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Taj Z, Bakka K, Challabathula D. Halotolerant PGPB Staphylococcus sciuri ET101 protects photosynthesis through activation of redox dissipation pathways in Lycopersicon esculentum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108482. [PMID: 38492488 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is known to be seriously affected by salt stress. The stress induced membrane damage leads to disrupted photosynthetic components causing imbalance between production and utilization of ATP/NADPH with generation of ROS leading to photoinhibition and photodamage. In the current study, role of halotolerant plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) Staphylococcus sciuri ET101 in protection of photosynthesis in tomato plants during salinity stress was evaluated by analysing changes in antioxidant defense and activation of redox dissipation pathways. Inoculation of S. sciuri ET101 significantly enhanced the growth of tomato plants with significantly higher photosynthetic rates (PN) under normal and salinity stress conditions. Further, increased membrane stability, soluble sugar accumulation and significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves of ET101 inoculated tomato plants under normal and salinity were observed along with increased expression of antioxidant genes for efficient ROS detoxification and suppression of oxidative damage. Additionally, salinity induced decrease in rate of photosynthesis (PN) due to lowered chloroplastic CO2 concentration (Cc) attributed by low mesophyll conductance (gm) in uninoculated plants was alleviated by ET101 inoculation showing significantly higher carboxylation rate (Vcmax), RuBP generation (Jmax) and increased photorespiration (PR). The genes involved in photorespiratory process, cyclic electron flow (CEF), and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway of mitochondrial respiration were abundantly expressed in leaves of ET101 inoculated plants indicating their involvement in protecting photosynthesis from salt stress induced photoinhibition. Collectively, our results indicated that S. sciuri ET101 has the potential in protecting photosynthesis of tomato plants under salinity stress through activation of redox dissipation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarin Taj
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Kavya Bakka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Dinakar Challabathula
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Integrative Biology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
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Xu J, Zhao X, Zhong Y, Qu T, Sun B, Zhang H, Hou C, Zhang Z, Tang X, Wang Y. Acclimation of intertidal macroalgae Ulva prolifera to UVB radiation: the important role of alternative oxidase. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:143. [PMID: 38413873 PMCID: PMC10900725 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar radiation is primarily composed of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 200 - 400 nm) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400 - 700 nm). Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation accounts for only a small proportion of sunlight, and it is the primary cause of plant photodamage. The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as refrigerants caused serious ozone depletion in the 1980s, and this had led to an increase in UVB. Although CFC emissions have significantly decreased in recent years, UVB radiation still remains at a high intensity. UVB radiation increase is an important factor that influences plant physiological processes. Ulva prolifera, a type of macroalga found in the intertidal zone, is intermittently exposed to UVB. Alternative oxidase (AOX) plays an important role in plants under stresses. This research examines the changes in AOX activity and the relationships among AOX, photosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in U. prolifera under changes in UVB and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). RESULTS UVB was the main component of solar radiation impacting the typical intertidal green macroalgae U. prolifera. AOX was found to be important during the process of photosynthesis optimization of U. prolifera due to a synergistic effect with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under UVB radiation. AOX and glycolate oxidase (GO) worked together to achieve NADPH homeostasis to achieve photosynthesis optimization under changes in PAR + UVB. The synergism of AOX with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was important during the process of ROS homeostasis under PAR + UVB. CONCLUSIONS AOX plays an important role in the process of photosynthesis optimization and ROS homeostasis in U. prolifera under UVB radiation. This study provides further insights into the response of intertidal macroalgae to solar light changes.
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Grants
- No. LSKJ202203605 Laoshan Laboratory
- Nos. 41906120, 42176204, 41976132, and 41706121 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nos. 41906120, 42176204, 41976132, and 41706121 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nos. 41906120, 42176204, 41976132, and 41706121 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nos. 41906120, 42176204, 41976132, and 41706121 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nos. U1806213 and U1606404 NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund
- Nos. U1806213 and U1606404 NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Xu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tongfei Qu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baixue Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Chengzong Hou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin, 300456, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Saini D, Bapatla RB, Vemula CK, Gahir S, Bharath P, Gupta KJ, Raghavendra AS. Moderate modulation by S-nitrosoglutathione of photorespiratory enzymes in pea (Pisum sativum) leaves, compared to the strong effects of high light. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:43-51. [PMID: 37421536 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to water stress, photosynthesis is downregulated due to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). In contrast, photorespiratory metabolism protected photosynthesis and sustained yield. Modulation of photorespiration by ROS was established, but the effect of NO on photorespiratory metabolism was unclear. We, therefore, examined the impact of externally added NO by using S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a natural NO donor, in leaf discs of pea (Pisum sativum) under dark or light: moderate or high light (HL). Maximum NO accumulation with GSNO was under high light. The presence of 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a NO scavenger, prevented the increase in NO, confirming the release of NO in leaves. The increase in S-nitrosothiols and tyrosine-nitrated proteins on exposure to GSNO confirmed the nitrosative stress in leaves. However, the changes by GSNO in the activities and transcripts of five photorespiratory enzymes: glycolate oxidase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, catalase, glycerate kinase, and phosphoglycolate phosphatase activities were marginal. The changes in photorespiratory enzymes caused by GSNO were much less than those with HL. Since GSNO caused only mild oxidative stress, we felt that the key modulator of photorespiration might be ROS, but not NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ramesh B Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Shashibhushan Gahir
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pulimamidi Bharath
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Saini D, Rao DE, Bapatla RB, Aswani V, Raghavendra AS. Measurement of Photorespiratory Cycle Enzyme Activities in Leaves Exposed to Abiotic Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2832:145-161. [PMID: 38869793 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3973-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Photorespiration, an essential metabolic component, is a classic example of interactions between the intracellular compartments of a plant cell: the chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. The photorespiratory pathway is often modulated by abiotic stress and is considered an adaptive response. Monitoring the patterns of key enzymes located in different subcellular components would be an ideal approach to assessing the modulation of the photorespiratory metabolism under abiotic stress. This chapter describes the procedures for assaying several individual enzyme activities of key photorespiratory enzymes and evaluating their response to oxidative/photooxidative stress. It is essential to ascertain the presence of stress in the experimental material. Therefore, procedures for typical abiotic stress induction in leaves by highlighting without or with menadione (an oxidant that targets mitochondria) are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Duvvarapu Easwar Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramesh Babu Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Saini D, Bharath P, Gahir