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Vergara-Diaz O, Velasco-Serrano E, Invernón-Garrido A, Katamadze A, Yoldi-Achalandabaso A, Serret MD, Vicente R. Quinoa panicles contribute to carbon assimilation and are more tolerant to salt stress than leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154161. [PMID: 38142485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Contribution of inflorescences to seed filling have attracted great attention given the resilience of this photosynthetic organ to stressful conditions. However, studies have been almost exclusively focused to small grain cereals. In this study, we aimed to explore these responses in quinoa, as a climate resilient seed crop of elevated economic and nutritious potential. We compared the physiological and metabolic performance of panicles and leaves of two quinoa cultivars growing under contrasting salinity levels. Plant growth, photosynthetic and transpiratory gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were monitored in inflorescences and leaves throughout the experiment. At flowering stage, young and mature leaves and panicles were sampled for key metabolic markers related to carbon, nitrogen and secondary metabolisms. When subjected to salt stress, panicles showed attenuated declines on photosynthesis, water use, pigments, amino acids, and protein levels as compared to leaves. In fact, the assimilation rates, together with a high hexose content evidenced an active photosynthetic role of the panicle under optimal and salt stress conditions. Moreover, we also found significant genotypic variability for physiological and metabolic traits of panicles and leaves, which emphasizes the study of genotype-dependent stress responses at the whole plant level. We conclude that quinoa panicles are less affected by salt stress than leaves, which encourages further research and exploitation of this organ for crop improvement and stress resilience considering the high natural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Vergara-Diaz
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Elena Velasco-Serrano
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Alicia Invernón-Garrido
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Artūrs Katamadze
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; FisioClimaCO(2) Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Serret
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Sarita, Mehrotra S, Dimkpa CO, Goyal V. Survival mechanisms of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under saline conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108168. [PMID: 38008005 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a significant abiotic stress that is steadily increasing in intensity globally. Salinity is caused by various factors such as use of poor-quality water for irrigation, poor drainage systems, and increasing spate of drought that concentrates salt solutions in the soil; salinity is responsible for substantial agricultural losses worldwide. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the crops most sensitive to salinity stress. Salinity restricts chickpea growth and production by interfering with various physiological and metabolic processes, downregulating genes linked to growth, and upregulating genes encoding intermediates of the tolerance and avoidance mechanisms. Salinity, which also leads to osmotic stress, disturbs the ionic equilibrium of plants. Survival under salinity stress is a primary concern for the plant. Therefore, plants adopt tolerance strategies such as the SOS pathway, antioxidative defense mechanisms, and several other biochemical mechanisms. Simultaneously, affected plants exhibit mechanisms like ion compartmentalization and salt exclusion. In this review, we highlight the impact of salinity in chickpea, strategies employed by the plant to tolerate and avoid salinity, and agricultural strategies for dealing with salinity. With the increasing spate of salinity spurred by natural events and anthropogenic agricultural activities, it is pertinent to explore and exploit the underpinning mechanisms for salinity tolerance to develop mitigation and adaptation strategies in globally important food crops such as chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita
- Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Shweta Mehrotra
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Christian O Dimkpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
| | - Vinod Goyal
- Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
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Rawat A, Völz R, Sheikh A, Mariappan KG, Kim SK, Rayapuram N, Alwutayd KM, Alidrissi LK, Benhamed M, Blilou I, Hirt H. Salinity stress-induced phosphorylation of INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 4 (IDD4) by MPK6 regulates plant growth adaptation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1265687. [PMID: 37881611 PMCID: PMC10595144 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1265687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) family belongs to a group of plant-specific transcription factors that coordinates plant growth/development and immunity. However, the function and mode of action of IDDs during abiotic stress, such as salt, are poorly understood. We used idd4 transgenic lines and screened them under salt stress to find the involvement of IDD4 in salinity stress tolerance The genetic disruption of IDD4 increases salt-tolerance, characterized by sustained plant growth, improved Na+/K+ ratio, and decreased stomatal density/aperture. Yet, IDD4 overexpressing plants were hypersensitive to salt-stress with an increase in stomatal density and pore size. Transcriptomic and ChIP-seq analyses revealed that IDD4 directly controls an important set of genes involved in abiotic stress/salinity responses. Interestingly, using anti-IDD4-pS73 antibody we discovered that IDD4 is specifically phosphorylated at serine-73 by MPK6 in vivo under salinity stress. Analysis of plants expressing the phospho-dead and phospho-mimicking IDD4 versions proved that phosphorylation of IDD4 plays a crucial role in plant transcriptional reprogramming of salt-stress genes. Altogether, we show that salt stress adaption involves MPK6 phosphorylation of IDD4 thereby regulating IDD4 DNA-binding and expression of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Rawat
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ronny Völz
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsheed Sheikh
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga G. Mariappan
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soon-Kap Kim
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Louai K. Alidrissi
