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Yang G, Pan Y, Pan W, Song Q, Zhang R, Tong W, Cui L, Ji W, Song W, Song B, Deng P, Nie X. Combined GWAS and eGWAS reveals the genetic basis underlying drought tolerance in emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38358006 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major environmental constraints for wheat production world-wide. As the progenitor and genetic reservoir of common wheat, emmer wheat is considered as an invaluable gene pool for breeding drought-tolerant wheat. Combining GWAS and eGWAS analysis of 107 accessions, we identified 86 QTLs, 105 462 eQTLs as well as 68 eQTL hotspots associating with drought tolerance (DT) in emmer wheat. A complex regulatory network composed of 185 upstream regulator and 2432 downstream drought-responsive candidates was developed, of which TtOTS1 was found to play a negative effect in determining DT through affecting root development. This study sheds light on revealing the genetic basis underlying DT, which will provide the indispensable genes and germplasm resources for elite drought tolerance wheat improvement and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqiu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Licao Cui
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoxing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Pingchuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Pioneering Innovation Center for Wheat Stress Tolerance Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Masoabi M, Burger NFV, Botha AM, Le Roux ML, Vlok M, Snyman S, Van der Vyver C. Overexpression of the Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier protease OTS1 gene enhances drought tolerance in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1121-1141. [PMID: 37856570 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is an economically important crop plant across the globe as it is the primary source of sugar and biofuel. Its growth and development are greatly influenced by water availability; therefore, in periods of water scarcity, yields are severely compromised. Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) proteases play an important role in stress responses by regulating the SUMO-related post-translational modification of proteins. In an attempt to enhance drought tolerance in sugarcane, this crop was genetically transformed with a cysteine protease (OVERLY TOLERANT TO SALT-1; OTS1) from Arabidopsis thaliana using particle bombardment. Transgenic plants were analysed in terms of photosynthetic capacity, oxidative damage, antioxidant accumulation and the SUMO-enrich protein profile was assessed. Sugarcane transformed with the AtOTS1 gene displayed enhanced drought tolerance and delayed leaf senescence under water deficit compared to the untransformed wild type (WT). The AtOTS1 transgenic plants maintained a high relative moisture content and higher photosynthesis rate when compared to the WT. In addition, when the transgene was expressed at high levels, the transformed plants were able to maintain higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyl content under moderate stress compared to the WT. Under severe water deficit stress, the transgenic plants accumulated less malondialdehyde and maintained membrane integrity. SUMOylation of total protein and protease activity was lower in the AtOTS1 transformed plants compared to the WT, with several SUMO-enriched proteins exclusively expressed in the transgenics when exposed to water deficit stress. SUMOylation of proteins likely influenced various mechanisms contributing to enhanced drought tolerance in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masoabi
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - N F V Burger
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A-M Botha
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M L Le Roux
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M Vlok
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Central Analytic Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - S Snyman
- South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - C Van der Vyver
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Rosas-Diaz T, Cana-Quijada P, Wu M, Hui D, Fernandez-Barbero G, Macho AP, Solano R, Castillo AG, Wang XW, Lozano-Duran R, Bejarano ER. The transcriptional regulator JAZ8 interacts with the C2 protein from geminiviruses and limits the geminiviral infection in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36946519 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are phytohormones that finely regulate critical biological processes, including plant development and defense. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are crucial transcriptional regulators that keep JA-responsive genes in a repressed state. In the presence of JA-Ile, JAZ repressors are ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system, allowing the activation of downstream transcription factors and, consequently, the induction of JA-responsive genes. A growing body of evidence has shown that JA signaling is crucial in defending against plant viruses and their insect vectors. Here, we describe the interaction of C2 proteins from two tomato-infecting geminiviruses from the genus Begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato yellow curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSaV), with the transcriptional repressor JAZ8 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its closest orthologue in tomato, SlJAZ9. Both JAZ and C2 proteins colocalize in the nucleus, forming discrete nuclear speckles. Overexpression of JAZ8 did not lead to altered responses to TYLCV infection in Arabidopsis; however, knock-down of JAZ8 favors geminiviral infection. Low levels of JAZ8 likely affect the viral infection specifically, since JAZ8-silenced plants neither display obvious developmental phenotypes nor present differences in their interaction with the viral insect vector. In summary, our results show that the geminivirus-encoded C2 interacts with JAZ8 in the nucleus, and suggest that this plant protein exerts an anti-geminiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Rosas-Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pepe Cana-Quijada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mengshi Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Du Hui
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gemma Fernandez-Barbero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Roberto Solano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Eduardo R Bejarano