S, Raghavendra AS. Suppression of photorespiratory metabolism by low O 2 and presence of aminooxyacetic acid induces oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1851-1861. [PMID: 38222271 PMCID: PMC10784248 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, was upregulated under abiotic stress conditions, such as high light or drought. One of the signals for such upregulation was the rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photorespiration was expected to mitigate oxidative stress by reducing ROS levels. However, it was unclear if ROS levels would increase when photorespiration was lowered. Our goal was to examine the redox status in leaves when photorespiratory metabolism was restricted under low O2 (medium flushed with N2 gas) or by adding aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), a photorespiratory inhibitor. We examined the impact of low O2 and AOA in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana under dark, moderate, or high light. Downregulation of typical photorespiratory enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glycolate oxidase (GO), and phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGLP) under low O2 or with AOA confirmed the lowering of photorespiratory metabolism. A marked increase in ROS levels (superoxide and H2O2) indicated the induction of oxidative stress. Thus, our results demonstrated for the first time that restricted photorespiratory conditions increased the extent of oxidative stress. We propose that photorespiration is essential to sustain normal ROS levels and optimize metabolism in cellular compartments of Arabidopsis leaves. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01388-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Saini
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Pulimamidi Bharath
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Shashibhushan Gahir
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
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Song K, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Chen L, Cong W. Multi-omics insights into the mechanism of the high-temperature tolerance in a thermotolerant Chlorella sorokiniana. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129859. [PMID: 37832851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving high-temperature tolerance of microalgae is crucial to enhance the robustness and economy of microalgae industrial production. Herein, a continuous adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) system was developed to generate the thermotolerant strain of Chlorella sorokiniana. The resulting thermotolerant strain TR42 exhibited excellent cell growth and biomass production at 42 °C, the temperature that the original strain (OS) could not survive. The high-temperature resistant mechanism of TR42 was investigated by integrating the physiology, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analyses, which involved enhancing antioxidant capacity, maintaining protein homeostasis, remodeling photosynthetic metabolism, and regulating the synthesis of heat-stress related metabolites. The proof-of-concept high-temperature outdoor cultivation demonstrated that TR42 exhibited 1.15- to 5.72-fold increases in biomass production and 1.62- to 7.04-fold increases in lipid productivity compared to those of OS, respectively, which provided a promising platform for microalgae industrial production. Thus, the multi-system thermotolerant mechanism of TR42 offered potential targets for enhancing high-temperature tolerance of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Mariyam, Shafiq M, Sadiq S, Ali Q, Haider MS, Habib U, Ali D, Shahid MA. Identification and characterization of Glycolate oxidase gene family in garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. 'Salinas') and its response under various biotic, abiotic, and developmental stresses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19686. [PMID: 37952078 PMCID: PMC10640638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase (GLO) is an FMN-containing enzyme localized in peroxisomes and performs in various molecular and biochemical mechanisms. It is a key player in plant glycolate and glyoxylate accumulation pathways. The role of GLO in disease and stress resistance is well-documented in various plant species. Although studies have been conducted regarding the role of GLO genes from spinach on a microbial level, the direct response of GLO genes to various stresses in short-season and leafy plants like lettuce has not been published yet. The genome of Lactuca sativa cultivar 'Salinas' (v8) was used to identify GLO gene members in lettuce by performing various computational analysis. Dual synteny, protein-protein interactions, and targeted miRNA analyses were conducted to understand the function of GLO genes. The identified GLO genes showed further clustering into two groups i.e., glycolate oxidase (GOX) and hydroxyacid oxidase (HAOX). Genes were observed to be distributed unevenly on three chromosomes, and syntenic analysis revealed that segmental duplication was prevalent. Thus, it might be the main reason for GLO gene diversity in lettuce. Almost all LsGLO genes showed syntenic blocks in respective plant genomes under study. Protein-protein interactions of LsGLO genes revealed various functional enrichments, mainly photorespiration, and lactate oxidation, and among biological processes oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway was highly significant. Results of in-depth analyses disclosed the interaction of GLO genes with other members of the glycolate pathway and the activity of GLO genes in various organs and developmental stages in lettuce. The extensive genome evaluation of GLO gene family in garden lettuce is believed to be a reference for cloning and studying functional analyses of GLO genes and characterizing other members of glycolate/glyoxylate biosynthesis pathway in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyam
- Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Saleha Sadiq
- Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | | | - Umer Habib
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shahid
- Horticultural Sciences Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA
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Santos AMD, Bessa LA, Augusto DSS, Vasconcelos Filho SC, Batista PF, Vitorino LC. Biomarkers of pollution by glyphosate in the lichens, Parmotrema tinctorium and Usnea barbata. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e273069. [PMID: 37646755 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.273069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a herbicide commonly used in agriculture for weed control. Current agricultural production demands vast amounts of this product, which are applied by ground or aerial spraying. The concomitant aerial currents promote glyphosate drift to vegetated or urban areas. In this context, we hypothesized that the lichens, Parmotrema tinctorum and Usnea barbata, could be sensitive to the action of glyphosate and therefore be used to bio-indicate the presence of this herbicide in areas affected by drift. Since living organisms respond in different ways to the action of herbicides, our interest was also to indicate biological markers responsive to the action of glyphosate, through concentrations and exposure times of the thallus, besides identifying the most sensitive species. We evaluated the effect of different concentrations (0.0, 4.8, 9.6, and 19.2 mg L-1) and exposure times (24, 48, and 72 hours) to glyphosate on the morphoanatomy, photobiont vitality, photosynthetic efficiency, and oxidative metabolism of the thalli. We found that the lichens, P. tinctorum and U. barbata, respond to glyphosate stress, with prospects for use in the biomonitoring of pollutant dispersal from plantation areas. When using P. tinctorum as a bioindicator, lichen morphoanatomy, photobiont vitality, and photosynthetic pigment concentration were efficient biomarkers for the effect of concentration and exposure time. For U. barbata, the lichenic morphoanatomy and the activity of SOD and APX enzymes were essential tools to indicate the herbicide action. Parmotrema tinctotum, however, was characterized as more sensitive in bio-indicating the presence of this herbicide to diagnose the air quality in urban areas or vegetation sectors adjacent to agricultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Dos Santos
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Laboratório de Microbiologia Agrícola, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - L A Bessa
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Genética da Biodiversidade, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - D S S Augusto
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Genética da Biodiversidade, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | | | - P F Batista
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação - PPGBio, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - L C Vitorino
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Laboratório de Microbiologia Agrícola, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
