1
|
Lee KA, Kim YN, Kantharaj V, Lee YB, Woo SY. Seedling growth and photosynthetic response of Pterocarpus indicus L. to shading stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2245625. [PMID: 37573547 PMCID: PMC10424625 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2245625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In tropical forests, the shade provided by tree canopies and extreme climate causes inhibition of plant seedling growth due to the lack of light. However, the plants can acclimate to such environmental stress by generating specific responses. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of shading conditions on ecophysiological performance of Narra seedlings (Pterocarpus indicus L.) via a mesocosm experiment. A pot experiment was conducted for 20 weeks in a greenhouse with different shading treatments, 75% (control), 25%, and 4% of full sunlight (FS). As a result, the photosynthetic rate (PN), Rubisco enzyme activity, maximum carboxylation rate (VCmax), and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) in 25% FS treatment were higher or similar to those in control after three weeks of the beginning of shade treatment, whereas the highest values after ten weeks were observed in control. In contrast, the photosynthetic pigments were highest in control after three weeks, while the values were highest in 25% FS treatment after ten weeks. The growth parameters, such as biomass and leaf area, were highest in 75% FS treatment. The expression of Rubisco, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were up-regulated in 4% FS treatment compared to control after ten weeks, contributing to tolerating the shade stress. Our findings indicated the capacity of P. indicus seedlings to tolerate and acclimate low light conditions causing shade stress by generating specific physiological and morphological responses, especially Rubisco enzyme activity as well as gene expression related to photosynthetic activity. The present study will improve our understanding of the tolerance mechanism of Narra plant under light-deficient conditions, thereby providing a better strategy for efficiently growing seedlings of this species in tropical rainforests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Ah Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Vimalraj Kantharaj
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Woo
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cifuentes L, Moreno F. Trait coordination at leaf level explains the resistance to excess light stress in shade-tolerant tropical tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1325-1336. [PMID: 35137212 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant functioning in response to the environment is an important issue for vegetation reassembly of degraded lands because of both low and excessive sunlight influence the performance of young plants. However, how shade-tolerant tree species deal with excess of light energy remains unclear due to the contrasting results among studies and the subjective classifications of species shade tolerance. From a quantitative classification of shade tolerance of 12 tropical tree species planted in the field under contrasting light conditions, we hypothesized that shade-tolerant species are capable of effective long-term acclimation to high-light conditions. Plant size and survival of species were measured at the beginning and 38 months after planting. We also measured functional traits associated with carbon economy and non-photochemical energy dissipation. Under high-light condition, more light-demanding species showed higher growth rates associated with higher values of functional traits that improve the CO2 assimilation capacity. By contrast, more shade-tolerant species showed higher survival that was associated with higher values of qN, leaf K contents and leaf thickness. The concomitant increase in these traits, as well as their greater plasticity to light in WUEi, Fv/Fm and qN, confers on these species strong photoprotection to avoid high-light stress and to persist under open field conditions. The results challenge the common assumption that only fast-growing and light-demanding tree species are suitable for vegetation reassembly in full sunlight conditions and to improve the environmental conditions for other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Flavio Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu C, Feng B, Zhou Y, Liu C, Gong X. Exogenous brassinosteroids increases tolerance to shading by altering stress responses in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:279-294. [PMID: 34846599 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant steroidal hormones, brassinosteroids, play a key role in various developmental processes of plants and the adaptation to various environmental stresses. