retrieved from the latest pepper genome database, and were classified into four distinct classes (I, III, IV and VI) based on their sequence structure and domain architectures. Furthermore, the structure of gene, genome location, gene duplication and phylogenetic relationship were examined to clarify a comprehensive background of the CaChi genes in pepper. The tissue-specific expression analysis of the CaChi showed the highest transcript levels in seed followed by stem, flower, leaf and root, whereas the lowest transcript levels were noted in red-fruit. Phytophthora capsici post inoculation, most of the CaChi (CaChiI3, CaChiIII1, CaChiIII2, CaChiIII4, CaChiIII6, CaChiIII7, CaChiIV1, CaChiVI1 and CaChiVI2) were induced by both strains (PC and HX-9). Under abiotic and exogenous hormonal treatments, the CaChiIII2, CaChiIII7, CaChiVI1 and CaChiVI2 were upregulated by abiotic stress, while CaChiI1, CaChiIII7, CaChiIV1 and CaChiIV2 responded to hormonal treatments. Furthermore, CaChiIV1-silenced plants display weakened defense by reducing (60%) root activity and increase susceptibility to NaCl stress. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that CaChi genes primarily contribute in response to biotic, abiotic stresses and metabolic/catabolic process within the biological process category. These results exposed that CaChi genes are involved in defense response and signal transduction, suggesting their vital roles in growth regulation as well as response to stresses in pepper plant. In conclusion, these finding provide basic insights for functional validation of the CaChi genes in different biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - De-Xu Luo
- Xuhuai Region Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Huaian 223001, China.
| | - Abid Khan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Saeed Ul Haq
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wen-Xian Gai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Huai-Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Guo-Xin Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Silva NC, Conceição JG, Ventury KE, De Sá LF, Oliveira EA, Santos IS, Gomes VM, Costa MN, Ferreira AT, Perales J, Xavier-Filho J, Fernandes KV, Oliveira AE. Soybean seed coat chitinase as a defense protein against the stored product pest Callosobruchus maculatus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1449-1456. [PMID: 29250895 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are enzymes involved in the breaking of the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages of chitin. In insects, chitin is present mainly in the cuticle and in peritrophic membranes and peritrophic gel. Enzymes with the potential to damage peritrophic membranes and gel, such as chitinase, have been associated with plant defense systems. Identification and characterization of seed coat chitinase as a plant defense molecule may indicate a more effective target for manipulation strategies, which may lead to the prevention of consumption of embryonic tissues by larvae and consequently minimization of seed damage. RESULTS We studied the efficiency of soybean seed coat chitinase as a defense molecule against the insect Callosobruchus maculatus. The seed coat chitinase was isolated and identified by mass spectrometry, immunoreacted with an anti-chitinase antibody and shown to have activity against chitin azure and 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotrioside. A chitinase fraction incorporated in artificial cotyledons at 0.1% reduced larval survival by approximately 77%, and at 0.5%, the reduction in larval mass was 60%. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled chitinase was detected in the guts and feces of larvae. At 25% in thick artificial seed coats, chitinase showed a high toxicity to larvae, with mortality of 90% and a reduction of larval mass of 87%. CONCLUSION Seed coat chitinase is an important seed defense molecule not only in the cotyledons but also in seed coats, acting as part of the array of defense mechanisms against Callosobruchus maculatus. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cm Silva
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jamile G Conceição
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kayan Eudorico Ventury
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fr De Sá
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ag Oliveira
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabela S Santos
- NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdirene M Gomes
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique N Costa
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro-Brazil (FIOCRUZ-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andre Ts Ferreira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro-Brazil (FIOCRUZ-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro-Brazil (FIOCRUZ-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jose Xavier-Filho
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Vs Fernandes
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonia Ea Oliveira
