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Grebe S, Porcar-Castell A, Riikonen A, Paakkarinen V, Aro EM. Accounting for photosystem I photoinhibition sheds new light on seasonal acclimation strategies of boreal conifers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3973-3992. [PMID: 38572950 PMCID: PMC11233416 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The photosynthetic acclimation of boreal evergreen conifers is controlled by regulatory and photoprotective mechanisms that allow conifers to cope with extreme environmental changes. However, the underlying dynamics of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) remain unresolved. Here, we investigated the dynamics of PSII and PSI during the spring recovery of photosynthesis in Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies using a combination of chlorophyll a fluorescence, P700 difference absorbance measurements, and quantification of key thylakoid protein abundances. In particular, we derived a new set of PSI quantum yield equations, correcting for the effects of PSI photoinhibition. Using the corrected equations, we found that the seasonal dynamics of PSII and PSI photochemical yields remained largely in balance, despite substantial seasonal changes in the stoichiometry of PSII and PSI core complexes driven by PSI photoinhibition. Similarly, the previously reported seasonal up-regulation of cyclic electron flow was no longer evident, after accounting for PSI photoinhibition. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of considering the dynamics of PSII and PSI to elucidate the seasonal acclimation of photosynthesis in overwintering evergreens. Beyond the scope of conifers, our corrected PSI quantum yields expand the toolkit for future studies aimed at elucidating the dynamic regulation of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Grebe
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Porcar-Castell
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Riikonen
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Viikki Plant Science Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Paakkarinen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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2
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Mosebach L, Ozawa SI, Younas M, Xue H, Scholz M, Takahashi Y, Hippler M. Chemical Protein Crosslinking-Coupled Mass Spectrometry Reveals Interaction of LHCI with LHCII and LHCSR3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1632. [PMID: 38931064 PMCID: PMC11207971 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The photosystem I (PSI) of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii associates with 10 light-harvesting proteins (LHCIs) to form the PSI-LHCI complex. In the context of state transitions, two LHCII trimers bind to the PSAL, PSAH and PSAO side of PSI to produce the PSI-LHCI-LHCII complex. In this work, we took advantage of chemical crosslinking of proteins in conjunction with mass spectrometry to identify protein-protein interactions between the light-harvesting proteins of PSI and PSII. We detected crosslinks suggesting the binding of LHCBM proteins to the LHCA1-PSAG side of PSI as well as protein-protein interactions of LHCSR3 with LHCA5 and LHCA3. Our data indicate that the binding of LHCII to PSI is more versatile than anticipated and imply that LHCSR3 might be involved in the regulation of excitation energy transfer to the PSI core via LHCA5/LHCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan;
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan;
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3
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Sulli M, Dall'Osto L, Ferrante P, Guardini Z, Gomez RL, Mini P, Demurtas OC, Aprea G, Nicolia A, Bassi R, Giuliano G. Generation and physiological characterization of genome-edited Nicotiana benthamiana plants containing zeaxanthin as the only leaf xanthophyll. PLANTA 2023; 258:93. [PMID: 37796356 PMCID: PMC10556183 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Simultaneous genome editing of the two homeologous LCYe and ZEP genes of Nicotiana benthamiana results in plants in which all xanthophylls are replaced by zeaxanthin. Plant carotenoids act both as photoreceptors and photoprotectants in photosynthesis and as precursors of apocarotenoids, which include signaling molecules such as abscisic acid (ABA). As dietary components, the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin have photoprotective functions in the human macula. We developed transient and stable combinatorial genome editing methods, followed by direct LC-MS screening for zeaxanthin accumulation, for the simultaneous genome editing of the two homeologous Lycopene Epsilon Cyclase (LCYe) and the two Zeaxanthin Epoxidase (ZEP) genes present in the allopolyploid Nicotiana benthamiana genome. Editing of the four genes resulted in plants in which all leaf xanthophylls were substituted by zeaxanthin, but with different ABA levels and growth habits, depending on the severity of the ZEP1 mutation. In high-zeaxanthin lines, the abundance of the major photosystem II antenna LHCII was reduced with respect to wild-type plants and the LHCII trimeric state became unstable upon thylakoid solubilization. Consistent with the depletion in LHCII, edited plants underwent a compensatory increase in PSII/PSI ratios and a loss of the large-size PSII supercomplexes, while the level of PSI-LHCI supercomplex was unaffected. Reduced activity of the photoprotective mechanism NPQ was shown in high-zeaxanthin plants, while PSII photoinhibition was similar for all genotypes upon exposure to excess light, consistent with the antioxidant and photoprotective role of zeaxanthin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sulli