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Singh M, Singh A, Yadav N, Yadav DK. Current perspectives of ubiquitination and SUMOylation in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993194. [PMID: 36212351 PMCID: PMC9533872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) is a critical and rapid mechanism to regulate all the major cellular processes through the modification of diverse protein substrates. Substrate-specific covalent attachment of ubiquitin and Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) with the target proteins, known as ubiquitination and SUMOylation, respectively, are crucial PTMs that regulate almost every process in the cell by modulating the stability and fidelity of the proteins. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation play a very significant role to provide tolerance to the plants in adverse environmental conditions by activating/deactivating the pre-existing proteins to a great extent. We reviewed the importance of ubiquitination and SUMOylation in plants, implicating its prospects in various abiotic stress regulations. An exhaustive study of molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination and SUMOylation of plant proteins and their role will contribute to the understanding of physiology underlying mitigation of the abiotic stresses and survival in plants. It will be helpful to strategize the improvement of crops for abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Ananya Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Neelam Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Joo H, Lim CW, Lee SC. Pepper SUMO E3 ligase CaDSIZ1 enhances drought tolerance by stabilizing the transcription factor CaDRHB1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2313-2330. [PMID: 35672943 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation (SUMOylation) is a reversible post-translational modification associated with protein stability and activity, and modulates hormone signaling and stress responses in plants. Previously, we reported that the pepper dehydration-responsive homeobox domain transcription factor CaDRHB1 acts as a positive modulator of drought response. Here, we show that CaDRHB1 protein stability is enhanced by SUMO E3 ligase Capsicum annuum DRHB1-interacting SAP and Miz domain (SIZ1) (CaDSIZ1)-mediated SUMOylation in response to drought, thereby positively modulating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and drought responses. Substituting lysine (K) 138 of CaDRHB1 with arginine reduced CaDSIZ1-mediated SUMOylation, indicating that K138 is the principal site for SUMO conjugation. Virus-induced silencing of CaDSIZ1 promoted CaDRHB1 degradation, suggesting that CaDSIZ1 is involved in drought-induced SUMOylation of CaDRHB1. CaDSIZ1 interacted with and facilitated SUMO conjugation of CaDRHB1. CaDRHB1, mainly localized in the nucleus, but also in the cytoplasm in the SUMOylation mimic state, suggesting that SUMOylation of CaDRHB1 promotes its nuclear export, leading to cytoplasmic accumulation. Moreover, CaDSIZ1-silenced pepper plants were less sensitive to ABA and considerably sensitive to drought stress, whereas CaDSIZ1-overexpressing plants displayed ABA-hypersensitive and drought-tolerant phenotypes. Collectively, our data indicate that CaDSIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of CaDRHB1 functions in ABA-mediated drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Joo
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
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Wahab A, Abdi G, Saleem MH, Ali B, Ullah S, Shah W, Mumtaz S, Yasin G, Muresan CC, Marc RA. Plants' Physio-Biochemical and Phyto-Hormonal Responses to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1620. [PMID: 35807572 PMCID: PMC9269229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability, causing numerous issues, such as the current water-scarce regimes in many regions of the biome. This review aims to collect data from various published studies in the literature to understand and critically analyze plants' morphological, growth, yield, and physio-biochemical responses to drought stress and their potential to modulate and nullify the damaging effects of drought stress via activating natural physiological and biochemical mechanisms. In addition, the review described current breakthroughs in understanding how plant hormones influence drought stress responses and phytohormonal interaction through signaling under water stress regimes. The information for this review was systematically gathered from different global search engines and the scientific literature databases Science Direct, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, related studies, published books, and articles. Drought stress is a significant obstacle to meeting food demand for the world's constantly growing population. Plants cope with stress regimes through changes to cellular osmotic potential, water potential, and activation of natural defense systems in the form of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes including proteins, proline, glycine betaine, phenolic compounds, and soluble sugars. Phytohormones modulate developmental processes and signaling networks, which aid in acclimating plants to biotic and abiotic challenges and, consequently, their survival. Significant progress has been made for jasmonates, salicylic acid, and ethylene in identifying important components and understanding their roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. Other plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, and peptide hormones, have been linked to plant defense signaling pathways in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran;
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Saqib Ullah
- Department of Botany, Islamia College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Wadood Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Sahar Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Crina Carmen Muresan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Ibrahim EI, Attia KA, Ghazy AI, Itoh K, Almajhdi FN, Al-Doss AA. Molecular Characterization and Functional Localization of a Novel SUMOylation Gene in Oryza sativa. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010053. [PMID: 35053052 PMCID: PMC8772976 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The small ubiquitin-related modifier genes regulate the function of the cellular proteins, which are associated with cell stress-tolerance. Identification and understanding the functional localization of these genes are very important to mitigate the stresses. In this study, we identified a novel small ubiquitin-related modifier gene and studied its functional localization in the cell. This new finding will be very valuable in increasing our understanding of the mechanism of stress-tolerance. Abstract Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) regulates the cellular function of diverse proteins through post-translational modifications. The current study defined a new homolog of SUMO genes in the rice genome and named it OsSUMO7. Putative protein analysis of OsSUMO7 detected SUMOylation features, including di-glycine (GG) and consensus motifs (ΨKXE/D) for the SUMOylation site. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the high homology of OsSUMO7 with identified rice SUMO genes, which indicates that the OsSUMO7 gene is an evolutionarily conserved SUMO member. RT-PCR analysis revealed that OsSUMO7 was constitutively expressed in all plant organs. Bioinformatic analysis defined the physicochemical properties and structural model prediction of OsSUMO7 proteins. A red fluorescent protein (DsRed), fused with the OsSUMO7 protein, was expressed and localized mainly in the nucleus and formed nuclear subdomain structures. The fusion proteins of SUMO-conjugating enzymes with the OsSUMO7 protein were co-expressed and co-localized in the nucleus and formed nuclear subdomains. This indicated that the OsSUMO7 precursor is processed, activated, and transported to the nucleus through the SUMOylation system of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid I. Ibrahim
- Biotechnology Lab., Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.G.); (A.A.A.-D.)
- Correspondence: (E.I.I.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455-11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Rice Biotechnology Lab., Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Sakha, Kafr, EL-Sheikh 33717, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.I.I.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Abdelhalim I. Ghazy
- Biotechnology Lab., Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.G.); (A.A.A.-D.)
| | - Kimiko Itoh
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Fahad N. Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Doss
- Biotechnology Lab., Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.G.); (A.A.A.-D.)
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Srivastava M, Verma V, Srivastava AK. The converging path of protein SUMOylation in phytohormone signalling: highlights and new frontiers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2047-2061. [PMID: 34129078 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intersection of phytohormone signalling pathways with SUMOylation, a key post-translational modification, offers an additional layer of control to the phytohormone signalling for sophisticated regulation of plant development. Plants live in a constantly changing environment that are often challenging for the growth and development of plants. Phytohormones play a critical role in modulating molecular-level changes for enabling plants to resist climatic aberrations. The orchestration of such effective molecular responses entails rapid regulation of phytohormone signalling at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Post-translational modifications have emerged as a key player in modulating hormonal pathways. The current review lays emphasis on the role of SUMOylation, a key post-translational modification, in manipulating individual hormone signalling pathways for better plant adaptability. Here, we discuss the recent advancement in the field and highlights how SUMO targets key signalling intermediates including transcription factors to provide a quick response to different biotic or abiotic stresses, sometimes even prior to changes in hormone levels. The understanding of the convergence of SUMOylation and hormonal pathways will offer an additional layer of control to the phytohormone signalling for an intricate and sophisticated regulation of plant development and can be utilised as a tool to generate climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
| | - Anjil Kumar Srivastava
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Sharma P, Gayen D. Plant protease as regulator and signaling molecule for enhancing environmental stress-tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2081-2095. [PMID: 34173047 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Plant proteases are key regulators of various physiological processes, including protein homeostasis, organelle development, senescence, seed germination, protein processing, environmental stress response, and programmed cell death. Proteases are involved in the breakdown of peptide bonds resulting in irreversible posttranslational modification of the protein. Proteases act as signaling molecules that specifically regulate cellular function by cleaving and triggering receptor molecules. Peptides derived from proteolysis regulate ROS signaling under oxidative stress in the plant. It degrades misfolded and abnormal proteins into amino acids to repair the cell damage and regulates the biological process in response to environmental stress. Proteases modulate the biogenesis of phytohormones which control plant growth, development, and environmental stresses. Protein homeostasis, the overall balance between protein synthesis and proteolysis, is required for plant growth and development. Abiotic and biotic stresses are major factors that negatively impact cellular survivability, biomass production, and reduced crop yield potentials. Therefore, the identification of various stress-responsive proteases and their molecular functions may elucidate valuable information for the development of stress-resilient crops with higher yield potentials. However, the understanding of molecular mechanisms of plant protease remains unexplored. This review provides an overview of proteases related to development, signaling, and growth regulation to acclimatize environmental stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Roy D, Sadanandom A. SUMO mediated regulation of transcription factors as a mechanism for transducing environmental cues into cellular signaling in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2641-2664. [PMID: 33452901 PMCID: PMC8004507 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Across all species, transcription factors (TFs) are the most frequent targets of SUMOylation. The effect of SUMO conjugation on the functions of transcription factors has been extensively studied in animal systems, with over 200 transcription factors being documented to be modulated by SUMOylation. This has resulted in the establishment of a number of paradigms that seek to explain the mechanisms by which SUMO regulates transcription factor functions. For instance, SUMO has been shown to modulate TF DNA binding activity; regulate both localization as well as the abundance of TFs and also influence the association of TFs with chromatin. With transcription factors being implicated as master regulators of the cellular signalling pathways that maintain phenotypic plasticity in all organisms, in this review, we will discuss how SUMO mediated regulation of transcription factor activity facilitates molecular pathways to mount an appropriate and coherent biological response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipan Roy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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11
