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Li JT, Jin SY, Hu J, Xu RX, Xu JN, Li ZM, Wang ML, Fu YW, Liao SH, Li XW, Chen YH, Gao TM, Yang JM. Astrocytes in the Ventral Hippocampus Bidirectionally Regulate Innate and Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Male Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400354. [PMID: 39120568 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms of anxiety disorders, the most common mental illness, remain incompletely characterized. The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) is critical for the expression of anxiety. However, current studies primarily focus on vHPC neurons, leaving the role for vHPC astrocytes in anxiety largely unexplored. Here, genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator GCaMP6m and in vivo fiber photometry calcium imaging are used to label vHPC astrocytes and monitor their activity, respectively, genetic and chemogenetic approaches to inhibit and activate vHPC astrocytes, respectively, patch-clamp recordings to measure glutamate currents, and behavioral assays to assess anxiety-like behaviors. It is found that vHPC astrocytic activity is increased in anxiogenic environments and by 3-d subacute restraint stress (SRS), a well-validated mouse model of anxiety disorders. Genetic inhibition of vHPC astrocytes exerts anxiolytic effects on both innate and SRS-induced anxiety-related behaviors, whereas hM3Dq-mediated chemogenetic or SRS-induced activation of vHPC astrocytes enhances anxiety-like behaviors, which are reversed by intra-vHPC application of the ionotropic glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists. Furthermore, intra-vHPC or systemic application of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine, a U.S. FDA-approved drug for Alzheimer's disease, fully rescues SRS-induced anxiety-like behaviors. The findings highlight vHPC astrocytes as critical regulators of stress and anxiety and as potential therapeutic targets for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shi-Yang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ru-Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jun-Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zi-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Meng-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shi-Han Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Jellinger AL, Suthard RL, Yuan B, Surets M, Ruesch EA, Caban AJ, Liu S, Shpokayte M, Ramirez S. Chronic activation of a negative engram induces behavioral and cellular abnormalities. eLife 2024; 13:RP96281. [PMID: 38990919 PMCID: PMC11239178 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Negative memories engage a brain and body-wide stress response in humans that can alter cognition and behavior. Prolonged stress responses induce maladaptive cellular, circuit, and systems-level changes that can lead to pathological brain states and corresponding disorders in which mood and memory are affected. However, it is unclear if repeated activation of cells processing negative memories induces similar phenotypes in mice. In this study, we used an activity-dependent tagging method to access neuronal ensembles and assess their molecular characteristics. Sequencing memory engrams in mice revealed that positive (male-to-female exposure) and negative (foot shock) cells upregulated genes linked to anti- and pro-inflammatory responses, respectively. To investigate the impact of persistent activation of negative engrams, we chemogenetically activated them in the ventral hippocampus over 3 months and conducted anxiety and memory-related tests. Negative engram activation increased anxiety behaviors in both 6- and 14-month-old mice, reduced spatial working memory in older mice, impaired fear extinction in younger mice, and heightened fear generalization in both age groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed changes in microglial and astrocytic structure and number in the hippocampus. In summary, repeated activation of negative memories induces lasting cellular and behavioral abnormalities in mice, offering insights into the negative effects of chronic negative thinking-like behaviors on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Jellinger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Rebecca L Suthard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Michelle Surets
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Evan A Ruesch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Albit J Caban
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Shawn Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Monika Shpokayte
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
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3
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Varghese SM, Patel S, Nandan A, Jose A, Ghosh S, Sah RK, Menon B, K V A, Chakravarty S. Unraveling the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5. [PMID: 38730081 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder characterized by persistent dysphoria, psychomotor retardation, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and a remarkable decrease in overall well-being. Despite the prevalence of accessible antidepressant therapies, many individuals do not achieve substantial improvement. Understanding the multifactorial pathophysiology and the heterogeneous nature of the disorder could lead the way toward better outcomes. Recent findings have elucidated the substantial impact of compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity on the manifestation of depression. BBB functions as an indispensable defense mechanism, tightly overseeing the transport of molecules from the periphery to preserve the integrity of the brain parenchyma. The dysfunction of the BBB has been implicated in a multitude of neurological disorders, and its disruption and consequent brain alterations could potentially serve as important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of depression. In this review, we extensively examine the pathophysiological relevance of the BBB and delve into the specific modifications of its components that underlie the complexities of depression. A particular focus has been placed on examining the effects of peripheral inflammation on the BBB in depression and elucidating the intricate interactions between the gut, BBB, and brain. Furthermore, this review encompasses significant updates on the assessment of BBB integrity and permeability, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic. Finally, we outline the therapeutic relevance and strategies based on BBB in depression, including COVID-19-associated BBB disruption and neuropsychiatric implications. Understanding the comprehensive pathogenic cascade of depression is crucial for shaping the trajectory of future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamili Mariya Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Flynn LT, Gao WJ. DNA methylation and the opposing NMDAR dysfunction in schizophrenia and major depression disorders: a converging model for the therapeutic effects of psychedelic compounds in the treatment of psychiatric illness. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4553-4567. [PMID: 37679470 PMCID: PMC11034997 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds are being increasingly explored as a potential therapeutic option for treating several psychiatric conditions, despite relatively little being known about their mechanism of action. One such possible mechanism, DNA methylation, is a process of epigenetic regulation that changes gene expression via chemical modification of nitrogenous bases. DNA methylation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). In this review, we propose alterations to DNA methylation as a converging model for the therapeutic effects of psychedelic compounds, highlighting the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a crucial mediator of synaptic plasticity with known dysfunction in both diseases, as an example and anchoring point. We review the established evidence relating aberrant DNA methylation to NMDAR dysfunction in SZ and MDD and provide a model asserting that psychedelic substances may act through an epigenetic mechanism to provide therapeutic effects in the context of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Taylor Flynn