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Balasubramaniam T, Shen G, Esmaeili N, Zhang H. Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2253. [PMID: 37375879 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and development, leading to physiological abnormalities and ultimately threatening global food security. The condition arises from excessive salt accumulation in the soil, primarily due to anthropogenic activities such as irrigation, improper land uses, and overfertilization. The presence of Na⁺, Cl-, and other related ions in the soil above normal levels can disrupt plant cellular functions and lead to alterations in essential metabolic processes such as seed germination and photosynthesis, causing severe damage to plant tissues and even plant death in the worst circumstances. To counteract the effects of salt stress, plants have developed various mechanisms, including modulating ion homeostasis, ion compartmentalization and export, and the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants. Recent advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have enabled the identification of genes and proteins involved in plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. This review provides a short overview of the impact of salinity stress on plants and the underlying mechanisms of salt-stress tolerance, particularly the functions of salt-stress-responsive genes associated with these mechanisms. This review aims at summarizing recent advances in our understanding of salt-stress tolerance mechanisms, providing the key background knowledge for improving crops' salt tolerance, which could contribute to the yield and quality enhancement in major crops grown under saline conditions or in arid and semiarid regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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5
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Salinity Stress: Toward Sustainable Plant Strategies and Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Encapsulation for Reducing It. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that influences plant growth and productivity worldwide. Salinity affects plant growth by ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, hormonal imbalance, nutrient mobilization reduction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To survive in saline soils, plants have developed various physiological and biochemical strategies such as ion exchange, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and hormonal stimulation. In addition to plant adaption mechanisms, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance salt tolerance in plants via ion homeostasis, production of antioxidants, ACC deaminase, phytohormones, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), volatile organic compounds, accumulation of osmolytes, activation of plant antioxidative enzymes, and improvement of nutrients uptake. One of the important issues in microbial biotechnology is establishing a link between the beneficial strains screened in the laboratory with industry and the consumer. Therefore, in the development of biocontrol agents, it is necessary to study the optimization of conditions for mass reproduction and the selection of a suitable carrier for their final formulation. Toward sustainable agriculture, the use of appropriate formulations of bacterial agents as high-performance biofertilizers, including microbial biocapsules, is necessary to improve salt tolerance and crop productivity.
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Wang Z, Wang M, Yang C, Zhao L, Qin G, Peng L, Zheng Q, Nie W, Song CP, Shi H, Zhu JK, Zhao C. SWO1 modulates cell wall integrity under salt stress by interacting with importin ɑ in Arabidopsis. STRESS BIOLOGY 2021; 1:9. [PMID: 37676567 PMCID: PMC10442049 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of cell wall integrity is of great importance not only for plant growth and development, but also for the adaptation of plants to adverse environments. However, how the cell wall integrity is modulated under salt stress is still poorly understood. Here, we report that a nuclear-localized Agenet domain-containing protein SWO1 (SWOLLEN 1) is required for the maintenance of cell wall integrity in Arabidopsis under salt stress. Mutation in SWO1 gene results in swollen root tips, disordered root cell morphology, and root elongation inhibition under salt stress. The swo1 mutant accumulates less cellulose and pectin but more lignin under high salinity. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq assays reveal that SWO1 binds to the promoter of several cell wall-related genes and regulates their expression under saline conditions. Further study indicates that SWO1 interacts with importin ɑ IMPA1 and IMPA2, which are required for the import of nuclear-localized proteins. The impa1 impa2 double mutant also exhibits root growth inhibition under salt stress and mutations of these two genes aggravate the salt-hypersensitive phenotype of the swo1 mutant. Taken together, our data suggest that SWO1 functions together with importin ɑ to regulate the expression of cell wall-related genes, which enables plants to maintain cell wall integrity under high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mugui Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Changhong Yang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qijie Zheng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenfeng Nie
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China.
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NaCl-Induced Elicitation Alters Physiology and Increases Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Melissa officinalis L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136844. [PMID: 34202180 PMCID: PMC8268150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants usually produce secondary metabolites as a defense mechanism against environmental stresses. Different stresses determine the chemical diversity of plant-specialized metabolism products. In this study, we applied an abiotic elicitor, i.e., NaCl, to enhance the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic secondary metabolites in Melissa officinalis L. Plants were subjected to salt stress treatment by application of NaCl solutions (0, 50, or 100 mM) to the pots. Generally, the NaCl treatments were found to inhibit the growth of plants, simultaneously enhancing the accumulation of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, soluble flavonols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids), especially at 100 mM NaCl. However, the salt stress did not disturb the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and proper functioning of the PS II photosystem. Therefore, the proposed method of elicitation represents a convenient alternative to cell suspension or hydroponic techniques as it is easier and cheaper with simple application in lemon balm pot cultivation. The improvement of lemon balm quality by NaCl elicitation can potentially increase the level of health-promoting phytochemicals and the bioactivity of low-processed herbal products.
