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Fan LL, Fang H, Zheng JY, Qiu YH, Wu GL, Cai YF, Chen YB, Zhang SJ. Taohong Siwu decoction alleviates cognitive impairment by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis signaling pathway in vascular dementia rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118407. [PMID: 38824979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used for the treatment of vascular diseases, including vascular dementia (VD). However, the mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether TSD has a positive effect on cognitive impairment in VD rats and to confirm that the mechanism of action is related to the Endoplasmic Reticulum stress (ERs) and cell apoptosis signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated group (Sham), the two-vessel occlusion group (2VO), the 2VO treated with 4.5 g/kg/d TSD group (2VO + TSD-L), the 2VO treated with 13.5 g/kg/d TSD group (2VO + TSD-H). The rats underwent either 2VO surgery or sham surgery. Postoperative TSD treatment was given for 4 consecutive weeks. Behavioral tests were initiated at the end of gastrulation. Open-field test (OFT) was used to detect the activity level. The New Object Recognition test (NOR) was used to test long-term memory. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to examine the foundation of spatial learning and memory. As a final step, the hippocampus was taken for molecular testing. The protein levels of GRP78 (Bip), p-PERK, PERK, IRE1α, p-IRE1α, ATF6, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, ATF4, XBP1, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. Immunofluorescence visualizes molecular expression. RESULTS In the OFT, residence time in the central area was significantly longer in both TSD treatment groups compared to the 2VO group. In the NOR, the recognition index was obviously elevated in both TSD treatment groups. The 2VO group had a significantly longer escape latency and fewer times in crossing the location of the platform compared with the Sham group in MWM. TSD treatment reversed this notion. Pathologically, staining observations confirmed that TSD inhibited hippocampal neuronal loss and alleviated the abnormal reduction of the Nissl body. In parallel, TUNEL staining illustrated that TSD decelerated neuronal apoptosis. Western Blot demonstrated that TSD reduces the expression of ERs and apoptotic proteins. CONCLUSION In this study, the significant ameliorative effect on cognitive impairment of TSD has been determined by comparing the behavioral data of the 4 groups of rats. Furthermore, it was confirmed that this effect of TSD was achieved by suppressing the ERs-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM Guangzhou, 510000, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hui Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Liang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yun-Bo Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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2
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Lanthier-Labonté S, Chaudhury H, Wong J, Hung L. Dementia-Friendly Transportation Services: A Scoping Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnae047. [PMID: 38767432 PMCID: PMC11200191 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transportation is an important component of dementia-friendly communities. People living with dementia have the right to access transportation services to keep their mobility in their community, which is essential for independence, well-being, and quality of life. This scoping review maps the literature on dementia-friendly transportation services and explores their characteristics to inform future development and research. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Empirical quantitative and qualitative studies in English or French that informed on transportation services for people living with dementia in the community were searched in 15 databases. Two authors independently screened records and charted relevant characteristics from selected publications. Important findings were summarized with a narrative synthesis approach. RESULTS Thirty-five studies informed on important dimensions of transportation services in urban and/or rural context: availability, accessibility, acceptability, adaptability, and affordability. Important insights were identified: the importance of staff training and attitude, and the challenges of availability of affordable services in the rural context. Emerging policy and program intervention areas include the need for access to quiet areas in transit hubs, training to use mass public transit and mobility management. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The literature on dementia-friendly transportation services is important in the expansion and maintenance of mobility for people living with dementia in the community. The scope of the existing scientific literature remains limited. Although several studies indicated a clear need for better access to dementia-friendly transportation services, the best practices still need to be demonstrated in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lanthier-Labonté
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Habib Chaudhury
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joey Wong
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lillian Hung
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Diany R, Gagliano Taliun SA. Systematic Review and Phenome-Wide Scans of Genetic Associations with Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2300692. [PMID: 38935518 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogenous form of cognitive impairment that results from cerebrovascular disease. It is a result of both genetic and non-genetic factors. Although much research has been conducted on the genetic contributors to other forms of cognitive impairment (e.g. Alzheimer's disease), knowledge is lacking on the genetic factors associated with VCI. A better understanding of the genetics of VCI will be critical for prevention and treatment. To begin to fill this gap, the genetic contributors are reviewed with VCI from the literature. Phenome-wide scans of the identified genes are conducted and genetic variants identified in the review in large-scale resources displaying genetic variant-trait association information. Gene set are also carried out enrichment analysis using the genes identified from the review. Thirty one articles are identified meeting the search criteria and filters, from which 107 unique protein-coding genes are noted related to VCI. The phenome-wide scans and gene set enrichment analysis identify pathways associated with a diverse set of biological systems. This results indicate that genes with evidence of involvement in VCI are involved in a diverse set of biological functions. This information can facilitate downstream research to better dissect possible shared biological mechanisms for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rime Diany
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sarah A Gagliano Taliun
- Department of Medicine & Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
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4
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Zeylan M, Senyuz S, Picón-Pagès P, García-Elías A, Tajes M, Muñoz FJ, Oliva B, Garcia-Ojalvo J, Barbu E, Vicente R, Nattel S, Ois A, Puig-Pijoan A, Keskin O, Gursoy A. Shared Proteins and Pathways of Cardiovascular and Cognitive Diseases: Relation to Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:560-573. [PMID: 38252700 PMCID: PMC10846560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
One of the primary goals of systems medicine is the detection of putative proteins and pathways involved in disease progression and pathological phenotypes. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous condition manifesting as cognitive impairment resulting from vascular factors. The precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear, which poses challenges for experimental research. Here, we applied computational approaches like systems biology to unveil and select relevant proteins and pathways related to VCI by studying the crosstalk between cardiovascular and cognitive diseases. In addition, we specifically included signals related to oxidative stress, a common etiologic factor tightly linked to aging, a major determinant of VCI. Our results show that pathways associated with oxidative stress are quite relevant, as most of the prioritized vascular cognitive genes and proteins were enriched in these pathways. Our analysis provided a short list of proteins that could be contributing to VCI: DOLK, TSC1, ATP1A1, MAPK14, YWHAZ, CREB3, HSPB1, PRDX6, and LMNA. Moreover, our experimental results suggest a high implication of glycative stress, generating oxidative processes and post-translational protein modifications through advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). We propose that these products interact with their specific receptors (RAGE) and Notch signaling to contribute to the etiology of VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa
E. Zeylan
- Computational
Sciences and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Simge Senyuz
- Computational
Sciences and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Pol Picón-Pagès
- Laboratory
of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Anna García-Elías
- Laboratory
of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Marta Tajes
- Laboratory
of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Muñoz
- Laboratory
of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Baldomero Oliva
- Laboratory
of Structural Bioinformatics (GRIB), Department of Medicine and Life
Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo
- Laboratory
of Dynamical Systems Biology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Eduard Barbu
- Institute
of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50090, Estonia
| | - Raul Vicente
- Institute
of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50090, Estonia
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department
of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université
de Montréal; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and
Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen,
Germany; IHU LIRYC and Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Angel Ois
- Department
of Neurology, Hospital Del Mar. Hospital
Del Mar - Medical Research Institute and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Albert Puig-Pijoan
- Department
of Neurology, Hospital Del Mar. Hospital
Del Mar - Medical Research Institute and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Department
of Computer Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
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5
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Effect of neurotropin on Alzheimer's disease-like changes and cognitive function in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neuroreport 2023; 34:170-177. [PMID: 36719834 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a main mechanism of cerebrovascular disease and is associated with various cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. However, treatment of CCH in clinical practice is not ideal, but neurotropin (NTP) has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect. Therefore, this study examined the effect and possible mechanism of NTP in nerve injury caused by CCH. A rat CCH model was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO), and rats were treated with intragastric administration of NTP (200 nu/kg/day) for 28 consecutive days. After treatment, rats were subjected to the Morris water maze and novel object recognition test. Subsequently, an ELISA was applied to detect amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in rat hippocampal tissues, quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays were used to detect the mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Trk B, and Western blots were used to detect the protein expression levels of BACE1, tau, p-tau, and protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway-related proteins. The rat model of CCH was successfully established by 2VO. Behavioral tests indicated that the cognitive ability of 2VO rats was severely impaired. NTP treatment greatly ameliorated the cognitive disability, reduced Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels and tau phosphorylation, and upregulated BACE1, Trk B, and BDNF expression in the hippocampus of 2VO rats. Finally, we found that NTP markedly activated Akt/GSK3β pathway activity. NTP can ameliorate cognitive disability in CCH rats possibly by reducing Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus. These effects of NTP may be related to the Akt/GSK3β pathway activation. NTP may be a promising new drug candidate for CCH patients.