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- MD/PhD program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Kamte YS, Chandwani MN, London NM, Potosnak CE, Leak RK, O'Donnell LA. Perturbations in neural stem cell function during a neurotropic viral infection in juvenile mice. J Neurochem 2023; 166:809-829. [PMID: 37530081 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) often cause worse neurological outcomes in younger hosts. Throughout childhood, the brain undergoes extensive development and refinement to produce functional neural networks. Network function is maintained partly with the help of neural stem cells (NSCs) that replace neuronal and glia subtypes in the two neurogenic niches of the brain (the hippocampus and subventricular zone). Accumulating evidence suggests that viruses disrupt NSC function in adulthood and infancy, but the in vivo impact of childhood infections on acute and long-term NSC function is unknown. Using a juvenile mouse model of measles virus (MeV) infection, where only mature neurons in the brain are infected, we defined the effects of the antiviral immune response on NSCs from juvenile to adult stages of life. We found that (a) virus persists in the brains of survivors despite an anti-viral immune response; (b) NSC numbers decrease dramatically during early infection, but ultimately stabilize in adult survivors; (c) infection is associated with mild apoptosis throughout the juvenile brain, but NSC proliferation is unchanged; (d) the loss of NSC numbers is dependent upon the stage of NSC differentiation; and (e) immature neurons increase early during infection, concurrent with depletion of NSC pools. Collectively, we show that NSCs are exquisitely sensitive to the inflammatory microenvironment created during neuron-restricted MeV infection in juveniles, responding with an early loss of NSCs but increased neurogenesis. These studies provide insight into potential cellular mechanisms associated with long-term neurological deficits in survivors of childhood CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika S Kamte
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manisha N Chandwani
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalie M London
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chloe E Potosnak
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren A O'Donnell
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Wright CJ, Milosavljevic S, Pocivavsek A. The stress of losing sleep: Sex-specific neurobiological outcomes. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 24:100543. [PMID: 37252645 PMCID: PMC10209346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a vital and evolutionarily conserved process, critical to daily functioning and homeostatic balance. Losing sleep is inherently stressful and leads to numerous detrimental physiological outcomes. Despite sleep disturbances affecting everyone, women and female rodents are often excluded or underrepresented in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Advancing our understanding of the role of biological sex in the responses to sleep loss stands to greatly improve our ability to understand and treat health consequences of insufficient sleep. As such, this review discusses sex differences in response to sleep deprivation, with a focus on the sympathetic nervous system stress response and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We review sex differences in several stress-related consequences of sleep loss, including inflammation, learning and memory deficits, and mood related changes. Focusing on women's health, we discuss the effects of sleep deprivation during the peripartum period. In closing, we present neurobiological mechanisms, including the contribution of sex hormones, orexins, circadian timing systems, and astrocytic neuromodulation, that may underlie potential sex differences in sleep deprivation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Snezana Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ana Pocivavsek
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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7
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Tang Y, Wang H, Nie K, Gao Y, Su H, Wang Z, Lu F, Huang W, Dong H. Traditional herbal formula Jiao-tai-wan improves chronic restrain stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113284. [PMID: 35717786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) has been often used to treat insomnia and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies found its antidepressant activity, but the related mechanism is not clear. This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of JTW on chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depression mice and explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS CRS was used to set up a depression model. Mice in different groups were treated with 0.9 % saline, JTW and fluoxetine. After the last day of CRS, the behavioral tests were conducted. The levels of neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines and HPA axis index were detected and the protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome complex were determined. H&E, NISSL, TUNEL and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe histopathological changes and the activation of microglia and astrocytes. The potential mechanisms were explored via network pharmacology and verified by Western blot. RESULTS The assessment of liver and kidney function showed that JTW was non-toxic. Behavioral tests proved that JTW can effectively ameliorate depression-like symptoms in CRS mice, which may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. JTW can also improve the inflammatory state and HPA axis hyperactivity in mice, and has a protective effect on CRS-induced hippocampal neurons damage. The network pharmacology analysis and the results of Western blot suggested that the antidepressant effects of JTW may be related to the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that JTW may exert antidepressant effects in CRS-induced mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improving inflammatory state, and MAPK signaling pathway may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Tsutsumi T, Ino M, Shimizu Y, Kawabata K, Nishi H, Tokumura A. Altered plasma levels of lysophospholipids in response to adrenalectomy of rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106579. [PMID: 34245896 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of reduced stress hormone by adrenalectomy on rat plasma levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and other lysophospholipids. We measured activities of lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) in plasma and lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP) in blood by determining choline and inorganic phosphate, respectively. LPA, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) and lysophosphatodylglycerol were quantified by LC-MS/MS. In adrenalectomized rats, plasma levels of LPA, LPE, LPS and LPI, but not LPC, were increased. The increased level of LPA were due to decreased LPC level, increases plasma activity of lysoPLD toward LPC and decreased LPP activity toward LPA. Daily injections of deoxycoricosterone into rats selectively reversed increased level of LPS. Our results suggest enzymatic mechanism for increased plasma level of LPA, and indicate that the circulating levels of lysophospholipids including LPA in rats are differently affected by artificial suppression of release of adrenergic hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan
| | - Masaki Ino
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawabata
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 13-6-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 13-6-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 13-6-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
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9
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Sethi P, Virmani G, Gupta K, Thumu SCR, Ramanan N, Marathe S. Automated morphometric analysis with SMorph software reveals plasticity induced by antidepressant therapy in hippocampal astrocytes. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258430. [PMID: 34137444 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous system development and plasticity involve changes in cellular morphology, making morphological analysis a valuable exercise in the study of nervous system development, function and disease. Morphological analysis is a time-consuming exercise requiring meticulous manual tracing of cellular contours and extensions. We have developed a software tool, called SMorph, to rapidly analyze the morphology of cells of the nervous system. SMorph performs completely automated Sholl analysis. It extracts 23 morphometric features based on cell images and Sholl analysis parameters, followed by principal component analysis (PCA). SMorph was tested on neurons, astrocytes and microglia and reveals subtle changes in cell morphology. Using SMorph, we found that chronic 21-day treatment with the antidepressant desipramine results in a significant structural remodeling in hippocampal astrocytes in mice. Given the proposed involvement of astroglial structural changes and atrophy in major depression in humans, our results reveal a novel kind of structural plasticity induced by chronic antidepressant administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sethi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India560012
| | - Garima Virmani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India560012
| | - Kushaan Gupta
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India560012
| | | | | | - Swananda Marathe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India560012