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An Insight into the Factors Influencing Specificity of the SUMO System in Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121788. [PMID: 33348543 PMCID: PMC7767294 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to their sessile nature, plants are constantly subjected to various environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and pathogen infections. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), like SUMOylation, play a vital role in the regulation of plant responses to their environment. The process of SUMOylation typically involves an enzymatic cascade containing the activation, (E1), conjugation (E2), and ligation (E3) of SUMO to a target protein. Additionally, it also requires a class of SUMO proteases that generate mature SUMO from its precursor and cleave it off the target protein, a process termed deSUMOylation. It is now clear that SUMOylation in plants is key to a plethora of adaptive responses. How this is achieved with an extremely limited set of machinery components is still unclear. One possibility is that novel SUMO components are yet to be discovered. However, current knowledge indicates that only a small set of enzymes seem to be responsible for the modification of a large number of SUMO substrates. It is yet unknown where the specificity lies within the SUMO system. Although this seems to be a crucial question in the field of SUMOylation studies, not much is known about the factors that provide specificity. In this review, we highlight the role of the localisation of SUMO components as an important factor that can play a vital role in contributing to the specificity within the process. This will introduce a new facet to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such a dynamic process.
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12
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Gupta D, Garapati HS, Kakumanu AV, Shukla R, Mishra K. SUMOylation in fungi: A potential target for intervention. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3484-3493. [PMID: 33294142 PMCID: PMC7691676 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational, reversible modification process which occurs in eukaryotes. Small Ubiquitin like MOdifier or (SUMO) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins to modify the target protein function. In pathogenic fungi, SUMO has been identified and preliminary studies indicate its importance either for survival and/or for virulence. In this review we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of SUMOylation in fungi and the effects on pathogenesis. Subsequently we identify the orthologs of the SUMOylation pathway components across fungi. We also show the level of conservation of the proteins involved and identify the similarities/differences in the orthologs across fungi and the human and plant hosts to identify potential targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Hita Sony Garapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Akhil V.S. Kakumanu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Krishnaveni Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Fanourakis D, Nikoloudakis N, Pappi P, Markakis E, Doupis G, Charova SN, Delis C, Tsaniklidis G. The Role of Proteases in Determining Stomatal Development and Tuning Pore Aperture: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E340. [PMID: 32182645 PMCID: PMC7154916 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant proteases, the proteolytic enzymes that catalyze protein breakdown and recycling, play an essential role in a variety of biological processes including stomatal development and distribution, as well as, systemic stress responses. In this review, we summarize what is known about the participation of proteases in both stomatal organogenesis and on the stomatal pore aperture tuning, with particular emphasis on their involvement in numerous signaling pathways triggered by abiotic and biotic stressors. There is a compelling body of evidence demonstrating that several proteases are directly or indirectly implicated in the process of stomatal development, affecting stomatal index, density, spacing, as well as, size. In addition, proteases are reported to be involved in a transient adjustment of stomatal aperture, thus orchestrating gas exchange. Consequently, the proteases-mediated regulation of stomatal movements considerably affects plants' ability to cope not only with abiotic stressors, but also to perceive and respond to biotic stimuli. Even though the determining role of proteases on stomatal development and functioning is just beginning to unfold, our understanding of the underlying processes and cellular mechanisms still remains far from being completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Fanourakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece;
- Giannakakis SA, Export Fruits and Vegetables, Tympaki, 70200 Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikoloudakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus;
| | - Polyxeni Pappi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—‘Demeter’, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, 71307 Crete, Greece; (P.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.)
| | - Emmanouil Markakis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—‘Demeter’, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, 71307 Crete, Greece; (P.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.)
| | - Georgios Doupis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—‘Demeter’, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, 71307 Crete, Greece; (P.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.)
| | - Spyridoula N. Charova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Development, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece;
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Georgios Tsaniklidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—‘Demeter’, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, 71307 Crete, Greece; (P.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.)