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Ma SQ, Huang HP, Li MQ, Yu B, Zhang LY, Huang K, Li MY, Yao L, Wang HF. Effects of acupuncture on dementia: An overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Kandasamy M, Anusuyadevi M, Aigner KM, Unger MS, Kniewallner KM, de Sousa DMB, Altendorfer B, Mrowetz H, Bogdahn U, Aigner L. TGF-β Signaling: A Therapeutic Target to Reinstate Regenerative Plasticity in Vascular Dementia? Aging Dis 2020; 11:828-850. [PMID: 32765949 PMCID: PMC7390515 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second leading form of memory loss after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there is no cure available. The etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of VaD are extremely heterogeneous, but the impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) represents a common denominator of VaD. The latter might be the result of atherosclerosis, amyloid angiopathy, microbleeding and micro-strokes, together causing blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and vessel leakage, collectively originating from the consequence of hypertension, one of the main risk factors for VaD. At the histopathological level, VaD displays abnormal vascular remodeling, endothelial cell death, string vessel formation, pericyte responses, fibrosis, astrogliosis, sclerosis, microglia activation, neuroinflammation, demyelination, white matter lesions, deprivation of synapses and neuronal loss. The transforming growth factor (TGF) β has been identified as one of the key molecular factors involved in the aforementioned various pathological aspects. Thus, targeting TGF-β signaling in the brain might be a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate vascular pathology and improve cognitive functions in patients with VaD. This review revisits the recent understanding of the role of TGF-β in VaD and associated pathological hallmarks. It further explores the potential to modulate certain aspects of VaD pathology by targeting TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India.
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Molecular Gerontology Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidhasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kiera M Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michael S Unger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Kathrin M Kniewallner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Diana M Bessa de Sousa
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Barbara Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Heike Mrowetz
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Velvio GmbH, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Zheng Y, Guo H, Zhang L, Wu J, Li Q, Lv F. Machine Learning-Based Framework for Differential Diagnosis Between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Using Structural MRI Features. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1097. [PMID: 31708854 PMCID: PMC6823227 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be characterized by the same syndrome of dementia. This study aims to assess whether multi-parameter features derived from structural MRI can serve as the informative biomarker for differential diagnosis between VaD and AD using machine learning. Methods: A total of 93 patients imaged with brain MRI including 58 AD and 35 VaD confirmed by two chief physicians were recruited in this study from June 2013 to July 2019. Automated brain tissue segmentation was performed by the AccuBrain tool to extract multi-parameter volumetric measurements from different brain regions. Firstly, a total of 62 structural MRI biomarkers were addressed to select significantly different features between VaD and AD for dimensionality reduction. Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was further used to construct a feature set that is fed into a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. To ensure the unbiased evaluation of model performance, a comparative study of classification models was implemented by using different machine learning algorithms in order to determine which performs best in the application of differential diagnosis between VaD and AD. The diagnostic performance of the classification models was evaluated by the quantitative metrics derived from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The experimental results demonstrate that the SVM with RBF achieved an encouraging performance with sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and accuracy (ACC) values of 82.65%, 87.17%, and 84.35%, respectively (AUC = 0.861, 95% CI = 0.820–0.902), for the differential diagnosis between VaD and AD. Conclusions: The proposed computer-aided diagnosis method highlights the potential of combining structural MRI and machine learning to support clinical decision making in distinction of VaD vs. AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yineng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoming Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sathyamoorthy Y, Kaliappan K, Nambi P, Radhakrishnan R. Glycyrrhizic acid renders robust neuroprotection in rodent model of vascular dementia by controlling oxidative stress and curtailing cytochrome-c release. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 23:955-970. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1580935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshkanna Sathyamoorthy
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kathiravan Kaliappan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeepkumar Nambi
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rameshkumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Wang YH, Yang YL, Cheng X, Zhang J, Li W, Du GH. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract regulates differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:470-479. [PMID: 30539815 PMCID: PMC6334616 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction has been widely used to treat stroke and sequelae of stroke. We have previously shown that the active fractions of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction attenuate cerebral ischemic injury. However, the global protein profile and signaling conduction pathways regulated by Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction are still unclear. This study established a two-vessel occlusion rat model by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Rats were intragastrically administered 50 or 150 mg/kg Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction for 4 consecutive weeks. Learning and memory abilities were measured with Morris water maze. Motor ability was detected with prehensile test. Coordination ability was examined using the inclined screen test. Neuronal plasticity was observed by immunofluorescent staining. Differentially expressed proteins of rat hippocampus were analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics. Real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to identify the changes in proteins. Results showed that Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction dramatically alleviated learning and memory deficits, and motor and coordination dysfunction, and increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract remarkably decreased 13 upregulated proteins and increased 39 downregulated proteins. The regulated proteins were mainly involved in oxidation reduction process, intracellular signaling cascade process, and protein catabolic process. The signaling pathways were mainly involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Furthermore, there was an interaction among Rab2a, Ptpn1, Ppm1e, Cdk18, Gorasp2, Eps15, Capza2, Syngap1 and Mt-nd1. Protein analyses confirmed the changes in expression of MT-ND1. The current findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract’s effects on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Lin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Bin-Jaliah I, Sakr HF. Melatonin ameliorates brain oxidative stress and upregulates senescence marker protein-30 and osteopontin in a rat model of vascular dementia. Physiol Int 2018; 105:38-52. [PMID: 29602294 DOI: 10.1556/2060.105.2018.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) as well as osteopontin (OPN) expression in the hippocampus of rats subjected to vascular dementia (VD). A total of 72 male rats were divided into six groups (n = 12 each) as follows: (i) untreated control (CON), (ii) sham-operated group, (iii) sham-operated + melatonin, (iv) rats exposed to VD induced by permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (BCCAO) leading to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, (v) rats exposed to VD + melatonin, and (vi) rats exposed to VD + donepezil (DON). At the end of experiment, the hippocampal levels of acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (Dop) were measured. Expression of OPN was determined using immunohistochemistry, and SMP30 expression was determined using real-time PCR in the hippocampus. Hippocampal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. The BCCAO group showed significantly decreased TAC (p < 0.05) and significantly increased in TBARS levels compared with the CON group. In addition, BCCAO significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the expression of both OPN and SMP30 and the levels of ACh, NE, and Dop in the hippocampus compared with CON treatment. Treatment with melatonin significantly increased OPN and SMP30 expression and ACh, NE, and Dop levels in the hippocampus with amelioration of the oxidative stress compared with BCCAO rats. Melatonin might produce a neuroprotective effect through its antioxidant action and by increasing the expression of SMP30 and OPN that is not comparable with that of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bin-Jaliah
- 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - H F Sakr
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt.,3 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physiology, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat, Oman
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12
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Mehla J, Lacoursiere S, Stuart E, McDonald RJ, Mohajerani MH. Gradual Cerebral Hypoperfusion Impairs Fear Conditioning and Object Recognition Learning and Memory in Mice: Potential Roles of Neurodegeneration and Cholinergic Dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:283-293. [PMID: 29154281 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to gradual cerebral hypoperfusion by implanting an ameroid constrictor (AC) on the left common carotid artery (CCA) and a stenosis on the right CCA. In the sham group, all surgical procedures were kept the same except no AC was implanted and stenosis was not performed. One month following the surgical procedures, fear conditioning and object recognition tests were conducted to evaluate learning and memory functions and motor functions were assessed using a balance beam test. At the experimental endpoint, mice were perfused and brains were collected for immunostaining and histology. Learning and memory as well as motor functions were significantly impaired in the hypoperfusion group. The immunoreactivity to choline acetyltransferase was decreased in dorsal striatum and basal forebrain of the hypoperfusion group indicating that cholinergic tone in these brain regions was compromised. In addition, an increased number of Fluoro-Jade positive neurons was also found in cerebral cortex, dorsal striatum and hippocampus indicating neurodegeneration in these brain regions. Based on this pattern of data, we argued that this mouse model would be a useful tool to investigate the therapeutic interventions for the treatment of vascular dementia. Additionally, this model could be employed to exploit the effect of microvascular occlusions on cognitive impairment in the absence and presence of Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Mehla
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Sean Lacoursiere
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Emily Stuart
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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13
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Effects of CREB1 gene silencing on cognitive dysfunction by mediating PKA-CREB signaling pathway in mice with vascular dementia. Mol Med 2018; 24:18. [PMID: 30134805 PMCID: PMC6016877 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a form of dementia primarily affecting the elderly, vascular dementia (VD) is characterized by changes in the supply of blood to the brain, resulting in cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects involved with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding (CREB)1 gene silencing on cognitive dysfunction through meditation of the protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB signaling pathway in mice with VD. Methods Both the Morris water maze test and the step down test were applied to assess the cognitive function of the mice with VD. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining techniques were employed to evaluate the positive expression rates of the protein CREB1 and Cleaved Caspase-3, as well as neuronal apoptosis among hippocampal tissues in a respective manner. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the proliferation index and apoptosis rate of the hippocampal cells among each group. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis methods were applied to detect the expressions of cAMP, PKA and CREB in hippocampal cells. Results Compared with the normal group, all the other groups exhibited impaired cognitive function, reduced cell numbers in the CAI area, positive expressions of CREB1 as well as positive optical density (OD) values. Furthermore, increased Cleaved Caspase-3 positive expression, OD value, proliferation index, apoptosis rate of hippocampal cells and neurons, were observed in the other groups when compared with the normal group, as well as lower expressions of cAMP, PKA and CREB1 and p-CREB1 (the shCREB1–1, H89 and shCREB1–1 + H89 groups < the VD group). Conclusion The key findings of the present study demonstrated that CREB1 gene silencing results in aggravated VD that occurs as a result of inhibiting the PKA-CREB signaling pathway, thus exasperating cognitive dysfunction.