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Toufiq N, Tabassum B, Bhatti MU, Khan A, Tariq M, Shahid N, Nasir IA, Husnain T. Improved antifungal activity of barley derived chitinase I gene that overexpress a 32kDa recombinant chitinase in Escherichia coli host. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:414-421. [PMID: 29146152 PMCID: PMC5913832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural crops suffer many diseases, including fungal and bacterial infections, causing significant yield losses. The identification and characterisation of pathogenesis-related protein genes, such as chitinases, can lead to reduction in pathogen growth, thereby increasing tolerance against fungal pathogens. In the present study, the chitinase I gene was isolated from the genomic DNA of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar, Haider-93. The isolated DNA was used as template for the amplification of the ∼935bp full-length chitinase I gene. Based on the sequence of the amplified gene fragment, class I barley chitinase shares 93% amino acid sequence homology with class II wheat chitinase. Interestingly, barley class I chitinase and class II chitinase do not share sequence homology. Furthermore, the amplified fragment was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta strain under the control of T7 promoter in pET 30a vector. Recombinant chitinase protein of 35kDa exhibited highest expression at 0.5mM concentration of IPTG. Expressed recombinant protein of 35kDa was purified to homogeneity with affinity chromatography. Following purification, a Western blot assay for recombinant chitinase protein measuring 35kDa was developed with His-tag specific antibodies. The purified recombinant chitinase protein was demonstrated to inhibit significantly the important phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria solani, Fusarium spp, Rhizoctonia solani and Verticillium dahliae compared to the control at concentrations of 80μg and 200μg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Toufiq
- University of the Punjab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Baig Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- University of the Punjab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Baig Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Umar Bhatti
- University of the Punjab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Baig Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Khan
- University of the Punjab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Baig Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- University of the Punjab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Baig Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naila Shahid
- University of the Punjab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Baig Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- University of the Punjab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Baig Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- University of the Punjab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, Baig Lahore, Pakistan
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11
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Li P, Zhang B, Su T, Li P, Xin X, Wang W, Zhao X, Yu Y, Zhang D, Yu S, Zhang F. BrLAS, a GRAS Transcription Factor From Brassica rapa, Is Involved in Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1792. [PMID: 30574156 PMCID: PMC6291521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
GRAS proteins belong to a plant-specific transcription factor family and play roles in diverse physiological processes and environmental signals. In this study, we identified and characterized a GRAS transcription factor gene in Brassica rapa, BrLAS, an ortholog of Arabidopsis AtLAS. BrLAS was primarily expressed in the roots and axillary meristems, and localized exclusively in the nucleus of B. rapa protoplast cells. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that BrLAS was upregulated by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress treatment [polyethylene glycol (PEG), NaCl, and H2O2]. BrLAS-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited pleiotropic characteristics, including morphological changes, delayed bolting and flowering time, reduced fertility and delayed senescence. Transgenic plants also displayed significantly enhanced drought resistance with decreased accumulation of ROS and increased antioxidant enzyme activity under drought treatment compared with the wild-type. Increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA was also observed in the transgenic plants. qRT-PCR analysis further showed that expression of several genes involved in stress responses and associated with leaf senescence were also modified. These findings suggest that BrLAS encodes a stress-responsive GRASs transcription factor that positively regulates drought stress tolerance, suggesting a role in breeding programs aimed at improving drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Tongbing Su
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Peirong Li
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xin
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yangjun Yu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Deshuang Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuancang Yu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuancang Yu, Fenglan Zhang,
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuancang Yu, Fenglan Zhang,
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12
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Comparative analysis of constitutive proteome between resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes regarding to late blight. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 18:11-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Rawat S, Ali S, Mittra B, Grover A. Expression analysis of chitinase upon challenge inoculation to Alternaria wounding and defense inducers in Brassica juncea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:72-79. [PMID: 28352565 PMCID: PMC5361129 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Expression of chitinase gene was studied by RT-PCR in response to Alternaria brassicae. Chitinase gene is induced by Alternaria, wounding and by JA and not by SA. It shows the tissue specificity of the gene. Pathogen-inducible 2.5 kb chitinase class IV promoter was isolated from B. juncea by Genome Walking. Induction pattern of chitinase gene is also reflected in promoter validation studied in transgenic Arabidopsis leaf. This will help in using this promoter discretely in developing fungus resistant transgenic plants.