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) application on the morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic enzymes activities, and endogenous hormone content of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) leaves under shading stress environment. Two mung bean cultivars, Xilv 1 and Yulv 1, were tested. The results showed that all of the investigated data were significantly affected by shading stress; however, foliar application of EBR increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration of mung bean leaves under shading condition. Increased photosynthetic capacity in EBR-treated leaves was accompanied by improvement in higher photosynthetic enzymes activities. EBR-treated leaves exhibited more quantum yield of PSII electron transport and efficiency of energy capture than the control, which was mainly due to clearer leaf anatomical structure such as palisade tissues and spongy tissues, further resulting in altered plant morphological characteristics. Moreover, the treatment with EBL regulated the endogenous hormone content, including the decreased gibberellins and increased brassinolide, although to different levels. Combined with the morphological and physiological responses, we concluded that exogenous EBR treatment is beneficial to enhancing plant tolerance to shading stress and mitigating injure from weak light. The modifications of the physiological metabolism through EBR application may be a potential strategy to weaken shading stress in the future sustainable agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Gong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Emelianova K, Martínez Martínez A, Campos-Dominguez L, Kidner C. Multi-tissue transcriptome analysis of two Begonia species reveals dynamic patterns of evolution in the chalcone synthase gene family. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17773. [PMID: 34493743 PMCID: PMC8423730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Begonia is an important horticultural plant group, as well as one of the most speciose Angiosperm genera, with over 2000 described species. Genus wide studies of genome size have shown that Begonia has a highly variable genome size, and analysis of paralog pairs has previously suggested that Begonia underwent a whole genome duplication. We address the contribution of gene duplication to the generation of diversity in Begonia using a multi-tissue RNA-seq approach. We chose to focus on chalcone synthase (CHS), a gene family having been shown to be involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses in other plant species, in particular its importance in maximising the use of variable light levels in tropical plants. We used RNA-seq to sample six tissues across two closely related but ecologically and morphologically divergent species, Begonia conchifolia and B. plebeja, yielding 17,012 and 19,969 annotated unigenes respectively. We identified the chalcone synthase gene family members in our Begonia study species, as well as in Hillebrandia sandwicensis, the monotypic sister genus to Begonia, Cucumis sativus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Zea mays. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the CHS gene family has high duplicate turnover, all members of CHS identified in Begonia arising recently, after the divergence of Begonia and Cucumis. Expression profiles were similar within orthologous pairs, but we saw high inter-ortholog expression variation. Sequence analysis showed relaxed selective constraints on some ortholog pairs, with substitutions at conserved sites. Evidence of pseudogenisation and species specific duplication indicate that lineage specific differences are already beginning to accumulate since the divergence of our study species. We conclude that there is evidence for a role of gene duplication in generating diversity through sequence and expression divergence in Begonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Emelianova
- grid.426106.70000 0004 0598 2103Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Martínez Martínez
- grid.426106.70000 0004 0598 2103Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JU UK
| | - Lucia Campos-Dominguez
- grid.426106.70000 0004 0598 2103Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JU UK
| | - Catherine Kidner
- grid.426106.70000 0004 0598 2103Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JU UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lopes-Oliveira PJ, Oliveira HC, Kolbert Z, Freschi L. The light and dark sides of nitric oxide: multifaceted roles of nitric oxide in plant responses to light. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:885-903. [PMID: 33245760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light drives photosynthesis and informs plants about their surroundings. Regarded as a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants, nitric oxide (NO) has been repeatedly demonstrated to interact with light signaling cascades to control plant growth, development and metabolism. During early plant development, light-triggered NO accumulation counteracts negative regulators of photomorphogenesis and modulates the abundance of, and sensitivity to, plant hormones to promote seed germination and de-etiolation. In photosynthetically active tissues, NO is generated at distinct rates under light or dark conditions and acts at multiple target sites within chloroplasts to regulate photosynthetic reactions. Moreover, changes in NO concentrations in response to light stress promote plant defenses against oxidative stress under high light or ultraviolet-B radiation. Here we review the literature on the interaction of NO with the complicated light and hormonal signaling cascades controlling plant photomorphogenesis and light stress responses, focusing on the recently identified molecular partners and action mechanisms of NO in these events. We also discuss the versatile role of NO in regulating both photosynthesis and light-dependent stomatal movements, two key determinants of plant carbon gain. The regulation of nitrate reductase (NR) by light is highlighted as vital to adjust NO production in plants living under natural light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Halley Caixeta Oliveira