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Virmani G, D'almeida P, Nandi A, Marathe S. Subfield-specific effects of chronic mild unpredictable stress on hippocampal astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5730-5746. [PMID: 33866634 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness affecting over 20% of the population worldwide. Despite its prevalence, our understanding of its pathophysiology is severely limited, thus hampering the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent advances have clearly established astrocytes as major players in the pathophysiology, and plausibly pathogenesis, of major depression. In particular, astrocyte density in the hippocampus is severely diminished in MDD patients and correlates strongly with the disease outcome. Moreover, astrocyte densities from different subfields of the hippocampus show varying trends in terms of their correlation to the disease outcome. Given the central role that hippocampus plays in the pathophysiology of depression and in the action of antidepressant drugs, changes in hippocampal astrocyte density and physiology may have a significant effect on behavioral symptoms of MDD. In this study, we used chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMUS) in mice, which induces a depressive-like state, and examined its effects on astrocytes from different subfields of the hippocampus. We used SOX9 and S100β immunostaining to estimate the number of astrocytes per square millimeter from various hippocampal subfields. Furthermore, using confocal images of fluorescently labeled glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunopositive hippocampal astrocytes, we quantified various morphology-related parameters and performed Sholl analysis. We found that CMUS exerts differential effects on astrocyte cell numbers, ramification, cell radius, surface area, and process width of hippocampal astrocytes from different hippocampal subfields. Taken together, our study reveals that chronic stress does not uniformly affect all hippocampal astrocytes; but exerts its effects differentially on different astrocytic subpopulations within the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Virmani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyal D'almeida
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Arnab Nandi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Swananda Marathe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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11
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Chuang HG, Aziz NHA, Wong JH, Mustapha M, Abdullah JM, Idris Z, Abdullah Z, Alrafiah A, Muthuraju S. Role of toll-like receptor 4 antagonist Lipopolysaccharide-Rhodobacter sphaeroides on acute stress-induced voluntary ethanol preference and drinking behaviour: In vivo Swiss Albino mouse model. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 45:59-72. [PMID: 32014377 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on investigating the effect of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist Lipopolysaccharide-Rhodobacter sphaeroides(LPS-RS) on acute, stress-induced voluntary ethanol preference and drinking behaviour, neuronal components activation, and gene expression associated with stress and addictive behaviour. This study involved the exposure of restraint stress and social isolation using Swiss Albino mice. Two-bottle choice ethanol preference analysis was used in the evaluation of voluntary ethanol seeking and drinking behaviour. Several behavioural assessments were carried out to assess fear and anxiety-like behaviour, neuromuscular ability, motor coordination and locomotion. Morphological and immunoreactivity analysis and gene expression analysis were done after the completion of behavioural assessments. TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS treated stressed-mice showed a significant decrease in ethanol drinking compared with stressed mice. Behavioural results showed that stress exposure induced fear and anxiety-like behaviour; however; no significant deficit was found on motor coordination, neuromuscular ability, locomotion and exploratory behaviour among groups. Morphological analysis showed no significant change in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus among all groups, while immunoreactivity analysis showed higher expression of c-Fos in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, higher TLR4 expression in the prefrontal cortex and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampus among stressed-animals. Stressed-mice also showed significant increase in TLR4, Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-kB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) and opioid receptor MU-1 (OPRM-1) genes expression compared with control and LPS-RS treated stressed-mice. As a conclusion, the antagonism of TLR4 could provide therapeutic value in the treatment of stress-induced addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei Gau Chuang
- Integrated Neuroscience Program (INP), Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Neurosciences, Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - NurNaznee Hirni Abd Aziz
- Integrated Neuroscience Program (INP), Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Neurosciences, Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hui Wong
- Integrated Neuroscience Program (INP), Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Neurosciences, Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Integrated Neuroscience Program (INP), Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Neurosciences, Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Integrated Neuroscience Program (INP), Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Neurosciences, Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Integrated Neuroscience Program (INP), Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Neurosciences, Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zuraidah Abdullah
- Biomedicine Program, School of Health Science, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Aziza Alrafiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sangu Muthuraju
- Integrated Neuroscience Program (INP), Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Neurosciences, Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston 77240, TX, USA.
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12
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Filipović D, Perić I, Costina V, Stanisavljević A, Gass P, Findeisen P. Social isolation stress-resilient rats reveal energy shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in hippocampal nonsynaptic mitochondria. Life Sci 2020; 254:117790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Machado DG, Lara MVS, Dobler PB, Almeida RF, Porciúncula LO. Caffeine prevents neurodegeneration and behavioral alterations in a mice model of agitated depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109776. [PMID: 31707092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal and some experimental studies have showed the potential of caffeine to counteract some depressive behaviors and synaptic dysfunctions. In this study, we investigated the potential of caffeine in preventing behavioral outcomes, neurodegeneration and synaptic proteins alterations in a mice model of agitated depression by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OB). For this purpose, bulbectomized mice received caffeine (0.3 g/L and 1.0 g/L, drinking water), during the active cycle, for seven weeks (two before the surgery and throughout five weeks after OB). Caffeine prevented OB-induced hyperactivity and recognition memory impairment and rescue self care and motivational behavior. In the frontal cortex, bulbectomized mice presented increase in the adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) and GFAP, while adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) increased in the hippocampus and striatum and SNAP-25 was decreased in frontal cortex and striatum. Caffeine increased A1R in the striatum of bulbectomized mice and in SHAM-water group caffeine increased A2AR in the striatum and decreased SNAP-25 in the frontal cortex. Astrogliosis observed in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus of OB mice was prevented by caffeine as well as the neurodegeneration in the striatum and piriform cortex. Based on these behavioral and neurochemical evidences, caffeine confirms its efficacy in preventing neurodegeneration associated with memory impairment and may be considered as a promising therapeutic tool in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guilhermano Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035 003, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Vinicius Soares Lara
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035 003, Brazil
| | - Paula Bruna Dobler
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035 003, Brazil
| | - Roberto Farina Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035 003, Brazil.