Chitinases are the hydrolytic enzymes which belong to the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein family and play an important role not only in plant defense but also in various abiotic stresses. However, only a limited number of chitinase genes have been characterised in B. juncea. In this study, we have characterised B. juncea class IV chitinase gene (accession no EF586206) in response to fungal infection, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) treatments and wounding. Gene expression studies revealed that the transcript levels of Bjchitinase (BjChp) gene increases significantly both in local and distal tissues after Alternaria infection. Bjchitinase gene was also induced by jasmonic acid and wounding but moderately by salicylic acid. A 2.5 kb class IV chitinase promoter of this gene was isolated from B. juncea by Genome walking (accession no KF055403.1). In-silico analysis of this promoter revealed a number of conserved cis-regulatory elements related to defense, wounding and signalling molecules like SA, and JA. For validation, chitinase promoter was fused to the GUS gene, and the resultant construct was then introduced into Arabidopsis plants. Histochemical analysis of T2 transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed that higher GUS activity in leaves after fungal infection, wounding and JA treatment but weakly by SA. GUS activity was seen in meristematic tissues, young leaves, seeds and siliques. Finally investigation has led to the identification of a pathogen-inducible, developmentally regulated and organ-specific promoter. Present study revealed that Bjchitinase (BjChp) promoter is induced during biotic and environmental stress and it can be used in developing finely tuned transgenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Rawat
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India; Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Orissa 756020, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bhabatosh Mittra
- Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Orissa 756020, India
| | - Anita Grover
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
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14
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Shanmugam A, Thamilarasan SK, Park JI, Jung MY, Nou IS. Characterization and abiotic stress-responsive expression analysis of SGT1 genes in Brassica oleracea. Genome 2016; 59:243-51. [PMID: 26966988 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SGT1 genes are involved in enhancing plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Brassica oleracea is known to contain two types of SGT1 genes, namely suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1 and suppressor of GCR2. In this study, through systematic analysis, four putative SGT1 genes were identified and characterized in B. oleracea. In phylogenetic analysis, the genes clearly formed separate groups, namely BolSGT1a, BolSGT1b (both suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1 types), and BolSGT1 (suppressor of GCR2). Functional domain analysis and organ-specific expression patterns suggested possible roles for BolSGT1 genes during stress conditions. BolSGT1 genes showed significant changes in expression in response to heat, cold, drought, salt, or ABA treatment. Interaction network analysis supported the expression analysis, and showed that the BolSGT1a and BolSGT1b genes are strongly associated with co-regulators during stress conditions. However, the BolSGT1 gene did not show any strong association. Hence, BolSGT1 might be a stress resistance-related gene that functions without a co-regulator. Our results show that BolSGT1 genes are potential target genes to improve B. oleracea resistance to abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, and salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokraj Shanmugam
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Senthil Kumar Thamilarasan
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Jung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
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15
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Pu Z, Ino Y, Kimura Y, Tago A, Shimizu M, Natsume S, Sano Y, Fujimoto R, Kaneko K, Shea DJ, Fukai E, Fuji SI, Hirano H, Okazaki K. Changes in the Proteome of Xylem Sap in Brassica oleracea in Response to Fusarium oxysporum Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:31. [PMID: 26870056 PMCID: PMC4734173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conlutinans (Foc) is a serious root-invading and xylem-colonizing fungus that causes yellowing in Brassica oleracea. To comprehensively understand the interaction between F. oxysporum and B. oleracea, composition of the xylem sap proteome of the non-infected and Foc-infected plants was investigated in both resistant and susceptible cultivars using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after in-solution digestion of xylem sap proteins. Whole genome sequencing of Foc was carried out and generated a predicted Foc protein database. The predicted Foc protein database was then combined with the public B. oleracea and B. rapa protein databases downloaded from Uniprot and used for protein identification. About 200 plant proteins were identified in the xylem sap of susceptible and resistant plants. Comparison between the non-infected and Foc-infected samples revealed that Foc infection causes changes to the protein composition in B. oleracea xylem sap where repressed proteins accounted for a greater proportion than those of induced in both the susceptible and resistant reactions. The analysis on the proteins with concentration change > = 2-fold indicated a large portion of up- and down-regulated proteins were those acting on carbohydrates. Proteins with leucine-rich repeats and legume lectin domains were mainly induced in both resistant and susceptible system, so was the case of thaumatins. Twenty-five Foc proteins were identified in the infected xylem sap and 10 of them were cysteine-containing secreted small proteins that are good candidates for virulence and/or avirulence effectors. The findings of differential response of protein contents in the xylem sap between the non-infected and Foc-infected samples as well as the Foc candidate effectors secreted in xylem provide valuable insights into B. oleracea-Foc interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Pu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City UniversityKanazawa, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City UniversityKanazawa, Japan
