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Zhu H, Liu J, Zhou J, Jin Y, Zhao Q, Jiang X, Gao H. Notopterygium incisum roots extract (NRE) alleviates neuroinflammation pathology in Alzheimer's disease through TLR4-NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118651. [PMID: 39094757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang, also called 'Qianghuo', is a distinct umbelliferae plant in China. The rhizomes and roots of Notopterygium incisum have long been used to treat headaches, colds, analgesia and rheumatoid arthritis. It is a main traditional Chinese medicine in Qianghuo Yufeng Decoction, which was used to treat diseases such as liver and kidney insufficiency, mental paralysis and dementia. AIM OF THIS STUDY As the most common dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complicated pathogenesis. So far, there is no effective drug to prevent its pathological process. Previous research has shown that Notopterygium incisum root extract (NRE) may inhibit the release of Aβ and the activation of tau in mice with AD. However, the effect of NRE on the pathological process of neuroinflammation is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in BV2 cells exposed to LPS/Aβ42 after treated with NRE. APP/PS1 and LPS-induced C57BL/6 neuroinflammatory mice were given NRE for 8 weeks and 5 days respectively to detect the pathological changes of neuroinflammation. RESULTS The findings showed that NRE had a notable inhibitory effect on the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in BV2 cells induced by LPS/Aβ42. The results of in vivo experiments show that following NRE treatment, there was a notable decrease in the number of activated microglia in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice as indicated by immunofluorescence results. Sholl analysis showed that microglia branches increased in NRE group, indicating that M1 microglia activation was inhibited. In the mice model injected with LPS in the tail vein, PCR and Western Blot results confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of NRE, Nissl staining showed the protective effect of NRE on neurons, and immunofluorescence results also indicated that the activation of M1 microglia was inhibited. CONCLUSION These results suggest that long term oral administration of NRE may inhibit neuroinflammation in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Reichert Plaska C, Heslegrave A, Bruno D, Ramos-Cejudo J, Han Lee S, Osorio R, Imbimbo BP, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Pomara N. Evidence for reduced anti-inflammatory microglial phagocytic response in late-life major depression. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:248-255. [PMID: 38795783 PMCID: PMC11270917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are not understood. While it is well established that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble levels of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) increase during early stages of AD, how sTREM2 levels behave in subjects with MDD is not known. In a longitudinal study, we measured CSF sTREM2 levels in 27 elderly cognitively intact individuals with late-life major depression (LLMD) and in 19 healthy controls. We tested the hypothesis that, similarly to what happens in early stages of AD, CSF sTREM2 would be elevated in MDD. In addition, we compared the associations of CSF sTREM2, pro- and anti- inflammatory, and AD biomarkers in LLMD and control subjects. Surprisingly, we found that mean CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly reduced in LLMD compared to controls. This reduction was no longer significant at the 3-year follow-up visit when depression severity improved. In addition, we found that CSF sTREM2 was associated with AD biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines in controls but not in LLMD. These findings suggest that impaired microglia phagocytic response to AD pathology may be a novel link between MDD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Reichert Plaska
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime Ramos-Cejudo
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Clinical Research Department, Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research & Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Nunzio Pomara
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhong X, Gong S, Meng L, Yao W, Du K, Jiao L, Ma G, Liang J, Wei B, Jin X, Tong J, Dong J, Liu M, Gao M, Jia H, Jiang W, Yu Z, Wang Y, Sun X, Wei M, Liu M. Cordycepin Modulates Microglial M2 Polarization Coupled with Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming by Targeting HKII and PDK2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304687. [PMID: 38889331 PMCID: PMC11336950 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The microenvironment mediated by the microglia (MG) M1/M2 phenotypic switch plays a decisive role in the neuronal fate and cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the impact of metabolic reprogramming on microglial polarization and its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study reveals that cordycepin improved cognitive function and memory in APP/PS1 mice, as well as attenuated neuronal damage by triggering MG-M2 polarization and metabolic reprogramming characterized by increased OXPHOS and glycolysis, rather than directly protecting neurons. Simultaneously, cordycepin partially alleviates mitochondrial damage in microglia induced by inhibitors of OXPHOS and glycolysis, further promoting MG-M2 transformation and increasing neuronal survival. Through confirmation of cordycepin distribution in the microglial mitochondria via mitochondrial isolation followed by HPLC-MS/MS techniques, HKII and PDK2 are further identified as potential targets of cordycepin. By investigating the effects of HKII and PDK2 inhibitors, the mechanism through which cordycepin targeted HKII to elevate ECAR levels in the glycolysis pathway while targeting PDK2 to enhance OCR levels in PDH-mediated OXPHOS pathway, thereby inducing MG-M2 polarization, promoting neuronal survival and exerting an anti-AD role is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
- Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment CenterShenyangLiaoning11067China
| | | | - Weifan Yao
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
- Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment CenterShenyangLiaoning11067China
| | - Ke Du
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Linchi Jiao
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Guowei Ma
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Binbin Wei
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Junhui Tong
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Jianru Dong
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Menglin Gao
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Huachao Jia
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110002China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110165China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110002China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Science Experiment CenterChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
- Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment CenterShenyangLiaoning11067China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
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Donkor N, Gardner JJ, Bradshaw JL, Cunningham RL, Inman DM. Ocular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Result of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: A Rat Model of Sleep Apnea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:878. [PMID: 39061946 PMCID: PMC11273423 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent complete or partial occlusion of the airway. Despite a recognized association between OSA and glaucoma, the nature of the underlying link remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether mild OSA induces morphological, inflammatory, and metabolic changes in the retina resembling those seen in glaucoma using a rat model of OSA known as chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Rats were randomly assigned to either normoxic or CIH groups. The CIH group was exposed to periodic hypoxia during its sleep phase with oxygen reduction from 21% to 10% and reoxygenation in 6 min cycles over 8 h/day. The eyes were subsequently enucleated, and then the retinas were evaluated for retinal ganglion cell number, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, metabolic changes, and hypoxic response modulation using immunohistochemistry, multiplex assays, and capillary electrophoresis. Statistically significant differences were observed between normoxic and CIH groups for oxidative stress and inflammation, with CIH resulting in increased HIF-1α protein levels, higher oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG, and increased TNF-α. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 protein was significantly reduced with CIH. No significant differences were found in retinal ganglion cell number. Our findings suggest that CIH induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and upregulation of HIF-1α in the retina, akin to early-stage glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Donkor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Gardner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
| | - Jessica L. Bradshaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
| | - Rebecca L. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
| | - Denise M. Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Yin Y, Yang H, Li R, Wu G, Qin Q, Tang Y. A systematic review of the role of TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1684-1694. [PMID: 38915213 PMCID: PMC11268819 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the established genetic linkage between triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), an expanding research body has delved into the intricate role of TREM2 within the AD context. However, a conflicting landscape of outcomes has emerged from both in vivo and in vitro investigations. This study aimed to elucidate the multifaceted nuances and gain a clearer comprehension of the role of TREM2. METHODS PubMed database was searched spanning from its inception to January 2022. The search criteria took the form of ("Alzheimer's disease" OR "AD") AND ("transgenic mice model" OR "transgenic mouse model") AND ("Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells" OR "TREM2"). Inclusion criteria consisted of the following: (1) publication of original studies in English; (2) utilization of transgenic mouse models for AD research; and (3) reports addressing the subject of TREM2. RESULTS A total of 43 eligible articles were identified. Our analysis addresses four pivotal queries concerning the interrelation of TREM2 with microglial function, Aβ accumulation, tau pathology, and inflammatory processes. However, the diverse inquiries posed yielded inconsistent responses. Nevertheless, the inconsistent roles of TREM2 within these AD mouse models potentially hinge upon factors such as age, sex, brain region, model type, and detection methodologies. CONCLUSIONS This review substantiates the evolving understanding of TREM2's disease progression-dependent impacts. Furthermore, it reviews the interplay between TREM2 and its effects across diverse tissues and temporal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsi Yin
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hanchen Yang
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guangshan Wu
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qi Qin
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
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Islam R, Choudhary H, Rajan R, Vrionis F, Hanafy KA. An overview on microglial origin, distribution, and phenotype in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30829. [PMID: 35822939 PMCID: PMC9837313 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that is responsible for about one-third of dementia cases worldwide. It is believed that AD is initiated with the deposition of Ab plaques in the brain. Genetic studies have shown that a high number of AD risk genes are expressed by microglia, the resident macrophages of brain. Common mode of action by microglia cells is neuroinflammation and phagocytosis. Moreover, it has been discovered that inflammatory marker levels are increased in AD patients. Recent studies advocate that neuroinflammation plays a major role in AD progression. Microglia have different activation profiles depending on the region of brain and stimuli. In different activation, profile microglia can generate either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Microglia defend brain cells from pathogens and respond to injuries; also, microglia can lead to neuronal death along the way. In this review, we will bring the different roles played by microglia and microglia-related genes in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Hadi Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Robin Rajan