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14
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Stress Elicits Contrasting Effects on the Structure and Number of Astrocytes in the Amygdala versus Hippocampus. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0338-18. [PMID: 30783612 PMCID: PMC6378323 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0338-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress causes divergent patterns of structural and physiological plasticity in the hippocampus versus amygdala. However, a majority of earlier studies focused primarily on neurons. Despite growing evidence for the importance of glia in health and disease, relatively little is known about how stress affects astrocytes. Further, previous work focused on hippocampal astrocytes. Hence, we examined the impact of chronic immobilization stress (2 h/d, 10 d), on the number and structure of astrocytes in the rat hippocampus and amygdala. We observed a reduction in the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes in the basal amygdala (BA), 1 d after the end of 10 d of chronic stress. Detailed morphometric analysis of individual dye-filled astrocytes also revealed a decrease in the neuropil volume occupied by these astrocytes in the BA, alongside a reduction in the volume fraction of fine astrocytic protrusions rather than larger dendrite-like processes. By contrast, the same chronic stress had no effect on the number or morphology of astrocytes in hippocampal area CA3. We also confirmed previous reports that chronic stress triggers dendritic hypertrophy in dye-filled BA principal neurons that were located adjacent to astrocytes that had undergone atrophy. Thus, building on earlier evidence for contrasting patterns of stress-induced plasticity in neurons across brain areas, our findings offer new evidence that the same stress can also elicit divergent morphological effects in astrocytes in the hippocampus versus the amygdala.
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15
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Marchette RCN, Bicca MA, Santos ECDS, de Lima TCM. Distinctive stress sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior in female mice: Strain differences matter. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:55-63. [PMID: 30450373 PMCID: PMC6234269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that the prevalence of stress-related mood disorders is higher in women, which suggests a different response of neuroendocrine circuits involved in the response to stressful events, as well as a genetic background influence. The aim of this study was to investigate the baseline differences in anxiety-like behaviors of females of two commonly used mice strains. Secondly, we have also aimed to study their behavioral and biochemical alterations following stress. Naïve 3-4 months-old Swiss and C57BL/6 female mice were evaluated in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and in the acoustic startle response (ASR) for anxiety-like behaviors. Besides, an independent group of animals from each strain was exposed to cold-restraint stress (30 min/4 °C, daily) for 21 consecutive days and then evaluated in EPM and in the sucrose consumption tests. Twenty-four hours following behavioral experimentation mice were decapitated and their hippocampi (HP) and cortex (CT) dissected for further Western blotting analysis of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Subsequent to each behavioral protocol, animal blood samples were collected for further plasma corticosterone analysis. C57BL/6 presented a lower anxiety profile than Swiss female mice in both behavioral tests, EPM and ASR. These phenomena could be correlated with the fact that both strains have distinct corticosterone levels and GR expression in the HP at the baseline level. Moreover, C57BL/6 female mice were more vulnerable to the stress protocol, which was able to induce an anhedonic state characterized by lower preference for a sucrose solution. Behavioral anhedonic-like alterations in these animals coincide with reduced plasma corticosterone accompanied with increased GR and GFAP levels, both in the HP. Our data suggest that in C57BL/6 female mice a dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) occurs, in which corticosterone acting on GRs would possibly exert its pro-inflammatory role, ultimately leading to astrocyte activation in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thereza Christina Monteiro de Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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16
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Asghari A, Hosseini M, Beheshti F, Shafei MN, Mehri S. Inducible nitric oxide inhibitor aminoguanidine, ameliorated oxidative stress, interleukin-6 concentration and improved brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the brain tissues of neonates born from titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposed rats. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:3962-3973. [PMID: 29788817 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1480602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: An interaction between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to have a role neurotoxicity. The aim of current research was to investigate the effect of aminoguanidine (AG) as an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), oxidative stress, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in the brain tissues of neonates born from the rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) during gestation. Methods: The pregnant rats were grouped into three and received: (1) saline, (2) TiO2 (200 mg/kg, gavage), and (3) TiO2-AG [200 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP)]. The treatment was started since the second gestation day up to the delivery time. The neonates born from the rats were deeply anesthetized, sacrificed, and the brains were collected for biochemical evaluations. Results: The neonates born from the rats exposed to TiO2 showed a lower BDNF (p < .001) but a higher IL-6 (p < .01) concentrations in their hippocampal tissue. TiO2 exposure also increased malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < .001) and NO metabolites (p < .001), while diminished thiol (p < .001), superoxide (SOD) (p < .001), and catalase (CAT) (p < .001) in all hippocampal, cortical, and cerebellar tissues. Administration of AG improved BDNF (p < .01) but attenuated IL-6 (p < .01) concentrations in the hippocampal tissue. AG also decreased MDA (p < .001) and NO metabolites (p < .01-p < .001), while increased thiol (p < .01-p < .001), SOD (p < .001), and CAT (p < .05-p < .001) in all cerebellar, hippocampal, cortical, and tissues. Conclusion: The results of the current research revealed that iNOS inhibitor AG, ameliorated oxidative stress, IL-6 concentration, and improved BDNF in the brain tissues of neonates born from TiO2 NPs exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Asghari
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Department of Basic Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences , Torbat Heydariyeh , Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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17
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Arora V, Martin TJ, Aschenbrenner CA, Hayashida K, Kim SA, Parker RA, Eisenach JC, Peters CM. Psychosocial Stress Delays Recovery of Postoperative Pain Following Incisional Surgery in the Rat. Neuroscience 2018; 382:35-47. [PMID: 29694918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors such as anxiety, depression and catastrophizing, commonly associated with established chronic pain, also may be associated with an increased risk of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) when present preoperatively. We used a repeat social defeat (RSD) paradigm to induce psychosocial stress in rodents prior to incisional surgery of the paw. Mixed effects growth curve models were utilized to examine resolution of mechanical hypersensitivity in rats for four weeks following surgery. Eight days following surgery, immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine glial activation as well as evoked neuronal activation in the spinal cord. Here we document that RSD resulted in reduced weight gain and increased depressive symptoms prior to surgery. Rats exposed to RSD displayed delayed resolution of mechanical hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral paw following surgery compared to non-defeated rats. Prior exposure to RSD significantly increased microglial activation and neuronal sensitization (pERK-IR) within the ipsilateral spinal cord. In conclusion, we found that chronic social stress alters the neurobiological response to surgical injury, resulting in slowed recovery. This model maybe useful for future interventional studies examining the mechanistic interactions between depression and risk of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Arora