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14
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Lo Buono V, Bonanno L, Corallo F, Foti M, Palmeri R, Marra A, Di Lorenzo G, Todaro A, Bramanti P, Bramanti A, Marino S. Qualitative Analysis of Mini Mental State Examination Pentagon in Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Explorative Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:1666-1672. [PMID: 29503167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease are the most diffuse forms of dementia. Sometimes, they are difficult to distinguish due to overlaps in symptomatology, pathophysiology, and comorbidity. Visual constructive apraxia is very common in dementia and impairment in these abilities can provide clinical information for differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients underwent Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at basal visit (T0) and after 1 year (T1). We analyzed differences in Qualitative Scoring Method for the Pentagon Copying Test and we explored the visual constructive apraxia evolution in these 2 types of dementia. RESULTS In intragroup analysis, we found a significant difference in each group between T0 and T1 in MMSE score (P < .001) and total qualitative scores (P < .001). In intergroup analysis, at T0, we found significance difference in total qualitative scores (P < .001), in numbers of angles (P = .005), in distance/intersection (P < .001), in closure/opening (P = .01), in rotation (P < .001), and in closing-in (P < .001). At T1, we found significance difference in total qualitative scores (P < .001), in particular, in numbers of angles (P < .001), in distance/intersection (P < .001), in closure/opening (P < .001), in rotation (P < .001), and in closing-in (P < .001). The total score showed the highest classification accuracy (.90, 95%CI = .81-0.96) in differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease from patients with vascular dementia. The optimal threshold value was k = 5. with .84 (95%CI = .69-0.93) sensitivity and .81 (95%CI = .64-0.93) specificity. CONCLUSION Patients with vascular dementia showed more accuracy errors and graphic difficulties than patients with Alzheimer's disease. Qualitative analysis of copy provided a sensitive measure of visual constructive abilities in differentiating dementias, underlining a particularly vulnerability of visuoconstructive functions in vascular dementia compared with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Foti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | | | - Angela Marra
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Hu X, Song C, Fang M, Li C. Simvastatin inhibits the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1795-1802. [PMID: 29434767 PMCID: PMC5776644 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with cognitive impairments that affect memory and executive functions. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering statin drug that is used to control levels of cholesterol in the blood, particularly in cases of hypercholesterolemia, and may be used in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Previous results have indicated that the apoptosis of hippocampal cells may serve a critical role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, it was determined whether Simvastatin inhibited the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effects of Simvastatin were evaluated in 24-month-old triple-transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3×Tg-AD) mice, and the efficacy of Simvastatin in attenuating memory and cognitive impairment was investigated. Levels of apoptosis-related gene expression in the hippocampus and hippocampal cells of experimental mice were also detected. In addition, neuron excitability was assessed in the functionally relevant brain regions in the hippocampus. The data indicated that Simvastatin significantly suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in 3×Tg-AD model mice compared with controls (P<0.01). Furthermore, treatment with Simvastatin improved the dementia status of 3×Tg-AD mice, as determined by a learning task in which mice exhibited significantly reduced attention impairment, impulsivity and compulsivity (P<0.01). In addition, results demonstrated that Simvastatin significantly inhibited hippocampal damage and significantly improved neuronal loss in hippocampal structures classically associated with attentional performance when compared with untreated mice (P<0.01). Thus, Simvastatin prevented cognitive impairment by decreasing hippocampal cell apoptosis and improving learning-memory ability. Simvastatin treatment also increased the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and decreased the expression pro-apoptotic genes (P<0.01), which may have been associated with improved motor attention and cognitive competence in 3×Tg-AD mice. Collectively, these preclinical data indicated that Simvastatin was efficient in attenuating memory lapse and hippocampal cell apoptosis in a 3×Tg-AD mouse model. Thus, Simvastatin may be useful in improving the clinical outcome of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Remnin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, The Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, The Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Chengyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Remnin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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16
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de Oliveira MFB, Yassuda MS, Aprahamian I, Neri AL, Guariento ME. Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are associated with lower cognitive performance in community-dwelling elderly: Data from the FIBRA study. Dement Neuropsychol 2017; 11:398-405. [PMID: 29354220 PMCID: PMC5769998 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic hypertension (SH), diabetes mellitus (DM) and abdominal obesity may negatively impact cognitive performance. Objective To evaluate the association between SH, DM and abdominal obesity and cognitive performance among cognitively unimpaired elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study of individuals aged 65+ from seven Brazilian cities was conducted. SH and DM diagnoses were self-reported and abdominal circumference was objectively measured. Individuals who scored below the education-adjusted cutoff scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were excluded. Results Among 2,593 elderly, 321 (12.38%) had SH, DM and abdominal obesity concomitantly (Group I) and 421 (16.23%) had none of the three diseases (Group II). Group I had a higher proportion of individuals that were women, aged 70-74 years, illiterate and with lower income. Group I had a higher number of participants with low cognitive performance (28.04% vs. 17.58% in Group II). Variables associated with poor cognitive performance were: female gender (OR: 2.43, p < 0.001); and lower education (OR: 0.410, p < 0.001). The presence of the three diseases and age were not significant in the education-adjusted model. Conclusion There was an association between cognition and the presence of SH, DM and obesity. However, education seems to be decisive in determining cognitive performance in the presence of these three conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mônica Sanches Yassuda
- Post-Graduate Program in Gerontology - Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anita Liberalesso Neri
- Post-Graduate Program in Gerontology - Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Guariento
- Post-Graduate Program in Gerontology - Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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17
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Liu W, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Ji J. Simvastatin ameliorates cognitive impairments via inhibition of oxidative stress‑induced apoptosis of hippocampal cells through the ERK/AKT signaling pathway in a rat model of senile dementia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1885-1892. [PMID: 29257256 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Liu
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Jiangang Ji
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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18
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Wei N, Zheng K, Xue R, Ma SL, Ren HY, Huang HF, Wang WW, Xu JJ, Chen KS. Suppression of microRNA-9-5p rescues learning and memory in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107920-107931. [PMID: 29296213 PMCID: PMC5746115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has been associated with cognitive impairment in dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular disease (VaD), the two most common neurodegenerative diseases in aged people. However, the effective therapeutic approaches for both AD and VaD are still missing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the epigenetic regulation in many neurological disorders; the critical roles of miRNAderegulation had been implicated in both AD and VaD. In the current study, we reported that miR-9-5p is elevated in the serum and cerebrospinalfluid of patientswith VaD. The miR-9-5p wasalso increased in both the hippocampus and cortex of rats with 2-vessel occlusionsurgery. Furthermore, application ofmiR-9-5p antagomirs attenuated the memory impairments in rats with 2-vessel occlusion surgery both in the Morris water maze and inhibitory avoidance step-down tasks. Furthermore, miR-9-5p antagomirs reducedthe inhibition oflong-term potentiation and loss of dendritic spines in chronic cerebral hypoperfusionrats. Additionally, the cholinergic neuronal function was rescued by miR-9-5p antagomirs, as well as the neuronal loss and the oxidative stress. We concluded that miR-9-5p inhibition may be a potential therapeutic target for the memory impairments caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Ma
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yan Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fen Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
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19
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Mullins RJ, Diehl TC, Chia CW, Kapogiannis D. Insulin Resistance as a Link between Amyloid-Beta and Tau Pathologies in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:118. [PMID: 28515688 PMCID: PMC5413582 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current hypotheses and theories regarding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) heavily implicate brain insulin resistance (IR) as a key factor. Despite the many well-validated metrics for systemic IR, the absence of biomarkers for brain-specific IR represents a translational gap that has hindered its study in living humans. In our lab, we have been working to develop biomarkers that reflect the common mechanisms of brain IR and AD that may be used to follow their engagement by experimental treatments. We present two promising biomarkers for brain IR in AD: insulin cascade mediators probed in extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched for neuronal origin, and two-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures of brain glucose. As further evidence for a fundamental link between brain IR and AD, we provide a novel analysis demonstrating the close spatial correlation between brain expression of genes implicated in IR (using Allen Human Brain Atlas data) and tau and beta-amyloid pathologies. We proceed to propose the bold hypotheses that baseline differences in the metabolic reliance on glycolysis, and the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and insulin signaling genes determine the vulnerability of different brain regions to Tau and/or Amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, and that IR is a critical link between these two pathologies that define AD. Lastly, we provide an overview of ongoing clinical trials that target IR as an angle to treat AD, and suggest how biomarkers may be used to evaluate treatment efficacy and target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Mullins