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Freschi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kupers SJ, Wirth C, Engelbrecht BMJ, Hernández A, Condit R, Wright SJ, Rüger N. Performance of tropical forest seedlings under shade and drought: an interspecific trade-off in demographic responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18784. [PMID: 31827158 PMCID: PMC6906455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedlings in moist tropical forests must cope with deep shade and seasonal drought. However, the interspecific relationship between seedling performance in shade and drought remains unsettled. We quantified spatiotemporal variation in shade and drought in the seasonal moist tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, and estimated responses of naturally regenerating seedlings as the slope of the relationship between performance and shade or drought intensity. Our performance metrics were relative height growth and first-year survival. We investigated the relationship between shade and drought responses for up to 63 species. There was an interspecific trade-off in species responses to shade versus species responses to dry season intensity; species that performed worse in the shade did not suffer during severe dry seasons and vice versa. This trade-off emerged in part from the absence of species that performed particularly well or poorly in both drought and shade. If drought stress in tropical forests increases with climate change and as solar radiation is higher during droughts, the trade-off may reinforce a shift towards species that resist drought but perform poorly in the shade by releasing them from deep shade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Kupers
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina M J Engelbrecht
- Department of Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
- Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 60532-1293, USA
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sierra-de-Grado R, Pando V, Martínez-Zurimendi P, Moulia B. Is the Responsiveness to Light Related to the Differences in Stem Straightness among Populations of Pinus pinaster? PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100383. [PMID: 31569416 PMCID: PMC6843335 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem straightness is related to wood quality and yield. Although important genetic differences in stem straightness among the natural populations of Pinus pinaster are well established, the main drivers of these differences are not well known. Since the responses of trees to light are key ecological features that induce stem curvature, we hypothesized that populations with better straightness should exhibit lower photomorphogenetic and phototropic sensitivity. We compared three populations to identify the main processes driven by primary and secondary growth that explain their differences in response to light. One-year-old seedlings were grown under two treatments—direct sunlight and lateral light plus shade—for a period of 5 months. The length and the leaning of the stems were measured weekly. The asymmetry of radial growth and compression wood (CW) formation were analyzed in cross-sections. We found differences among the populations in photomorphogenetic and phototropic reactions. However, the population with straighter stems was not characterized by reduced sensitivity to light. Photo(gravi)tropic responses driven by primary growth and gravitropic responses driven by secondary growth explained the kinetics of the stem leaning and CW pattern. Asymmetric radial growth and CW formation did not contribute to the phototropic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Sierra-de-Grado
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid, Avda de Madrid 44, 3004 Palencia, Spain.
| | - Valentín Pando
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid, Avda de Madrid 44, 3004 Palencia, Spain.
| | - Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid, Avda de Madrid 44, 3004 Palencia, Spain.
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa 86280, Mexico.
| | - Bruno Moulia
- UCA, INRA, UMR PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poorter H, Niinemets Ü, Ntagkas N, Siebenkäs A, Mäenpää M, Matsubara S, Pons T. A meta-analysis of plant responses to light intensity for 70 traits ranging from molecules to whole plant performance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1073-1105. [PMID: 30802971 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