| | - Asumi Tago
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
| | - Motoki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
- Iwate Biotechnology Research CenterKitakami, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Sano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe UniversityKobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
| | - Daniel J. Shea
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
| | - Eigo Fukai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fuji
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural UniversityAkita, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City UniversityKanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Okazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Keiichi Okazaki
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16
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Alkooranee JT, Yin Y, Aledan TR, Jiang Y, Lu G, Wu J, Li M. Systemic Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Brassica napus (AACC) and Raphanus alboglabra (RRCC) by Trichoderma harzianum TH12. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142177. [PMID: 26540161 PMCID: PMC4634854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum TH12 is a microbial pesticide for certain rapeseed diseases. The mechanism of systemic resistance induced by TH12 or its cell-free culture filtrate (CF) in Brassica napus (AACC) and Raphanus alboglabra (RRCC) to powdery mildew disease caused by ascomycete Erysiphe cruciferarum was investigated. In this study, we conducted the first large-scale global study on the cellular and molecular aspects of B. napus and R. alboglabra infected with E. cruciferarum. The histological study showed the resistance of R. alboglabra to powdery mildew disease. The growth of fungal colonies was not observed on R. alboglabra leaves at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days post-inoculation (dpi), whereas this was clearly observed on B. napus leaves after 6 dpi. In addition, the gene expression of six plant defense-related genes, namely, PR-1, PR-2 (a marker for SA signaling), PR-3, PDF 1.2 (a marker for JA/ET signaling), CHI620, and CHI570, for both genotypes were analyzed in the leaves of B. napus and R. alboglabra after treatment with TH12 or CF and compared with the non-treated ones. The qRT-PCR results showed that the PR-1 and PR-2 expression levels increased in E. cruciferarum-infected leaves, but decreased in the TH12-treated leaves compared with leaves treated with CF. The expression levels of PR-3 and PDF1.2 decreased in plants infected by E. cruciferarum. However, expression levels increased when the leaves were treated with TH12. For the first time, we disclosed the nature of gene expression in B. napus and R. alboglabra to explore the resistance pathways in the leaves of both genotypes infected and non-infected by powdery mildew and inoculated or non-inoculated with elicitor factors. Results suggested that R. alboglabra exhibited resistance to powdery mildew disease, and the application of T. harzianum and its CF are a useful tool to facilitate new protection methods for resist or susceptible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawadayn Talib Alkooranee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tamarah Raad Aledan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfen Jiang
- Crops Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (GL); (ML)
| | - Jiangsheng Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- * E-mail: (GL); (ML)
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17
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Meng H, Wang Z, Meng X, Xie L, Huang B. Cloning and expression analysis of the chitinase gene Ifu-chit2 from Isaria fumosorosea. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:381-9. [PMID: 26500443 PMCID: PMC4612611 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738320150003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi can produce a series of chitinases, some of which function synergistically with proteases and other hydrolytic enzymes to degrade the insect cuticle. In the present study, the chitinase gene Ifu-chit2 from Isaria fumosorosea was investigated. The Ifu-chit2 gene is 1,435-bp long, interrupted by three short introns, and encodes a predicted protein of 423 amino acids with a 22 residue signal peptide. The predicted Ifu-Chit2 protein is highly homologous to Beauveria bassiana chitinase Bbchit2 and belongs to the glycohydrolase family 18. Ifu-Chit2 was expressed in Escherichia coli to verify chitinase activity, and the recombinant enzyme exhibited activity with a colloidal chitin substrate. Furthermore, the expression profiles of Ifu-chit2 were analyzed at different induction times under in vivo conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Ifu-chit2 expression peaked at two days post-induction. The expression of chitinase Ifu-chit2 in vivo suggests that the chitinase may play a role in the early stage of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhangxun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Teachers College, Anqing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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18