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Mubarak A, Burgess A, Pyke K, Quick W, Murchie E. Mass screening of rice mutant populations at low CO 2 for identification of lowered photorespiration and respiration rates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125770. [PMID: 36938057 PMCID: PMC10020370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm with improved efficiency of primary metabolism is of utmost importance in order to increase yields. One such approach can be attained through screening genetically diverse populations under altered environmental conditions. Growth or treatment under low carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations can be used as a means of revealing altered leaf photorespiration, respiration and other metabolic variants. METHODS We developed a pipeline for very high throughput treatment of gamma- and ethyl methanesulfonate- (EMS) induced mutant populations of IR64 rice seedlings at very low CO2 for 7 days. 1050 seedlings per batch at 5th leaf stage were exposed to 60 ppm CO2 for the first day and 30 ppm for the remaining three days. Following this, putative candidates were identified by measuring chlorophyll depletion using SPAD. Screening results showed a distinct difference between the mutants and the WTs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The mean chlorophyll loss in WTs ranged from 65% to 11% respectively, whereas in the mutant lines chlorophyll loss ranged from 0 to 100%, suggesting considerable phenotypic variation. Rice mutants with a reduced chlorophyll reduction (<10%) were identified as 'Chlorophyll retention mutants' (CRMs) under low CO2 stress. In total, 1909 mutant lines (14,000 seedlings) were screened for chlorophyll content under 30 ppm CO2, with 26 lines selected for detailed screening. These 26 putative candidates were self-seeded to produce an M5 generation, used to determine the genetic control of the altered response to low CO2. Gas exchange of light and CO2 response revealed that there were significant variations among photosynthetic properties in two selected rice mutants. The CO2 compensation points in the absence of photorespiration and leaf respiration rates were lower than the WTs and anatomical analyses showed that CRM 29 had improved mesophyll cell area. We propose that this approach is useful for generating new material for breeding rice with improved primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.N.M. Mubarak
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, University Park, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - A.J. Burgess
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - K. Pyke
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - W.P. Quick
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - E.H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Alvarez-Morezuelas A, Barandalla L, Ritter E, Ruiz de Galarreta JI. Genome-Wide Association Study of Agronomic and Physiological Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:734. [PMID: 36840081 PMCID: PMC9963855 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is often considered a water-sensitive crop and its production can be threatened by drought events, making water stress tolerance a trait of increasing interest. In this study, a panel of 144 tetraploid potato genotypes was evaluated for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) to observe the variation of several physiological traits such as chlorophyll content and fluorescence, stomatal conductance, NDVI, and leaf area and circumference. In addition, agronomic parameters such as yield, tuber fresh weight, tuber number, starch content, dry matter and reducing sugars were determined. GGP V3 Potato array was used to genotype the population, obtaining a total of 18,259 high-quality SNP markers. Marker-trait association was performed using GWASpoly package in R software and Q + K linear mixed models were considered. This approach allowed us to identify eighteen SNP markers significantly associated with the studied traits in both treatments and years, which were related to genes with known functions. Markers related to chlorophyll content and number of tubers under control and stress conditions, and related to stomatal conductance, NDVI, yield and reducing sugar content under water stress, were identified. Although these markers were distributed throughout the genome, the SNPs associated with the traits under control conditions were found mainly on chromosome 11, while under stress conditions they were detected on chromosome 4. These results contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms of potato tolerance to water stress and are useful for future marker-assisted selection programs.
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Perera-Castro AV, Flexas J. The ratio of electron transport to assimilation (ETR/A N): underutilized but essential for assessing both equipment's proper performance and plant status. PLANTA 2023; 257:29. [PMID: 36592261 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETR/AN ratios should be in the range 7.5-10.5 for non-stressed C3 plants. Ratios extremely out of this range can be reflecting both uncontrolled plant status and technical mistakes during measurements. We urge users to explicitly refer to this ratio in future studies as a proof for internal data quality control. For the last few decades, the use of infra-red gas-exchange analysers (IRGAs) coupled with chlorophyll fluorometers that allow for measurements of net CO2 assimilation rate and estimates of electron transport rate over the same leaf area has been popularized. The evaluation of data from both instruments in an integrative manner can result in additional valuable information, such as the estimation of the light respiration, mesophyll conductance and the partitioning of the flux of electrons into carboxylation, oxygenation and alternative processes, among others. In this review, an additional and more 'straight' use of the combination of chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange-derived parameters is presented, namely using the direct ratio between two fully independently estimated parameters, electron transport rate (ETR)-determined by the fluorometer-and net CO2 assimilation rate (AN)-determined by the IRGA, i.e., the ETR/AN ratio, as a tool for fast detection of incongruencies in the data and potential technical problems associated with them, while checking for the study plant's status. To illustrate this application, a compilation of 75 studies that reported both parameters for a total of 178 species under varying physiological status is presented. Values of ETR/AN between 7.5 and 10.5 were most frequently found for non-stressed C3 plants. C4 species showed an average ETR/AN ratio of 4.7. The observed ratios were larger for species with high leaf mass per area and for plants subjected to stressful factors like drought or nutritional deficit. Knowing the expected ETR/AN ratio projects this ratio as a routinary and rapid check point for guaranteeing both the correct performance of equipment and the optimal/stress status of studied plants. All known errors associated with the under- or overestimation of ETR or AN are summarized in a checklist that aims to be routinely used by any IRGA/fluorometer user to strength the validity of their data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, S/N, 38200, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Department of Biology, Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA), Universitat de LES Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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12
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Alam P, Azzam MA, Balawi TA, Raja V, Bhat JA, Ahmad P. Mitigation of Negative Effects of Chromium (VI) Toxicity in Faba Bean ( Vicia faba) Plants through the Supplementation of Kinetin (KN) and Gibberellic Acid (GA3). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233302. [PMID: 36501342 PMCID: PMC9736587 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to explore the possible role of kinetin and gibberellic acid (GA3) on faba bean under chromium (Cr) stress. Cr treatment negatively affected growth and biomass production, reduced photosynthetic pigments, and inhibited photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and the glyoxylase cycle. Moreover, Cr stress enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA, 216.11%) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 230.16%), electrolyte leakage (EL, 293.30%), and the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. Exogenous application of kinetin and GA3 increased growth and biomass, improved pigment contents and photosynthesis, as well as up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the antioxidant enzyme activities and the content of nonenzymatic components, and the glyoxylase cycle. Additionally, kinetin and GA3 application displayed a considerable enhancement in proline (602.61%) and glycine betaine (423.72), which help the plants to maintain water balance under stress. Furthermore, a decline in Cr uptake was also observed due to kinetin and GA3 application. Exogenous application of kinetin and GA3 ameliorated the toxic effects of Cr in faba bean plants, up-shooting the tolerance mechanisms, including osmolyte metabolism and the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Al Balawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaseem Raja