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Rosa MT, Abreu IA. Exploring the regulatory levels of SUMOylation to increase crop productivity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 49:43-51. [PMID: 31177030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is an essential post-translational modification that affects several cellular processes, from gene replication to stress response. Studies using the SUMO (de)conjugation machinery have provided evidence regarding its potential to improve crop performance and productivity under normal and adverse conditions. However, the pleiotropic effect of SUMOylation can be a disadvantage in both situations, especially when considering unpredictable environmental conditions caused by climate changes. Here, we discuss the pleiotropic effects caused by disrupting the SUMOylation machinery, and new strategies that may help to overcome pleiotropy. We propose exploring the several regulatory levels of SUMOylation recently revealed, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional regulation by alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications. These new findings may provide valuable tools to increase crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Tg Rosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel A Abreu
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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15
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Lazaro A, Zhou Y, Giesguth M, Nawaz K, Bergonzi S, Pecinka A, Coupland G, Albani MC. PERPETUAL FLOWERING2 coordinates the vernalization response and perennial flowering in Arabis alpina. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:949-961. [PMID: 30481340 PMCID: PMC6363098 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The floral repressor APETALA2 (AP2) in Arabidopsis regulates flowering through the age pathway. The AP2 ortholog in the alpine perennial Arabis alpina, PERPETUAL FLOWERING 2 (PEP2), was previously reported to control flowering through the vernalization pathway via enhancing the expression of another floral repressor PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), the ortholog of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). However, PEP2 also regulates flowering independently of PEP1. To characterize the function of PEP2, we analyzed the transcriptomes of pep2 and pep1 mutants. The majority of differentially expressed genes were detected between pep2 and the wild type or between pep2 and pep1, highlighting the importance of the PEP2 role that is independent of PEP1. Here, we demonstrate that PEP2 activity prevents the up-regulation of the A. alpina floral meristem identity genes FRUITFUL (AaFUL), LEAFY (AaLFY), and APETALA1 (AaAP1), ensuring floral commitment during vernalization. Young pep2 seedlings respond to vernalization, suggesting that PEP2 regulates the age-dependent response to vernalization independently of PEP1. The major role of PEP2 through the PEP1-dependent pathway takes place after vernalization, when it facilitates PEP1 activation both in the main shoot apex and in axillary branches. These multiple roles of PEP2 in the vernalization response contribute to the A. alpina life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lazaro
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhao Zhou
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences ‘From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules’, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam Giesguth
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences ‘From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules’, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kashif Nawaz
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Bergonzi
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria C Albani
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences ‘From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules’, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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16
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Morrell R, Sadanandom A. Dealing With Stress: A Review of Plant SUMO Proteases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1122. [PMID: 31620153 PMCID: PMC6759571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The SUMO system is a rapid dynamic post-translational mechanism employed by eukaryotic cells to respond to stress. Plant cells experience hyperSUMOylation of substrates in response to stresses such as heat, ethanol, and drought. Many SUMOylated proteins are located in the nucleus, SUMOylation altering many nuclear processes. The SUMO proteases play two key functions in the SUMO cycle by generating free SUMO; they have an important role in regulating the SUMO cycle, and by cleaving SUMO off SUMOylated proteins, they provide specificity to which proteins become SUMOylated. This review summarizes the broad literature of plant SUMO proteases describing their catalytic activity, domains and structure, evolution, localization, and response to stress and highlighting potential new areas of research in the future.