By means of meta-analyses we determined how 70 traits related to plant anatomy, morphology, chemistry, physiology, growth and reproduction are affected by daily light integral (DLI; mol photons m-2 d-1 ). A large database including 500 experiments with 760 plant species enabled us to determine generalized dose-response curves. Many traits increase with DLI in a saturating fashion. Some showed a more than 10-fold increase over the DLI range of 1-50 mol m-2 d-1 , such as the number of seeds produced per plant and the actual rate of photosynthesis. Strong decreases with DLI (up to three-fold) were observed for leaf area ratio and leaf payback time. Plasticity differences among species groups were generally small compared with the overall responses to DLI. However, for a number of traits, including photosynthetic capacity and realized growth, we found woody and shade-tolerant species to have lower plasticity. We further conclude that the direction and degree of trait changes adheres with responses to plant density and to vertical light gradients within plant canopies. This synthesis provides a strong quantitative basis for understanding plant acclimation to light, from molecular to whole plant responses, but also identifies the variables that currently form weak spots in our knowledge, such as respiration and reproductive characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
| | - Nikolaos Ntagkas
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alrun Siebenkäs
- Department for Nature Conservation and Landscape Planning, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Strenzfelder Allee 28, 06406, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Maarit Mäenpää
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - ThijsL Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3512 PN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Slot M, Krause GH, Krause B, Hernández GG, Winter K. Photosynthetic heat tolerance of shade and sun leaves of three tropical tree species. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:119-130. [PMID: 30054784 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of heat tolerance of tropical trees have focused on canopy leaves exposed to full sunlight and high temperatures. However, in lowland tropical forests with leaf area indices of 5-6, the vast majority of leaves experience varying degrees of shade and a reduced heat load compared to sun leaves. Here we tested whether heat tolerance is lower in shade than in sun leaves. For three tropical tree species, Calophyllum inophyllum, Inga spectabilis, and Ormosia macrocalyx, disks of fully developed shade and sun leaves were subjected to 15-min heat treatments, followed by measurement of chlorophyll a fluorescence after 48 h of recovery. In two of the three species, the temperature causing a 50% decrease of the fluorescence ratio Fv/Fm (T50) was significantly lower (by ~ 1.0 °C) in shade than in sun leaves, indicating a moderately decreased heat tolerance of shade leaves. In shade leaves of these two species, the rise in initial fluorescence, F0, also occurred at lower temperatures. In the third species, there was no shade-sun difference in T50. In situ measurements of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation showed that the optimum temperature for photosynthesis tended to be lower in shade leaves, although differences were not significant. At supra-optimal temperatures, photosynthesis was largely constrained by stomatal conductance, and the high-temperature CO2 compensation point, TMax, occurred at considerably lower temperatures than T50. Our study demonstrates that the temperature response of shade leaves of tropical trees differs only marginally from that of sun leaves, both in terms of heat tolerance and photosynthetic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama.
| | - G Heinrich Krause
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Krause
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| | - Georgia G Hernández
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Münzbergová Z, Haisel D. Effects of polyploidization on the contents of photosynthetic pigments are largely population-specific. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:289-299. [PMID: 30413987 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contents of photosynthetic pigments are an important indicator of many processes taking place in the plant body. Still, however, our knowledge of the effects of polyploidization, a major driver of speciation in vascular plants, on the contents of photosynthetic pigments is very sparse. We compared the contents of photosynthetic pigments among natural diploids, natural tetraploids, and synthetic tetraploids. The material originated from four natural mixed-cytotype populations of diploid and autotetraploid Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) occurring in the contact zone between the cytotypes in Central Europe and was cultivated under uniform conditions. We explored whether the contents of pigments are primarily driven by polyploidization or by subsequent evolution of the polyploid lineage and whether the patterns differ between populations. We also explored the relationship between pigment contents and plant performance. We found very few significant effects of the cytotype on the individual pigments but many significant interactions between the cytotype and the population. In pair-wise comparisons, many comparisons were not significant. The prevailing pattern among the significant once was that the contents of pigments were determined by polyploidization rather than by subsequent evolution of the polyploid lineage. The contents of the pigments turned out to be a useful predictor of plant performance not only at the time of material collection, but also at the end of the growing season. Further studies exploring differences in the contents of photosynthetic pigments in different cytotypes using replicated populations and assessing their relationship to plant performance are needed to assess the generality of our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Haisel