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas J Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Pharmacology, WFSM, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Aschenbrenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kenichiro Hayashida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Susy A Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Renee A Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James C Eisenach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Pharmacology, WFSM, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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18
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O'Sullivan SA, O'Sullivan C, Healy LM, Dev KK, Sheridan GK. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors regulate TLR4-induced CXCL5 release from astrocytes and microglia. J Neurochem 2018; 144:736-747. [PMID: 29377126 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PR) are G protein-coupled and compose a family with five subtypes, S1P1R-S1P5R. The drug Gilenya® (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) (Fingolimod; FTY720) targets S1PRs and was the first oral therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). The phosphorylated form of FTY720 (pFTY720) binds S1PRs causing initial agonism, then subsequent receptor internalization and functional antagonism. Internalization of S1P1R attenuates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes, limiting aberrant immune function in MS. pFTY720 also exerts direct actions on neurons and glial cells which express S1PRs. In this study, we investigated the regulation of pro-inflammatory chemokine release by S1PRs in enriched astrocytes and microglial cultures. Astrocytes and microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increases in C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), also known as LIX (lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine) expression were quantified. Results showed that pFTY720 attenuated LPS-induced CXCL5 (LIX) protein release from astrocytes, as did the S1P1R selective agonist, SEW2871. In addition, pFTY720 blocked messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcription of the chemokines, (i) CXCL5/LIX, (ii) C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) also known as interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) and (iii) chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). Interestingly, inhibition of sphingosine kinase attenuated LPS-induced increases in mRNA levels of all three chemokines, suggesting that LPS-TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) signalling may enhance chemokine expression via S1P-S1PR transactivation. Lastly, these observations were not limited to astrocytes since we also found that pFTY720 attenuated LPS-induced release of CXCL5 from microglia. These data highlight a role for S1PR signalling in regulating the levels of chemokines in glial cells and support the notion that pFTY720 efficacy in multiple sclerosis may involve the direct modulation of astrocytes and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead A O'Sullivan
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Luke M Healy
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham K Sheridan
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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19
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Luarte A, Cisternas P, Caviedes A, Batiz LF, Lafourcade C, Wyneken U, Henzi R. Astrocytes at the Hub of the Stress Response: Potential Modulation of Neurogenesis by miRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1719050. [PMID: 29081809 PMCID: PMC5610870 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1719050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive stress negatively affects several brain functions and neuronal networks. Moreover, adult neurogenesis is consistently impaired in chronic stress models and in associated human diseases such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, while it is restored by effective antidepressant treatments. The adult neurogenic niche contains neural progenitor cells in addition to amplifying progenitors, neuroblasts, immature and mature neurons, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells. Because of their particular and crucial position, with their end feet enwrapping endothelial cells and their close communication with the cells of the niche, astrocytes might constitute a nodal point to bridge or transduce systemic stress signals from peripheral blood, such as glucocorticoids, to the cells involved in the neurogenic process. It has been proposed that communication between astrocytes and niche cells depends on direct cell-cell contacts and soluble mediators. In addition, new evidence suggests that this communication might be mediated by extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, and in particular, by their miRNA cargo. Here, we address some of the latest findings regarding the impact of stress in the biology of the neurogenic niche, and postulate how astrocytic exosomes (and miRNAs) may play a fundamental role in such phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Luarte
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cisternas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Caviedes
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Batiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Lafourcade
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Henzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Chen L, Wang X, Lin ZX, Dai JG, Huang YF, Zhao YN. Preventive Effects of Ginseng Total Saponins on Chronic Corticosterone-Induced Impairment in Astrocyte Structural Plasticity and Hippocampal Atrophy. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1341-1348. [PMID: 28656606 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To further explore the underlying antidepressant mechanism of ginseng total saponins (GTS), this study observed the effects on hippocampal astrocyte structural plasticity and hippocampal volume in the corticosterone-induced mouse depression model. Corticosterone (20 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously for 5 weeks, and GTS (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day; namely GTSL, GTSM, and GTSH) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) were given intragastrically during the last 3 weeks. On day 33 and day 34, depression-like behavior was observed via a forced swimming test and a tail suspension test, respectively. At 6 h after the last dose of corticosterone (day 35), all mice were sacrificed followed by serum corticosterone assays, stereological analysis of hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+ ) astroctyes and hippocampal volume, and hippocampal glycogen tests. Results showed that all doses of GTS ameliorated depression-like behavior and the decrease in hippocampal glycogen without normalizing hypercortisolism. Moreover, GTSH and GTSM reversed the corticosterone-induced reduction in the total number of hippocampal GFAP+ astrocytes and hippocampal volume. Additionally, GTSH alleviated the diminished protrusion length and somal volume of GFAP+ astrocytes induced by corticosterone. These findings imply that the effects of GTS on corticosterone-induced depression-like behavior may be mediated partly through the protection to hippocampal astrocyte structural plasticity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Lin
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Nan Zhao
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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21