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Leschevin M, Ismael M, Quero A, San Clemente H, Roulard R, Bassard S, Marcelo P, Pageau K, Jamet E, Rayon C. Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Two Major Arabidopsis Accessions, Col-0 and Ws, Under Salinity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639154. [PMID: 34234793 PMCID: PMC8256802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects plant growth and development as shown with the glycophyte model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Two Arabidopsis accessions, Wassilewskija (Ws) and Columbia (Col-0), are widely used to generate mutants available from various Arabidopsis seed resources. However, these two ecotypes are known to be salt-sensitive with different degrees of tolerance. In our study, 3-week-old Col-0 and Ws plants were treated with and without 150 mM NaCl for 48, 72, or 96 h, and several physiological and biochemical traits were characterized on shoots to identify any specific traits in their tolerance to salinity. Before salt treatment was carried out, a different phenotype was observed between Col-0 and Ws, whose main inflorescence stem became elongated in contrast to Col-0, which only displayed rosette leaves. Our results showed that Col-0 and Ws were both affected by salt stress with limited growth associated with a reduction in nutrient uptake, a degradation of photosynthetic pigments, an increase in protein degradation, as well as showing changes in carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall composition. These traits were often more pronounced in Col-0 and occurred usually earlier than in Ws. Tandem Mass Tags quantitative proteomics data correlated well with the physiological and biochemical results. The Col-0 response to salt stress was specifically characterized by a greater accumulation of osmoprotectants such as anthocyanin, galactinol, and raffinose; a lower reactive oxygen detoxification capacity; and a transient reduction in galacturonic acid content. Pectin degradation was associated with an overaccumulation of the wall-associated kinase 1, WAK1, which plays a role in cell wall integrity (CWI) upon salt stress exposure. Under control conditions, Ws produced more antioxidant enzymes than Col-0. Fewer specific changes occurred in Ws in response to salt stress apart from a higher number of different fascilin-like arabinogalactan proteins and a greater abundance of expansin-like proteins, which could participate in CWI. Altogether, these data indicate that Col-0 and Ws trigger similar mechanisms to cope with salt stress, and specific changes are more likely related to the developmental stage than to their respective genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Leschevin
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Marwa Ismael
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Anthony Quero
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Romain Roulard
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie Cellulaire & Analyses des Protéines ICAP Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Karine Pageau
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Catherine Rayon
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Iorizzo M, Curaba J, Pottorff M, Ferruzzi MG, Simon P, Cavagnaro PF. Carrot Anthocyanins Genetics and Genomics: Status and Perspectives to Improve Its Application for the Food Colorant Industry. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E906. [PMID: 32784714 PMCID: PMC7465225 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple or black carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef) are characterized by their dark purple- to black-colored roots, owing their appearance to high anthocyanin concentrations. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of black carrot anthocyanins as natural food dyes. Black carrot roots contain large quantities of mono-acylated anthocyanins, which impart a measure of heat-, light- and pH-stability, enhancing the color-stability of food products over their shelf-life. The genetic pathway controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis appears well conserved among land plants; however, different variants of anthocyanin-related genes between cultivars results in tissue-specific accumulations of purple pigments. Thus, broad genetic variations of anthocyanin profile, and tissue-specific distributions in carrot tissues and organs, can be observed, and the ratio of acylated to non-acylated anthocyanins varies significantly in the purple carrot germplasm. Additionally, anthocyanins synthesis can also be influenced by a wide range of external factors, such as abiotic stressors and/or chemical elicitors, directly affecting the anthocyanin yield and stability potential in food and beverage applications. In this study, we critically review and discuss the current knowledge on anthocyanin diversity, genetics and the molecular mechanisms controlling anthocyanin accumulation in carrots. We also provide a view of the current knowledge gaps and advancement needs as regards developing and applying innovative molecular tools to improve the yield, product performance and stability of carrot anthocyanin for use as a natural food colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Julien Curaba
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Marti Pottorff
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Philipp Simon
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pablo F. Cavagnaro
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA) E.E.A. La Consulta, Mendoza 5567, Argentina;
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza 5505, Argentina
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10
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An Y, Yang XX, Zhang L, Zhang J, Du B, Yao L, Li XT, Guo C. Alfalfa MsCBL4 enhances calcium metabolism but not sodium transport in transgenic tobacco under salt and saline-alkali stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:997-1011. [PMID: 32333150 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE MsCBL4 expression in tobacco enhanced its salt and saline-alkali stress tolerance by regulating calcium accumulation in roots, indicating the important role of calcium metabolism in plant saline-alkali stress tolerance The calcineurin B-like (CBL) family of proteins play important roles in plant abiotic stress tolerance and signal transduction. CBL4 is known to participate in the Salt Overly Sensitive pathway; however, little is currently known regarding the mechanisms underlying the response of CBL4 to saline-alkali stress. In this study, we cloned and characterized the alfalfa MsCBL4 gene. We found that MsCBL4 showed the highest expression in root tissues and was induced by salt and saline-alkali stress, with the latter causing higher induction. Overexpression of MsCBL4 in tobacco enhanced salt and saline-alkali stress tolerance and reduced the Na+/K+ ratio in roots of transgenic lines. Salt (30 and 300 mM NaCl) and saline-alkali (30 mM NaHCO3) stress assays performed for MsCBL4 transgenic tobacco lines revealed a substantial influx of sodium ions in roots under saline-alkali stress and indicated that the expression of MsCBL4 had little influence on sodium ion content reduction. In contrast, in roots subjected to saline-alkali stress, calcium accumulation occurred and was significantly enhanced by the overexpression of MsCBL4. Physiological and biochemical analyses indicated that MsCBL4 plays an important role in saline-alkali stress tolerance via its influence on the regulation of calcium transport and accumulation. These results provide novel insights into the saline-alkali stress tolerance mechanisms of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Harbin Normal University, 1 Shidanan Road, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Harbin Normal University, 1 Shidanan Road, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Lishuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Harbin Normal University, 1 Shidanan Road, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Harbin Normal University, 1 Shidanan Road, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Binghao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Harbin Normal University, 1 Shidanan Road, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Harbin Normal University, 1 Shidanan Road, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xiu-Ting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and, Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Harbin Normal University, 1 Shidanan Road, Harbin, 150025, China.