- University Centre for Research and Development Department, Chandigarh University Gharuan, Chandigarh 140413, India
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Pulwama 192301, India
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Impacts of Cd Pollution on the Vitality, Anatomy and Physiology of Two Morphologically Different Lichen Species of the Genera Parmotrema and Usnea, Evaluated under Experimental Conditions. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal Cd accumulates in trophic chains, constituting a toxic element for photosynthesizing organisms, including the algal photobionts of lichen. Thus, as lichens respond differently to heavy metal toxicity, we hypothesized that the species Parmotrema tinctorum and Usnea barbata, commonly sampled in the Cerrado ecoregion, could be sensitive to Cd and, therefore, be used to biomonitor the dispersion of this metal. We also aimed to indicate the responsiveness of biological markers to Cd in these species by exposing the thalli to simulated rainfall with increasing metal concentrations. We observed that both lichen species are responsive to Cd stress; however, different pathways are accessed. The synthesis of carotenoids by P. tinctorum and the production of antioxidant enzymes by U. barbata seem to constitute relevant response strategies to Cd-induced stress. The lichen morphoanatomy, cell viability, photobiont vitality index, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and chlorophyll a synthesis were efficient biomarkers for the effects of increasing Cd exposure in P. tinctorum, being the variables primarily associated with damage to the photobiont. For U. barbata, the lichen morphoanatomy, photochemistry, and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) were essential to reflect Cd toxicity. However, the species P. tinctorum was characterized as the most sensitive to Cd toxicity, constituting a good bioindicator for the presence of this metal. It can be used in the diagnosis of air quality in urban and industrial areas or even in forest areas influenced by Cd in phosphate fertilizers.
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Basu D, South PF. Design and Analysis of Native Photorespiration Gene Motifs of Promoter Untranslated Region Combinations Under Short Term Abiotic Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828729. [PMID: 35251099 PMCID: PMC8888687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative traits are rarely controlled by a single gene, thereby making multi-gene transformation an indispensable component of modern synthetic biology approaches. However, the shortage of unique gene regulatory elements (GREs) for the robust simultaneous expression of multiple nuclear transgenes is a major bottleneck that impedes the engineering of complex pathways in plants. In this study, we compared the transcriptional efficacies of a comprehensive list of well-documented promoter and untranslated region (UTR) sequences side by side. The strength of GREs was examined by a dual-luciferase assay in conjunction with transient expression in tobacco. In addition, we created suites of new GREs with higher transcriptional efficacies by combining the best performing promoter-UTR sequences. We also tested the impact of elevated temperature and high irradiance on the effectiveness of these GREs. While constitutive promoters ensure robust expression of transgenes, they lack spatiotemporal regulations exhibited by native promoters. Here, we present a proof-of-principle study on the characterization of synthetic promoters based on cis-regulatory elements of three key photorespiratory genes. This conserved biochemical process normally increases under elevated temperature, low CO2, and high irradiance stress conditions and results in ∼25% loss in fixed CO2. To select stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements involved in photorespiration, we analyzed promoters of two chloroplast transporters (AtPLGG1 and AtBASS6) and a key plastidial enzyme, AtPGLP using PlantPAN3.0 and AthaMap. Our results suggest that these motifs play a critical role for PLGG1, BASS6, and PGLP in mediating response to elevated temperature and high-intensity light stress. These findings will not only enable the advancement of metabolic and genetic engineering of photorespiration but will also be instrumental in related synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul F. South
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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15
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Dang Z, Jia Y, Tian Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Huang L, Liang C, Lockhart PJ, Matthew C, Li FY. Transcriptome-Wide Gene Expression Plasticity in Stipa grandis in Response to Grazing Intensity Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111882. [PMID: 34769324 PMCID: PMC8611654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms have evolved effective and distinct adaptive strategies to survive. Stipa grandis is a representative species for studying the grazing effect on typical steppe plants in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. Although phenotypic (morphological and physiological) variations in S. grandis in response to long-term grazing have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptations and plastic responses remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to investigate changes in gene expression of S. grandis under four different grazing intensities. As a result, a total of 2357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the tested grazing intensities, suggesting long-term grazing resulted in gene expression plasticity that affected diverse biological processes and metabolic pathways in S. grandis. DEGs were identified in RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses that indicated the modulation of the Calvin–Benson cycle and photorespiration metabolic pathways. The key gene expression profiles encoding various proteins (e.g., ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, glycolate oxidase, etc.) involved in these pathways suggest that they may synergistically respond to grazing to increase the resilience and stress tolerance of S. grandis. Our findings provide scientific clues for improving grassland use and protection and identifying important questions to address in future transcriptome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Dang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1514-802-6396
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Yunyun Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
| | - Jiabin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Lei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Cunzhu Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Peter J. Lockhart
- School of Fundamental Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Cory Matthew
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Frank Yonghong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
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Hoque MN, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Hannan A, Sultana N, Akhter S, Hasanuzzaman M, Akter F, Hossain MS, Sayed MA, Hasan MT, Skalicky M, Li X, Brestič M. Melatonin Modulates Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress: Morphological Responses to Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111445. [PMID: 34768875 PMCID: PMC8584185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses. Heavy metals cause serious damage to plant growth and productivity, which is a major problem for sustainable agriculture. It adversely affects plant molecular physiology and biochemistry by generating osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, oxidative stress, membrane disorganization, cellular toxicity, and metabolic homeostasis. To improve and stimulate plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, the application of biostimulants can be an effective approach without threatening the ecosystem. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a biostimulator, plant growth regulator, and antioxidant, promotes plant tolerance to heavy metal stress by improving redox and nutrient homeostasis, osmotic balance, and primary and secondary metabolism. It is important to perceive the complete and detailed regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous melatonin-mediated heavy metal-toxicity mitigation in plants to identify potential research gaps that should be addressed in the future. This review provides a novel insight to understand the multifunctional role of melatonin in reducing heavy metal stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Najmol Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.T.-U.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Afsana Hannan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Naima Sultana
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Shirin Akhter
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Md. Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Fahmida Akter
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Abu Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Toufiq Hasan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.T.-U.-A.); (M.B.)