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Benkov MA, Yatsenko AM, Tikhonov AN. Light acclimation of shade-tolerant and sun-resistant Tradescantia species: photochemical activity of PSII and its sensitivity to heat treatment. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:203-214. [PMID: 29926255 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have compared photosynthetic characteristics of photosystem II (PSII) in Tradescantia leaves of two contrasting ecotypes grown under the low light (LL) and high light (HL) regimes during their entire growth period. Plants of the same genus, T. fluminensis (shade-tolerant) and T. sillamontana (sun-resistant), were cultivated at 50-125 µmol photons m-2 s-1 (LL) or at 875-1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1 (HL). Analyses of intrinsic PSII efficiency was based on measurements of fast chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence kinetics (the OJIP test). The fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm (variable fluorescence) and F0 (the initial level of fluorescence) in dark-adapted leaves were used to quantify the photochemical properties of PSII. Plants of different ecotypes showed different sustainability with respect to changes in the environmental light intensity and temperature treatment. The sun-resistant species T. sillamontana revealed the tolerance to variations in irradiation intensity, demonstrating constancy of maximum quantum efficiency of PSII upon variations of the growth light. In contrast to T. sillamontana, facultative shade species T. fluminensis demonstrated variability of PSII photochemical activity, depending on the growth light intensity. The susceptibility of T. fluminensis to solar stress was documented by a decrease in Fv/Fm and a rise of F0 during the long-term exposition of T. fluminensis to HL, indicating the loss of photochemical activity of PSII. The short-term (10 min) heat treatment of leaf cuttings caused inactivation of PSII. The temperature-dependent heating effects were different in T. fluminensis and T. sillamontana. Sun-resistant plants T. sillamontana acclimated to LL and HL displayed the same plots of Fv/Fm versus the treatment temperature (t), demonstrating a decrease in Fv/Fm at t ≥ 45 °C. The leaves of shadow-tolerant species T. fluminensis grown under the LL and HL conditions revealed different sensitivities to heat treatment. Plants grown under the solar stress conditions (HL) demonstrated a gradual decline of Fv/Fm at lower heating temperatures (t ≥ 25 °C), indicating the "fragility" of their PSII as compared to T. fluminensis grown at LL. Different responses of sun and shadow species of Tradescantia to growth light and heat treatment are discussed in the context of their biochemical and ecophysiological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Benkov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton M Yatsenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bascuñán-Godoy L, Sanhueza C, Pinto K, Cifuentes L, Reguera M, Briones V, Zurita-Silva A, Álvarez R, Morales A, Silva H. Nitrogen physiology of contrasting genotypes of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae). Sci Rep 2018; 8:17524. [PMID: 30504781 PMCID: PMC6269519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa has been highlighted as a promising crop to sustain food security. The selection of physiological traits that allow identification genotypes with high Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a key factor to increase Quinoa cultivation. In order to unveil the underpinning mechanisms for N-stress tolerance in Quinoa, three genotypes with similar phenology, but different NUE were developed under high (HN) or low (LN) nitrogen conditions. N metabolism processes and photosynthetic performance were studied after anthesis and in correlation with productivity to identify principal traits related to NUE. We found that protein content, net photosynthesis and leaf dry-mass were determinant attributes for yield at both HN and LN conditions. Contrastingly, the enhancement of N related metabolites (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\rm{NH}}}_{4}^{+}$$\end{document}NH4+, proline, betacyanins) and processes related with re-assimilation of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\rm{NH}}}_{4}^{+}$$\end{document}NH4+, including an increment of glutamine synthetase activity and up-regulation of CqAMT1,1 transporter expression in leaves, were negatively correlated with grain yield at both N conditions. Biochemical aspects of photosynthesis and root biomass were traits exclusively associated with grain yield at LN. The impact of N supply on seed quality is discussed. These results provide new insights towards the understanding the N metabolism of Quinoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla, 160-C, Concepción, Chile. .,Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile. .,Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile.