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Blakeslee JJ, Spatola Rossi T, Kriechbaumer V. Auxin biosynthesis: spatial regulation and adaptation to stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5041-5049. [PMID: 31198972 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is essential for plant growth and development, controlling both organ development and overall plant architecture. Auxin homeostasis is regulated by coordination of biosynthesis, transport, conjugation, sequestration/storage, and catabolism to optimize concentration-dependent growth responses and adaptive responses to temperature, water stress, herbivory, and pathogens. At present, the best defined pathway of auxin biosynthesis is the TAA/YUC route, in which the tryptophan aminotransferases TAA and TAR and YUCCA flavin-dependent monooxygenases produce the auxin indole-3-acetic acid from tryptophan. This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge of TAA/YUC-dependent auxin biosynthesis focusing on membrane localization of auxin biosynthetic enzymes, differential regulation in root and shoot tissue, and auxin biosynthesis during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana Spatola Rossi
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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12
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Tsugama D, Liu S, Fujino K, Takano T. Calcium signalling regulates the functions of the bZIP protein VIP1 in touch responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1219-1229. [PMID: 30010769 PMCID: PMC6324745 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS VIP1 is a bZIP transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. VIP1 and its close homologues transiently accumulate in the nucleus when cells are exposed to hypo-osmotic and/or mechanical stress. Touch-induced root bending is enhanced in transgenic plants overexpressing a repression domain-fused form of VIP1 (VIP1-SRDXox), suggesting that VIP1, possibly with its close homologues, suppresses touch-induced root bending. The aim of this study was to identify regulators of these functions of VIP1 in mechanical stress responses. METHODS Co-immunoprecipitation analysis using VIP1-GFP fusion protein expressed in Arabidopsis plants identified calmodulins as VIP1-GFP interactors. In vitro crosslink analysis was performed using a hexahistidine-tagged calmodulin and glutathione S-transferase-fused forms of VIP1 and its close homologues. Plants expressing GFP-fused forms of VIP1 and its close homologues (bZIP59 and bZIP29) were submerged in hypotonic solutions containing divalent cation chelators, EDTA and EGTA, and a potential calmodulin inhibitor, chlorpromazine, to examine their effects on the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of those proteins. VIP1-SRDXox plants were grown on medium containing 40 mm CaCl2, 40 mm MgCl2 or 80 mm NaCl. MCA1 and MCA2 are mechanosensitive calcium channels, and the hypo-osmotic stress-dependent nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of VIP1-GFP in the mca1 mca2 double knockout mutant background was examined. KEY RESULTS In vitro crosslink products were detected in the presence of CaCl2, but not in its absence. EDTA, EGTA and chlorpromazine all inhibited both the nuclear import and the nuclear export of VIP1-GFP, bZIP59-GFP and bZIP29-GFP. Either 40 mm CaCl2or 80 mm NaCl enhanced the VIP-SRDX-dependent root bending. The nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of VIP1 was observed even in the mca1 mca2 mutant. CONCLUSIONS VIP1 and its close homologues can interact with calmodulins. Their nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling requires neither MCA1 nor MCA2, but does require calcium signalling. Salt stress affects the VIP1-dependent regulation of root bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsugama
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- For correspondence. E-mail:
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaien Fujino
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takano
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Shi H, Liu G, Wei Y, Chan Z. The zinc-finger transcription factor ZAT6 is essential for hydrogen peroxide induction of anthocyanin synthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:165-176. [PMID: 29675814 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of flavonoids is activated by various abiotic stresses, and the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a general response to abiotic stress in plants. However, the direct link between flavonoids and H2O2 and underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we found that the concentrations of anthocyanin and flavonoids were significantly induced by H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, we found that the transcript level of ZINC FINGER of ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 6 (ZAT6) was significantly activated after exogenous H2O2 treatment, and modulation of AtZAT6 expression positively affected the concentrations of both anthocyanin and total flavonoids. Notably, exogenous H2O2-induced anthocyanin synthesis was largely alleviated in AtZAT6 knockdown plants, but showed higher level in AtZAT6 overexpressing plants. AtZAT6 directly activated the expressions of TT5, TT7, TT3, TT18, MYB12, and MYB111 through binding to their promoters with TACAAT elements of these genes, and the activation of MYB12 and MYB111 up-regulated the expressions of TT4 and TT6. Taken together, this study indicates that AtZAT6 plays important role in H2O2-activated anthocyanin synthesis, via directly binding to the promoters of several genes that involved in anthocyanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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14
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Nguyen HM, Sako K, Matsui A, Ueda M, Tanaka M, Ito A, Nishino N, Yoshida M, Seki M. Transcriptomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated with the Ky-9 and Ky-72 histone deacetylase inhibitors. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1448333. [PMID: 29517946 PMCID: PMC5927655 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1448333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development, and is regulated by the antagonistic relationship between histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). We previously revealed that some HDAC inhibitors confer high-salinity stress tolerance in plants. In this study, we identified two HDAC inhibitors, namely Ky-9 and Ky-72, which enhanced the high-salinity stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Ky-9 and Ky-72 are structurally similar chlamydocin analogs. However, the in vitro inhibitory activity of Ky-9 against mammalian HDAC is greater than that of Ky-72. A western blot indicated that Ky-9 and Ky-72 increased the acetylation levels of histone H3, suggesting they exhibit HDAC inhibitory activities in plants. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis to investigate how Ky-9 and Ky-72 enhance high-salinity stress tolerance. Although Ky-9 upregulated the expression of more genes than Ky-72, similar gene expression patterns were induced by both HDAC inhibitors. Additionally, the expression of high-salinity stress tolerance-related genes, such as anthocyanin-related genes and a small peptide-encoding gene, increased by Ky-9 and Ky-72. These data suggest that slight structural differences in chemical side chain between HDAC inhibitors can alter inhibitory effect on HDAC protein leading to influence gene expression, thereby enhancing high-salinity stress tolerance in different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Mai Nguyen
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaori Sako
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Nishino
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Xu C, Cao H, Zhang Q, Wang H, Xin W, Xu E, Zhang S, Yu R, Yu D, Hu Y. Control of auxin-induced callus formation by bZIP59-LBD complex in Arabidopsis regeneration. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:108-115. [PMID: 29358751 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Induction of pluripotent cells termed callus by auxin represents a typical cell fate change required for plant in vitro regeneration; however, the molecular control of auxin-induced callus formation is largely elusive. We previously identified four Arabidopsis auxin-inducible Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) transcription factors that govern callus formation. Here, we report that Arabidopsis basic region/leucine zipper motif 59 (AtbZIP59) transcription factor forms complexes with LBDs to direct auxin-induced callus formation. We show that auxin stabilizes AtbZIP59 and enhances its interaction with LBD, and that disruption of AtbZIP59 dampens auxin-induced callus formation whereas overexpression of AtbZIP59 triggers autonomous callus formation. AtbZIP59-LBD16 directly targets a FAD-binding Berberine (FAD-BD) gene and promotes its transcription, which contributes to callus formation. These findings define the AtbZIP59-LBD complex as a critical regulator of auxin-induced cell fate change during callus formation, which provides a new insight into the molecular regulation of plant regeneration and possible developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huifen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China.