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Frank Vrionis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Khalid A. Hanafy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
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Liu Y, Li Y, Wei X, Ullah I, Uddin S, Wang J, Xia R, Wang M, Yang H, Li H. A comparative study on the effects of human serum albumin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone fusion proteins on the anti-neuroinflammatory in the central nervous system of adult mice. Neuropeptides 2024; 104:102410. [PMID: 38308948 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in the central nervous system (CNS) have been investigated for forty years. The clinical applications of α-MSH are limited due to its short half-life. Our previous study has indicated that the short half-life of α-MSH can be extended by fusion with carrier human serum albumin (HSA) and this fusion protein has also retained the anti-inflammatory effect on the CNS. This improvement is still far from the clinical requirements. Thus, we expected to enhance the half-life and activity of the fusion protein by optimizing the linker peptide to get closer to clinical requirements. In a previous study, we screened out two candidates in vitro experiments with a flexible linker peptide (fusion protein with flexible linker peptide, FPFL) and a rigid linker peptide (fusion protein with rigid linker peptide, FPRL), respectively. However, it was not sure whether the anti-inflammatory effects in vitro could be reproduced in vivo. Our results show that FPRL is the best candidate with a longer half-life compared to the traditional flexible linker peptides. Meanwhile, the ability of FPRL to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was enhanced, and the inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 was improved. We also found that the toxicity of FPRL was decreased. All of the results suggested that trying to choose the rigid linker peptide in some fusion proteins may be a potential choice for improving the unsatisfactory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Liu
- Biopharmaceutical International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wei
- Biopharmaceutical International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Inam Ullah
- Biopharmaceutical International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Biopharmaceutical International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatao Wang
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Runjie Xia
- Biopharmaceutical International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meizhu Wang
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Dingxi Road No. 229, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Biopharmaceutical International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China; Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Li L, He YL, Xu N, Wang XF, Song B, Tang BQ, Lee SMY. A natural small molecule aspidosperma-type alkaloid, hecubine, as a new TREM2 activator for alleviating lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103057. [PMID: 38325196 PMCID: PMC10863309 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), highly expressed by microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), can modulate neuroinflammatory responses. Currently, there are no approved drugs specifically targeting TREM2 for CNS diseases. Aspidosperma alkaloids have shown potential as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents. This study aimed to elucidate the potential therapeutic effect of Hecubine, a natural aspidosperma-type alkaloid, as a TREM2 activator in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neuroinflammation in in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CTSA) were employed to investigate the interaction between Hecubine and TREM2. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and shRNA gene knockdown were used to assess the anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant effects of Hecubine in microglial cells and zebrafish. Our results revealed that Hecubine directly interacted with TREM2, leading to its activation. Knockdown of TREM2 mRNA expression significantly abolished the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Hecubine on LPS-stimulated proinflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and oxidative stress in microglia cells. Furthermore, Hecubine upregulated Nrf2 expression levels while downregulating TLR4 signaling expression levels both in vivo and in vitro. Silencing TREM2 upregulated TLR4 and downregulated Nrf2 signaling pathways, mimicking the effect of Hecubine, further supporting TREM2 as the drug target by which Hecubine inhibits neuroinflammation. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify a small molecule, namely Hecubine directly targeting TREM2 to mediate anti-neuroinflammation and anti-oxidative effects, which serves as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neural inflammation-associated CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yu-Lin He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Medical Science, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, 528333, China
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China; School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ben-Qin Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medical Science, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, 528333, China.
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Brown GC, Heneka MT. The endotoxin hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38561809 PMCID: PMC10983749 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes much of the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, and if LPS enters the human body or brain can induce inflammation and act as an endotoxin. We outline the hypothesis here that LPS may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via peripheral infections or gut dysfunction elevating LPS levels in blood and brain, which promotes: amyloid pathology, tau pathology and microglial activation, contributing to the neurodegeneration of AD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: i) blood and brain levels of LPS are elevated in AD patients, ii) AD risk factors increase LPS levels or response, iii) LPS induces Aβ expression, aggregation, inflammation and neurotoxicity, iv) LPS induces TAU phosphorylation, aggregation and spreading, v) LPS induces microglial priming, activation and neurotoxicity, and vi) blood LPS induces loss of synapses, neurons and memory in AD mouse models, and cognitive dysfunction in humans. However, to test the hypothesis, it is necessary to test whether reducing blood LPS reduces AD risk or progression. If the LPS endotoxin hypothesis is correct, then treatments might include: reducing infections, changing gut microbiome, reducing leaky gut, decreasing blood LPS, or blocking LPS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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10
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Peng Y, Yang G, Wang S, Lin W, Zhu L, Dong W, Shen B, Nie Q, Hong S, Li L. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Deficiency Exacerbates Methamphetamine-Induced Activation of Microglia and Neuroinflammation. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:165-176. [PMID: 38006258 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231216397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most widely abused drugs worldwide. The continuous use of METH eventually leads to neurotoxicity and drug addiction. Studies have shown that neurotoxicity is strongly associated with METH-induced neuroinflammation, and microglia are the key drivers of neuroinflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is reported to play a key role in activation of microglia and neuroinflammation. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which METH causes neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the role of TREM2 in neuroinflammation induced by METH in BV2 cells and the wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice, CX3CR1GFP/+ transgenic mice, and TREM2 knockout (KO) mice. Postmortem samples from the frontal cortex of humans with a history of METH use were also analyzed to determine the levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, and IL-1β. The expression levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, IL-1β, iNOS, and Arg-1 were then assessed in the BV2 cells and frontal cortex of mice and human METH users. Results revealed that the expression levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, and IL-1β were significantly elevated in METH-using individuals and BV2 cells. Microglia were clearly activated in the frontal cortex of WT C57BL/6 mice and CX3CR1GFP/+ transgenic mice, and the protein levels of IBA1, TREM2, TLR4, and IL-1β were elevated in the METH-induced mouse models. Moreover, TREM2-KO mice showed further increased microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity induced by METH. Thus, these findings suggest that TREM2 may be a target for regulating METH-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Peng
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shangwen Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanrong Lin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Baoyu Shen
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qianyun Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shijun Hong
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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11
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Djurišić M. Immune receptors and aging brain. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20222267. [PMID: 38299364 PMCID: PMC10866841 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging brings about a myriad of degenerative processes throughout the body. A decrease in cognitive abilities is one of the hallmark phenotypes of aging, underpinned by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration occurring in the brain. This review focuses on the role of different immune receptors expressed in cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. We will discuss how immune receptors in the brain act as sentinels and effectors of the age-dependent shift in ligand composition. Within this 'old-age-ligand soup,' some immune receptors contribute directly to excessive synaptic weakening from within the neuronal compartment, while others amplify the damaging inflammatory environment in the brain. Ultimately, chronic inflammation sets up a positive feedback loop that increases the impact of immune ligand-receptor interactions in the brain, leading to permanent synaptic and neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Djurišić
- Departments of Biology, Neurobiology, and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
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12
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Feng S, Peng X, Wang Y. Microglial TLR4/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:75-88. [PMID: 38043010 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a pervasive neurodegenerative disease that is estimated to represent approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide, and the molecular complexity that has been highlighted remains poorly understood. The accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation are the major pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the years, there has been no apparent breakthrough in drug discovery based on the Aβ and tau hypotheses. Neuroinflammation has gradually become a hot spot in AD treatment research. As the primary cells of innate immunity in the central nervous system, microglia play a key role in neuroinflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes are vital molecules in neuroinflammation. In the pathological context of AD, the complex interplay between TLR4 and the NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia influences AD pathology via neuroinflammation. In this review, the effect of the activation and inhibition of TLR4 and NLRP3 in microglia on AD pathology, as well as the cross-talk between TLR4 and the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the influence of essential molecules in the relevant signaling pathway on AD pathology, were expounded. In addition, the feasibility of these factors in representing a potential treatment option for AD has been clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mulan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, China
| | - Sifan Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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13