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Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Effects of Chronic Neurogenic Stress on Behavior of Rats and Contents of Sphingolipids in Their Brain and Peripheral Tissues. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-017-9608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Bender CL, Calfa GD, Molina VA. Astrocyte plasticity induced by emotional stress: A new partner in psychiatric physiopathology? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:68-77. [PMID: 26320029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that astrocytes play a pivotal role in the normal functioning of the nervous system. This new conceptual framework has set the groundwork to be able to hypothesize that astrocytes could underlie signs and symptoms of mental diseases. Stress is a major risk factor in the etiology of several psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety disorders and depression. Hence, understanding the effects of stress on astrocytes and how these changes contribute to the development of psychiatric endophenotypes is crucial for both a better comprehension of mental illness and for potential targeted treatment of stress-related mental disorders. Here, we describe the currently used approaches and recent evidence showing astrocyte alterations induced by chronic and acute stress in animals. In addition, the relevance of these changes in stress-induced behavioral sequelae and human data linking astrocytes with neuropsychiatric disorders related to stress are also discussed. All together, the data indicate that astrocytes are also an important target of stress, with both chronic and acute stressors being able to alter the morphology or the expression of several astrocyte specific proteins in brain areas that are known to play a critical role in emotional processing, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Furthermore, different lines of evidences suggest that these changes may contribute, at less in part, to the behavioral consequences of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crhistian L Bender
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gaston D Calfa
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor A Molina
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina
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Champeil-Potokar G, Hennebelle M, Latour A, Vancassel S, Denis I. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents corticosterone-induced changes in astrocyte morphology and function. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1155-1167. [PMID: 26709611 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The many functions of astrocytes, such as glutamate recycling and morphological plasticity, enable them to stabilize synapses environment and protect neurons. Little is known about how they adapt to glucocorticoid-induced stress, and even less about the influence of dietary factors. We previously showed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA), dietary fats which alleviate stress responses, influence the way astroglia regulate glutamatergic synapses. We have explored the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main ω3PUFA, in the astroglial responses to corticosterone, the main stress hormone in rodents to determine whether ω3PUFA help astrocytes resist stress. Cultured rat astrocytes were enriched in DHA or arachidonic acid (AA, the main ω6PUFA) and given 100 nM corticosterone for several days. Corticosterone stimulated astrocyte glutamate recycling by increasing glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase (GS), and altered the astrocyte cytoskeleton. DHA-enriched astrocytes no longer responded to the action of corticosterone on glutamate uptake, had decreased GS, and the cytoskeletal effect of corticosterone was delayed, while AA-enriched cells were unaffected. The DHA-dependent anti-corticosterone effect was related to fewer glucocorticoid receptors, while corticosterone increased DHA incorporation into astrocyte membranes. Thus, DHA helps astrocytes resist the influence of corticosterone, so perhaps promoting a sustainable response by the stressed brain. We show that corticosterone increases the glutamate recycling capacity of rat cortical astrocytes in culture, and alters their morphology, which may be detrimental in the long term. Increasing the membrane incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main omega-3 in brain, reduces the amount of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and prevents the effects of corticosterone. This may help the astrocytes maintain a functional phenotype in chronic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alizée Latour
- INRA, Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales U0902 NURELICE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, NutriNeurO UMR INRA 1286, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- INRA, Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction U1197 NBO, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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25
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Sántha P, Veszelka S, Hoyk Z, Mészáros M, Walter FR, Tóth AE, Kiss L, Kincses A, Oláh Z, Seprényi G, Rákhely G, Dér A, Pákáski M, Kálmán J, Kittel Á, Deli MA. Restraint Stress-Induced Morphological Changes at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Adult Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 8:88. [PMID: 26834555 PMCID: PMC4712270 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is well-known to contribute to the development of both neurological and psychiatric diseases. While the role of the blood-brain barrier is increasingly recognized in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier has been linked to stress-related psychiatric diseases only recently. In the present study the effects of restraint stress with different duration (1, 3, and 21 days) were investigated on the morphology of the blood-brain barrier in male adult Wistar rats. Frontal cortex and hippocampus sections were immunostained for markers of brain endothelial cells (claudin-5, occluding, and glucose transporter-1) and astroglia (GFAP). Staining pattern and intensity were visualized by confocal microscopy and evaluated by several types of image analysis. The ultrastructure of brain capillaries was investigated by electron microscopy. Morphological changes and intensity alterations in brain endothelial tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin were induced by stress. Following restraint stress significant increases in the fluorescence intensity of glucose transporter-1 were detected in brain endothelial cells in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant reductions in GFAP fluorescence intensity were observed in the frontal cortex in all stress groups. As observed by electron microscopy, 1-day acute stress induced morphological changes indicating damage in capillary endothelial cells in both brain regions. After 21 days of stress thicker and irregular capillary basal membranes in the hippocampus and edema in astrocytes in both regions were seen. These findings indicate that stress exerts time-dependent changes in the staining pattern of tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, and glucose transporter-1 at the level of brain capillaries and in the ultrastructure of brain endothelial cells and astroglial endfeet, which may contribute to neurodegenerative processes, cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sántha
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hoyk
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Mészáros
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea E Tóth
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- Biomolecular Electronics Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zita Oláh
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Seprényi
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Dér
- Biomolecular Electronics Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Pákáski
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Kálmán
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Brain membrane lipids in major depression and anxiety disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1052-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Jadhav S, Greenberg ML. Harnessing the power of yeast to elucidate the role of sphingolipids in metabolic and signaling processes pertinent to psychiatric disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:533-551. [PMID: 25750665 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders is hampered by the lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pathologies. While aberrant sphingolipid metabolism is associated with psychiatric illness, the role of sphingolipids in these disorders is not understood. The genetically tractable yeast model can be exploited in order to elucidate the cellular consequences of sphingolipid perturbation. Hypotheses generated from studies in yeast and tested in mammalian cells may contribute to our understanding of the role of sphingolipids in psychiatric disorders and to the development of new treatments. Here, we compare sphingolipid metabolism in yeast and mammalian cells, discuss studies implicating sphingolipids in psychiatric disorders and propose approaches that utilize yeast in order to elucidate sphingolipid function and identify drugs that target sphingolipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamalagauri Jadhav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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28