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16
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Tsugama D, Liu S, Fujino K, Takano T. Possible inhibition of Arabidopsis VIP1-mediated mechanosensory signaling by streptomycin. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1521236. [PMID: 30235047 PMCID: PMC6204804 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1521236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
VIP1 (VIRE2-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1) and its close homologues are Arabidopsis thaliana bZIP proteins regulating stress responses and root tropisms. They are present in the cytoplasm under steady conditions, but transiently accumulate in the nucleus when cells are exposed to mechanical stress such as hypo-osmotic stress and touch. This pattern of changes in subcellular localization is unique to VIP1 and its close homologues, and can be useful to further characterize mechanical stress signaling in plants. A recent study showed that calcium signaling regulates this pattern of subcellular localization. Here, we show that a possible calcium channel inhibitor, streptomycin, also inhibits the nuclear accumulation of VIP1. Candidates for the specific regulators of the mechanosensitive calcium signaling are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsugama
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CONTACT Daisuke Tsugama
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kaien Fujino
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takano
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Han EH, Petrella DP, Blakeslee JJ. 'Bending' models of halotropism: incorporating protein phosphatase 2A, ABCB transporters, and auxin metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3071-3089. [PMID: 28899081 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress causes worldwide reductions in agricultural yields, a problem that is exacerbated by the depletion of global freshwater reserves and the use of contaminated or recycled water (i.e. effluent water). Additionally, salt stress can occur as cultivated areas are subjected to frequent rounds of irrigation followed by periods of moderate to severe evapotranspiration, which can result in the heterogeneous aggregation of salts in agricultural soils. Our understanding of the later stages of salt stress and the mechanisms by which salt is transported out of cells and roots has greatly improved over the last decade. The precise mechanisms by which plant roots perceive salt stress and translate this perception into adaptive, directional growth away from increased salt concentrations (i.e. halotropism), however, are not well understood. Here, we provide a review of the current knowledge surrounding the early responses to salt stress and the initiation of halotropism, including lipid signaling, protein phosphorylation cascades, and changes in auxin metabolism and/or transport. Current models of halotropism have focused on the role of PIN2- and PIN1-mediated auxin efflux in initiating and controlling halotropism. Recent studies, however, suggest that additional factors such as ABCB transporters, protein phosphatase 2A activity, and auxin metabolism should be included in the model of halotropic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyang Han
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Dominic P Petrella
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC Metabolite Analysis Cluster (OMAC), The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
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18
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Li P, Li YJ, Zhang FJ, Zhang GZ, Jiang XY, Yu HM, Hou BK. The Arabidopsis UDP-glycosyltransferases UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, contribute to cold, salt and drought stress tolerance via modulating anthocyanin accumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:85-103. [PMID: 27599367 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant family 1 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are the biggest GT family in plants, which are responsible for transferring sugar moieties onto a variety of small molecules, and control many metabolic processes; however, their physiological significance in planta is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that two Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase genes, UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, could be strongly induced by various abiotic stresses, including cold, salt and drought stresses. Overexpression of UGT79B2/B3 significantly enhanced plant tolerance to low temperatures as well as drought and salt stresses, whereas the ugt79b2/b3 double mutants generated by RNAi (RNA interference) and CRISPR-Cas9 strategies were more susceptible to adverse conditions. Interestingly, the expression of UGT79B2 and UGT79B3 is directly controlled by CBF1 (CRT/DRE-binding factor 1, also named DREB1B) in response to low temperatures. Furthermore, we identified the enzyme activities of UGT79B2/B3 in adding UDP-rhamnose to cyanidin and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Ectopic expression of UGT79B2/B3 significantly increased the anthocyanin accumulation, and enhanced the antioxidant activity in coping with abiotic stresses, whereas the ugt79b2/b3 double mutants showed reduced anthocyanin levels. When overexpressing UGT79B2/B3 in tt18 (transparent testa 18), a mutant that cannot synthesize anthocyanins, both genes fail to improve plant adaptation to stress. Taken together, we demonstrate that UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, identified as anthocyanin rhamnosyltransferases, are regulated by CBF1 and confer abiotic stress tolerance via modulating anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Feng-Ju Zhang
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Jiang
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Hui-Min Yu
- School of Life Sciences, QiLu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