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Pedley KF, Pandey AK, Ruck A, Lincoln LM, Whitham SA, Graham MA. Rpp1 Encodes a ULP1-NBS-LRR Protein That Controls Immunity to Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Soybean. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:120-133. [PMID: 30303765 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0198-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phakopsora pachyrhizi is the causal agent of Asian soybean rust. Susceptible soybean plants infected by virulent isolates of P. pachyrhizi are characterized by tan-colored lesions and erumpent uredinia on the leaf surface. Germplasm screening and genetic analyses have led to the identification of seven loci, Rpp1 to Rpp7, that provide varying degrees of resistance to P. pachyrhizi (Rpp). Two genes, Rpp1 and Rpp1b, map to the same region on soybean chromosome 18. Rpp1 is unique among the Rpp genes in that it confers an immune response (IR) to avirulent P. pachyrhizi isolates. The IR is characterized by a lack of visible symptoms, whereas resistance provided by Rpp1b to Rpp7 results in red-brown foliar lesions. Rpp1 maps to a region spanning approximately 150 kb on chromosome 18 between markers Sct_187 and Sat_064 in L85-2378 (Rpp1), an isoline developed from Williams 82 and PI 200492 (Rpp1). To identify Rpp1, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome library from soybean accession PI 200492. Sequencing of the Rpp1 locus identified three homologous nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) candidate resistance genes between Sct_187 and Sat_064. Each candidate gene is also predicted to encode an N-terminal ubiquitin-like protease 1 (ULP1) domain. Cosilencing of the Rpp1 candidates abrogated the immune response in the Rpp1 resistant soybean accession PI 200492, indicating that Rpp1 is a ULP1-NBS-LRR protein and plays a key role in the IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry F Pedley
- 1 United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Ajay K Pandey
- 1 United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, U.S.A
- 3 Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Amy Ruck
- 1 United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Lori M Lincoln
- 2 USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A.; and
| | - Steven A Whitham
- 3 Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Michelle A Graham
- 2 USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A.; and
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18
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Wang Q, Qu GP, Kong X, Yan Y, Li J, Jin JB. Arabidopsis small ubiquitin-related modifier protease ASP1 positively regulates abscisic acid signaling during early seedling development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:924-937. [PMID: 29786952 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) modification plays an important role in the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, but the function of the SUMO protease, in ABA signaling, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the SUMO protease, ASP1 positively regulates ABA signaling. Mutations in ASP1 resulted in an ABA-insensitive phenotype, during early seedling development. Wild-type ASP1 successfully rescued, whereas an ASP1 mutant (C577S), defective in SUMO protease activity, failed to rescue, the ABA-insensitive phenotype of asp1-1. Expression of ABI5 and MYB30 target genes was attenuated in asp1-1 and our genetic analyses revealed that ASP1 may function upstream of ABI5 and MYB30. Interestingly, ASP1 accumulated upon ABA treatment, and ABA-induced accumulation of ABI5 (a positive regulator of ABA signaling) was abolished, whereas ABA-induced accumulation of MYB30 (a negative regulator of ABA signaling) was increased in asp1-1. These findings support the hypothesis that increased levels of ASP1, upon ABA treatment, tilt the balance between ABI5 and MYB30 towards ABI5-mediated ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gao-Ping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangxiong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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19
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Garrido E, Srivastava AK, Sadanandom A. Exploiting protein modification systems to boost crop productivity: SUMO proteases in focus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4625-4632. [PMID: 29897480 PMCID: PMC6117578 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins has emerged as a key process that integrates plant growth and response to a changing environment. During the processes of domestication and breeding, plants were selected for various yield and adaptational characteristics. The post-translational modifier small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein is known to have a role in the regulation of a number of these characteristics. Using bioinformatics, we mined the genomes of cereal and Brassica crops and their non-crop relatives Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon for ubiquitin-like protease (ULP) SUMO protease sequences. We discovered that the SUMO system in cereal crops is disproportionately elaborate in comparison with that in B. distachyon. We use these data to propose deSUMOylation as a mechanism for specificity in the SUMO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Garrido
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, UK
| | | | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, UK
- Correspondence:
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20
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Castro PH, Santos MÂ, Freitas S, Cana-Quijada P, Lourenço T, Rodrigues MAA, Fonseca F, Ruiz-Albert J, Azevedo JE, Tavares RM, Castillo AG, Bejarano ER, Azevedo H. Arabidopsis thaliana SPF1 and SPF2 are nuclear-located ULP2-like SUMO proteases that act downstream of SIZ1 in plant development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4633-4649. [PMID: 30053161 PMCID: PMC6117582 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifiers such as the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) peptide act as fast and reversible protein regulators. Functional characterization of the sumoylation machinery has determined the key regulatory role that SUMO plays in plant development. Unlike components of the SUMO conjugation pathway, SUMO proteases (ULPs) are encoded by a relatively large gene family and are potential sources of specificity within the pathway. This study reports a thorough comparative genomics and phylogenetic characterization of plant ULPs, revealing the presence of one ULP1-like and three ULP2-like SUMO protease subgroups within plant genomes. As representatives of an under-studied subgroup, Arabidopsis SPF1 and SPF2 were subjected to functional characterization. Loss-of-function mutants implicated both proteins with vegetative growth, flowering time, and seed size and yield. Mutants constitutively accumulated SUMO conjugates, and yeast complementation assays associated these proteins with the function of ScUlp2 but not ScUlp1. Fluorescence imaging placed both proteins in the plant cell nucleoplasm. Transcriptomics analysis indicated strong regulatory involvement in secondary metabolism, cell wall remodelling, and nitrate assimilation. Furthermore, developmental defects of the spf1-1 spf2-2 (spf1/2) double-mutant opposed those of the major E3 ligase siz1 mutant and, most significantly, developmental and transcriptomic characterization of the siz1 spf1/2 triple-mutant placed SIZ1 as epistatic to SPF1 and SPF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center (CBFP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- Area de Genética, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