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH)Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C Diehl
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH)Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chee W Chia
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH)Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH)Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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You YN, Cho MR, Park JH, Park GC, Song MY, Choi JB, Na CS, Han JY, Shin JC, Kim JH. Assessing the quality of reports about randomized controlled trials of scalp acupuncture treatment for vascular dementia. Trials 2017; 18:205. [PMID: 28464917 PMCID: PMC5414371 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the quality of reports about randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of scalp acupuncture (SA) for the treatment of vascular dementia (VD). METHOD A systematic search of reports published through to December 2015 was performed in eight databases. The quality of RCTs that used SA as an intervention for VD was evaluated based on the 2010 Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) and 2010 Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines. Thirteen items from the CONSORT guideline were scored to give an overall quality score (OQS, range 0-13), and a combined key methodological index score (MIS) (range 0-5) of five key methodological items was measured. The OQS of 17 items from the STRICTA guideline (range 0-17) was also measured. RESULTS In total, 26 reports were evaluated. The median OQS based on the CONSORT guideline was 8 (minimum 5, maximum 11), and "trial design," "sample size," "ancillary analyses," and "harms" had a positive rate of less than 10%. The median MIS was 2 (minimum 0, maximum 5), with "allocation concealment and implementation," "blinding," and "intent-to-treat analysis" having a positive rate of less than 15%. The median OQS based on the STRICTA guideline was 12 (minimum 8, maximum 14), with "extent to which treatment was varied (1c)," "number of needle insertions per subject per session (2a)," and "setting and context of treatment (4b)" having a positive rate of less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS The overall quality of reports on RCTs of SA treatment for VD was moderate to low. The quality of methodological items was markedly lower than that of other items. The CONSORT and STRICTA guidelines should be used more frequently to standardize the quality of RCT reports of SA treatment for VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Nim You
- Clinical Research Center, DongShin University Gwangju Oriental Hospital, Gwangju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Rae Cho
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Dong-Shin University, Naju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Park
- Clinical Research Center, DongShin University Gwangju Oriental Hospital, Gwangju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Cheon Park
- Clinical Research Center, DongShin University Gwangju Oriental Hospital, Gwangju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yeong Song
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Dong-Shin University, Naju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Bong Choi
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Dong-Shin University, Naju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Na
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine Dong-Shin University, Naju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-cheol Shin
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Dong-Shin University, Naju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Clinical Research Center, DongShin University Gwangju Oriental Hospital, Gwangju City, Republic of Korea
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Dong-Shin University, Naju City, Republic of Korea
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21
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Demarin V, Bašić Kes V, Trkanjec Z, Budišić M, Bošnjak Pašić M, Črnac P, Budinčević H. Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba standardized extract in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:483-490. [PMID: 28243101 PMCID: PMC5317341 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to determine the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract in patients diagnosed with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). METHODS A total of 90 patients (aged 67.1±8.0 years; 59 women) were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to receive G. biloba 120 mg, G. biloba 60 mg, or placebo during a 6-month period. Assessment was made for efficacy indicators, including neuropsychological tests scores (Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale, Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impression) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound findings. Safety indicators included laboratory findings, reported adverse reactions, and clinical examination. RESULTS At the end of 6-month study period, G. biloba 120 and 60 mg showed a statistically significant positive effect in comparison with placebo only on the Clinical Global Impression score (2.6±0.8 vs 3.1±0.7 vs 2.8±0.7, respectively; P=0.038). The Clinical Global Impression score showed a significant deterioration from the baseline values in the placebo group (-0.3±0.5; P=0.021) as opposed to G. biloba groups. No significant differences were found in the transcranial Doppler ultrasound findings. Adverse reactions were significantly more common and serious in the placebo group (16 subjects) than in either of the two G. biloba extract groups (eight and nine subjects, respectively), whereas laboratory findings and clinical examinations revealed no differences between the groups receiving G. biloba extract and placebo. CONCLUSION According to our results, G. biloba seemed to slow down the cognitive deterioration in patients with VCI, but the effect was shown in only one of the four neuropsychological tests administered. However, because of this mild effect in combination with a few adverse reactions, we cannot say that it is ineffective or unsafe either. Further studies are still needed to provide unambiguous evidence on the efficacy and safety of G. biloba extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Demarin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”
- International Institute for Brain Health
| | - Vanja Bašić Kes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”
| | - Zlatko Trkanjec
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”
| | - Mislav Budišić
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”
| | - Marija Bošnjak Pašić
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek
| | - Petra Črnac
- Department of Neurology, Stroke and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Budinčević
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek
- Department of Neurology, Stroke and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Mijajlović MD, Pavlović A, Brainin M, Heiss WD, Quinn TJ, Ihle-Hansen HB, Hermann DM, Assayag EB, Richard E, Thiel A, Kliper E, Shin YI, Kim YH, Choi S, Jung S, Lee YB, Sinanović O, Levine DA, Schlesinger I, Mead G, Milošević V, Leys D, Hagberg G, Ursin MH, Teuschl Y, Prokopenko S, Mozheyko E, Bezdenezhnykh A, Matz K, Aleksić V, Muresanu D, Korczyn AD, Bornstein NM. Post-stroke dementia - a comprehensive review. BMC Med 2017; 15:11. [PMID: 28095900 PMCID: PMC5241961 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke dementia (PSD) or post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) may affect up to one third of stroke survivors. Various definitions of PSCI and PSD have been described. We propose PSD as a label for any dementia following stroke in temporal relation. Various tools are available to screen and assess cognition, with few PSD-specific instruments. Choice will depend on purpose of assessment, with differing instruments needed for brief screening (e.g., Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or diagnostic formulation (e.g., NINDS VCI battery). A comprehensive evaluation should include assessment of pre-stroke cognition (e.g., using Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly), mood (e.g., using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and functional consequences of cognitive impairments (e.g., using modified Rankin Scale). A large number of biomarkers for PSD, including indicators for genetic polymorphisms, biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the serum, inflammatory mediators, and peripheral microRNA profiles have been proposed. Currently, no specific biomarkers have been proven to robustly discriminate vulnerable patients ('at risk brains') from those with better prognosis or to discriminate Alzheimer's disease dementia from PSD. Further, neuroimaging is an important diagnostic tool in PSD. The role of computerized tomography is limited to demonstrating type and location of the underlying primary lesion and indicating atrophy and severe white matter changes. Magnetic resonance imaging is the key neuroimaging modality and has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting pathological changes, including small vessel disease. Advanced multi-modal imaging includes diffusion tensor imaging for fiber tracking, by which changes in networks can be detected. Quantitative imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism by positron emission tomography can differentiate between vascular dementia and degenerative dementia and show the interaction between vascular and metabolic changes. Additionally, inflammatory changes after ischemia in the brain can be detected, which may play a role together with amyloid deposition in the development of PSD. Prevention of PSD can be achieved by prevention of stroke. As treatment strategies to inhibit the development and mitigate the course of PSD, lowering of blood pressure, statins, neuroprotective drugs, and anti-inflammatory agents have all been studied without convincing evidence of efficacy. Lifestyle interventions, physical activity, and cognitive training have been recently tested, but large controlled trials are still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milija D Mijajlović