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Awlia M, Nigro A, Fajkus J, Schmoeckel SM, Negrão S, Santelia D, Trtílek M, Tester M, Julkowska MM, Panzarová K. High-Throughput Non-destructive Phenotyping of Traits that Contribute to Salinity Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1414. [PMID: 27733855 PMCID: PMC5039194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible and efficient high-throughput phenotyping approaches, combined with advances in genome sequencing, are facilitating the discovery of genes affecting plant performance. Salinity tolerance is a desirable trait that can be achieved through breeding, where most have aimed at selecting for plants that perform effective ion exclusion from the shoots. To determine overall plant performance under salt stress, it is helpful to investigate several plant traits collectively in one experimental setup. Hence, we developed a quantitative phenotyping protocol using a high-throughput phenotyping system, with RGB and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) imaging, which captures the growth, morphology, color and photosynthetic performance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants in response to salt stress. We optimized our salt treatment by controlling the soil-water content prior to introducing salt stress. We investigated these traits over time in two accessions in soil at 150, 100, or 50 mM NaCl to find that the plants subjected to 100 mM NaCl showed the most prominent responses in the absence of symptoms of severe stress. In these plants, salt stress induced significant changes in rosette area and morphology, but less prominent changes in rosette coloring and photosystem II efficiency. Clustering of ChlF traits with plant growth of nine accessions maintained at 100 mM NaCl revealed that in the early stage of salt stress, salinity tolerance correlated with non-photochemical quenching processes and during the later stage, plant performance correlated with quantum yield. This integrative approach allows the simultaneous analysis of several phenotypic traits. In combination with various genetic resources, the phenotyping protocol described here is expected to increase our understanding of plant performance and stress responses, ultimately identifying genes that improve plant performance in salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Awlia
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arianna Nigro
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Fajkus
- PSI (Photon Systems Instruments)Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra M. Schmoeckel
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sónia Negrão
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdalena M. Julkowska
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Tsugama D, Liu S, Takano T. VIP1 is very important/interesting protein 1 regulating touch responses of Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1187358. [PMID: 27171129 PMCID: PMC4973795 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1187358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
VIP1 (VIRE2-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1) is a bZIP transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. VIP1 and its close homologs (i.e., Arabidopsis group I bZIP proteins) are present in the cytoplasm under steady conditions, but are transiently localized to the nucleus when cells are exposed to hypo-osmotic conditions, which mimic mechanical stimuli such as touch. Recently we have reported that overexpression of a repression domain-fused form of VIP1 represses the expression of some touch-responsive genes, changes structures and/or local auxin responses of the root cap cells, and enhances the touch-induced root waving. This raises the possibility that VIP1 suppresses touch-induced responses. VIP1 should be useful to further characterize touch responses of plants. Here we discuss 2 seemingly interesting perspectives about VIP1: (1) What factors are involved in regulating the nuclear localization of VIP1?; (2) What can be done to further characterize the physiological functions of VIP1 and other Arabidopsis group I bZIP proteins?
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsugama
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shenkui Liu
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Tetsuo Takano
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Bulgakov VP, Avramenko TV, Tsitsiashvili GS. Critical analysis of protein signaling networks involved in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism: focus on anthocyanins. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:685-700. [PMID: 26912350 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2016.1141391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is a convenient and relatively simple model for investigating the basic principles of secondary metabolism regulation. In recent years, many publications have described links between anthocyanin biosynthesis and general defense reactions in plants as well as photomorphogenesis and hormonal signaling. These relationships are complex, and they cannot be understood intuitively. Upon observing the lacuna in the Arabidopsis interactome (an interaction map of the factors involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis secondary metabolism is not available), we attempted to connect various cellular processes that affect anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this review, we revealed the main signaling protein modules that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first reconstruction of a network of proteins involved in plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Bulgakov
- a Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia and.,b Far Eastern Federal University , Vladivostok 690950 , Russia , and
| | - Tatiana V Avramenko
- a Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia and
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Hu DG, Ma QJ, Sun CH, Sun MH, You CX, Hao YJ. Overexpression of MdSOS2L1, a CIPK protein kinase, increases the antioxidant metabolites to enhance salt tolerance in apple and tomato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:201-214. [PMID: 26096498 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity hinders the growth of most higher plants and becomes a gradually increasing threat to the agricultural production of such crops as the woody plant apple. In this study, a calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinase, MdCIPK24-LIKE1 (named as MdSOS2L1), was identified. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay revealed that the expression of MdSOS2L1 was upregulated by CaCl2 . Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay and transiently transgenic analysis demonstrated that the MdSOS2L1 protein kinase physically interacted with MdCBL1, MdCBL4 and MdCBL10 proteins to increase salt tolerance in apple. Furthermore, iTRAQ proteome combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis found that several proteins, which are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, procyanidin biosynthesis and malate metabolism, were induced in MdSOS2L1-overexpressing apple plants. Subsequent studies have shown that MdSOS2L1 increased antioxidant metabolites such as procyanidin and malate to improve salt tolerance in apple and tomato. In summary, our studies provide a mechanism in which SOS2L1 enhances the salt stress tolerance in apple and tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Qi-Jun Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Mei-Hong Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