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Hu Y, Guo H, Cheng S, Sun J, Du J, Liu X, Xiong Y, Chen L, Liu C, Wu C, Tian H. Functionalized Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles with Antioxidative Neuroprotection for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6797-6812. [PMID: 38026525 PMCID: PMC10658952 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s434873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) in the nervous system are significant contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerium dioxide and manganese oxide are known as to be effective and recyclable ROS scavengers with high efficiency in neuroprotection. Methods A hollow-structured manganese-doped cerium dioxide nanoparticle (LMC) was synthesized for loading Resveratrol (LMC-RES). The LMC-RES were characterized by TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, and X-ray energy spectrum analysis. We also tested the biocompatibility of LMC-RES and the ability of LMC-RES to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The antioxidant effects of LMC-RES were detected by SH-SY5Y cells. Small animal live imaging was used to detect the distribution of LMC-RES in the brain tissue of AD mice. The cognitive abilities of mice were tested by water maze and nesting experiments. The effects of LMC-RES in reducing oxidative stress and protecting neurons was also explored by histological analysis. Results The results showed that LMC-RES had good sustained release effect and biocompatibility. The drug release rate of LMC-RES at 24 hours was 80.9 ± 2.25%. Meanwhile, LMC-RES could cross the BBB and enrich in neurons to exert antioxidant effects. In Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells, LMC-RES could inhibits oxidative stress through the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In AD model mice, LMC-RES was able to reduce ROS levels, inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, and protect neurons and significantly improve cognitive deficits of AD mice after drug administration. Conclusion LMC-RES can effectively across the BBB, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit Aβ aggregation, and promote the recovery of neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqun Du
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobang Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS), Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Liqing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Jiang J, Shi H, Jiang S, Wang A, Zou X, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Sun M, Ren Q, Xu J. Nutrition in Alzheimer's disease: a review of an underappreciated pathophysiological mechanism. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2257-2279. [PMID: 37058185 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older individuals and is an escalating challenge to global public health. Pharmacy therapy of AD is one of the well-funded areas; however, little progress has been made due to the complex pathogenesis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that modifying risk factors and lifestyle may prevent or delay the incidence of AD by 40%, which suggests that the management should pivot from single pharmacotherapy toward a multipronged approach because AD is a complex and multifaceted disease. Recently, the gut-microbiota-brain axis has gained tremendous traction in the pathogenesis of AD through bidirectional communication with multiple neural, immune, and metabolic pathways, providing new insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Dietary nutrition is an important and profound environmental factor that influences the composition and function of the microbiota. The Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group recently found that dietary nutrition can affect cognition in AD-related dementia directly or indirectly through complex interactions of behavioral, genetic, systemic, and brain factors. Thus, considering the multiple etiologies of AD, nutrition represents a multidimensional factor that has a profound effect on AD onset and development. However, mechanistically, the effect of nutrition on AD is uncertain; therefore, optimal strategies or the timing of nutritional intervention to prevent or treat AD has not been established.Thus, this review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning nutritional disorders, AD patient and caregiver burden, and the roles of nutrition in the pathophysiology of AD. We aim to emphasize knowledge gaps to provide direction for future research and to establish optimal nutrition-based intervention strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Mengfan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiwei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
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15
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Li Y, Xu H, Wang H, Yang K, Luan J, Wang S. TREM2: Potential therapeutic targeting of microglia for Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115218. [PMID: 37517293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, resulting in the loss of cognitive ability and memory. However, there is no specific treatment to mechanistically inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's disease, and most drugs only provide symptom relief and do not fundamentally reverse AD. Current studies show that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is predominantly expressed in microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in microglia proliferation, survival, migration and phagocytosis. The current academic view suggests that TREM2 and its ligands have CNS protective effects in AD. Specifically, TREM2 acts by regulating the function of microglia and promoting the clearance of neuronal toxic substances and abnormal proteins by microglia. In addition, TREM2 is also involved in regulating inflammatory response and cell signaling pathways, affecting the immune response and regulatory role of microglia. Although the relationship between TREM2 and Alzheimer's disease has been extensively studied, its specific mechanism of action is not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research of TREM2, including its regulation of the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and phagocytosis in microglia of CNS in AD, and to explore the potential application prospects as well as limitations of targeting TREM2 for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.
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16
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Asveda T, Priti T, Ravanan P. Exploring microglia and their phenomenal concatenation of stress responses in neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2023:121920. [PMID: 37429415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cells are highly functioning but also extremely stress-sensitive cells. By defending the neuronal cells against pathogenic insults, microglial cells, a unique cell type, act as the frontline cavalry in the central nervous system (CNS). Their remarkable and unique ability to self-renew independently after their creation is crucial for maintaining normal brain function and neuroprotection. They have a wide range of molecular sensors that help maintain CNS homeostasis during development and adulthood. Despite being the protector of the CNS, studies have revealed that persistent microglial activation may be the root cause of innumerable neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyloid Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). From our vigorous review, we state that there is a possible interlinking between pathways of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, inflammation, and oxidative stress resulting in dysregulation of the microglial population, directly influencing the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, complement factors, free radicals, and nitric oxides leading to cell death via apoptosis. Recent research uses the suppression of these three pathways as a therapeutic approach to prevent neuronal death. Hence, in this review, we have spotlighted the advancement in microglial studies, which focus on their molecular defenses against multiple stresses, and current therapeutic strategies indirectly targeting glial cells for neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thankavelu Asveda
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Talwar Priti
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, 412G Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Leri M, Vasarri M, Carnemolla F, Oriente F, Cabaro S, Stio M, Degl'Innocenti D, Stefani M, Bucciantini M. EVOO Polyphenols Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects on the Microglia Cell through TREM2 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:933. [PMID: 37513845 PMCID: PMC10384320 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), microglia, brain resident immune cells, become chronically inflammatory and neurotoxic. In recent years, neuroinflammation has attracted particular interest in the scientific community. The genetic variants of molecules associated with ''microgliopathies'', including the triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), result in increased risk of developing AD and cognitive decline. We performed a set of in vitro assays using human neuronal (SH-SY5Y) and microglial (BV2 and C13NJ) cell models. Cells were differentially treated with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols, oleuropein aglycone (OleA) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) before adding LPS. We evaluated the protective effects of these EVOO products by a set of biochemical and cell biology assays, including ELISA, MTT, ROS detection, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Our results provide an integrated understanding of the neuroprotection exerted by polyphenols in terms of: (i) reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines release (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and RANTES); (ii) activation of the TREM2-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway; (iii) enhancement of protective microglial activity favoring the M2 polarization phenotype. Such findings provide new and important insights into the mechanisms by which the dietary olive polyphenols exert beneficial properties against neuroinflammation and neuronal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Carnemolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Stio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Donatella Degl'Innocenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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18
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de Sousa JAC, Azul FVCS, de Araújo AB, Tomé RC, Silva FRM, de Vasconcelos SMM, Rios FJ, Leal LKAM. Epiisopiloturine, an Alkaloid from Pilocarpus microphyllus, Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation by Interfering in the TLR4/NF- κB-MAPK Signaling Pathway in Microglial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4752502. [PMID: 37151606 PMCID: PMC10162877 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4752502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is present in the pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia have a prominent role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory process. Epiisopiloturine (EPI) is an imidazole alkaloid obtained as a by-product of pilocarpine extracted from Pilocarpus microphyllus (jaborandi) and has shown promising anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EPI on the inflammatory response in microglial cells (BV-2 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored putative underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell viability was not affected by EPI (1-100 μg/mL) as assessed by both LDH activity and the MTT test. Pretreatment with EPI (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) significantly reduced the proinflammatory response induced by LPS, as observed by a decrease in nitrite oxide production and iNOS protein expression. EPI (25 μg/mL) reduced IL-6 and TNF-α production, by 40% and 34%, respectively. However, no changes were observed in the anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Mechanistically, EPI inhibited the TLR4 expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2) induced by LPS, but no changes were observed in TREM2 receptor expression in LPS-stimulated cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the potent anti-inflammatory properties of EPI in microglial cells. These effects are associated with the reduction of TLR4 expression and inhibition of intracellular signaling cascades, including NF-κB and MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Costa de Sousa
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vinícius Clemente Serra Azul
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Bruna de Araújo
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Colares Tomé
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Raysse Mesquita Silva
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco José Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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19