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 6, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Pavlović
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 6, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael Brainin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hege B Ihle-Hansen
- Department of internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum, Norway
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Einor Ben Assayag
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sorasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University at SMBD Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Efrat Kliper
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sorasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongHye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - San Jung
- Hallym University Medical Center, Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Bae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Osman Sinanović
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center Tuzla, School of Medicine University of Tuzla, 75000, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Deborah A Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan and the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ilana Schlesinger
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vuk Milošević
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Didier Leys
- U1171-Department of Neurology, University of Lille, Inserm, Faculty of Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Guri Hagberg
- Department of internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum, Norway
| | - Marie Helene Ursin
- Department of internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum, Norway
| | - Yvonne Teuschl
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Semyon Prokopenko
- Department of Neurology and Medical Rehabilitation, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena Mozheyko
- Department of Neurology and Medical Rehabilitation, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna Bezdenezhnykh
- Department of Neurology and Medical Rehabilitation, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Karl Matz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Vuk Aleksić
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital CenterZemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - DafinFior Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine, Clij-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amos D Korczyn
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Natan M Bornstein
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sorasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Yuan Q, Wang CW, Shi J, Lin ZX. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on dementia: An overview of systematic reviews. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:1-9. [PMID: 27940086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cumulative evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) in the treatment of dementia. DESIGN Overview of systematic reviews. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched in June 2016. Systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of GbE on different outcomes in people with dementia or cognitive impairment were included. Methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR tool. The quality of evidence of the primary studies was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS Twelve SRs with meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria. The quality of the evidence reported in these SRs varies ranging from low to moderate level. Overall, the available evidence suggests that GbE has potentially beneficial effects over placebo on cognitive performance, activities of daily living, and clinical global impression in the treatment of dementia at doses greater than 200mg/day (usually 240mg/day) administrated for 22 weeks or longer, and that GbE appears to be safe for human consumption. No sufficient evidence supports the favorable effects of GbE administrated for less than 22 weeks. The available evidence consistently indicates that a dose less than 200mg/day of GbE may not be adequate to yield clinical relevant effects in the treatment of dementia. CONCLUSIONS GbE has potentially beneficial effects for people with dementia when it is administered at doses greater than 200mg/day for at least 5 months. Given the lower quality of the evidence, further rigorously-designed, multicenter-based, large-scale RCTs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chong-Wen Wang
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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24
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Li X, Lu F, Li W, Qin L, Yao Y, Ge X, Yu Q, Liang X, Zhao D, Li X, Zhang J. Edaravone injection reverses learning and memory deficits in a rat model of vascular dementia. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:83-89. [PMID: 27864280 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is a novel free radical scavenger that exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting endothelial injury and by ameliorating neuronal damage in brain ischemia. Recently, it was reported that edaravone could alleviate the pathology and cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease patients. However, its relevance to vascular dementia (VaD) is not clear. In this study, we partially occluded the bilateral carotid arteries of rats surgically to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a well-known rat model of VaD. Water maze and step-down inhibitory test were used to evaluate the memory deficit. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total reactive oxygen species were measured to evaluate the oxidative stress level. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the synaptic protein expression. It was found that treatment with edaravone for a 5-week period was able to reverse both spatial and fear-memory deficits in rats with CCH. Edaravone significantly reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brains of rats with CCH by increasing SOD activity and decreasing the content of MDA, LDH, and total reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, edaravone treatment also restored the levels of multiple synaptic proteins in the hippocampi of rats with CCH. Our data provide direct evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of edaravone in VaD. We propose that the alleviation of oxidative stress and restoration of synaptic proteins play important roles in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Fen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lingzhi Qin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xuerong Ge
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qingkai Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xinliang Liang
- Department of Medical Development, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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25
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Compensatory larger cortical thickness in healthy elderly individuals with electroencephalographic risk for cognitive decline. Neuroreport 2016; 27:710-5. [PMID: 27171033 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excess theta electroencephalographic (EEG) activity has been described as an accurate predictor for cognitive decline at least 7 years before symptom presentation. To test whether this predictor for cognitive decline correlates with structural changes in the brains of healthy elderly individuals, we compared the magnetic resonance structural images of healthy individuals with excess of theta activity [group with a risk for cognitive decline, risk group (RG); n=14] with healthy controls with normal EEG activity (control group; n=14). Neuropsychological and epidemiological analyses showed significant differences in only two features: more years of education and better performance in the visuospatial process task in the control group. Voxel-based morphometry results were not conclusive, but showed tendencies toward larger volumes in the prefrontal and parietal lobes, and smaller volumes in the right temporal lobe, right occipital lobe, and left cerebellum for the RG; these tendencies are in agreement with those proposed by the posterior-anterior shift in an aging model. Cortical-thickness analyses yielded a significant correlation between cortical thickness and years of education in the prefrontal and inferior-temporal regions, and larger cortical thickness in the RG, independent of age and years of education, in the right superior temporal region. These results suggest changes in the cortical thickness of structures related to memory and visuospatial functions in healthy, cognitively normal individuals before the appearance of cognitive decline. Thus, the performance of healthy elderly individuals with EEG risk may only be slightly different from normal because of compensation mechanisms allowing them to fulfill daily-life tasks, masking structural changes during preclinical neurocognitive disorders.
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26
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Li G, Lv J, Wang J, Wan P, Li Y, Jiang H, Jin Q. GABA B receptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus are involved in spatial learning and memory impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:190-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Corriveau RA, Bosetti F, Emr M, Gladman JT, Koenig JI, Moy CS, Pahigiannis K, Waddy SP, Koroshetz W. The Science of Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID): A Framework for Advancing Research Priorities in the Cerebrovascular Biology of Cognitive Decline. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:281-8. [PMID: 27095366 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that 47.5 million people are affected by dementia worldwide. With aging populations and 7.7 million new cases each year, the burden of illness due to dementia approaches crisis proportions. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading dementia diagnosis, the actual causes of dementia in affected individuals are unknown except for rare fully penetrant genetic forms. Evidence from epidemiology and pathology studies indicates that damage to the vascular system is associated with an increased risk of many types of dementia. Both Alzheimer's pathology and cerebrovascular disease increase with age. How AD affects small blood vessel function and how vascular dysfunction contributes to the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's are areas of intense research. The science of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) integrates diverse aspects of biology and incorporates the roles of multiple cell types that support the function of neural tissue. Because of the proven ability to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease and hypertension with population benefits for heart and stroke outcomes, it is proposed that understanding and targeting the biological mechanisms of VCID can have a similarly positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick A Corriveau
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA.