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Álvarez-Aragón R, Haro R, Benito B, Rodríguez-Navarro A. Salt intolerance in Arabidopsis: shoot and root sodium toxicity, and inhibition by sodium-plus-potassium overaccumulation. PLANTA 2016; 243:97-114. [PMID: 26345991 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis plants in NaCl suffering half growth inhibition do not suffer osmotic stress and seldom shoot Na (+) toxicity; overaccumulation of Na (+) plus K (+) might trigger the inhibition. It is widely assumed that salinity inhibits plant growth by osmotic stress and shoot Na(+) toxicity. This study aims to examine the growth inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana by NaCl concentrations that allow the completion of the life cycle. Unaffected Col-0 wild-type plants were used to define nontoxic Na(+) contents; Na(+) toxicities in shoots and roots were analyzed in hkt1 and sos1 mutants, respectively. The growth inhibition of Col-0 plants at 40 mM Na(+) was mild and equivalent to that produced by 8 and 4 mM Na(+) in hkt1 and sos1 plants, respectively. Therefore, these mutants allowed to study the toxicity of Na(+) in the absence of an osmotic challenge. Col-0 and Ts-1 accessions showed very different Na(+) contents but similar growth inhibitions; Ts-1 plants showed very high leaf Na(+) contents but no symptoms of Na(+) toxicity. Ak-1, C24, and Fei-0 plants were highly affected by NaCl showing evident symptoms of shoot Na(+) toxicity. Increasing K(+) in isotonic NaCl/KCl combinations dramatically decreased the Na(+) content in all Arabidopsis accessions and eliminated the signs of Na(+) toxicity in most of them but did not relieve growth inhibition. This suggested that the dominant inhibition in these conditions was either osmotic or of an ionic nature unspecific for Na(+) or K(+). Col-0 and Ts-1 plants growing in sorbitol showed a clear osmotic stress characterized by a notable decrease of their water content, but this response did not occur in NaCl. Overaccumulation of Na(+) plus K(+) might trigger growth reduction in NaCl-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Álvarez-Aragón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Haro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alonso Rodríguez-Navarro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Meng C, Zhang S, Deng YS, Wang GD, Kong FY. Overexpression of a tomato flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like protein gene improves chilling tolerance in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:388-400. [PMID: 26372946 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites found in plants with a wide range of biological functions, such as stress protection. This study investigated the functions of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like protein gene SlF3HL by using transgenic tobacco. The expression of the gene was up-regulated under chilling (4 °C), heat (42 °C), salt (NaCl) and oxidative (H2O2) stresses. The transgenic plants that displayed high SlF3HL mRNA and protein levels showed higher flavonoid content than the WT plants. Moreover, the expression of three flavonoid biosynthesis-related structural genes, namely, chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI) and flavonol synthase (FLS) was also higher in the transgenic plants than in the WT plants. Under chilling stress, the transgenic plants showed not only faster seed germination, better survival and growth, but also lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, relative electrical conductivity (REC) and H2O2 and O2(·-) levels compared with WT plants. These results suggested that SlF3HL stimulated flavonoid biosynthesis in response to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agricultural, Cotton Research Centre, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Fan-Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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25
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Dong X, Yi H, Lee J, Nou IS, Han CT, Hur Y. Global Gene-Expression Analysis to Identify Differentially Expressed Genes Critical for the Heat Stress Response in Brassica rapa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130451. [PMID: 26102990 PMCID: PMC4477974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide dissection of the heat stress response (HSR) is necessary to overcome problems in crop production caused by global warming. To identify HSR genes, we profiled gene expression in two Chinese cabbage inbred lines with different thermotolerances, Chiifu and Kenshin. Many genes exhibited >2-fold changes in expression upon exposure to 0.5– 4 h at 45°C (high temperature, HT): 5.2% (2,142 genes) in Chiifu and 3.7% (1,535 genes) in Kenshin. The most enriched GO (Gene Ontology) items included ‘response to heat’, ‘response to reactive oxygen species (ROS)’, ‘response to temperature stimulus’, ‘response to abiotic stimulus’, and ‘MAPKKK cascade’. In both lines, the genes most highly induced by HT encoded small heat shock proteins (Hsps) and heat shock factor (Hsf)-like proteins such as HsfB2A (Bra029292), whereas high-molecular weight Hsps were constitutively expressed. Other upstream HSR components were also up-regulated: ROS-scavenging genes like glutathione peroxidase 2 (BrGPX2, Bra022853), protein kinases, and phosphatases. Among heat stress (HS) marker genes in Arabidopsis, only exportin 1A (XPO1A) (Bra008580, Bra006382) can be applied to B. rapa for basal thermotolerance (BT) and short-term acquired thermotolerance (SAT) gene. CYP707A3 (Bra025083, Bra021965), which is involved in the dehydration response in Arabidopsis, was associated with membrane leakage in both lines following HS. Although many transcription factors (TF) genes, including DREB2A (Bra005852), were involved in HS tolerance in both lines, Bra024224 (MYB41) and Bra021735 (a bZIP/AIR1 [Anthocyanin-Impaired-Response-1]) were specific to Kenshin. Several candidate TFs involved in thermotolerance were confirmed as HSR genes by real-time PCR, and these assignments were further supported by promoter analysis. Although some of our findings are similar to those obtained using other plant species, clear differences in Brassica rapa reveal a distinct HSR in this species. Our data could also provide a springboard for developing molecular markers of HS and for engineering HS tolerant B. rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Dong
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hankuil Yi
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeo Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ching-Tack Han
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YH); (CTH)
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YH); (CTH)
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26