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17
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Zhang JY, Zhang QH, Shuang SP, Cun Z, Wu HM, Chen JW. The Responses of Light Reaction of Photosynthesis to Dynamic Sunflecks in a Typically Shade-Tolerant Species Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718981. [PMID: 34721452 PMCID: PMC8548386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light is highly heterogeneous in natural conditions, and plants need to evolve a series of strategies to acclimate the dynamic light since it is immobile. The present study aimed to elucidate the response of light reaction of photosynthesis to dynamic sunflecks in a shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng and to examine the regulatory mechanisms involved in an adaptation to the simulated sunflecks. When P. notoginseng was exposed to the simulated sunflecks, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased rapidly to the maximum value. Moreover, in response to the simulated sunflecks, there was a rapid increase in light-dependent heat dissipation quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (ΦNPQ), while the maximum quantum yield of PSII under light (F v'/F m') declined. The relatively high fluorescence and constitutive heat dissipation quantum efficiency of PSII (Φf,d) in the plants exposed to transient high light (400, 800, and 1,600 μmol m-2 s-1) was accompanied by the low effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) after the dark recovery for 15 min, whereas the plants exposed to transient low light (50 μmol m-2 s-1) has been shown to lead to significant elevation in ΦPSII after darkness recovery. Furthermore, PSII fluorescence and constitutive heat dissipation electron transfer rate (J f,d) was increased with the intensity of the simulated sunflecks, the residual absorbed energy used for the non-net carboxylative processes (J NC) was decreased when the response of electron transfer rate of NPQ pathway of PSII (J NPQ) to transient low light is restricted. In addition, the acceptor-side limitation of PSI [Y(NA)] was increased, while the donor-side limitation of photosystems I (PSI) [Y(ND)] was decreased at transient high light conditions accompanied with active cyclic electron flow (CEF). Meanwhile, when the leaves were exposed to transient high light, the xanthophyll cycle (V cycle) was activated and subsequently, the J NPQ began to increase. The de-epoxidation state [(Z + A)/(V + A + Z)] was strongly correlated with NPQ in response to the sunflecks. In the present study, a rapid engagement of lutein epoxide (Lx) after the low intensity of sunfleck together with the lower NPQ contributed to an elevation in the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII under the light. The analysis based on the correlation between the CEF and electron flow devoted to Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) oxygenation (J O) indicated that at a high light intensity of sunflecks, the electron flow largely devoted to RuBP oxygenation would contribute to the operation of the CEF. Overall, photorespiration plays an important role in regulating the CEF of the shade-tolerant species, such as P. notoginseng in response to transient high light, whereas active Lx cycle together with the decelerated NPQ may be an effective mechanism of elevating the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII under light exposure to transient low light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang-Hao Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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18
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Yu King Hing N, Aryal UK, Morgan JA. Probing Light-Dependent Regulation of the Calvin Cycle Using a Multi-Omics Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733122. [PMID: 34671374 PMCID: PMC8521058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic microorganisms are increasingly explored for the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into biomass and valuable products. The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is the primary metabolic pathway for net CO2 fixation within oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. The cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, is a model organism for the study of photosynthesis and a platform for many metabolic engineering efforts. The CBB cycle is regulated by complex mechanisms including enzymatic abundance, intracellular metabolite concentrations, energetic cofactors and post-translational enzymatic modifications that depend on the external conditions such as the intensity and quality of light. However, the extent to which each of these mechanisms play a role under different light intensities remains unclear. In this work, we conducted non-targeted proteomics in tandem with isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis (INST-MFA) at four different light intensities to determine the extent to which fluxes within the CBB cycle are controlled by enzymatic abundance. The correlation between specific enzyme abundances and their corresponding reaction fluxes is examined, revealing several enzymes with uncorrelated enzyme abundance and their corresponding flux, suggesting flux regulation by mechanisms other than enzyme abundance. Additionally, the kinetics of 13C labeling of CBB cycle intermediates and estimated inactive pool sizes varied significantly as a function of light intensity suggesting the presence of metabolite channeling, an additional method of flux regulation. These results highlight the importance of the diverse methods of regulation of CBB enzyme activity as a function of light intensity, and highlights the importance of considering these effects in future kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaphon Yu King Hing
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - John A. Morgan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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19
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Sun Y, Li Y, Li Y, Wang M, Mur LAJ, Shen Q, Guo S. Nitrate mediated resistance against Fusarium infection in cucumber plants acts via photorespiration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3412-3431. [PMID: 34181268 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is one of the major biotic factors limiting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth and yield. The outcomes of cucumber-Fusarium interactions can be influenced by the form of nitrogen nutrition (nitrate [NO3- ] or ammonium [NH4+ ]); however, the physiological mechanisms of N-regulated cucumber disease resistance are still largely unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between nitrogen forms and cucumber resistance to Fusarium infection. Our results showed that on Fusarium infection, NO3- feeding decreased the levels of the fungal toxin, fusaric acid, leaf membrane oxidative, organelle damage and disease-associated loss in photosynthesis. Metabolomic analysis and gas-exchange measurements linked NO3- mediated plant defence with enhanced leaf photorespiration rates. Cucumber plants sprayed with the photorespiration inhibitor isoniazid were more susceptible to Fusarium and there was a negative correlation between photorespiration rate and leaf membrane injury. However, there were positive correlations between photorespiration rate, NO3- assimilation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This provides a potential electron sink or the peroxisomal H2 O2 catalysed by glycolate oxidase. We suggest that the NO3- nutrition enhanced cucumber resistance against Fusarium infection was associated with photorespiration. Our findings provide a novel insight into a mechanism involving the interaction of photorespiration with nitrogen forms to drive wider defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Centre for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Centre for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Centre for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Centre for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Centre for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Chadee A, Alber NA, Dahal K, Vanlerberghe GC. The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748204. [PMID: 34650584 PMCID: PMC8505746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts use light energy and a linear electron transport (LET) pathway for the coupled generation of NADPH and ATP. It is widely accepted that the production ratio of ATP to NADPH is usually less than required to fulfill the energetic needs of the chloroplast. Left uncorrected, this would quickly result in an over-reduction of the stromal pyridine nucleotide pool (i.e., high NADPH/NADP+ ratio) and under-energization of the stromal adenine nucleotide pool (i.e., low ATP/ADP ratio). These imbalances could cause metabolic bottlenecks, as well as increased generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Chloroplast cyclic electron transport (CET) and the chloroplast malate valve could each act to prevent stromal over-reduction, albeit in distinct ways. CET avoids the NADPH production associated with LET, while the malate valve consumes the NADPH associated with LET. CET could operate by one of two different pathways, depending upon the chloroplast ATP demand. The NADH dehydrogenase-like pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the pathway involving PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1). Similarly, the malate valve could couple with one of two different mitochondrial electron transport pathways, depending upon the cytosolic ATP demand. The cytochrome pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. In both Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, PGR5/PGRL1 pathway mutants have increased amounts of AOX, suggesting complementary roles for these two lesser-ATP yielding mechanisms of preventing stromal over-reduction. These two pathways may become most relevant under environmental stress conditions that lower the ATP demands for carbon fixation and carbohydrate export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A. Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Greg C. Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Tissue-Specific Metabolic Reprogramming during Wound-Induced Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810112. [PMID: 34576275 PMCID: PMC8466849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have remarkable regenerative capacity, which allows them to survive tissue damage after exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some of the key transcription factors and hormone crosstalk mechanisms involved in wound-induced organ regeneration have been extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about the role of metabolism in wound-induced organ formation. Here, we performed detailed transcriptome analysis and used a targeted metabolomics approach to study de novo organ formation in tomato hypocotyl explants and found tissue-specific metabolic differences and divergent developmental pathways. Our results indicate that successful regeneration in the apical region of the hypocotyl depends on a specific metabolic switch involving the upregulation of photorespiratory pathway components and the differential regulation of photosynthesis-related gene expression and gluconeogenesis pathway activation. These findings provide a useful resource for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in wound-induced organ formation in crop species such as tomato.