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Łasut-Szyszka B, Rusin M. The Wheel of p53 Helps to Drive the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087645. [PMID: 37108808 PMCID: PMC10143509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is best known as an inhibitor of the cell cycle and an inducer of apoptosis. Unexpectedly, these functions of p53 are not required for its tumor suppressive activity in animal models. High-throughput transcriptomic investigations as well as individual studies have demonstrated that p53 stimulates expression of many genes involved in immunity. Probably to interfere with its immunostimulatory role, many viruses code for proteins that inactivate p53. Judging by the activities of immunity-related p53-regulated genes it can be concluded that p53 is involved in detection of danger signals, inflammasome formation and activation, antigen presentation, activation of natural killer cells and other effectors of immunity, stimulation of interferon production, direct inhibition of virus replication, secretion of extracellular signaling molecules, production of antibacterial proteins, negative feedback loops in immunity-related signaling pathways, and immunologic tolerance. Many of these p53 functions have barely been studied and require further, more detailed investigations. Some of them appear to be cell-type specific. The results of transcriptomic studies have generated many new hypotheses on the mechanisms utilized by p53 to impact on the immune system. In the future, these mechanisms may be harnessed to fight cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Łasut-Szyszka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
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20
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Williams E, Mutlu-Smith M, Alex A, Chin XW, Spires-Jones T, Wang SH. Mid-Adulthood Cognitive Training Improves Performance in a Spatial Task but Does Not Ameliorate Hippocampal Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:683-704. [PMID: 37066912 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior experience in early life has been shown to improve performance in aging and mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, whether cognitive training at a later life stage would benefit subsequent cognition and reduce pathology in AD mice needs to be better understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to verify if behavioral training in mid-adulthood would improve subsequent cognition and reduce AD pathology and astrogliosis. METHODS Mixed-sex APP/PS1 and wildtype littermate mice received a battery of behavioral training, composed of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze, novel object recognition and location tasks, and spatial training in the water maze, or handling only at 7 months of age. The impact of AD genotype and prior training on subsequent learning and memory of aforementioned tasks were assessed at 9 months. RESULTS APP/PS1 mice made more errors than wildtype littermates in the radial-arm water maze (RAWM) task. Prior training prevented this impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Prior training also contributed to better efficiency in finding the escape platform in both APP/PS1 mice and wildtype littermates. Short-term and long-term memory of this RAWM task, of a reversal task, and of a transfer task were comparable among APP/PS1 and wildtype mice, with or without prior training. Amyloid pathology and astrogliosis in the hippocampus were also comparable between the APP/PS1 groups. CONCLUSION These data suggest that cognitive training in mid-adulthood improves subsequent accuracy in AD mice and efficiency in all mice in the spatial task. Cognitive training in mid-adulthood provides no clear benefit on memory or on amyloid pathology in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Williams
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Menekşe Mutlu-Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ashli Alex
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xi Wei Chin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tara Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Szu-Han Wang
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Lu Y, Huang X, Liang W, Li Y, Xing M, Pan W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Song W. Regulation of TREM2 expression by transcription factor YY1 and its protective effect against Alzheimer's Disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104688. [PMID: 37044212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
TREM2 encoding the transmembrane receptor protein TREM2 is a risk gene of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the impairment of TREM2 functions in microglia due to mutations in TREM2 may significantly increase the risk of AD by promoting AD pathologies. However, how the expression of TREM2 is regulated and the transcription factors required for TREM2 expression are largely unknown. By luciferase assay, DNA pull-down and in silico predictions, we identified ying-yang-1(YY1) as a binding protein of the minimal promoter of the TREM2 gene, and the binding was further confirmed by EMSA and DNA pull-down assay. shRNA-mediated YY1 silencing significantly reduced the activity of the TREM2 minimal promoter and TREM2 protein levels in the microglial cell line BV2 and the neuroblastoma Neuro2A. Furthermore, we found that the levels of TREM2 and YY1 were both downregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 cells and in the brain of AD model mice. These results demonstrated that YY1 plays a crucial role in regulation of TREM2 expression. Our study suggests that microglial YY1 could be targeted to maintain TREM2 expression for AD prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wenping Liang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yu Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mengen Xing
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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22
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Wang YT, Wang H, Ren WJ, Dai XL, Huo Q, Wang S, Sun YX. 3,6'-Disinapoylsucrose alleviates the amyloid precursor protein and lipopolysaccharide induced cognitive dysfunction through upregulation of the TrkB/BDNF pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:387-402. [PMID: 35672874 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2069565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose (DISS) on an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice model induced by APPswe695 lentivirus (LV) and intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results show that DISS improves cognitive ability, decreases the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, reduces the expression of NF-κB p65, and alleviates Aβ deposition and nerve cell damage. DISS can regulate tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in the hippocampus. In summary, DISS can significantly alleviate neuroinflammation, spatial learning and memory disorders in AD model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Institute of Functional Food Science and Technology, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wu-Jiang Ren
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue-Ling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Institute of Functional Food Science and Technology, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Qing Huo
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Food Science, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjing 300350, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Institute of Functional Food Science and Technology, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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23
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Tian C, Stewart T, Hong Z, Guo Z, Aro P, Soltys D, Pan C, Peskind ER, Zabetian CP, Shaw LM, Galasko D, Quinn JF, Shi M, Zhang J. Blood extracellular vesicles carrying synaptic function- and brain-related proteins as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:909-923. [PMID: 35779041 PMCID: PMC9806186 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective and accessible markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are critically needed. METHODS We identified NMDAR2A, a protein related to synaptic function, as a novel marker of central nervous system (CNS)-derived plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) and developed a flow cytometry-based technology for detecting such plasma EVs readily. The assay was initially tested in our local cross-sectional study to distinguish AD patients from healthy controls (HCs) or from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, followed by a validation study using an independent cohort collected from multiple medical centers (the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). Cerebrospinal fluid AD molecular signature was used to confirm diagnoses of all AD participants. RESULTS Likely CNS-derived EVs in plasma were significantly reduced in AD compared to HCs in both cohorts. Integrative models including CNS-derived EV markers and AD markers present on EVs reached area under the curve of 0.915 in discovery cohort and 0.810 in validation cohort. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that robust and rapid analysis of individual neuron-derived synaptic function-related EVs in peripheral blood may serve as a helpful marker of synaptic dysfunction in AD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tian
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Patrick Aro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Soltys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Northwest (VISN-20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource Center, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang P, Wang T, Zhu X, Feng L, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang X, Cui T, Li M. Jiedu Yizhi Formula Improves Cognitive Function by Regulating the Gut Dysbiosis and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:49-62. [PMID: 36627886 PMCID: PMC9826640 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s393773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of JDYZF in treating AD from the perspective of inflammation and intestinal microflora. METHODS A total of 24 APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into four groups: model (n = 6), JDYZF low-dose (n = 6), JDYZF high-dose (n = 6), and positive drug (n = 6), six C57 mice were used as the control group. The body weights and diets of all mice were examined daily. After 8 weeks of administration, the learning and memory of mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. The histopathological changes of hippocampus, liver and kidney in mice were observed by HE staining after being euthanized. The expression of p-tau in hippocampus tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. After that, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to investigate the relationship between JDYZF and intestinal microbiota. Finally, a comparison of TLR4, p65, p-p65, iκB, p-iκB, and IL-1β protein expression in the hippocampus tissue of mice in each group was measured by Western blot. RESULTS The results showed that APP/PS1 mice taking JDYZF orally were generally in good condition. Compared with the control group, JDYZF significantly improved learning and memory ability in ethology. Histology showed that JDYZF improved the hippocampal structure of mice and inhibited the deposition of p-tau. JDYZF treatment could regulate the gut microbiota of APP/PS1 mice by increasing the richness of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Actinobacteria and reducing that of Alistipes and Muribaculaceae. It also significantly inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the brain. In addition, no obvious toxic reactions were found in the liver and kidney of APP/PS1 mice after taking JDYZF for 8 weeks. CONCLUSION The findings revealed that JDYZF improved cognitive ability and alleviated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice, and the modulating the gut microbiota presented here may help illuminate its activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianye Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiale Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqiang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Li
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Mingquan Li, Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15543120222, Email
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25