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Hennebelle M, Champeil-Potokar G, Lavialle M, Vancassel S, Denis I. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and chronic stress-induced modulations of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:99-112. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Gaëlle Champeil-Potokar
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| | - Monique Lavialle
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée; UMR1286; Bordeaux France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
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29
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O'Sullivan C, Dev KK. The structure and function of the S1P1 receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:401-12. [PMID: 23763867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1PRs) belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). S1PRs are widely expressed on many cell types, including those of the immune, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. The S1PR family is rapidly gaining attention as an important mediator of many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, migration, survival, angiogenesis, calcium homeostasis, inflammation and immunity. Importantly, S1PRs are known drug targets for multiple sclerosis (MS), for which the newly developed oral therapy fingolimod, an S1PR modulator, has recently been approved for clinical use. Much progress has also recently been made in the field of structural biology and in the modeling of heterotrimeric GPCRs allowing the crystal structure of the S1PR1 subtype to be elucidated and key interactions defined. Here, we outline the structure and function of S1PR1, highlighting the key residues involved in receptor activation, signaling, transmembrane interactions, ligand binding, post-translational modification, and protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O'Sullivan
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Mühle C, Reichel M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J. Sphingolipids in psychiatric disorders and pain syndromes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:431-456. [PMID: 23563670 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1511-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence and devastating impact of psychiatric disorders, little is known about their etiopathology. In this review, we provide an overview on the participation of sphingolipids and enzymes responsible for their metabolism in mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders. We focus on the pathway from sphingomyelin to proapoptotic ceramide and the subsequent metabolism of ceramide to sphingosine, which is in turn phosphorylated to yield anti-apoptotic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).The sphingomyelinase/ceramide system has been linked to effects of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system as well as to synaptic transmission. Compared to ubiquitously expressed acid sphingomyelinase, acid and neutral ceramidase and neutral sphingomyelinase are highly active in brain regions. Depressed patients show elevated plasma ceramide levels and increased activities of acid sphingomyelinase which is functionally inhibited by many anti-depressive drugs. Exposure to alcohol is associated with an activation of acid and neutral sphingomyelinase observed in cell culture, mouse models and in alcohol-dependent patients and with increased concentrations of ceramide in various organs.Levels of sphingomyelin and ceramide are altered in erythrocytes and post-mortem brain tissues of schizophrenic patients in addition to changes in expression patterns for serine palmitoyltransferase and acid ceramidase leading to impaired myelination. After induction of anxiety-like behavior in animal models, higher serum levels of S1P were reported to lead to neurodegeneration. Correspondingly, S1P infusion appeared to increase anxiety-like behavior. Significantly upregulated levels of the endogenous ceramide catabolite N,N-dimethylsphingosine were observed in rat models of allodynia. Conversely, rats injected intrathecally with N,N-dimethylsphingosine developed mechanical allodynia. Moreover, S1P has been implicated in spinal nociceptive processing.The increasing interest in lipidomics and improved analytical methods led to growing insight into the connection between psychiatric and neurological disorders and sphingolipid metabolism and may once provide new targets and strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Schnell C, Janc OA, Kempkes B, Callis CA, Flügge G, Hülsmann S, Müller M. Restraint Stress Intensifies Interstitial K(+) Accumulation during Severe Hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:53. [PMID: 22470344 PMCID: PMC3314232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress affects neuronal networks by inducing dendritic retraction, modifying neuronal excitability and plasticity, and modulating glial cells. To elucidate the functional consequences of chronic stress for the hippocampal network, we submitted adult rats to daily restraint stress for 3 weeks (6 h/day). In acute hippocampal tissue slices of stressed rats, basal synaptic function and short-term plasticity at Schaffer collateral/CA1 neuron synapses were unchanged while long-term potentiation was markedly impaired. The spatiotemporal propagation pattern of hypoxia-induced spreading depression episodes was indistinguishable among control and stress slices. However, the duration of the extracellular direct current potential shift was shortened after stress. Moreover, K+ fluxes early during hypoxia were more intense, and the postsynaptic recoveries of interstitial K+ levels and synaptic function were slower. Morphometric analysis of immunohistochemically stained sections suggested hippocampal shrinkage in stressed rats, and the number of cells that are immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased in the CA1 subfield indicating activation of astrocytes. Western blots showed a marked downregulation of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 in stressed rats. Yet, resting membrane potentials, input resistance, and K+-induced inward currents in CA1 astrocytes were indistinguishable from controls. These data indicate an intensified interstitial K+ accumulation during hypoxia in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats which seems to arise from a reduced interstitial volume fraction rather than impaired glial K+ buffering. One may speculate that chronic stress aggravates hypoxia-induced pathophysiological processes in the hippocampal network and that this has implications for the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schnell
- DFG Research Center Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Marques RH, Reis FG, Starling CM, Cabido C, de Almeida-Reis R, Dohlnikoff M, Prado CM, Leick EA, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition attenuates physical stress-induced lung hyper-responsiveness and oxidative stress in animals with lung inflammation. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:158-70. [PMID: 22262048 DOI: 10.1159/000331264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in stress-induced asthmatic alterations have been poorly characterised. We assessed whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition modulates the stress-amplified lung parenchyma responsiveness, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodelling that was previously increased by chronic lung inflammation. Guinea pigs were subjected to 7 exposures to ovalbumin (1-5 mg/ml) or saline (OVA and SAL groups) over 4 weeks. To induce behavioural stress, animals were subjected to a forced swimming protocol (5 times/week, over 2 weeks; SAL-Stress and OVA-Stress groups) 24 h after the 4th inhalation. 1400W (iNOS-specific inhibitor) was administered intraperitoneally in the last 4 days of the protocol (SAL-1400W, OVA-1400W, SAL-Stress+1400W and OVA-Stress+1400W groups). Seventy-two hours after the last inhalation, animals were anaesthetised and exsanguinated, and adrenal glands were removed. Lung tissue resistance and elastance were evaluated by oscillatory mechanics and submitted for histopathological evaluation. Stressed animals had higher adrenal weights compared to non-stressed groups, which were reduced by 1400W treatment. Behavioural stress in sensitised animals amplified the resistance and elastance responses after antigen challenge, numbers of eosinophils and iNOS+ cells, actin content and 8-iso-PGF2α density in the distal lung compared to the OVA group. 1400W treatment in ovalbumin-exposed and stressed animals reduced lung mechanics, iNOS+ cell numbers and 8-iso-PGF2α density compared to sensitised and stressed animals that received vehicle treatment. We concluded that stress amplifies the distal lung constriction, eosinophilic inflammation, iNOS expression, actin content and oxidative stress previously induced by chronic lung inflammation. iNOS-derived NO contributes to stress-augmented lung tissue functional alterations in this animal model and is at least partially due to activation of the oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Henrique Marques