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Thabet SG, Alomari DZ, Alqudah AM. Exploring natural diversity reveals alleles to enhance antioxidant system in barley under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:789-798. [PMID: 34218207 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity stress causes osmotic/ionic imbalances and induces oxidative stress that causes cellular structure damage, perturbs metabolism, antioxidant system (comprising enzymatic and non-enzymatic components) and hence inhibits plant growth performance. In this study, we used genome-wide association scan (GWAS) in 174 diverse spring barley accessions which were exposed to salt stress under field conditions at the vegetative stage to uncover the genetic basis of antioxidant components and agronomic traits. High activities of enzymatic and content of non-enzymatic antioxidants were observed under salt stress compared to control conditions. Under salt stress, all the agronomic and yield-related traits were significantly reduced. Six genomic regions were associated with antioxidants and agronomic traits under salt stress conditions which were found to be linked with candidate genes. Several significant associations were physically located inside or near genes which are potentially involved in antioxidants. Two candidate genes at 2H (40,659,364 bp) and 7H (416,743,127 bp) were found to be involved in Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone protein and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively. The allelic variation at SNP of BK_07 at 7H inside the GAPDH gene demonstrates a negative selection of accessions carrying A allele. This allele appears in cultivars with lower activity of enzymatic antioxidants e.g. superoxide dismutase and catalases under salt stress conditions. These accessions are predominantly two-rowed, cultivars, originated from Europe, and carrying photoperiod sensitive alleles. The detected associated molecular markers in this work are considered as an important source for selection of increased amount of antioxidant compounds in barley under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar G Thabet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Z Alomari
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Ahmad M Alqudah
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Lodeyro AF, Krapp AR, Carrillo N. Photosynthesis and chloroplast redox signaling in the age of global warming: stress tolerance, acclimation, and developmental plasticity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5919-5937. [PMID: 34111246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary climate change is characterized by the increased intensity and frequency of environmental stress events such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, which have a debilitating impact on photosynthesis and growth, compromising the production of food, feed, and biofuels for an expanding population. The need to increase crop productivity in the context of global warming has fueled attempts to improve several key plant features such as photosynthetic performance, assimilate partitioning, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Chloroplast redox metabolism, including photosynthetic electron transport and CO2 reductive assimilation, are primary targets of most stress conditions, leading to excessive excitation pressure, photodamage, and propagation of reactive oxygen species. Alterations in chloroplast redox poise, in turn, provide signals that exit the plastid and modulate plant responses to the environmental conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes could provide novel tools to increase crop yield in suboptimal environments. We describe herein various interventions into chloroplast redox networks that resulted in increased tolerance to multiple sources of environmental stress. They included manipulation of endogenous components and introduction of electron carriers from other organisms, which affected not only stress endurance but also leaf size and longevity. The resulting scenario indicates that chloroplast redox pathways have an important impact on plant growth, development, and defense that goes beyond their roles in primary metabolism. Manipulation of these processes provides additional strategies for the design of crops with improved performance under destabilized climate conditions as foreseen for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella F Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana R Krapp
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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The impact of photorespiration on plant primary metabolism through metabolic and redox regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2495-2504. [PMID: 33300978 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an inevitable trait of all oxygenic phototrophs, being the only known metabolic route that converts the inhibitory side-product of Rubisco's oxygenase activity 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG) back into the Calvin-Benson (CB) cycle's intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). Through this function of metabolite repair, photorespiration is able to protect photosynthetic carbon assimilation from the metabolite intoxication that would occur in the present-day oxygen-rich atmosphere. In recent years, much plant research has provided compelling evidence that photorespiration safeguards photosynthesis and engages in cross-talk with a number of subcellular processes. Moreover, the potential of manipulating photorespiration to increase the photosynthetic yield potential has been demonstrated in several plant species. Considering this multifaceted role, it is tempting to presume photorespiration itself is subject to a suite of regulation mechanisms to eventually exert a regulatory impact on other processes, and vice versa. The identification of potential pathway interactions and underlying regulatory aspects has been facilitated via analysis of the photorespiratory mutant phenotype, accompanied by the emergence of advanced omics' techniques and biochemical approaches. In this mini-review, I focus on the identification of enzymatic steps which control the photorespiratory flux, as well as levels of transcriptional, posttranslational, and metabolic regulation. Most importantly, glycine decarboxylase (GDC) and 2PG are identified as being key photorespiratory determinants capable of controlling photorespiratory flux and communicating with other branches of plant primary metabolism.