| | - Francesca Bosetti
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Marian Emr
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Jordan T Gladman
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - James I Koenig
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Claudia S Moy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Katherine Pahigiannis
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Salina P Waddy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Walter Koroshetz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
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28
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Padula CB, Weitlauf JC, Rosen AC, Reiber G, Cochrane BB, Naughton MJ, Li W, Rissling M, Yaffe K, Hunt JR, Stefanick ML, Goldstein MK, Espeland MA. Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories of Women Veterans from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2016; 56:115-25. [PMID: 26615021 PMCID: PMC4906317 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY A comparison of longitudinal global cognitive functioning in women Veteran and non-Veteran participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 7,330 women aged 65-79 at baseline who participated in the WHI Hormone Therapy Trial and its ancillary Memory Study (WHIMS). Global cognitive functioning (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MSE]) in Veterans (n = 279) and non-Veterans (n = 7,051) was compared at baseline and annually for 8 years using generalized linear modeling methods. RESULTS Compared with non-Veterans, Veteran women were older, more likely to be Caucasian, unmarried, and had higher rates of educational and occupational attainment. Results of unadjusted baseline analyses suggest 3MSE scores were similar between groups. Longitudinal analyses, adjusted for age, education, ethnicity, and WHI trial assignment revealed differences in the rate of cognitive decline between groups over time, such that scores decreased more in Veterans relative to non-Veterans. This relative difference was more pronounced among Veterans who were older, had higher educational/occupational attainment and greater baseline prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., smoking) and cardiovascular disease (e.g., angina, stroke). IMPLICATIONS Veteran status was associated with higher prevalence of protective factors that may have helped initially preserve cognitive functioning. However, findings ultimately revealed more pronounced cognitive decline among Veteran relative to non-Veteran participants, likely suggesting the presence of risks that may impact neuropathology and the effects of which were initially masked by Veterans' greater cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia B Padula
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra Pacific MIRECC and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
| | - Julie C Weitlauf
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra Pacific MIRECC and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Center for Innovation to Implementation, Palo Alto, California
| | - Allyson C Rosen
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra Pacific MIRECC and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Gayle Reiber
- Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Michelle J Naughton
- Division of Population Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester. Department of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Michelle Rissling
- Durham VA Medical Center, Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco VA Medical Center, Sierra Pacific MIRECC, California
| | - Julie R Hunt
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Department of Medicine (Stanford Center for Prevention Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, California. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Mary K Goldstein
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, GRECC, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Primary Care & Outcomes Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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29
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Betaine reverses the memory impairments in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model. Neurosci Lett 2016; 615:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Chen JH, Yen YC, Liu SH, Lee FP, Lin KC, Lai MT, Wu CC, Chen TM, Yuan SP, Chang CL, Wu SY. Dementia Risk in Irradiated Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1983. [PMID: 26559280 PMCID: PMC4912274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with head and neck cancer are treated through surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy (CT). Carotid artery damage and neurotoxicity were previously observed in these patients. This study estimated the dementia risk associated with different treatment modalities in a head and neck cancer population with long-term follow-up. Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims database and a cancer registry database from the Collaboration Center of Health Information Application were linked for the present analysis. Patients with head and neck cancer, treated from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2010, were included in the study. The follow-up duration was the period from the index date to December 31, 2012. Inclusion criteria were head and neck cancer; an age >20 years; and having undergone surgery, CT, concurrent CT, or surgery with adjuvant treatment. Exclusion criteria were another cancer diagnosed before the head and neck cancer, death or being diagnosed with dementia within 2 years after the treatment of the head and neck cancer, stroke before the index date, distant metastasis, in situ carcinoma, sarcoma, head and neck cancer recurrence, an unknown sex, and an age <20 years. In total, 20,135 patients were included. In patient groups that underwent surgery alone, surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy alone, the dementia incidence per 1000 person-years was 1.44, 1.04, and 1.98, respectively. The crude hazard ratio (HR) of dementia was 1.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-2.81) in the RT with or without CT group. After adjustment for age, sex, clinical stage, and comorbidity, the HR was 1.92 (95% CI 1.14-3.24). Examining the dementia risk in patients who received different treatment modalities according to the Cox proportional-hazard model revealed that an age >65 years and having undergone RT with or without CT were risk factors (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015; and HRs of 16.5 and 1.92, respectively). The dementia risk in patients at different clinical stages was not significantly different among the various treatment groups, regardless of whether the patients received RT. However, younger (<65 y) patients who received RT with or without CT had a 2.96-fold (95% CI 1.24-7.08) higher risk of dementia and a 3.54-fold (95% CI 1.32-9.51) higher adjusted HR compared with the surgery-alone group. Patients who received a total radiation dose >6660 cGy exhibited a 1.69-fold (95% CI 0.97-2.95, P = 0.063) higher dementia risk compared with those who received a total radiation dose <6660 cGy. Receiving a higher radiation dose increased the dementia risk and persistently escalated the dementia incidence even 9 years after RT. Younger (<65 y) patients have a high risk of dementia after RT. The selection of young patients for dose de-escalation requires improvement for reducing irradiation to the neck and areas near brain tissues, particularly in Taiwan, where the median patient age is 53 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Chen
- From the Biostatistics Center and School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University (J-HC, Y-CY); Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (S-HL, S-YW); Department of Otorhinolaryngology (F-PL, M-TL, C-CW, T-MC, S-PY); Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (K-CL); Department of Hemato-Oncology (C-LC); Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University (S-YW); Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei (S-YW); and Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China (S-YW)
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31
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Souillard-Mandar W, Davis R, Rudin C, Au R, Libon DJ, Swenson R, Price CC, Lamar M, Penney DL. Learning Classification Models of Cognitive Conditions from Subtle Behaviors in the Digital Clock Drawing Test. Mach Learn 2015; 102:393-441. [PMID: 27057085 DOI: 10.1007/s10994-015-5529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Clock Drawing Test - a simple pencil and paper test - has been used for more than 50 years as a screening tool to differentiate normal individuals from those with cognitive impairment, and has proven useful in helping to diagnose cognitive dysfunction associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other dementias and conditions. We have been administering the test using a digitizing ballpoint pen that reports its position with considerable spatial and temporal precision, making available far more detailed data about the subject's performance. Using pen stroke data from these drawings categorized by our software, we designed and computed a large collection of features, then explored the tradeoffs in performance and interpretability in classifiers built using a number of different subsets of these features and a variety of different machine learning techniques. We used traditional machine learning methods to build prediction models that achieve high accuracy. We operationalized widely used manual scoring systems so that we could use them as benchmarks for our models. We worked with clinicians to define guidelines for model interpretability, and constructed sparse linear models and rule lists designed to be as easy to use as scoring systems currently used by clinicians, but more accurate. While our models will require additional testing for validation, they offer the possibility of substantial improvement in detecting cognitive impairment earlier than currently possible, a development with considerable potential impact in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall Davis
- MIT Computer Science And Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Tel.: +1-617-253-5879,
| | - Cynthia Rudin
- MIT Computer Science And Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,
| | - Rhoda Au
- Boston University School of Medicine,
| | - David J Libon
- Drexel Neuroscience Institute, Drexel University College of Medicine,
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Li H, Wang J, Wang P, Rao Y, Chen L. Resveratrol Reverses the Synaptic Plasticity Deficits in a Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rat Model. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 25:122-8. [PMID: 26456198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is the most prevalent neurological disease in aged people. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is one of the causes of vascular dementia (VaD) and is also an etiological factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, effective therapy for those two diseases is still missing. Resveratrol is a polyphenol produced by plants that have multiple biological functions, such as increased life span and delay in the onset of diseases associated with aging. It is known supplement with resveratrol could exert neuroprotection against multiple injury factors induced neuronal death and degeneration, as well as the cognitive decline of CCH rat model. METHODS The morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memory, electrophysiological recording was used to detect the synaptic plasticity, the Golgi staining was used to examine the change of dendritic spines, the western blot was used to detect the proteins levels. RESULTS We reported that resveratrol pretreatment effectively restore the synaptic plasticity in CCH rats both functional and structural. We also found that the PKA-CREB activation may be a major player in resveratrol-mediated neuroprotection in CCH model. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the mechanistic evidence for the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, West China Hospital, Sichuang University, China
| | - Yan Rao
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
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Acupuncture for Vascular Dementia: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:161439. [PMID: 26495416 PMCID: PMC4606072 DOI: 10.1155/2015/161439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this trial, patients who agreed to random assignment were allocated to a randomized acupuncture group (R-acupuncture group) or control group. Those who declined randomization were assigned to a nonrandomized acupuncture group (NR-acupuncture group). Patients in the R-acupuncture group and NR-acupuncture group received up to 21 acupuncture sessions during a period of 6 weeks plus routine care, while the control group received routine care alone. Cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life were assessed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL), and dementia quality of life questionnaire (DEMQOL), respectively. All the data were collected at baseline, after 6-week treatment, and after 4-week follow-up. No significant differences of MMSE scores were observed among the three groups but pooled-acupuncture group had significant higher score than control group. Compared to control group, ADL score significantly decreased in NR-acupuncture group and pooled-acupuncture group. For DEMQOL scores, no significant differences were observed among the three groups, as well as between pooled-acupuncture group and control group. Additional acupuncture to routine care may have beneficial effects on the improvements of cognitive status and activities of daily living but have limited efficacy on health-related quality of life in VaD patients.