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Kalyan M, Tousif AH, Sonali S, Vichitra C, Sunanda T, Praveenraj SS, Ray B, Gorantla VR, Rungratanawanich W, Mahalakshmi AM, Qoronfleh MW, Monaghan TM, Song BJ, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB. Role of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharides in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244038. [PMID: 36552802 PMCID: PMC9777235 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell-wall immunostimulatory endotoxin component of Gram-negative bacteria. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) disrupt host immune homeostasis and the intestinal barrier function. Microbial dysbiosis leads to a proinflammatory milieu and systemic endotoxemia, which contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. Two important pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation, which can be initiated by elevated intestinal permeability, with increased abundance of pathobionts. These changes lead to excessive release of LPS and other bacterial products into blood, which in turn induce chronic systemic inflammation, which damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An impaired BBB allows the translocation of potentially harmful bacterial products, including LPS, and activated neutrophils/leucocytes into the brain, which results in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Chronic neuroinflammation causes neuronal damage and synaptic loss, leading to memory impairment. LPS-induced inflammation causes inappropriate activation of microglia, astrocytes, and dendritic cells. Consequently, these alterations negatively affect mitochondrial function and lead to increases in oxidative/nitrative stress and neuronal senescence. These cellular changes in the brain give rise to specific clinical symptoms, such as impairment of locomotor function, muscle weakness, paralysis, learning deficits, and dementia. This review summarizes the contributing role of LPS in the development of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Kalyan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ahmed Hediyal Tousif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharma Sonali
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Tuladhar Sunanda
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Simla Praveenraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University Grenada, West Indies FZ818, Grenada
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI), Research & Policy Division, 7227 Rachel Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA
- 21 Health Street, Consulting Services, 1 Christian Fields, London SW16 3JY, UK
| | - Tanya M. Monaghan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
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De Vlieger L, Vandenbroucke RE, Van Hoecke L. Recent insights into viral infections as a trigger and accelerator in alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103340. [PMID: 35987492 PMCID: PMC9385395 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which only symptomatic medication is available, except for the recently FDA-approved aducanumab. This lack of effective treatment urges us to investigate alternative paths that might contribute to disease development. In light of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the disturbing neurological complications seen in some patients, it is desirable to (re)investigate the viability of the viral infection theory claiming that a microbe could affect AD initiation and/or progression. Here, we review the most important evidence for this theory with a special focus on two viruses, namely HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we discuss the possible involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs). This overview will contribute to a more rational approach of potential treatment strategies for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize De Vlieger
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Cummings J, Ortiz A, Castellino J, Kinney J. Diabetes: Risk factor and translational therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5727-5757. [PMID: 35128745 PMCID: PMC9393901 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) commonly co-occur. T2DM increases the risk for AD by approximately twofold. Animal models provide one means of interrogating the relationship of T2DM to AD and investigating brain insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of AD. Animal models show that persistent hyperglycaemia results in chronic low-grade inflammation that may contribute to the development of neuroinflammation and accelerate the pathobiology of AD. Epidemiological studies suggest that patients with T2DM who received treatment with specific anti-diabetic agents have a decreased risk for the occurrence of AD and all-cause dementia. Agents such as metformin ameliorate T2DM and may have other important systemic effects that lower the risk of AD. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists have been associated with a decreased risk for AD in patients with T2DM. Both insulin and non-insulin anti-diabetic treatments have been evaluated for the treatment of AD in clinical trials. In most cases, patients included in the trials have clinical features of AD but do not have T2DM. Many of the trials were conducted prior to the use of diagnostic biomarkers for AD. Trials have had a wide range of durations and population sizes. Many of the agents used to treat T2DM do not cross the blood brain barrier, and the effects are posited to occur via lowering of peripheral hyperglycaemia and reduction of peripheral and central inflammation. Clinical trials of anti-diabetic agents to treat AD are ongoing and will provide insight into the therapeutic utility of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers‐Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV)Las VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Andrew Ortiz
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV)Las VegasNevadaUSA
| | | | - Jefferson Kinney
- Chambers‐Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV)Las VegasNevadaUSA,Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV)Las VegasNevadaUSA
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Liu S, Cao X, Wu Z, Deng S, Fu H, Wang Y, Liu F. TREM2 improves neurological dysfunction and attenuates neuroinflammation, TLR signaling and neuronal apoptosis in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:967825. [PMID: 36353688 PMCID: PMC9637852 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.967825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confers strong neuroprotective effect by suppressing neuroinflammatory response in experimental ischemic stroke. This study aimed to clarify the neuroprotective role of TREM2 and potential underlying mechanism in a mouse model of ICH and in vitro. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) and green fluorescent protein-lentivirus (GFP-LV) strategies were employed to enhance TREM2 expression in the C57/BL6 mice and BV2 cells, respectively. The adult male C57/BL6 mice were subjected to ICH by administration of collagenase-IV in 1 month after the AAV particles injection. An in vitro ICH model was performed with oxygen hemoglobin in BV2 cells. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist TAK242 was applied at 6 h following ICH. Neurological function, TREM2, pro-inflammatory cytokines, brain water content and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were evaluated at 24 h following ICH. TLR4, NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways were also determined by Western blot analysis at the same time point. The levels of TREM2 were increased at 12 h, peaked at 24 h and recovered on 7d following ICH. TREM2 overexpression ameliorated ICH induced neurological dysfunction, inhibited neuroinflammation, and attenuated apoptosis and brain edema. Further mechanistic study revealed that TREM2 overexpression inhibited TLR4 activation and NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. ICH increased the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells, which was markedly decreased by TREM2 overexpression. A similar improvement was also observed by the administration of TAK242 following ICH. TREM2 improves neurological dysfunction and attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in the acute phase of ICH, which is, at least in part, mediated by negatively regulating TLR4 signaling pathway. These findings highlight TREM2 as a potential target for early brain injury following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuezhao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shumin Deng
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hefei Fu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Liu,
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Li R, Zhang J, Wang Q, Cheng M, Lin B. TPM1 mediates inflammation downstream of TREM2 via the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:257. [PMID: 36241997 PMCID: PMC9563125 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, the innate immune cells in the central nervous system, play an essential role in brain homeostasis, neuroinflammation and brain infections. Dysregulated microglia, on the other hand, are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, yet the mechanisms underlying pro-inflammatory gene expression in microglia are incompletely understood. Methods We investigated the role of the actin-associated protein tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) in regulating pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia in the retina by using a combination of cell culture, immunocytochemistry, Western blot, qPCR, TUNEL, RNA sequencing and electroretinogram analysis. TREM2−/− mice were used to investigate whether TPM1 regulated pro-inflammatory responses downstream of TREM2. To conditionally deplete microglia, we backcrossed CX3CR1CreER mice with Rosa26iDTR mice to generate CX3CR1CreER:Rosa26iDTR mice. Results We revealed a vital role for TPM1 in regulating pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. We found that TPM1 drove LPS-induced inflammation and neuronal death in the retina via the PKA/CREB pathway. TPM1 knockdown ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation in WT retinas yet exaggerated the inflammation in TREM2−/− retinas. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with M1 microglia and A1 astrocytes were significantly downregulated in LPS-treated WT retinas but upregulated in LPS-treated TREM2−/− retinas after TPM1 knockdown. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CREB activated by TPM1 knockdown mediated anti-inflammatory genes in LPS-treated WT retinas but pro-inflammatory genes in LPS-treated TREM2−/− retinas, suggesting a novel role for TREM2 as a brake on TPM1-mediated inflammation. Furthermore, we identified that TPM1 regulated inflammation downstream of TREM2 and in a microglia-dependent manner. Conclusions We demonstrate that TPM1 mediates inflammation downstream of TREM2 via the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that TPM1 could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in brain diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02619-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qiong Wang
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Meng Cheng
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Ağagündüz D, Gençer Bingöl F, Çelik E, Cemali Ö, Özenir Ç, Özoğul F, Capasso R. Recent developments in the probiotics as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) as modulators of gut brain axis related neurological conditions. Lab Invest 2022; 20:460. [PMID: 36209124 PMCID: PMC9548122 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been defined as “living microorganisms that create health benefits in the host when taken in sufficient amounts. Recent developments in the understanding of the relationship between the microbiom and its host have shown evidence about the promising potential of probiotics to improve certain health problems. However, today, there are some confusions about traditional and new generation foods containing probiotics, naming and classifications of them in scientific studies and also their marketing. To clarify this confusion, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared that it has made a new category definition called "live biotherapeutic products" (LBPs). Accordingly, the FDA has designated LBPs as “a biological product that: i)contains live organisms, such as bacteria; ii)is applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of a disease/condition of human beings; and iii) is not a vaccine”. The accumulated literature focused on LBPs to determine effective strains in health and disease, and often focused on obesity, diabetes, and certain diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).However, microbiome also play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases that age day by day in the modern world via gut-brain axis. Herein, we discuss the novel roles of LBPs in some gut-brain axis related conditions in the light of recent studies. This article may be of interest to a broad readership including those interested in probiotics as LBPs, their health effects and safety, also gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey.