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Utilization of proteomics in experimental field conditions — A case study of poplars growing on grassland affected by long-term starch wastewater irrigation. J Proteomics 2015; 126:200-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Veluthakkal R, Dasgupta MG. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chitinase gene from the actinorhizal tree Casuarina equisetifolia in Nicotiana tabacum. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Su Y, Xu L, Wang S, Wang Z, Yang Y, Chen Y, Que Y. Identification, phylogeny, and transcript of chitinase family genes in sugarcane. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10708. [PMID: 26035173 PMCID: PMC4451799 DOI: 10.1038/srep10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are pathogensis-related proteins, which play an important role in plant defense mechanisms. The role of the sugarcane chitinase family genes remains unclear due to the highly heterozygous and aneuploidy chromosome genetic background of sugarcane. Ten differentially expressed chitinase genes (belonging to class I~VII) were obtained from RNA-seq analysis of both incompatible and compatible sugarcane genotypes during Sporisorium scitamineum challenge. Their structural properties and expression patterns were analyzed. Seven chitinases (ScChiI1, ScChiI2, ScChiI3, ScChiIII1, ScChiIII2, ScChiIV1 and ScChiVI1) showed more positive with early response and maintained increased transcripts in the incompatible interaction than those in the compatible one. Three (ScChiII1, ScChiV1 and ScChiVII1) seemed to have no significant difference in expression patterns between incompatible and compatible interactions. The ten chitinases were expressed differentially in response to hormone treatment as well as having distinct tissue specificity. ScChiI1, ScChiIV1 and ScChiVII1 were induced by various abiotic stresses (NaCl, CuCl2, PEG and 4 °C) and their involvement in plant immunity was demonstrated by over-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The results suggest that sugarcane chitinase family exhibit differential responses to biotic and abiotic stress, providing new insights into their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
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21
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Transgenic expression of plant chitinases to enhance disease resistance. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1719-32. [PMID: 23794096 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crop plants have evolved an array of mechanisms to counter biotic and abiotic stresses. Many pathogenesis-related proteins are expressed by plants during the attack of pathogens. Advances in recombinant DNA technology and understanding of plant-microbe interactions at the molecular level have paved the way for isolation and characterization of genes encoding such proteins, including chitinases. Chitinases are included in families 18 and 19 of glycosyl hydrolases (according to www.cazy.org ) and they are further categorized into seven major classes based on their aminoacid sequence homology, three-dimensional structures, and hydrolytic mechanisms of catalytic reactions. Although chitin is not a component of plant cell walls, plant chitinases are involved in development and non-specific stress responses. Also, chitinase genes sourced from plants have been successfully over-expressed in crop plants to combat fungal pathogens. Crops such as tomato, potato, maize, groundnut, mustard, finger millet, cotton, lychee, banana, grape, wheat and rice have been successfully engineered for fungal resistance either with chitinase alone or in combination with other PR proteins.
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22
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Ahmed NU, Park JI, Jung HJ, Kang KK, Hur Y, Lim YP, Nou IS. Molecular characterization of stress resistance-related chitinase genes of Brassica rapa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 58:106-115. [PMID: 22796900 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Brassica is an important vegetable group worldwide that is impacted by biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient approach to address these concerns. Inducible plant defense responses include the production of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and chitinases are very important PR proteins. We collected 30 chitinase like genes, three from our full-length cDNA library of Brassica rapa cv. Osome and 27 from Brassica databases. Sequence analysis and comparison study confirmed that they were all class I-V and VII chitinase genes. These genes also showed a high degree of homology with other biotic stress resistance-related plant chitinases. An organ-specific expression of these genes was observed and among these, seven genes showed significant responses after infection with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans in cabbage and sixteen genes showed responsive expression after abiotic stress treatments in Chinese cabbage. BrCLP1, 8, 10, 17 and 18 responded commonly after biotic and abiotic stress treatments indicating their higher potentials. Taken together, the results presented herein suggest that these chitinase genes may be useful resources in the development of stress resistant Brassica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
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