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Walker JM, Harrison FE. Shared Neuropathological Characteristics of Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Impacts on Cognitive Decline. Nutrients 2015; 7:7332-57. [PMID: 26340637 PMCID: PMC4586536 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as older individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has increased. While the consumption of diets high in fat (total and saturated) have been linked to increased risk of AD, diets rich in antioxidants, polyunsaturated fats, and omega-3 fatty acids are associated with decreased risk. Additionally, AD patients are at increased risk for developing T2DM. Recent research suggests that there are stronger similarities between AD and T2DM than have previously been considered. Here we review the neurocognitive and inflammatory effects of high-fat diet consumption, its relationship to AD, and the treatment potential of dietary interventions that may decrease risk of cognitive decline and other associated neuropathological changes, such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Walker
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2213 Garland Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2213 Garland Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Rodríguez García P, Rodríguez García D. Diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment and its main categories. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Le XT, Nguyet Pham HT, Van Nguyen T, Minh Nguyen K, Tanaka K, Fujiwara H, Matsumoto K. Protective effects of Bacopa monnieri on ischemia-induced cognitive deficits in mice: the possible contribution of bacopaside I and underlying mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:37-45. [PMID: 25660331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (BM) is a medicinal plant which has been not only used as a traditional medicine to improve intelligence and memory but also taken as vegetables in Vietnam for a long time. We previously demonstrated that Bacopa monnieri (BM) alcohol extract attenuated olfactory bulbectomy-induced cognitive deficits and the deterioration of septo-hippocampal cholinergic neurons, suggesting the beneficial effects of BM for dementia patients. AIM OF STUDY The present study was conducted to further clarify the anti-dementia effects of BM, using transient 2 vessels occlusion (T2VO)-induced cognitive deficits in mice, an animal model of vascular dementia, and also to investigate the constituent(s) contributing to the actions of BM, using oxygen- and glucose-deprivation (OGD)-induced hippocampal cell damage as an in vitro model of ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the in vivo experiments, T2VO mice were treated daily with a standardized BM extract (50mg/kg, p.o.) 1 week before and continuously 3 days after surgery. In the in vitro experiments, organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) were incubated with triterpenoid saponins from BM (bacosides) or MK-801 1h before and during a 45-min period of OGD. Neuronal cell damage in OHSCs was analyzed by measurement of propidium iodide uptake 24h after OGD. RESULTS The BM treatment significantly ameliorated T2VO-induced impairments in non-spatial short term memory performance in the object recognition test. Among the bacosides tested in the in vitro experiments using OHSCs, bacopaside I (25 μM) exhibited potent neuroprotective effects against OGD-induced neuronal cell damage. Double staining with TUNEL and PI revealed that OGD caused necrosis and apoptosis and that bacopaside I attenuated the effects of OGD. The neuroprotective effects of bacopaside I were blocked by the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002, but not by the ERK inhibitor U0126. OGD reduced the level of phospho-Akt (p-Akt), an anti-apoptotic factor, in OHSCs. This decrease was reversed by bacopaside I. Moreover, the treatment with bacopaside I itself was able to elevate the level of p-Akt in OHSCs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BM was beneficial for the prevention of cognitive deficits related to cerebral ischemia and also that bacopaside I, via PKC and PI3K/Akt mechanisms, played a role in the neuroprotective effects of BM observed in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xoan Thi Le
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung Str., Hoan Kiem Dist., Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hang Thi Nguyet Pham
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung Str., Hoan Kiem Dist., Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tai Van Nguyen
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung Str., Hoan Kiem Dist., Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Khoi Minh Nguyen
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung Str., Hoan Kiem Dist., Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nogi-Higashi, Kusatsu-shi, Siga 525-0058, Japan
| | - Hironori Fujiwara
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Ebrahimi A, Poorbafrani M, Omranifard V, Samandari S, Noori F. Preparing a persian version of kimberley indigenous cognitive assessment for assessing the cognitive problems of illiterate geriatric patients. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:7. [PMID: 25625113 PMCID: PMC4300600 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.148288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of dementia is increasing rapidly. With the recognized high rate of illiteracy among geriatric patients, preparing an appropriate device for special screening among the low-educated elderly seems to be necessary. The aim of this study is to prepare and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA) in Iranian adults, in 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eighty elders participated in this psychometric study. Ninety patients with dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, who had been admitted to Geriatrics and Neurology in some of the private clinics in Esfahan, Iran, in 2012, were selected. The rest of the participants were normal persons with the same demographic characteristics as the dementia group, who were selected from the patients' acquaintances and from the Retired Personnel Organization. The statistical tools were the KICA scale, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE). RESULTS The best clinical cutoff point of the test was 31, with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 88%. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of KICA was 0.93. Among the KICA's subscales, the maximum Cronbach's alpha coefficient belonged to Praxis (α = 0.933) and the minimum one belonged to Delayed Recall (α = 0.927). The correlation coefficients of the KICA score with MMSE and 3MSE were 0.58 and 0.57, respectively. CONCLUSION The KICA test has been seen to be a reliable and valid tool to assess cognitive impairment in the aged people of Iran. The KICA test can be used as a cognitive assessment test for distinguishing patients with dementia, especially illiterate ones from other healthy people in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrollah Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Poorbafrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Victoria Omranifard
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Said Samandari
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Noori
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Castro-Chavira SA, Fernandez T, Nicolini H, Diaz-Cintra S, Prado-Alcala RA. Genetic markers in biological fluids for aging-related major neurocognitive disorder. Curr Alzheimer Res 2015; 12:200-9. [PMID: 25731625 PMCID: PMC4443795 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150302155138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related major neurocognitive disorder (NCD), formerly named dementia, comprises of the different acquired diseases whose primary deficit is impairment in cognitive functions such as complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual/motor skills, and social cognition, and that are related to specific brain regions and/or networks. According to its etiology, the most common subtypes of major NCDs are due to Alzheimer' s disease (AD), vascular disease (VaD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These pathologies are frequently present in mixed forms, i.e., AD plus VaD or AD plus LBD, thus diagnosed as due to multiple etiologies. In this paper, the definitions, criteria, pathologies, subtypes and genetic markers for the most common age-related major NCD subtypes are summarized. The current diagnostic criteria consider cognitive decline leading to major NCD or dementia as a progressive degenerative process with an underlying neuropathology that begins before the manifestation of symptoms. Biomarkers associated with this asymptomatic phase are being developed as accurate risk factor and biomarker assessments are fundamental to provide timely treatment since no treatments to prevent or cure NCD yet exist. Biological fluid assessment represents a safer, cheaper and less invasive method compared to contrast imaging studies to predict NCD appearance. Genetic factors particularly have a key role not only in predicting development of the disease but also the age of onset as well as the presentation of comorbidities that may contribute to the disease pathology and trigger synergistic mechanisms which may, in turn, accelerate the neurodegenerative process and its resultant behavioral and functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R A Prado-Alcala
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Boulevard Universitario # 3001, Juriquilla, Queretaro. C. P. 76230, Queretaro, Mexico.
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From chronic cerebral hypoperfusion to Alzheimer-like brain pathology and neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:101-10. [PMID: 25352419 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a common consequence of various cerebral vascular disorders and hemodynamic and blood changes. Recent studies have revealed an important role of CCH in neurodegeneration and dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This article reviews the recent advances in understanding CCH-induced neurodegeneration and AD-related brain pathology and cognitive impairment. We discuss the causes and assessment of CCH, the possible mechanisms by which CCH promotes Alzheimer-like pathology and neurodegeneration, and animal models of CCH. It appears that CCH promotes neurodegeneration and AD through multiple mechanisms, including induction of oxidative stress, Aβ accumulation and aggravation, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, white matter lesion, and neuroinflammation. Better understanding of the mechanisms of CCH will help develop therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating neurodegeneration, including sporadic AD and vascular dementia, caused by CCH.
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Wang W, Fang J, Lei B. Blood pressure levels and prognosis of intracranial trauma patients with cognitive dysfunction. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:769-72. [PMID: 25097514 PMCID: PMC4121695 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.304.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of blood pressure levels on prognosis of intracranial trauma patients with cognitive dysfunction. Methods: One hundred and twenty intracranial trauma patients enrolled in our hospital from February 2011 to July 2013 were selected, including 40 hypertension and 80 non-hypertension cases. They were investigated by MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scales, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the MoCA, visuospatial executive function, attention, language, delayed recall, MMSE, orientation and memory scores of the hypertension group were significantly lower. Unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that age, history of cerebrovascular disease and triglyceride level were the independent risk factors of cognitive function. Conclusion: The blood pressure levels of intracranial trauma patients were associated with cognitive function, with age, history of cerebrovascular disease and triglyceride level as the independent risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to control blood pressure level to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Wang
- Weiyu Wang, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junbiao Fang
- Weiyu Wang, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bing Lei
- Bing Lei, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Leibing A. The earlier the better: Alzheimer's prevention, early detection, and the quest for pharmacological interventions. Cult Med Psychiatry 2014; 38:217-36. [PMID: 24668497 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-014-9370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although the risk factors, biomarkers, and medications for Alzheimer's disease appear to be almost identical in 1993 and 2013, profound changes can de detected throughout this time period. This article maps these recent changes in the conceptualization of Alzheimer's disease, especially the emerging trend toward prevention. While some preventive practices (e.g., brain training) and the search for early signs and biomarkers (such as APOEε4) have existed for a long time, the recent broadening of scope to include cardiovascular risk factors and their prevention, paired with pre-symptomatic detection of disease-specific biomarkers, has considerably impacted the conventional understanding of this syndrome and the possibilities for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The rationale for emphasizing multiple logics when explaining these changes is to avoid simplified argumentative pathways that exist among some scientists.