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Updates on the Role of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) and ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTORs (ABFs) in ABA Signaling in Different Developmental Stages in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081996. [PMID: 34440762 PMCID: PMC8394461 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway consists of receptors, phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors, among them ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) and ABRE BINDING FACTORs/ABRE-BINDING PROTEINs (ABFs/AREBs), which belong to the BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER (bZIP) family and control expression of stress-responsive genes. ABI5 is mostly active in seeds and prevents germination and post-germinative growth under unfavorable conditions. The activity of ABI5 is controlled at transcriptional and protein levels, depending on numerous regulators, including components of other phytohormonal pathways. ABFs/AREBs act redundantly in regulating genes that control physiological processes in response to stress during vegetative growth. In this review, we focus on recent reports regarding ABI5 and ABFs/AREBs functions during abiotic stress responses, which seem to be partially overlapping and not restricted to one developmental stage in Arabidopsis and other species. Moreover, we point out that ABI5 and ABFs/AREBs play a crucial role in the core ABA pathway’s feedback regulation. In this review, we also discuss increased stress tolerance of transgenic plants overexpressing genes encoding ABA-dependent bZIPs. Taken together, we show that ABI5 and ABFs/AREBs are crucial ABA-dependent transcription factors regulating processes essential for plant adaptation to stress at different developmental stages.
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What Antarctic Plants Can Tell Us about Climate Changes: Temperature as a Driver for Metabolic Reprogramming. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081094. [PMID: 34439761 PMCID: PMC8392395 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is strongly affecting the maritime Antarctica climate and the consequent melting of perennial snow and ice covers resulted in increased colonization by plants. Colobanthus quitensis is a vascular plant highly adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctic Peninsula and understanding how the plant is responding to global warming is a new challenging target for modern cell physiology. To this aim, we performed differential proteomic analysis on C. quitensis plants grown in natural conditions compared to plants grown for one year inside open top chambers (OTCs) which determine an increase of about 4 °C at midday, mimicking the effect of global warming. A thorough analysis of the up- and downregulated proteins highlighted an extensive metabolism reprogramming leading to enhanced photoprotection and oxidative stress control as well as reduced content of cell wall components. Overall, OTCs growth seems to be advantageous for C. quitensis plants which could benefit from a better CO2 diffusion into the mesophyll and a reduced ROS-mediated photodamage.
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Effects of Foliage Spraying with Sodium Bisulfite on the Photosynthesis of Orychophragmus violaceus. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulphurous acid derived from sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission leads to the pollution of irrigation water and the inhibition of plant growth. The safe concentration threshold of NaHSO3 in plants should be clarified to promote agricultural production. In this study, Orychophragmus violaceus seedlings were used as experimental materials and five NaHSO3 concentrations (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 5, 10 mmol·L−1) were simultaneously sprayed on the leaf surface of different seedlings separately. Leaf physiology responses under different concentrations were analyzed. The NaHSO3 did not promote photosynthesis in O. violaceus under the 1 and 2 mmol·L−1 treatments. It was conducive to the net photosynthetic rate (PN), photorespiration rate (Rp), chlorophyll content, actual photochemical quantum yield (YII) and photochemical quenching (qP) under the 5 mmol·L−1 treatment. However, quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (YNPQ) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) were inhibited. Under the 10 mmol·L−1 treatment, PN, chlorophyll content, YII, qP, dark respiration rate (Rd) and electron transport rate (ETR) showed significant decreases, while the photorespiration portion (Sp) significantly increased. Our results demonstrated that NaHSO3 provided a sulfur source for plant growth and interfered with the redox reaction of the plant itself, and its role as a photorespiratory inhibitor might be masked.
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Bapatla RB, Saini D, Aswani V, Rajsheel P, Sunil B, Timm S, Raghavendra AS. Modulation of Photorespiratory Enzymes by Oxidative and Photo-Oxidative Stress Induced by Menadione in Leaves of Pea ( Pisum sativum). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050987. [PMID: 34063541 PMCID: PMC8156035 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, is concerted across four subcellular compartments, namely, chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion, and the cytoplasm. It is unclear how the pathway located in different subcellular compartments respond to stress occurring exclusively in one of those. We attempted to assess the inter-organelle interaction during the photorespiratory pathway. For that purpose, we induced oxidative stress by menadione (MD) in mitochondria and photo-oxidative stress (high light) in chloroplasts. Subsequently, we examined the changes in selected photorespiratory enzymes, known to be located in other subcellular compartments. The presence of MD upregulated the transcript and protein levels of five chosen photorespiratory enzymes in both normal and high light. Peroxisomal glycolate oxidase and catalase activities increased by 50% and 25%, respectively, while chloroplastic glycerate kinase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase increased by ~30%. The effect of MD was maximum in high light, indicating photo-oxidative stress was an influential factor to regulate photorespiration. Oxidative stress created in mitochondria caused a coordinative upregulation of photorespiration in other organelles. We provided evidence that reactive oxygen species are important signals for inter-organelle communication during photorespiration. Thus, MD can be a valuable tool to modulate the redox state in plant cells to study the metabolic consequences across membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B. Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Pidakala Rajsheel
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: or
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A biological agent modulates the physiology of barley infected with Drechslera teres. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8330. [PMID: 33859319 PMCID: PMC8050242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognized as the causal agent of net blotch, Drechslera teres is responsible for major losses of barley crop yield. The consequences of this leaf disease are due to the impact of the infection on the photosynthetic performance of barley leaves. To limit the symptoms of this ascomycete, the use of beneficial bacteria known as "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria" constitutes an innovative and environmentally friendly strategy. A bacterium named as strain B25 belonging to the genus Burkholderia showed a strong antifungal activity against D. teres. The bacterium was able to limit the development of the fungus by 95% in detached leaves of bacterized plants compared to the non-bacterized control. In this study, in-depth analyses of the photosynthetic performance of young barley leaves infected with D. teres and/or in the presence of the strain B25 were carried out both in and close to the necrotic area. In addition, gas exchange measurements were performed only near the necrotic area. Our results showed that the presence of the beneficial bacterium reduced the negative impact of the fungus on the photosynthetic performance and modified only the net carbon assimilation rate close to the necrotic area. Indeed, the presence of the strain B25 decreased the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII noted as Y(NPQ) and allowed to maintain the values stable of maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry known as Fv/Fm and close to those of the control in the presence of D. teres. To the best of our knowledge, these data constitute the first study focusing on the impact of net blotch fungus and a beneficial bacterium on photosynthesis and respiratory parameters in barley leaves.