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla, 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katherine Pinto
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Leonardo Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - María Reguera
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vilbett Briones
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Andrés Zurita-Silva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Investigación Intihuasi, La Serena, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Sede La Serena, Universidad Santo Tomas, La Serena, Chile
| | - Andrea Morales
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Sede La Serena, Universidad Santo Tomas, La Serena, Chile
| | - Herman Silva
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Bioinformática, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang W, Zhang SB, Liu T. Moderate Photoinhibition of Photosystem II Significantly Affects Linear Electron Flow in the Shade-Demanding Plant Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:637. [PMID: 29868090 PMCID: PMC5962726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) frequently occurs under natural growing conditions, knowledge about the effect of moderate photoinhibition on linear electron flow (LEF) remains controversial. Furthermore, mechanisms underlying the decrease in LEF upon PSII photoinhibition are not well clarified. We examined how selective PSII photoinhibition influenced LEF in the attached leaves of shade-demanding plant Panax notoginseng. After leaves were exposed to a high level of light (2258 μmol photons m-2 s-1) for 30 and 60 min, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) decreased by 17 and 23%, respectively, whereas the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 (Pm) remained stable. Therefore, this species displayed selective PSII photodamage under strong illumination. After these treatments, LEF was significantly decreased under all light levels but acidification of the thylakoid lumen changed only slightly. Furthermore, the decrease in LEF under low light was positively correlated with the extent of PSII photoinhibition. Thus, the decline in LEF was not caused by the enhancement of lumenal acidification, but was induced by a decrease in PSII activity. These results indicate that residual PSII activity is an important determinant of LEF in this shade-adapted species, and they provide new insight into how strong illumination affects the growth of shade-demanding plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uriarte M, Muscarella R, Zimmerman JK. Environmental heterogeneity and biotic interactions mediate climate impacts on tropical forest regeneration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e692-e704. [PMID: 29194879 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the fate of tropical forests under a changing climate requires understanding species responses to climatic variability and extremes. Seedlings may be particularly vulnerable to climatic stress given low stored resources and undeveloped roots; they also portend the potential effects of climate change on future forest composition. Here we use data for ca. 50,000 tropical seedlings representing 25 woody species to assess (i) the effects of interannual variation in rainfall and solar radiation between 2007 and 2016 on seedling survival over 9 years in a subtropical forest; and (ii) how spatial heterogeneity in three environmental factors-soil moisture, understory light, and conspecific neighborhood density-modulate these responses. Community-wide seedling survival was not sensitive to interannual rainfall variability but interspecific variation in these responses was large, overwhelming the average community response. In contrast, community-wide responses to solar radiation were predominantly positive. Spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture and conspecific density were the predominant and most consistent drivers of seedling survival, with the majority of species exhibiting greater survival at low conspecific densities and positive or nonlinear responses to soil moisture. This environmental heterogeneity modulated impacts of rainfall and solar radiation. Negative conspecific effects were amplified during rainy years and at dry sites, whereas the positive effects of radiation on survival were more pronounced for seedlings existing at high understory light levels. These results demonstrate that environmental heterogeneity is not only the main driver of seedling survival in this forest but also plays a central role in buffering or exacerbating impacts of climate fluctuations on forest regeneration. Since seedlings represent a key bottleneck in the demographic cycle of trees, efforts to predict the long-term effects of a changing climate on tropical forests must take into account this environmental heterogeneity and how its effects on regeneration dynamics play out in long-term stand dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bisocience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beyschlag J, Zotz G. Heteroblasty in epiphytic bromeliads: functional implications for species in understorey and exposed growing sites. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:681-692. [PMID: 28510657 PMCID: PMC5691803 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims The functional relevance of heteroblasty, an abrupt morphological change in the ontogeny of a considerable number of angiosperm species, is still largely unresolved. During the ontogeny of many epiphytic Tillandsioids (Bromeliaceae), such a change occurs when small individuals transform into larger, tank-forming individuals that are capable of external water storage. Apart from its fundamental effect on plant water relations, the associated transition from narrow to broader leaves also affects plant architecture. The morphological changes and their effect on light interception may be especially relevant for heteroblastic species in the moist understorey, which are expected to be limited primarily by light. Methods A functional structural plant model (Yplant) was used to construct digital replicas of atmospheric and tank-forming individuals of four species, two of them naturally growing in exposed conditions