- Casaccia Research Centre, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrante
- Casaccia Research Centre, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Zeno Guardini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Lionel Gomez
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Campo Experimental Villarino CC No 14, Zavalla - Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola Mini
- Casaccia Research Centre, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Casaccia Research Centre, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- Casaccia Research Centre, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nicolia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA), Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098, Pontecagnano, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Casaccia Research Centre, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Espinoza‐Corral R, Schwenkert S, Schneider A. Characterization of the preferred cation cofactors of chloroplast protein kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:511-518. [PMID: 36683405 PMCID: PMC9989932 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts sense a variety of stimuli triggering several acclimation responses. One prominent response is the mechanism of state transitions, which enables rapid adaption to changes in illumination. Here, we investigated the link between divalent cations (calcium, magnesium, and manganese) and protein kinase activity in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Our results show that manganese ions are the strongest activator of kinase activity in chloroplasts followed by magnesium ions, whereas calcium ions are not able to induce kinase activity. Additionally, the phosphorylation of specific protein bands is strongly reduced in chloroplasts of a cmt1 mutant, which is impaired in manganese import into chloroplasts, as compared to the wild-type. These findings provide insights for the future characterization of chloroplast protein kinase activity and potential target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilians University MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilians University MunichPlaneggGermany
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5
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Verhoeven D, van Amerongen H, Wientjes E. Single chloroplast in folio imaging sheds light on photosystem energy redistribution during state transitions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1186-1198. [PMID: 36478277 PMCID: PMC9922397 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is driven by light absorption in photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). A balanced excitation pressure between PSI and PSII is required for optimal photosynthetic efficiency. State transitions serve to keep this balance. If PSII is overexcited in plants and green algae, a mobile pool of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) associates with PSI, increasing its absorption cross-section and restoring the excitation balance. This is called state 2. Upon PSI overexcitation, this LHCII pool moves to PSII, leading to state 1. Whether the association/dissociation of LHCII with the photosystems occurs between thylakoid grana and thylakoid stroma lamellae during state transitions or within the same thylakoid region remains unclear. Furthermore, although state transitions are thought to be accompanied by changes in thylakoid macro-organization, this has never been observed directly in functional leaves. In this work, we used confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging to quantify state transitions in single Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplasts in folio with sub-micrometer spatial resolution. The change in excitation-energy distribution between PSI and PSII was investigated at a range of excitation wavelengths between 475 and 665 nm. For all excitation wavelengths, the PSI/(PSI + PSII) excitation ratio was higher in state 2 than in state 1. We next imaged the local PSI/(PSI + PSII) excitation ratio for single chloroplasts in both states. The data indicated that LHCII indeed migrates between the grana and stroma lamellae during state transitions. Finally, fluorescence intensity images revealed that thylakoid macro-organization is largely unaffected by state transitions. This single chloroplast in folio imaging method will help in understanding how plants adjust their photosynthetic machinery to ever-changing light conditions.
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6
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Yu X, Zhao X, Yang Y, Li Z. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals SOS2-Related Proteins in Arabidopsis Under
Salt Stress. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210413105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Soil salinity is a major issue that seriously affects plant growth and cultivated
land utilization. Salt tolerance is one of the most fundamental biological processes that ensures
plant’s survival. SOS2 is one of the most important components of the Salt Overly Sensitive
(SOS) signaling pathway, which maintains plant ion homeostasis under salt stress. The SOS2-related
signaling pathways remain incompletely exploited especially at the proteomics level.
Objective:
In this paper, proteins potentially interacting with and regulated by SOS2 in Arabidopsis
were identified.
Methods:
The proteomes of Arabidopsis Wild Type (WT) and SOS2-deficient mutant (sos2-2) exposed
to 100 mM NaCl for 6 h were compared, proteins were identified using data-independent acquisition-
based quantitative proteomics strategy.