- CIBIO, InBIO—Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ângelo Santos
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center (CBFP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Freitas
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center (CBFP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- CIBIO, InBIO—Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Pepe Cana-Quijada
- Area de Genética, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tiago Lourenço
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center (CBFP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mafalda A A Rodrigues
- PRPlants Lab, GPlantS Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica—Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fátima Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Ruiz-Albert
- Area de Genética, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge E Azevedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Tavares
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center (CBFP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Area de Genética, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo R Bejarano
- Area de Genética, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Herlander Azevedo
- CIBIO, InBIO—Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Benlloch R, Lois LM. Sumoylation in plants: mechanistic insights and its role in drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4539-4554. [PMID: 29931319 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification by SUMO is an essential process that has a major role in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. Such diverse biological functions are accompanied by functional diversification among the SUMO conjugation machinery components and regulatory mechanisms that has just started to be identified in plants. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of the SUMO conjugation system in plants in terms of components, substrate specificity, cognate interactions, enzyme activity, and subcellular localization. In addition, we analyze existing data on the role of SUMOylation in plant drought tolerance in model plants and crop species, paying attention to the genetic approaches used to stimulate or inhibit endogenous SUMO conjugation. The role in drought tolerance of potential SUMO targets identified in proteomic analyses is also discussed. Overall, the complexity of SUMOylation and the multiple genetic and environmental factors that are integrated to confer drought tolerance highlight the need for significant efforts to understand the interplay between SUMO and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Benlloch
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - L Maria Lois
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics-CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Mishra N, Srivastava AP, Esmaeili N, Hu W, Shen G. Overexpression of the rice gene OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis improves drought-, heat-, and salt-tolerance simultaneously. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201716. [PMID: 30092010 PMCID: PMC6084956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is one of the post translational modifications, which affects cellular processes in plants through conjugation of small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) to target substrate proteins. Response to various abiotic environmental stresses is one of the major cellular functions regulated by SUMO conjugation. SIZ1 is a SUMO E3 ligase, facilitating a vital step in the sumoylation pathway. In this report, it is demonstrated that over-expression of the rice gene OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis leads to increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. For example, OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt, drought, and heat stresses, and generated greater seed yields under a variety of stress conditions. Furthermore, OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants were able to exclude sodium ions more efficiently when grown in saline soils and accumulate higher potassium ions as compared to wild-type plants. Further analysis revealed that OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants expressed higher transcript levels of P5CS, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of proline, under both salt and drought stress conditions. Therefore, proline here is acting as an osmoprotectant to alleviate damages caused by drought and salt stresses. These results demonstrate that the rice gene OsSIZ1 has a great potential to be used for improving crop's tolerance to several abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College, Bangalore, India
| | - Anurag P. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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23
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Verma V, Croley F, Sadanandom A. Fifty shades of SUMO: its role in immunity and at the fulcrum of the growth-defence balance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1537-1544. [PMID: 29024335 PMCID: PMC6637990 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The sessile nature of plants requires them to cope with an ever-changing environment. Effective adaptive responses require sophisticated cellular mechanisms at the post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins is emerging as a key player in these adaptive responses. SUMO conjugation can rapidly change the overall fate of target proteins by altering their stability or interaction with partner proteins or DNA. SUMOylation entails an enzyme cascade that leads to the activation, conjugation and ligation of SUMO to lysine residues of target proteins. In addition to their SUMO processing activities, SUMO proteases also possess de-conjugative activity capable of cleaving SUMO from target proteins, providing reversibility and buffering to the pathway. These proteases play critical roles in the maintenance of the SUMO machinery in equilibrium. We hypothesize that SUMO proteases provide the all-important substrate specificity within the SUMO system. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the role of SUMO in plant innate immunity. SUMOylation also overlaps with multiple growth-promoting and defence-related hormone signalling pathways, and hence is pivotal for the maintenance of the growth-defence balance. This review aims to highlight the intricate molecular mechanisms utilized by SUMO to regulate plant defence and to stabilize the growth-defence equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurham DH1 3LEUK