| | - Feray Gençer Bingöl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Yerleşkesi, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey
| | - Özge Cemali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey
| | - Çiler Özenir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University, 71100, Kırıkkale, Merkez, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özoğul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
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Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:7924199. [PMID: 36046763 PMCID: PMC9420645 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7924199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as memory deficits and cognitive impairment and has created health challenges for patients and society. In AD, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) induces Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in microglia. Activation of TLR4 induces downstream signaling pathways and promotes the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which also trigger the activation of astrocytes and influence amyloid-dependent neuronal death. Therefore, TLR4 may be an important molecular target for treating AD by regulating neuroinflammation. Moreover, TLR4 regulates apoptosis, autophagy, and gut microbiota and is closely related to AD. This article reviews the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of AD and a range of potential therapies targeting TLR4 for AD. Elucidating the regulatory mechanism of TLR4 in AD may provide valuable clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Li T, Lu L, Pember E, Li X, Zhang B, Zhu Z. New Insights into Neuroinflammation Involved in Pathogenic Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential for Therapeutic Intervention. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121925. [PMID: 35741054 PMCID: PMC9221885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide with an estimated increase to 139 million people by 2050. The exact pathogenic mechanisms of AD remain elusive, resulting in the fact that the current therapeutics solely focus on symptomatic management instead of preventative or curative strategies. The two most widely accepted pathogenic mechanisms of AD include the amyloid and tau hypotheses. However, it is evident that these hypotheses cannot fully explain neuronal degeneration shown in AD. Substantial evidence is growing for the vital role of neuroinflammation in AD pathology. The neuroinflammatory hypothesis provides a new, exciting lead in uncovering the underlying mechanisms contributing to AD. This review aims to highlight new insights into the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD, mainly including the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 axis, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and cGAS-STING as key influencers in augmenting AD development. The inflammasomes related to the pathways of NF-κB, NLRP3, TREM2, and cGAS-STING as biomarkers of the neuroinflammation associated with AD, as well as an overview of novel AD treatments based on these biomarkers as potential drug targets reported in the literature or under clinical trials, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Li Lu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Eloise Pember
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xinuo Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China;
| | - Bocheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zheying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu L, Wang D, Li X, Adetula AA, Khan A, Zhang B, Liu H, Yu Y, Chu Q. Long-lasting effects of lipopolysaccharide on the reproduction and splenic transcriptome of hens and their offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113527. [PMID: 35453024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is ubiquitous in the environment and is released after the death of gram-negative bacteria, which may be related to inflammation and immunosuppression. However, its impact on the reproduction of animals and their offspring, especially the underlying mechanism need further elucidation. Here, we used laying hens as a model organism to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to LPS (LPS maternal stimulation) on animal and their offspring's immunity and reproductive performance, as well as the regulatory role of the transcriptome. We found that the LPS maternal stimulation could reduce the egg-laying rate of hens and their offspring, especially during the early and late laying stages. The transcriptome study of the spleen in F0, F1 and F2 generations showed that the maternal stimulation of the LPS affects the patterns of gene expression in laying hens, and this change has a long-lasting effect. Further analysis of DEGs and their enrichment pathways found that the LPS maternal stimulation mainly affects the reproduction and immunity of laying hens and their offspring. The DEGs such as AVD, HPS5, CATHL2, S100A12, EXFABP, RSFR, LY86, PKD4, XCL1, FOS, TREM2 and MST1 may play an essential role in the regulation of the immunity and egg-laying rate of hens. Furthermore, the MMR1L3, C3, F13A1, LY86 and GDPD2 genes with heritable effects are highly correlated with the egg-laying rate, may have an important reference value for further research. Our study reveals the profound implications of LPS exposure on immunity and reproduction of offspring, elaborating the impact of immune alteration on the egg-laying rate, emphasizing the regulatory role of intergenerational transmission of the transcriptome, implying that the environment parents being exposed to has an important impact on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingzheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Adeyinka Abiola Adetula
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Huagui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qin Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
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Chen D, Fang X, Zhu Z. Progress in the correlation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease and the potential therapeutic drug exploration. IBRAIN 2022; 9:446-462. [PMID: 38680509 PMCID: PMC11045201 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decrease in mental capacity that can occur days to weeks after a medical procedure and may become permanent and rarely lasts for a longer period of time. With the continuous development of research, various viewpoints in academic circles have undergone subtle changes, and the role of anesthesia depth and anesthesia type seems to be gradually weakened; Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a latent and progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. The protein hypothesis and the synaptic hypothesis are well-known reasons. These changes will also lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory cascade. The exact etiology and pathogenesis need to be studied. The reasonable biological mechanism affecting brain protein deposition, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholine-like effect has a certain relationship between AD and POCD. Whereas there is still further uncertainty about the mechanism and treatment, and it is elusive whether POCD is a link in the continuous progress of AD or a separate entity, which has doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, this review is based on the current common clinical characteristics of AD and POCD, and pathophysiological research, to search for their common points and explore the direction and new strategies for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Qin Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- College of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- College of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Quiroga IY, Cruikshank AE, Bond ML, Reed KSM, Evangelista BA, Tseng JH, Ragusa JV, Meeker RB, Won H, Cohen S, Cohen TJ, Phanstiel DH. Synthetic amyloid beta does not induce a robust transcriptional response in innate immune cell culture systems. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:99. [PMID: 35459147 PMCID: PMC9034485 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impacts nearly 400 million people worldwide. The accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain has historically been associated with AD, and recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a central role in its origin and progression. These observations have given rise to the theory that Aβ is the primary trigger of AD, and induces proinflammatory activation of immune brain cells (i.e., microglia), which culminates in neuronal damage and cognitive decline. To test this hypothesis, many in vitro systems have been established to study Aβ-mediated activation of innate immune cells. Nevertheless, the transcriptional resemblance of these models to the microglia in the AD brain has never been comprehensively studied on a genome-wide scale. METHODS We used bulk RNA-seq to assess the transcriptional differences between in vitro cell types used to model neuroinflammation in AD, including several established, primary and iPSC-derived immune cell lines (macrophages, microglia and astrocytes) and their similarities to primary cells in the AD brain. We then analyzed the transcriptional response of these innate immune cells to synthetic Aβ or LPS and INFγ. RESULTS We found that human induced pluripotent stem cell (hIPSC)-derived microglia (IMGL) are the in vitro cell model that best resembles primary microglia. Surprisingly, synthetic Aβ does not trigger a robust transcriptional response in any of the cellular models analyzed, despite testing a wide variety of Aβ formulations, concentrations, and treatment conditions. Finally, we found that bacterial LPS and INFγ activate microglia and induce transcriptional changes that resemble many, but not all, aspects of the transcriptomic profiles of disease associated microglia (DAM) present in the AD brain. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that synthetic Aβ treatment of innate immune cell cultures does not recapitulate transcriptional profiles observed in microglia from AD brains. In contrast, treating IMGL with LPS and INFγ induces transcriptional changes similar to those observed in microglia detected in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Quiroga
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A E Cruikshank
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M L Bond
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K S M Reed
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B A Evangelista
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J H Tseng
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J V Ragusa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R B Meeker
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Won
- Department of Genetics and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T J Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D H Phanstiel
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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SOCE-mediated NFAT1–NOX2–NLRP1 inflammasome involves in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal damage and Aβ generation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3183-3205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ren M, Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang C, Zheng Y, Hu Y. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Inhibits Aβ 1-42-Induced Neuroinflammation by Modulating the Phenotypic Transformation of Microglia via TREM2/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in BV-2 Cells. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:748-761. [PMID: 34783973 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is an extract from Carthamus tinctorius L. dry flowers (Compositae). HSYA has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on several Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, the exact mechanisms by which HSYA regulates neuroinflammation have still not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which HSYA regulates microglial activation and neuroinflammation via TREM2, and further clarified its underlying molecular mechanism. We silenced TREM2 in BV-2 cells and evaluated the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13). The results showed that HSYA could up-regulate cell viability and improve the morphology of BV-2 cells injured by Aβ1-42. The results showed that Aβ1-42 could induce microglia to upregulate the expression of M1 markers (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6) and downregulate M2 marker (Arg-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) expression. HSYA reversed the effects of Aβ1-42 via TREM2, switching microglia from an M1 proinflammatory phenotype to an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. HSYA inhibited the Aβ1-42-induced activation of the TLR4/NF-κB transduction pathway by upregulating TREM2 and regulated the transcription of inflammatory cytokines via the downstream transcription factors NF-κB p65 and IκB-α. In conclusion, HSYA regulated the microglial inflammatory phenotype by regulating microglial (M1/M2) polarization in Aβ1-42-induced BV-2 cells which may be mediated by the TREM2/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Xie J, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796867. [PMID: 35069578 PMCID: PMC8770958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating age-related neurodegenerative disorder with an alarming increasing prevalence. Except for the recently FDA-approved Aducanumab of which the therapeutic effect is not yet conclusively proven, only symptomatic medication that is effective for some AD patients is available. In order to be able to design more rational and effective treatments, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis and progression of AD urgently needs to be improved. Over the last years, it became increasingly clear that peripheral inflammation is one of the detrimental factors that can contribute to the disease. Here, we discuss the current understanding of how systemic and intestinal (referred to as the gut-brain axis) inflammatory processes may affect brain pathology, with a specific focus on AD. Moreover, we give a comprehensive overview of the different preclinical as well as clinical studies that link peripheral Inflammation to AD initiation and progression. Altogether, this review broadens our understanding of the mechanisms behind AD pathology and may help in the rational design of further research aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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39