Results:
A total of 7470 proteins were identified and quantified, 372 Differentially Expressed Proteins
(DEP) were detected between WT and sos2-2 mutant under normal condition and 179 DEPs
were identified under salt treatment. Functional analysis showed that the DEPs were mainly involved
in protein binding and catalytic activity. Among the DEPs under salt stress, the protein expressions
of AVP1, Photosystem II reaction center protein A, B, C, and stress-responsive protein
(KIN2) were significantly up-regulated. LHCA1, LHCA2, LHCA4, ATPD and ATPE were significantly
down-regulated. These proteins were involved in biological processes including: stress response,
photosynthesis, transport and heat shock.
Conclusion:
These results revealed complexity of the functions of SOS2 in maintaining intracellular
homeostasis, in addition to its function in sodium homeostasis. Plant salt resistance is not independent
but closely related to metabolic processes including photosystem, ATP synthase, transport
and other stress resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Schiphorst C, Achterberg L, Gómez R, Koehorst R, Bassi R, van Amerongen H, Dall’Osto L, Wientjes E. The role of light-harvesting complex I in excitation energy transfer from LHCII to photosystem I in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2241-2252. [PMID: 34893885 PMCID: PMC8968287 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis powers nearly all life on Earth. Light absorbed by photosystems drives the conversion of water and carbon dioxide into sugars. In plants, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) work in series to drive the electron transport from water to NADP+. As both photosystems largely work in series, a balanced excitation pressure is required for optimal photosynthetic performance. Both photosystems are composed of a core and light-harvesting complexes (LHCI) for PSI and LHCII for PSII. When the light conditions favor the excitation of one photosystem over the other, a mobile pool of trimeric LHCII moves between both photosystems thus tuning their antenna cross-section in a process called state transitions. When PSII is overexcited multiple LHCIIs can associate with PSI. A trimeric LHCII binds to PSI at the PsaH/L/O site to form a well-characterized PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. The binding site(s) of the "additional" LHCII is still unclear, although a mediating role for LHCI has been proposed. In this work, we measured the PSI antenna size and trapping kinetics of photosynthetic membranes from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. Membranes from wild-type (WT) plants were compared to those of the ΔLhca mutant that completely lacks the LHCI antenna. The results showed that "additional" LHCII complexes can transfer energy directly to the PSI core in the absence of LHCI. However, the transfer is about two times faster and therefore more efficient, when LHCI is present. This suggests LHCI mediates excitation energy transfer from loosely bound LHCII to PSI in WT plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo Schiphorst
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Achterberg
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Gómez
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Rob Koehorst
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Dall’Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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8
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Wang P. Rewiring state transitions mediated by light-harvesting complex I. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1936-1938. [PMID: 35355050 PMCID: PMC8968336 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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9
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Su X, Cao D, Pan X, Shi L, Liu Z, Dall'Osto L, Bassi R, Zhang X, Li M. Supramolecular assembly of chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex with photosystem I from Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:454-467. [PMID: 35123031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron transport/flow (CET/CEF) in chloroplasts is a regulatory process essential for the optimization of plant photosynthetic efficiency. A crucial CEF pathway is catalyzed by a membrane-embedded NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex that contains at least 29 protein subunits and associates with photosystem I (PSI) to form the NDH-PSI supercomplex. Here, we report the 3.9 Å resolution structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana NDH-PSI (AtNDH-PSI) supercomplex. We constructed structural models for 26 AtNDH subunits, among which 11 are unique to chloroplasts and stabilize the core part of the NDH complex. In the supercomplex, one NDH can bind up to two PSI-light-harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) complexes at both sides of its membrane arm. Two minor LHCIs, Lhca5 and Lhca6, each present in one PSI-LHCI, interact with NDH and contribute to supercomplex formation and stabilization. Collectively, our study reveals the structural details of the AtNDH-PSI supercomplex assembly and provides a molecular basis for further investigation of the regulatory mechanism of CEF in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Su
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Duanfang Cao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.
| | - Lifang Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China; Center for Biological Imaging, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.