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D'Amelia V, Aversano R, Batelli G, Caruso I, Castellano Moreno M, Castro-Sanz AB, Chiaiese P, Fasano C, Palomba F, Carputo D. High AN1 variability and interaction with basic helix-loop-helix co-factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:527-40. [PMID: 25159050 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AN1 is a regulatory gene that promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tubers and encodes a R2R3 MYB transcription factor. However, no clear evidence implicates AN1 in anthocyanin production in leaves, where these pigments might enhance environmental stress tolerance. In our study we found that AN1 displays intraspecific sequence variability in both coding/non-coding regions and in the promoter, and that its expression is associated with high anthocyanin content in leaves of commercial potatoes. Expression analysis provided evidence that leaf pigmentation is associated to AN1 expression and that StJAF13 acts as putative AN1 co-regulator for anthocyanin gene expression in leaves of the red leaf variety 'Magenta Love,' while a concomitant expression of StbHLH1 may contribute to anthocyanin accumulation in leaves of 'Double Fun.' Yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed that AN1 interacts with StbHLH1 and StJAF13 and the latter interaction was verified and localized in the cell nucleus by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. In addition, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) overexpressing a combination of either AN1 with StJAF13 or AN1 with StbHLH1 showed deeper purple pigmentation with respect to AN1 alone. This further confirmed AN1/StJAF13 and AN1/StbHLH1 interactions. Our findings demonstrate that the classical loci identified for potato leaf anthocyanin accumulation correspond to AN1 and may represent an important step to expand our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Amelia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
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27
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Stecker KE, Minkoff BB, Sussman MR. Phosphoproteomic Analyses Reveal Early Signaling Events in the Osmotic Stress Response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1171-1187. [PMID: 24808101 PMCID: PMC4081330 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.238816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating how plants sense and respond to water loss is important for identifying genetic and chemical interventions that may help sustain crop yields in water-limiting environments. Currently, the molecular mechanisms involved in the initial perception and response to dehydration are not well understood. Modern mass spectrometric methods for quantifying changes in the phosphoproteome provide an opportunity to identify key phosphorylation events involved in this process. Here, we have used both untargeted and targeted isotope-assisted mass spectrometric methods of phosphopeptide quantitation to characterize proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) whose degree of phosphorylation is rapidly altered by hyperosmotic treatment. Thus, protein phosphorylation events responsive to 5 min of 0.3 m mannitol treatment were first identified using 15N metabolic labeling and untargeted mass spectrometry with a high-resolution ion-trap instrument. The results from these discovery experiments were then validated using targeted Selected Reaction Monitoring mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole. Targeted Selected Reaction Monitoring experiments were conducted with plants treated under nine different environmental perturbations to determine whether the phosphorylation changes were specific for osmosignaling or involved cross talk with other signaling pathways. The results indicate that regulatory proteins such as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family are specifically phosphorylated in response to osmotic stress. Proteins involved in 5' messenger RNA decapping and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate synthesis were also identified as targets of dehydration-induced phosphoregulation. The results of these experiments demonstrate the utility of targeted phosphoproteomic analysis in understanding protein regulation networks and provide new insight into cellular processes involved in the osmotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Stecker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Benjamin B Minkoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Michael R Sussman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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28
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Sun X, Yang S, Sun M, Wang S, Ding X, Zhu D, Ji W, Cai H, Zhao C, Wang X, Zhu Y. A novel Glycine soja cysteine proteinase inhibitor GsCPI14, interacting with the calcium/calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase GsCBRLK, regulated plant tolerance to alkali stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 85:33-48. [PMID: 24407891 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been well demonstrated that cystatins regulated plant stress tolerance through inhibiting the cysteine proteinase activity under environmental stress. However, there was limited information about the role of cystatins in plant alkali stress response, especially in wild soybean. Here, in this study, we focused on the biological characterization of a novel Glycine soja cystatin protein GsCPI14, which interacted with the calcium/calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase GsCBRLK and positively regulated plant alkali stress tolerance. The protein-protein interaction between GsCBRLK and GsCPI14 was confirmed by using split-ubiquitin based membrane yeast two-hybrid analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. Expression of GsCPI14 was greatly induced by salt, ABA and alkali stress in G. soja, and GsCBRLK overexpression (OX) in Glycine max promoted the stress induction of GmCPI14 expression under stress conditions. Furthermore, we found that GsCPI14-eGFP fusion protein localized in the entire Arabidopsis protoplast and onion epidermal cell, and GsCPI14 showed ubiquitous expression in different tissues of G. soja. In addition, we gave evidence that the GST-GsCPI14 fusion protein inhibited the proteolytic activity of papain in vitro. At last, we demonstrated that OX of GsCPI14 in Arabidopsis promoted the seed germination under alkali stress, as evidenced by higher germination rates. GsCPI14 transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings also displayed better growth performance and physiological index under alkali stress. Taken together, results presented in this study demonstrated that the G. soja cysteine proteinase inhibitor GsCPI14 interacted with the calcium/calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase GsCBRLK and regulated plant tolerance to alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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29
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Gupta B, Huang B. Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:701596. [PMID: 24804192 PMCID: PMC3996477 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences (Section Biotechnology), Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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