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Ma Y, Fan P, Zhao R, Zhang Y, Wang X, Cui W. Neuregulin-1 regulates the conversion of M1/M2 microglia phenotype via ErbB4-dependent inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3975-3986. [PMID: 35166983 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory response caused by microglia in the central nervous system plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is a member of the neuregulin family and has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties. The relationship between NRG1, microglia phenotype and neuroinflammation remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS BV2 cells were used to examine the mechanism of NRG1 in regulating microglia polarization. Neuronal apoptosis, inflammatory factors TNF-α and iNOS, microglia polarization, ErbB4 and NF-κB p65 expression were assessed. RESULTS We found that exogenous NRG1 treatment or overexpression improved microglial activity and reduced the secretion of the inflammatory factors TNF-α and iNOS in vitro. The expression of Bax in SH-SY5Y neuron cells incubated with medium collected from the NRG1 treatment group decreased. Additionally, our study showed that NRG1 treatment reduced the levels of the M1 microglia markers CD120 and iNOS and increased the levels of the M2 microglia markers CD206 and Arg-1. Furthermore, we observed that NRG1 treatment attenuated Aβ-induced NF-κB activation and promoted the expression of p-ErbB4 and that knockdown of ErbB4 abrogated the effects of NRG1 on NF-κB, Bax levels and M2 microglial polarization. CONCLUSION NRG1 inhibits the release of inflammatory factors in microglia and regulates the switching of the M1/M2 microglia phenotype, most likely via ErbB4-dependent inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peixia Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Weigang Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. .,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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40
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Zhang SS, Zhu L, Peng Y, Zhang L, Chao FL, Jiang L, Xiao Q, Liang X, Tang J, Yang H, He Q, Guo YJ, Zhou CN, Tang Y. Long-term running exercise improves cognitive function and promotes microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:34. [PMID: 35123512 PMCID: PMC8817568 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of physical exercise in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been widely studied. Microglia play an important role in AD. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed on microglia and is known to mediate microglial metabolic activity and brain glucose metabolism. However, the relationship between brain glucose metabolism and microglial metabolic activity during running exercise in APP/PS1 mice remains unclear. Methods Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 mice and wild-type mice were randomly divided into sedentary groups or running groups (AD_Sed, WT_Sed, AD_Run and WT_Run, n = 20/group). Running mice had free access to a running wheel for 3 months. Behavioral tests, [18]F-FDG-PET and hippocampal RNA-Seq were performed. The expression levels of microglial glucose transporter (GLUT5), TREM2, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (p-SYK) were estimated by western blot or ELISA. Immunohistochemistry, stereological methods and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the morphology, proliferation and activity of microglia. Results Long-term voluntary running significantly improved cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. Although there were few differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed enriched glycometabolic pathways in APP/PS1 running mice. Running exercise increased FDG uptake in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, as well as the protein expression of GLUT5, TREM2, SPP1 and p-SYK. The level of sTREM2 decreased in the plasma of APP/PS1 running mice. The number of microglia, the length and endpoints of microglial processes, and the ratio of GLUT5+/IBA1+ microglia were increased in the dentate gyrus (DG) of APP/PS1 running mice. Running exercise did not alter the number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+/IBA1+ microglia but reduced the immunoactivity of CD68 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions Running exercise inhibited TREM2 shedding and maintained TREM2 protein levels, which were accompanied by the promotion of brain glucose metabolism, microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity in the hippocampus of AD mice. Microglia might be a structural target responsible for the benefits of running exercise in AD. Promoting microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity modulated by TREM2 might be a novel strategy for AD treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02401-5.
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41
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Magusali N, Graham AC, Piers TM, Panichnantakul P, Yaman U, Shoai M, Reynolds RH, Botia JA, Brookes KJ, Guetta-Baranes T, Bellou E, Bayram S, Sokolova D, Ryten M, Sala Frigerio C, Escott-Price V, Morgan K, Pocock JM, Hardy J, Salih DA. A genetic link between risk for Alzheimer's disease and severe COVID-19 outcomes via the OAS1 gene. Brain 2021; 144:3727-3741. [PMID: 34619763 PMCID: PMC8500089 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) contributed to the risk of Alzheimer's disease, by its enrichment in transcriptional networks expressed by microglia. However, the function of OAS1 within microglia was not known. Using genotyping from 1313 individuals with sporadic Alzheimer's disease and 1234 control individuals, we confirm the OAS1 variant, rs1131454, is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. The same OAS1 locus has been recently associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, linking risk for both diseases. The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1131454(A) and rs4766676(T) are associated with Alzheimer's disease, and rs10735079(A) and rs6489867(T) are associated with severe COVID-19, where the risk alleles are linked with decreased OAS1 expression. Analysing single-cell RNA-sequencing data of myeloid cells from Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19 patients, we identify co-expression networks containing interferon (IFN)-responsive genes, including OAS1, which are significantly upregulated with age and both diseases. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia with lowered OAS1 expression, we show exaggerated production of TNF-α with IFN-γ stimulation, indicating OAS1 is required to limit the pro-inflammatory response of myeloid cells. Collectively, our data support a link between genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease and susceptibility to critical illness with COVID-19 centred on OAS1, a finding with potential implications for future treatments of Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19, and development of biomarkers to track disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naciye Magusali
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew C Graham
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas M Piers
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | | | - Umran Yaman
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maryam Shoai
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Regina H Reynolds
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Juan A Botia
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Keeley J Brookes
- Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG8 11NS, UK
| | - Tamar Guetta-Baranes
- Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Eftychia Bellou
- Dementia Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sevinc Bayram
- Hitachi Rail Europe Ltd, New Ludgate, London EC4M 7HX, UK
| | - Dimitra Sokolova
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Dementia Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jennifer M Pocock
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Dervis A Salih
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Ruganzu JB, Peng X, He Y, Wu X, Zheng Q, Ding B, Lin C, Guo H, Yang Z, Zhang X, Yang W. Downregulation of TREM2 expression exacerbates neuroinflammatory responses through TLR4-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Immunol 2021; 142:22-36. [PMID: 34959070 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of glial cells and neuroinflammation play an important role in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglia-specific receptor in the brain that is involved in regulating neuroinflammation. However, the precise effects of TREM2 on neuroinflammatory responses and its underlying molecular mechanisms in AD have not been studied in detail. Here, we employed a lentiviral-mediated strategy to downregulation of TREM2 expression on microglia in the brain of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice and BV2 cells. Our results showed that downregulation of TREM2 significantly aggravated AD-related neuropathology including Aβ accumulation, peri-plaque microgliosis and astrocytosis, as well as neuronal and synapse-associated proteins loss, which was accompanied by a decline in cognitive ability. The further mechanistic study revealed that downregulation of TREM2 expression initiated neuroinflammatory responses through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and subsequent stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, blockade of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 inhibited the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by Aβ1-42 in TREM2-knocked down BV2 cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that TREM2 might be a potential therapeutic target for AD and other neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bosco Ruganzu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying He
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quzhao Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengheng Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongsong Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zikang Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weina Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Kim HS, Kim S, Shin SJ, Park YH, Nam Y, Kim CW, Lee KW, Kim SM, Jung ID, Yang HD, Park YM, Moon M. Gram-negative bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides in Alzheimer's disease: pathologic roles and therapeutic implications. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:49. [PMID: 34876226 PMCID: PMC8650380 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most serious age-related neurodegenerative disease and causes destructive and irreversible cognitive decline. Failures in the development of therapeutics targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, principal proteins inducing pathology in AD, suggest a paradigm shift towards the development of new therapeutic targets. The gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are attractive new targets for AD treatment. Surprisingly, an altered distribution of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS has been reported in AD patients. Moreover, gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have been shown to affect a variety of AD-related pathologies, such as Aβ homeostasis, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutic approaches targeting gram-negative bacteria or gram-negative bacterial molecules have significantly alleviated AD-related pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Despite multiple evidence showing that the gram-negative bacteria and their LPS play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis, the pathogenic mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have not been clarified. Here, we summarize the roles and pathomechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and LPS in AD. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of using gram-negative bacteria and gram-negative bacterial molecules as novel therapeutic targets and new pathological characteristics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Dandi Bioscience Inc, 6th Floor of Real Company Building, 66, Achasan-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Dandi Bioscience Inc, 6th Floor of Real Company Building, 66, Achasan-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Duk Yang