and two occurring in understorey sites. This allowed the determination of leaf display efficiencies as well as a systematic analysis of leaf architectural traits and their effect on light interception. Key Results Modifying existing plant morphologies showed that broader leaves cause more self-shading within the plant. This supports the hypothesis that species from the light-limited understorey benefit from the early atmospheric life form through increased light capture. Modelling plant morphology that continuously followed the ontogenetic trajectories of the leaf architectural traits revealed that the rising total leaf number in atmospheric individuals constantly increased self-shading. Therefore, at a certain ontogenetic stage, a tipping point was reached when the tank form was even favourable in terms of light capture as it was associated with fewer leaves. Conclusions The effects of changes in leaf morphology and leaf architecture on plant light capture may explain the common occurrence of heteroblastic species in the understorey of Neotropical forests, which does not negate a simultaneous positive effect of heteroblasty on plant water relations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Beyschlag
- Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Functional Ecology, Box 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Functional Ecology, Box 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 08343-03092, Panama, Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tian Y, Sacharz J, Ware MA, Zhang H, Ruban AV. Effects of periodic photoinhibitory light exposure on physiology and productivity of Arabidopsis plants grown under low light. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4249-4262. [PMID: 28922753 PMCID: PMC5853873 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This work examined the long-term effects of periodic high light stress on photosynthesis, morphology, and productivity of low-light-acclimated Arabidopsis plants. Significant photoinhibition of Arabidopsis seedlings grown under low light (100 μmol photons m-2 s-1) was observed at the beginning of the high light treatment (three times a day for 30 min at 1800 μmol photons m-2 s-1). However, after 2 weeks of treatment, similar photosynthesis yields (Fv/Fm) to those of control plants were attained. The daily levels of photochemical quenching measured in the dark (qPd) indicated that the plants recovered from photoinhibition within several hours once transferred back to low light conditions, with complete recovery being achieved overnight. Acclimation to high light stress resulted in the modification of the number, structure, and position of chloroplasts, and an increase in the average chlorophyll a/b ratio. During ontogenesis, high-light-exposed plants had lower total leaf areas but higher above-ground biomass. This was attributed to the consumption of starch for stem and seed production. Moreover, periodic high light exposure brought forward the reproductive phase and resulted in higher seed yields compared with control plants grown under low light. The responses to periodic high light exposure of mature Arabidopsis plants were similar to those of seedlings but had higher light tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Tian
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Joanna Sacharz
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Maxwell A Ware
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Contin DR, Munné-Bosch S. Interspecific variation in vitamin E levels and the extent of lipid peroxidation in pioneer and non-pioneer species used in tropical forest restoration. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1151-1161. [PMID: 27052435 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reforestation projects have gained interest over recent years due to the loss of biodiversity in tropical regions as a result of large deforestation by anthropogenic actions. However, better knowledge on the tolerance of plant species to environmental stresses is needed for reforestation success. Here, we evaluated the photoprotective and antioxidant capacity, in terms of vitamin E accumulation, of five pioneer (Platypodium elegans Vogel, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil, Cecropia pachystachya Trécul. and Aegiphila sellowiana Cham.) and five non-pioneer (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Cedrela fissilis Vell., Genipa americana L., Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. and Hymenaea courbaril L.) species, in relation to the extent of lipid peroxidation in leaves. Furthermore, we examined differences between sun and shade leaves on vitamin E accumulation and the extent of lipid peroxidation. Pioneer plants showed on average 33% higher malondialdehyde levels, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, than non-pioneer species, but no significant differences in vitamin E contents. In contrast, a marked interspecific variation was observed in the levels of α-tocopherol and its precursor, γ-tocopherol. Natural variation revealed interesting relationships between vitamin E levels and the extent of lipid peroxidation in leaves. The pioneer species, P. elegans, did not accumulate α-tocopherol and displayed the highest levels of malondialdehyde. Sun and shade leaves accumulated vitamin E levels to a similar extent, except for the pioneer L. pacari and the non-pioneer C. langsdorffii, the former accumulating more α-tocopherol in sun leaves and the latter in shade leaves. We conclude that interspecific variation is higher than both leaf type and successional-group variation in terms of vitamin E accumulation and the extent of lipid peroxidation, and that vitamin E levels, particularly those of α-tocopherol, negatively correlate with the extent of lipid peroxidation, thus supporting a photoprotective and antioxidant function for vitamin E in plants growing in tropical environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele R Contin