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10
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Messant M, Krieger-Liszkay A, Shimakawa G. Dynamic Changes in Protein-Membrane Association for Regulating Photosynthetic Electron Transport. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051216. [PMID: 34065690 PMCID: PMC8155901 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis has to work efficiently in contrasting environments such as in shade and full sun. Rapid changes in light intensity and over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain cause production of reactive oxygen species, which can potentially damage the photosynthetic apparatus. Thus, to avoid such damage, photosynthetic electron transport is regulated on many levels, including light absorption in antenna, electron transfer reactions in the reaction centers, and consumption of ATP and NADPH in different metabolic pathways. Many regulatory mechanisms involve the movement of protein-pigment complexes within the thylakoid membrane. Furthermore, a certain number of chloroplast proteins exist in different oligomerization states, which temporally associate to the thylakoid membrane and modulate their activity. This review starts by giving a short overview of the lipid composition of the chloroplast membranes, followed by describing supercomplex formation in cyclic electron flow. Protein movements involved in the various mechanisms of non-photochemical quenching, including thermal dissipation, state transitions and the photosystem II damage–repair cycle are detailed. We highlight the importance of changes in the oligomerization state of VIPP and of the plastid terminal oxidase PTOX and discuss the factors that may be responsible for these changes. Photosynthesis-related protein movements and organization states of certain proteins all play a role in acclimation of the photosynthetic organism to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Messant
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan;
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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11
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Crepin A, Kučerová Z, Kosta A, Durand E, Caffarri S. Isolation and characterization of a large photosystem I-light-harvesting complex II supercomplex with an additional Lhca1-a4 dimer in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:398-409. [PMID: 31811681 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological conversion of light energy into chemical energy is performed by a flexible photosynthetic machinery located in the thylakoid membranes. Photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) are the two complexes able to harvest light. PSI is the last complex of the electron transport chain and is composed of multiple subunits: the proteins building the catalytic core complex that are well conserved between oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, and, in green organisms, the membrane light-harvesting complexes (Lhc) necessary to increase light absorption. In plants, four Lhca proteins (Lhca1-4) make up the antenna system of PSI, which can be further extended to optimize photosynthesis by reversible binding of LHCII, the main antenna complex of photosystem II. Here, we used biochemistry and electron microscopy in Arabidopsis to reveal a previously unknown supercomplex of PSI with LHCII that contains an additional Lhca1-a4 dimer bound on the PsaB-PsaI-PsaH side of the complex. This finding contradicts recent structural studies suggesting that the presence of an Lhca dimer at this position is an exclusive feature of algal PSI. We discuss the features of the additional Lhca dimer in the large plant PSI-LHCII supercomplex and the differences with the algal PSI. Our work provides further insights into the intricate structural plasticity of photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Crepin
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Equipe de Luminy de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009, Marseille, France
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kučerová
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Equipe de Luminy de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Artemis Kosta
- Microscopy Core Facility, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée (IMM), FR3479, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Durand
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée (IMM), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), UMR 7255, 13402, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Equipe de Luminy de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009, Marseille, France
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12
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Bos P, Oosterwijk A, Koehorst R, Bader A, Philippi J, van Amerongen H, Wientjes E. Digitonin-sensitive LHCII enlarges the antenna of Photosystem I in stroma lamellae of Arabidopsis thaliana after far-red and blue-light treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:651-658. [PMID: 31299182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Light drives photosynthesis. In plants it is absorbed by light-harvesting antenna complexes associated with Photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). As PSI and PSII work in series, it is important that the excitation pressure on the two photosystems is balanced. When plants are exposed to illumination that overexcites PSII, a special pool of the major light-harvesting complex LHCII is phosphorylated and moves from PSII to PSI (state 2). If instead PSI is over-excited the LHCII complex is dephosphorylated and moves back to PSII (state 1). Recent findings have suggested that LHCII might also transfer energy to PSI in state 1. In this work we used a combination of biochemistry and (time-resolved) fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the PSI antenna size in state 1 and state 2 for Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data shows that 0.7 ± 0.1 unphosphorylated LHCII trimers per PSI are present in the stroma lamellae of state-1 plants. Upon transition to state 2 the antenna size of PSI in the stroma membrane increases with phosphorylated LHCIIs to a total of 1.2 ± 0.1 LHCII trimers per PSI. Both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated LHCII function as highly efficient PSI antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bos