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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33
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The stressed synapse: the impact of stress and glucocorticoids on glutamate transmission. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 13:22-37. [PMID: 22127301 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 935] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that acute and chronic stress, especially the stress-induced release of glucocorticoids, induces changes in glutamate neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, thereby influencing some aspects of cognitive processing. In addition, dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission is increasingly considered to be a core feature of stress-related mental illnesses. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms by which stress and glucocorticoids affect glutamate transmission, including effects on glutamate release, glutamate receptors and glutamate clearance and metabolism. This new understanding provides insights into normal brain functioning, as well as the pathophysiology and potential new treatments of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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34
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Maternal Depression Model: Long-Lasting Effects on the Mother Following Separation from Pups. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:126-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Jang S, Kim D, Lee Y, Moon S, Oh S. Modulation of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate and Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Stress-Induced Anxiety. Neurochem Res 2010; 36:258-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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García-Cáceres C, Lagunas N, Calmarza-Font I, Azcoitia I, Diz-Chaves Y, García-Segura LM, Baquedano E, Frago LM, Argente J, Chowen JA. Gender differences in the long-term effects of chronic prenatal stress on the HPA axis and hypothalamic structure in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35:1525-35. [PMID: 20558007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress during pregnancy can impair biological and behavioral responses in the adult offspring and some of these effects are associated with structural changes in specific brain regions. Furthermore, these outcomes can vary according to strain, gender, and type and duration of the maternal stress. Indeed, early stress can induce sexually dimorphic long-term effects on diverse endocrine axes, including subsequent responses to stress. However, whether hypothalamic structural modifications are associated with these endocrine disruptions has not been reported. Thus, we examined the gender differences in the long-term effects of prenatal and adult immobilization stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the associated changes in hypothalamic structural proteins. Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to immobilization stress three times daily (45 min each) during the last week of gestation. One half of the offspring were subjected to the same regimen of stress on 10 consecutive days starting at postnatal day (PND) 90. At sacrifice (PND 180), serum corticosterone levels were significantly higher in females compared to males and increased significantly in females subjected to both stresses with no change in males. Prenatal stress increased pituitary ACTH content in males, with no effect in females. Hypothalamic CRH mRNA levels were significantly increased by prenatal stress in females, but decreased in male rats. In females neither stress affected hypothalamic cell death, as determined by cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragment levels or proliferation, determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels (PCNA); however, in males there was a significant decrease in cell death in response to prenatal stress and a decrease in PCNA levels with both prenatal and adult stress. In all groups BrdU immunoreactivity colocalized in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells, with few BrdU/NeuN labelled cells found. Furthermore, in males the astrocyte marker S100β increased with prenatal stress and decreased with adult stress, suggesting affectation of astrocytes. Synapsin-1 levels were increased by adult stress in females and by prenatal stress in males, while, PSD95 levels were increased in females and decreased in males by both prenatal and adult stress. In conclusion, hypothalamic structural rearrangement appears to be involved in the long-term endocrine outcomes observed after both chronic prenatal and adult stresses. Furthermore, many of these changes are not only different between males and females, but opposite, which could underlie the gender differences in the long-term sequelae of chronic stress, including subsequent responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Cáceres
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28009, Spain
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Biochemical and immunopathological changes in experimental neurotoxocariasis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2010; 172:1-8. [PMID: 20302888 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxocariasis is a widespread soil-transmitted parasitic disease. Toxocara canis larvae migrate through the tissues with a special predilection for the central nervous system. Recently, neurotoxocariasis is being diagnosed in humans with increasing frequency due to improved diagnostic tools. The present study aimed at exploring the biochemical and immunopathological alterations in the brain in experimental T. canis infection. For this purpose, 75 Toxocara-infected mice were sacrificed at 2, 5, and 16 weeks post-infection. The brains were removed and assayed for total larval count, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6), and central neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin). Brain sections were also stained for histopathological study, and for assessment of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunohistochemical methods. We found that larval recovery showed progressive increase over the course of infection. Furthermore, the infected mice displayed increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS, as well as significant disturbances in neurotransmitter profile. Astrocytic activation, evidenced by enhanced expression of GFAP, was also manifest in infected animals. These changes were maximal in the chronic stage of infection or intensified over time. In conclusion, experimental neurotoxocariasis is associated with significant biochemical, immunological, and pathological changes.
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Maceyka M, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Sphingosine-1-phosphate: the Swiss army knife of sphingolipid signaling. J Lipid Res 2008; 50 Suppl:S272-6. [PMID: 18987387 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r800065-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the kinases that produce it have emerged as critical regulators of numerous fundamental biological processes important for health and disease. Activation of sphingosine kinases (SphKs) by a variety of agonists increases intracellular S1P, which in turn can be secreted out of the cell and bind to and signal through S1P receptors (S1PRs) in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. Recent studies suggest that this "inside-out" signaling by S1P may play a role in many human diseases. As the roles of the S1PRs in cell and organismal physiology are discussed elsewhere in this volume, we focus this review mainly on recent reports showing how SphKs are activated and S1P reaches its receptors, the role of SphKs and S1P in regulating sphingolipid homeostasis, and the potential importance of the SphK/S1P axis as a therapeutic target in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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