- Harvard Neurology Clinic, 294 Gwanggyojungang-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin, 16943, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Dandi Bioscience Inc, 6th Floor of Real Company Building, 66, Achasan-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwondaero, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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Dong X, Li L, Zhang D, Su Y, Yang L, Li X, Han Y, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates LPS-induced cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation by inhibiting NOX2 and Ca2+–CN–NFAT1 signaling in mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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45
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Wan W, Liu G, Li X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Pan H, Hu J. MiR-191-5p alleviates microglial cell injury by targeting Map3k12 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12) to inhibit the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12678-12690. [PMID: 34818971 PMCID: PMC8810200 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Multiple reports have elucidated that microRNAs are promising biomarkers for AD diagnosis and treatment. Herein, the effect of miR-191-5p on microglial cell injury and the underlying mechanism were explored. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were utilized to establish mouse model of AD. Amyloid-β protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-treated microglia were applied to establish in vitro cell model of AD. MiR-191-5p expression in hippocampus and microglia was measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The viability and apoptosis of microglia were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry analyses, respectively. The binding relationship between miR-191-5p and its downstream target mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12 (Map3k12) was determined by luciferase reporter assays. Pathological degeneration of hippocampus was tested using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining. Aβ expression in hippocampus was examined via immunohistochemistry. In this study, miR-191-5p was downregulated in Aβ1-42-stimulated microglia and hippocampal tissues of APP/PS1 mice. MiR-191-5p overexpression facilitated cell viability and inhibited apoptosis rate of Aβ1-42-treated microglia. Mechanically, miR-191-5p targeted Map3k12 3'-untranslated region to downregulate Map3k12 expression. MiR-191-5p inhibited Aβ1-42-induced microglial cell injury and inactivated the MAPK signaling by downregulating Map3k12. Overall, miR-191-5p alleviated Aβ1-42-induced microglia cell injury by targeting Map3k12 to inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ganzhe Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haisong Pan
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Markofski MM, Flynn MG. Elevated circulating CD16+ monocytes and TLR4+ monocytes in older adults with multiple cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111530. [PMID: 34450235 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We endeavored to examine relationships between circulating monocyte phenotype and cardio-metabolic disease risk, in healthy, older adults. We performed a secondary data analysis on men and women, 55-75 yr, who were assigned to groups based on cardio-metabolic risk factors other than age. Subject in the low risk group (n = 16, 12 females) had fewer than three risk factors. Subjects in the elevated risk group (n = 29, 19 females) had three or more risk factors. Along with baseline screening for fitness and body composition, resting blood samples were assessed for markers of inflammation including: monocyte phenotype (inflammatory monocytes), monocyte cell-surface TLR4 expression, and serum C-reactive protein. The low risk group had a smaller (19.3% difference; p < 0.0001) waist circumference and lower body fat weight (36.3%; p < 0.0001), but higher V̇02max (45.5%; p = 0.0019). There were no mean differences (p > 0.05) between the low and elevated risk groups for BMI, serum cholesterol, fasting glucose, or leg press 1RM. The low risk group had lower CRP (114.7%, p = 0.0002), higher CD14+CD16- (classical) monocytes (6.7%; p = 0.0231) and fewer CD14+CD16+ (inflammatory) monocytes (46.2%; p = 0.0243) than the elevated risk group. The low risk group also had a lower percentage of CD14+CD16- monocytes that were positive for TLR4 (14.0%; p = 0.0328). Older men and women with fewer cardio-metabolic risk factors had lower serum and cellular markers of inflammation and higher aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Markofski
- Deparment of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St., Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Michael G Flynn
- HCA South Atlantic, 115 Central Island St., Charleston, SC 29492, USA.
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Page MJ, Pretorius E. Platelet Behavior Contributes to Neuropathologies: A Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:382-404. [PMID: 34624913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of platelets are broad. Platelets function in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation and immune responses, vascular regulation, and host defense against invading pathogens, among others. These actions are achieved through the release of a wide set of coagulative, vascular, inflammatory, and other factors as well as diverse cell surface receptors involved in the same activities. As active participants in these physiological processes, platelets become involved in signaling pathways and pathological reactions that contribute to diseases that are defined by inflammation (including by pathogen-derived stimuli), vascular dysfunction, and coagulation. These diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their unique pathological and clinical features, significant shared pathological processes exist between these two conditions, particularly relating to a central inflammatory mechanism involving both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the systemic environment, but also neurovascular dysfunction and coagulopathy, processes which also share initiation factors and receptors. This triad of dysfunction-(neuro)inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and hypercoagulation-illustrates the important roles platelets play in neuropathology. Although some mechanisms are understudied in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, a strong case can be made for the relevance of platelets in neurodegeneration-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
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Lu Y, Hao R, Hu Y, Wei Y, Xie Y, Shen Y, Rui Q, Yu G. Harpagide alleviate neuronal apoptosis and blood-brain barrier leakage by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in Angiotensin II-induced microglial activation in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109653. [PMID: 34516974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II, the effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, is not only a pivotal peptide implicated in the regulation of blood pressure but also a key mediator of the inflammatory processes that play an important role in the pathology of hypertension-related cSVD. Harpagide is the major bioactive constituent of Scrophulariae Radix widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for numerous diseases including hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of harpagide on Ang II-induced neuroinflammation and the potential mechanism. Pretreated with harpagide or resatorvid (the TLR4 pathway inhibitor), BV2 cells were treated with Ang II or LPS (the TLR4 activator). NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, the proteins on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of CD86, CD206, TREM2 in BV2 cells were detected respectively. Subsequently, the effects of harpagide on neurotoxicity and BBB destruction triggered by Ang II-induced neuroinflammation were investigated in the co-cultures of BV2 microglia/HT22 hippocampal neurons, BV2 microglia/bEnd.3 endotheliocyte and BV2 microglia/BBB monolayer model. We found that Ang II converted microglia into M1 state and resulted in neuroinflammation through activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. It also triggered the imbalance of TLR4/TREM2 in microglia. Ang II-mediated inflammation microglia further led to neuronal apoptosis and BBB damage. Harpagide showed the effect of alleviating Ang II-mediated neuroinflammation as well as the resulting neurotoxicity and BBB destruction through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of harpagide suggested that it might be a potential therapeutic strategy in hypertensive cSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210001, China
| | - Renjuan Hao
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210001, China
| | - Yingchao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210001, China
| | - Yuyan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210001, China
| | - Yuyan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210001, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210001, China
| | - Qinglin Rui
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210001, China.
| | - Guran Yu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210001, China.
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Qiu H, Shao Z, Wen X, Jiang J, Ma Q, Wang Y, Huang L, Ding X, Zhang L. TREM2: Keeping Pace With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716710. [PMID: 34539652 PMCID: PMC8446424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been successively approved and widely used in clinical cancer treatments, however, the overall response rates are very low and almost all cancer patients eventually progressed to drug resistance, this is mainly due to the intricate tumor microenvironment and immune escape mechanisms of cancer cells. One of the main key mechanisms leading to the evasion of immune attack is the presence of the immunosuppressive microenvironment within tumors. Recently, several studies illustrated that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), a transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, was a crucial pathology-induced immune signaling hub, and it played a vital negative role in antitumor immunity, such as inhibiting the proliferation of T cells. Here, we reviewed the recent advances in the study of TREM2, especially focused on its regulation of tumor-related immune signaling pathways and its role as a novel target in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Shao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qinggong Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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50
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Wang XL, Chen F, Shi H, Zhang M, Yan L, Pei XY, Peng XD. Oxymatrine inhibits neuroinflammation byRegulating M1/M2 polarization in N9 microglia through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108139. [PMID: 34517275 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells involved in the immune response, inflammation, and injury repair in the central nervous system. Under different stimuli, the dual polarization of classically-activated M1 microglia and anti-inflammatory selectively-activated M2 microglia is observed. Oxymatrine (OMT) exerts various anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but the mechanism underlying its action remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OMT on the polarization of M1/M2 microglia in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model in order to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism of action of OMT in vitro. We first used a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to evaluate the effects of different concentrations OMT on the viability of N9 microglia to determine the appropriate concentration for follow-up experiments. Next, Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the expression of the inflammation-related factors nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6, -1β, and -10. To evaluate the protective effects of OMT, the ultrastructure of the cells was observed using electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blotting were performed to evaluate the effects of OMT on the following markers of M1 and M2 microglia: CD16/32, CD206, Arginase-10 (Arg-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Lastly, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect factors associated with the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signalling pathway in order to explore the potential mechanism by which OMT regulates microglial polarization. The viability of N9 cells did not decrease when treated with a concentration of 1000 μg/mL OMT. Electron microscopy revealed that a concentration of 100 μg/mL OMT exerted a protective effect on N9 cells stimulated by LPS. The results of the present study indicated that OMT inhibited the over-activation of microglia, increased the levels of the M2 marker IL-10, decreased the levels of the M1 markers NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, promoted the polarization of N9 microglia to the M2 phenotype, and regulated M1/M2 polarization in the microglia by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling, which effectively attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Wang
- Department of Basic Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Basic Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Basic Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Basic Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Lin Yan
- Functional Experiment Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xiu-Ying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Peng
- Department of Basic Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Functional Experiment Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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