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Walker AP, Beckerman AP, Gu L, Kattge J, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Scales JC, Wohlfahrt G, Wullschleger SD, Woodward FI. The relationship of leaf photosynthetic traits - V cmax and J max - to leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus, and specific leaf area: a meta-analysis and modeling study. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:3218-35. [PMID: 25473475 PMCID: PMC4222209 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Great uncertainty exists in the global exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. An important source of this uncertainty lies in the dependency of photosynthesis on the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax). Understanding and making accurate prediction of C fluxes thus requires accurate characterization of these rates and their relationship with plant nutrient status over large geographic scales. Plant nutrient status is indicated by the traits: leaf nitrogen (N), leaf phosphorus (P), and specific leaf area (SLA). Correlations between Vcmax and Jmax and leaf nitrogen (N) are typically derived from local to global scales, while correlations with leaf phosphorus (P) and specific leaf area (SLA) have typically been derived at a local scale. Thus, there is no global-scale relationship between Vcmax and Jmax and P or SLA limiting the ability of global-scale carbon flux models do not account for P or SLA. We gathered published data from 24 studies to reveal global relationships of Vcmax and Jmax with leaf N, P, and SLA. Vcmax was strongly related to leaf N, and increasing leaf P substantially increased the sensitivity of Vcmax to leaf N. Jmax was strongly related to Vcmax, and neither leaf N, P, or SLA had a substantial impact on the relationship. Although more data are needed to expand the applicability of the relationship, we show leaf P is a globally important determinant of photosynthetic rates. In a model of photosynthesis, we showed that at high leaf N (3 gm−2), increasing leaf P from 0.05 to 0.22 gm−2 nearly doubled assimilation rates. Finally, we show that plants may employ a conservative strategy of Jmax to Vcmax coordination that restricts photoinhibition when carboxylation is limiting at the expense of maximizing photosynthetic rates when light is limiting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Walker
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK ; Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6301
| | - Andrew P Beckerman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6301
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Plank Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena, Germany
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Department of Marine and Tropical Biology Cairns, James Cook University Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Depto. de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - CEP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Joanna C Scales
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6301
| | - F Ian Woodward
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gatti MG, Campanello PI, Villagra M, Montti L, Goldstein G. Hydraulic architecture and photoinhibition influence spatial distribution of the arborescent palm Euterpe edulis in subtropical forests. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:630-639. [PMID: 24898220 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiological characteristics of saplings can be considered one of the most basic constraints on species distribution. The shade-tolerant arborescent palm Euterpe edulis Mart. is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. At a local scale, saplings of this species growing in native forests are absent in gaps. We tested the hypothesis whether sensitivity to photoinhibition or hydraulic architecture constrains the distribution of E. edulis saplings in sun-exposed forest environments. Using shade houses and field studies, we evaluated growth, survival, hydraulic traits and the susceptibility of Photosystem II to photoinhibition in E. edulis saplings under different growth irradiances. Survival rates in exposed sites in the field were very low (a median of 7%). All saplings exhibited photoinhibition when exposed to high radiation levels, but acclimation to a high radiation environment increased the rate of recovery. Petiole hydraulic conductivity was similar across treatments regardless of whether it was expressed per petiole cross-sectional area or per leaf area. At the plant level, investment in conductive tissues relative to leaf area (Huber values) increased with increasing irradiance. Under high irradiance conditions, plants experienced leaf water potentials close to the turgor-loss point, and leaf hydraulic conductance decreased by 79% relative to its maximum value. Euterpe edulis saplings were able to adjust their photosynthetic traits to different irradiance conditions, whereas hydraulic characteristics at the leaf level did not change across irradiance treatments. Our results indicate that uncoupling between water demand and supply to leaves apparently associated with high resistances to water flow at leaf insertion points, in addition to small stems with low water storage capacity, weak stomatal control and high vulnerability of leaves to hydraulic dysfunction, are the main ecophysiological constraints that prevent the growth and survival of E. edulis saplings in gaps in the native forest where native lianas and bamboos show aggressive growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Genoveva Gatti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Bertoni 85, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Paula I Campanello
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Bertoni 85, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mariana Villagra
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Bertoni 85, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Lía Montti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CC 34, 4107 Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Goldstein
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Biology, University of Miami, PO Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Houter NC, Pons TL. Gap effects on leaf traits of tropical rainforest trees differing in juvenile light requirement. Oecologia 2014; 175:37-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-2887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|