| | - Fenella Croley
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurham DH1 3LEUK
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurham DH1 3LEUK
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24
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Srivastava AK, Zhang C, Caine RS, Gray J, Sadanandom A. Rice SUMO protease Overly Tolerant to Salt 1 targets the transcription factor, OsbZIP23 to promote drought tolerance in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:1031-1043. [PMID: 29024118 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) protein to cellular targets is emerging as a very influential protein modification system. Once covalently bound, SUMO conjugation can change the stability or functionality of its cognate target proteins. SUMO protease can rapidly reverse SUMO conjugation making this modification system highly dynamic. A major factor in the variation of SUMO-target function is the balance between the conjugated/de-conjugated forms. The mechanistic role of these regulatory SUMO proteases in mediating stress responses has not been defined in any crops. In this study, we reveal the role of the SUMO protease, OsOTS1 in mediating tolerance to drought in rice. OsOTS1 depleted transgenic plants accumulate more ABA and exhibit more productive agronomic traits during drought while OsOTS1 overexpressing lines are drought sensitive but ABA insensitive. Drought and ABA treatment stimulates the degradation of OsOTS1 protein indicating that SUMO conjugation is an important response to drought stress in rice achieved through down-regulation of OTS1/2 activity. We reveal that OsOTS1 SUMO protease directly targets the ABA and drought responsive transcription factor OsbZIP23 for de-SUMOylation affecting its stability. OsOTS-RNAi lines show increased abundance of OsbZIP23 and increased drought responsive gene expression while OsOTS1 overexpressing lines show reduced levels of OsbZIP23 leading to suppressed drought responsive gene expression. Our data reveal a mechanism in which rice plants govern ABA-dependant drought responsive gene expression by controlling the stability of OsbZIP23 by SUMO conjugation through manipulating specific SUMO protease levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Robert S Caine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Julie Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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25
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Kim JY, Song JT, Seo HS. Post-translational modifications of Arabidopsis E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1 are controlled by environmental conditions. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1622-1634. [PMID: 28979848 PMCID: PMC5623694 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation regulates numerous cellular functions in plants as well as in other eukaryotic systems. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling E3 small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO) ligase are not well understood. Here, post‐translational modification of the Arabidopsis E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1 was shown to be specifically controlled by abiotic stresses. AtSIZ1 ubiquitination was induced by exposure to heat stress in transgenic plants overexpressing the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1. In addition, AtSIZ1 ubiquitination was strongly enhanced in transgenic plants overexpressing SUMO isopeptidase ESD4 under heat stress. By contrast, drought stress induced sumoylation rather than ubiquitination of AtSIZ1 and sumoylated forms of AtSIZ1 accumulated in esd4 and cop1–4 mutants. Moreover, siz1 mutants were found to be tolerant to heat and drought stresses. Taken together, these results indicate that ubiquitination and sumoylation of AtSIZ1 in response to abiotic stresses depend on the activities of COP1 and ESD4 and that the activity and stability of AtSIZ1 can be specifically controlled by different abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yong Kim
- Department of Plant ScienceResearch Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversityKorea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied BiosciencesKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Plant ScienceResearch Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversityKorea.,Bio-MAX InstituteSeoul National UniversityKorea
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26
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Castro PH, Lilay GH, Muñoz-Mérida A, Schjoerring JK, Azevedo H, Assunção AGL. Phylogenetic analysis of F-bZIP transcription factors indicates conservation of the zinc deficiency response across land plants. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630437 PMCID: PMC5476651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors control important developmental and physiological processes in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the three gene F-bZIP subfamily has been associated with zinc deficiency and salt stress response. Benefiting from the present abundance of plant genomic data, we performed an evolutionary and structural characterization of plant F-bZIPs. We observed divergence during seed plant evolution, into two groups and inferred different selective pressures for each. Group 1 contains AtbZIP19 and AtbZIP23 and appears more conserved, whereas Group 2, containing AtbZIP24, is more prone to gene loss and expansion events. Transcriptomic and experimental data reinforced AtbZIP19/23 as pivotal regulators of the zinc deficiency response, mostly via the activation of genes from the ZIP metal transporter family, and revealed that they are the main regulatory switch of AtZIP4. A survey of AtZIP4 orthologs promoters across different plant taxa revealed an enrichment of the Zinc Deficiency Response Element (ZDRE) to which both AtbZIP19/23 bind. Overall, our results indicate that while the AtbZIP24 function in the regulation of the salt stress response may be the result of neo-functionalization, the AtbZIP19/23 function in the regulation of the zinc deficiency response may be conserved in land plants (Embryophytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grmay H Lilay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Mérida
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Herlânder Azevedo
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
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