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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a laboratory to study dementia in the elderly. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:169203. [PMID: 24877062 PMCID: PMC4022117 DOI: 10.1155/2014/169203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The steady and dramatic increase in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the lack of effective treatments have stimulated the search for strategies to prevent or delay its onset and/or progression. Since the diagnosis of dementia requires a number of established features that are present when the disease is fully developed, but not always in the early stages, the need for a biological marker has proven to be urgent, in terms of both diagnosis and monitoring of AD. AD has been shown to affect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that are a critical component of the immune system which provide defence against infection. Although studies are continuously supplying additional data that emphasize the central role of inflammation in AD, PBMCs have not been sufficiently investigated in this context. Delineating biochemical alterations in AD blood constituents may prove valuable in identifying accessible footprints that reflect degenerative processes within the Central Nervous System (CNS). In this review, we address the role of biomarkers in AD with a focus on the notion that PBMCs may serve as a peripheral laboratory to find molecular signatures that could aid in differential diagnosis with other forms of dementia and in monitoring of disease progression.
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Zhao Y, Gu JH, Dai CL, Liu Q, Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes decrease of O-GlcNAcylation, hyperphosphorylation of tau and behavioral deficits in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:10. [PMID: 24575038 PMCID: PMC3918671 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is one of the causes of vascular dementia (VaD) and is also an etiological factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, how CCH causes cognitive impairment and contributes to Alzheimer’s pathology is poorly understood. Here we produced a mouse model of CCH by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) and studied the behavioral changes and brain abnormalities in mice 2.5 months after UCCAO. We found that CCH caused significant short-term memory deficits and mild long-term spatial memory impairment, as well as decreased level of protein O-GlcNAcylation, increased level of tau phosphorylation, dysregulated synaptic proteins and insulin signaling, and selective neurodegeneration in the brain. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the effects of CCH on memory and cognition and the likely link between AD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, China ; Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island, NY, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Nantong University Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Ling Dai
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island, NY, USA
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Protective effects of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 against hippocampal apoptosis and spatial learning and memory deficits in a rat model of vascular dementia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:215798. [PMID: 24455679 PMCID: PMC3886604 DOI: 10.1155/2013/215798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease resulting from chronic hypoxia. In the present study, we examined the protective effects of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 against hippocampal apoptosis and spatial learning and memory deficits in a chronic hypoperfusion rat model of VaD established by permanent bilateral carotid occlusion (2-VO). Sixty rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, VaD model, and VaD plus SB202190 groups (n = 20/group). After sham/2-VO surgery, rats were administered 0.1% DMSO (sham-operated and VaD groups) or SB202190 by intracerebroventricular injection. One week after inhibitor/vehicle treatment, hippocampal p38 MAPK phosphorylation was higher in the model group than in the SB202190 group (P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, the SB202190 group exhibited significantly shorter escape latencies in the Morris water maze hidden platform trials (P < 0.01) and longer times in the original platform quadrant during probe trials (P < 0.01). The SB202190 group also showed significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus compared to VaD model rats (P < 0.01) as well as higher (antiapoptotic) Bcl-2 expression and lower (proapoptotic) caspase-3 expression (P < 0.01 for both). In conclusion, blockade of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by SB202190 following permanent 2-OV reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and rescued spatial learning and memory deficits.
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Majláth Z, Tajti J, Vécsei L. Kynurenines and other novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of dementia. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2013; 6:386-97. [PMID: 24228074 DOI: 10.1177/1756285613494989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a common neuropsychological disorder with an increasing incidence. The most prevalent type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. The underlying pathophysiological features of the cognitive decline are neurodegenerative processes, a cerebrovascular dysfunction and immunological alterations. The therapeutic approaches are still limited, although intensive research is being conducted with the aim of finding neuroprotective strategies. The widely accepted cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate antagonists did not meet expectations of preventing disease progression, and research is therefore currently focusing on novel targets. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, secretase inhibitors and statins are promising drug candidates for the prevention and management of different forms of dementia. The kynurenine pathway has been associated with various neurodegenerative disorders and cerebrovascular diseases. This pathway is also closely related to neuroinflammatory processes and it has been implicated in the pathomechanisms of certain kinds of dementia. Targeting the kynurenine system may be of therapeutic value in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Majláth
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Zhang SJ, Xue ZY. Effect of Western medicine therapy assisted by Ginkgo biloba tablet on vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:661-4. [PMID: 22840457 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the clinical effects of Western medicine therapy assisted by Ginkgo biloba tablet (GBT) on patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia (VCIND). METHODS A total of 80 patients with VCIND were divided into two groups randomly: Conventional treatment group (control group) and combined treatment group. Conventional treatment group was given conventional treatment with anti-platelet aggregation. In this group, 75 mg aspirin was given three times a day for 3 months. While in combined treatment group, 19.2 mg GBT was given three times a day for 3 months together with conventional treatment (anti-platelet aggregation drugs). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) were used to observe changes of cognitive ability and cerebral blood flow in VCIND patients before and after treatment in both groups. Then the clinical data were analyzed so as to compare the efficacy in two groups. RESULTS After 3 month-treatment in combined treatment group, the scores of executive ability, attention, abstract, delayed memory, orientation in the MoCA were significantly increased compared with those before treatment and those in control group after treatment. Besides, blood flow velocity of anterior cerebral artery increased significantly than that before treatment and that in control group after treatment. CONCLUSIONS GBT tablet can improve the therapeutic efficacy as well improve cognitive ability and cerebral blood flow supply of patients with VCIND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450003, China.
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Sharma B, Singh N. Defensive effect of natrium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (NDDCT) and lisinopril in DOCA-salt hypertension-induced vascular dementia in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 223:307-17. [PMID: 22526544 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular dementia and hypertension are increasing day by day, with a high degree of co-occurrence. Tremendous amount of research work is required so that new pharmacological agents may be identified for their appropriate therapeutic utility to combat different dementing disorders. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effect of natrium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (NDDCT), a nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor, as well as lisinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension-induced vascular dementia in rats. METHODS DOCA was used to induce hypertension and associated vascular dementia. Morris water maze (MWM) was used for testing learning and memory. Endothelial function was assessed by acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic strips. Different biochemical estimations were used to assess oxidative stress (aortic superoxide anion, serum and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and brain glutathione), nitric oxide levels (serum nitrite/nitrate), and cholinergic activity (brain acetyl cholinesterase activity). RESULTS DOCA treatment significantly raised the mean arterial blood pressure of rats, and these hypertensive rats performed poorly on MWM, reflecting impairment of learning and memory. DOCA treatment also impaired vascular endothelial function and different biochemical parameters. Treatments of NDDCT as well as lisinopril significantly attenuated DOCA hypertension-induced impairment of learning and memory, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in various biochemical levels. CONCLUSIONS DOCA-salt hypertension induces vascular dementia in rats. NF-κB as well as ACE inhibitors may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of hypertension-induced vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002 Punjab, India.
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Vercambre MN, Grodstein F, Berr C, Kang JH. Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline in women with cardiovascular disease or risk factors. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:816-23. [PMID: 22709809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease and vascular risk factors increase rates of cognitive impairment, but very little is known regarding prevention in this high-risk group. The heart-healthy Mediterranean-type dietary pattern may beneficially influence both vascular and cognitive outcomes. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between Mediterranean-style diet and cognitive decline in women with prevalent vascular disease or ≥3 coronary risk factors. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Prospective cohort study among 2,504 women participants in the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study (WACS), a cohort of female health professionals. Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet was determined at WACS baseline (1995-1996) using a 0- to 9-point scale with higher scores indicating higher adherence. In 1998-2000, participants aged ≥65 years underwent a telephone cognitive battery including five tests of global cognition, verbal memory, and category fluency. Tests were administered three additional times across 5.4 years. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED We used multivariable-adjusted generalized linear models for repeated measures to compare the annual rates of cognitive score changes across tertiles of Mediterranean diet score, as assessed at WACS baseline. RESULTS In both basic- and multivariable-adjusted models, consuming a Mediterranean-style diet was not related to cognitive decline. No effect modification was detected by age, education, depression, cardiovascular disease severity at WACS baseline, or level of cognition at initial assessment. CONCLUSIONS In women at higher risk of cognitive decline due to vascular disease or risk factors, adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet was not associated with subsequent 5-year cognitive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noël Vercambre
- Foundation for Public Health, Mutuelle Generale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Paris, France
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Experimental hypertension induced vascular dementia: Pharmacological, biochemical and behavioral recuperation by angiotensin receptor blocker and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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