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anniek Oosterwijk
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Koehorst
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands; MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Bader
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands; MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John Philippi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands; MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Yokono M, Takabayashi A, Kishimoto J, Fujita T, Iwai M, Murakami A, Akimoto S, Tanaka A. The PSI-PSII Megacomplex in Green Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1098-1108. [PMID: 30753722 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Energy dissipation is crucial for land and shallow-water plants exposed to direct sunlight. Almost all green plants dissipate excess excitation energy to protect the photosystem reaction centers, photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), and continue to grow under strong light. In our previous work, we reported that about half of the photosystem reaction centers form a PSI-PSII megacomplex in Arabidopsis thaliana, and that the excess energy was transferred from PSII to PSI fast. However, the physiological function and structure of the megacomplex remained unclear. Here, we suggest that high-light adaptable sun-plants accumulate the PSI-PSII megacomplex more than shade-plants. In addition, PSI of sun-plants has a deep trap to receive excitation energy, which is low-energy chlorophylls showing fluorescence maxima longer than 730 nm. This deep trap may increase the high-light tolerance of PSI by improving excitation energy dissipation. Electron micrographs suggest that one PSII dimer is directly sandwiched between two PSIs with 2-fold rotational symmetry in the basic form of the PSI-PSII megacomplex in green plants. This structure should enable fast energy transfer from PSII to PSI and allow energy in PSII to be dissipated via the deep trap in PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Sapporo, Japan
- Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Innovation Center, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Kishimoto
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Akio Murakami
- Kobe University Research Centre for Inland Seas, Awaji, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Longoni P, Samol I, Goldschmidt-Clermont M. The Kinase STATE TRANSITION 8 Phosphorylates Light Harvesting Complex II and Contributes to Light Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1156. [PMID: 31608094 PMCID: PMC6761601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a central trigger for the reorganization of the photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membrane during short-term light acclimation. The major kinase involved in LHCII phosphorylation is STATE TRANSITION 7 (STN7), and its activity is mostly counteracted by a thylakoid-associated phosphatase, PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1/THYLAKOID ASSOCIATED PHOSPHATASE 38 (PPH1/TAP38). This kinase/phosphatase pair responds to the redox status of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 subunits of the LHCII trimers are the major targets of phosphorylation and have different roles in the acclimation of the photosynthetic machinery. Another antagonistic kinase and phosphatase pair, STATE TRANSITION 8 (STN8) and PHOTOSYSTEM II PHOSPHATASE (PBCP) target a different set of thylakoid proteins. Here, we analyzed double, triple, and quadruple knockout mutants of these kinases and phosphatases. In multiple mutants, lacking STN7, in combination with one or both phosphatases, but not STN8, the phosphorylation of LHCII was partially restored. The recovered phosphorylation favors Lhcb1 over Lhcb2 and results in a better adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and increased plant growth under fluctuating light. This set of mutants allowed to unveil a contribution of STN8-dependent phosphorylation in the acclimation to rapid light variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Longoni
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Paolo Longoni,
| | - Iga Samol
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pinnola A, Alboresi A, Nosek L, Semchonok D, Rameez A, Trotta A, Barozzi F, Kouřil R, Dall'Osto L, Aro EM, Boekema EJ, Bassi R. A LHCB9-dependent photosystem I megacomplex induced under low light in Physcomitrella patens. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:910-919. [PMID: 30374091 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I of the moss Physcomitrella patens has special properties, including the capacity to undergo non-photochemical fluorescence quenching. We studied the organization of photosystem I under different light and carbon supply conditions in wild-type moss and in moss with the lhcb9 (light-harvesting complex) knockout genotype, which lacks an antenna protein endowed with red-shifted absorption forms. Wild-type moss, when grown on sugars and in low light, accumulated LHCB9 proteins and a large form of the photosystem I supercomplex, which, besides the canonical four LHCI subunits, included a LHCII trimer and four additional LHC monomers. The lhcb9 knockout produced an angiosperm-like photosystem I supercomplex with four LHCI subunits irrespective of the growth conditions. Growth in the presence of sublethal concentrations of electron transport inhibitors that caused oxidation or reduction of the plastoquinone pool prevented or promoted, respectively, the accumulation of LHCB9 and the formation of the photosystem I megacomplex. We suggest that LHCB9 is a key subunit regulating the antenna size of photosystem I and the ability to avoid the over-reduction of plastoquinone: this condition is potentially dangerous in the shaded and sunfleck-rich environment typical of mosses, whose plastoquinone pool is reduced by both photosystem II and the oxidation of sugar substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani'(DBB), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Lukáš Nosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Semchonok
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arshad Rameez
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Fabrizio Barozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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