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Abstract
Since 1893, when the word "photosynthesis" was first coined by Charles Reid Barnes and Conway MacMillan, our understanding of the elements and regulation of this complex process is far from being entirely understood. We aim to review the most relevant advances in photosynthesis research from the last few years and to provide a perspective on the forthcoming research in this field. Recent discoveries related to light sensing, harvesting, and dissipation; kinetics of CO2 fixation; components and regulators of CO2 diffusion through stomata and mesophyll; and genetic engineering for improving photosynthetic and production capacities of crops are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Vieira LAJ, Alves RDFB, Menezes-Silva PE, Mendonça MAC, Silva MLF, Silva MCAP, Sousa LF, Loram-Lourenço L, Alves da Silva A, Costa AC, Silva FG, Farnese FS. Water contamination with atrazine: is nitric oxide able to improve Pistia stratiotes phytoremediation capacity? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115971. [PMID: 33218778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is an herbicide commonly used in several countries. Due to its long half-life, associated with its use in large scales, atrazine residues remain as environmental pollutants in water bodies. Phytoremediation is often pointed out as an interesting approach to remove atrazine from the aquatic environment, but its practical application is limited by the high toxicity of this herbicide. Here, we characterize the damages triggered by atrazine in Pistia stratiotes, evaluating the role of nitric oxide (NO), a cell-signaling molecule, in increasing the tolerance to the pollutant and the phytoremediation potential of this species. Pistia stratiotes plants were exposed to four treatments: Control; Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0.05 mg L-1); Atrazine (ATZ) (150 μg L-1) and ATZ + SNP. The plants remained under those conditions for 24 h for biochemical and physiological analysis and 3 days for the evaluation of relative growth rate. The presence of atrazine in plant cells triggered a series of biochemical and physiological damages, such as the increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species, damages to cell membranes, photosynthesis impairment, and negative carbon balance. Despite this, the plants maintained greater growth rates than other aquatic macrophytes exposed to atrazine and showed high bioconcentration and translocation factors. The addition of SNP, a NO donor, decreased the herbicide toxicity, with an increase of over 60% in the IC50 value (Inhibitor Concentration). Indeed, the NO signaling action was able to increase the tolerance of plants to atrazine, which resulted in increments in pollutant uptake and translocation, with the maintenance of overall cell (e.g. membranes) and organs (root system) structure, and the functioning of central physiological processes (e.g. photosynthesis). These factors allowed for more quickly and efficient removal of the pollutant from the environment, reducing costs, and increasing the viability of the phytoremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena A J Vieira
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria A C Mendonça
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Maria L F Silva
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Maria C A P Silva
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Leticia F Sousa
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiano G Silva
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Farnese
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil.
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Sánchez-McSweeney A, González-Gordo S, Aranda-Sicilia MN, Rodríguez-Rosales MP, Venema K, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Loss of function of the chloroplast membrane K +/H + antiporters AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 alters the ROS and NO metabolism but promotes drought stress resilience. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:106-119. [PMID: 33485149 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) exerts key physiological functions such as osmoregulation, stomatal movement, membrane transport, protein synthesis and photosynthesis among others. Previously, it was demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana that the loss of function of the chloroplast K+Efflux Antiporters KEA1 and KEA2, located in the inner envelope membrane, provokes inefficient photosynthesis. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of the loss of function of those cation transport systems in the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Using 14-day-old seedlings from Arabidopsis double knock-out kea1kea2 mutants, ROS metabolism and NO content in roots and green cotyledons were studied at the biochemical level. The loss of function of AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 did not cause oxidative stress but it provoked an alteration of the ROS homeostasis affecting some ROS-generating enzymes. These included glycolate oxidase (GOX) and NADPH-dependent superoxide generation activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and both NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme activities. NO content, analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), was negatively affected in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs in kea1kea2 mutant seedlings. Furthermore, the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) protein expression and activity were downregulated in kea1kea2 mutants, whereas the tyrosine nitrated protein profile, analyzed by immunoblot, was unaffected but the relative expression of each immunoreactive band changed. Moreover, kea1kea2 mutants showed an increased photorespiratory pathway and stomata closure, thus promoting a higher resilience to drought stress. Data suggest that the chloroplast osmotic balance and integrity maintained by AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 are necessary to keep the balance of ROS/RNS metabolism. Moreover, these data open new questions about how endogenous NO generation might be affected by the K+/H+ transport located in the chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain
| | - María Nieves Aranda-Sicilia
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez-Rosales
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Kees Venema
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain.
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Involvement of SUT1 and SUT2 Sugar Transporters in the Impairment of Sugar Transport and Changes in Phloem Exudate Contents in Phytoplasma-Infected Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020745. [PMID: 33451049 PMCID: PMC7828548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplasmas inhabit phloem sieve elements and cause abnormal growth and altered sugar partitioning. However, how they interact with phloem functions is not clearly known. The phloem responses were investigated in tomatoes infected by “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” at the beginning of the symptomatic stage, the first symptoms appearing in the newly emerged leaf at the stem apex. Antisense lines impaired in the phloem sucrose transporters SUT1 and SUT2 were included. In symptomatic sink leaves, leaf curling was associated with higher starch accumulation and the expression of defense genes. The analysis of leaf midribs of symptomatic leaves indicated that transcript levels for genes acting in the glycolysis and peroxisome metabolism differed from these in noninfected plants. The phytoplasma also multiplied in the three lower source leaves, even if it was not associated with the symptoms. In these leaves, the rate of phloem sucrose exudation was lower for infected plants. Metabolite profiling of phloem sap-enriched exudates revealed that glycolate and aspartate levels were affected by the infection. Their levels were also affected in the noninfected SUT1- and SUT2-antisense lines. The findings suggest the role of sugar transporters in the responses to infection and describe the consequences of impaired sugar transport on the primary metabolism.
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Szablińska-Piernik J, Lahuta LB. Metabolite profiling of semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) under progressive soil drought and subsequent re-watering. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 256:153314. [PMID: 33197828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars at the vegetative stage of growth were exposed to progressive soil drought, which lasted for 18 days until the plants began to wilt, after which a 7-day period of the recovery from stress followed, when plant watering was resumed. The soil drought negatively affected plant growth, slowing down the rate of shoot elongation, decreasing the accumulation of fresh and dry weight, inhibiting the development of new leaves, and delaying the flowering of plants. Changes in the levels of 41 polar metabolites (identified by GC-MS) were established by the GC-FID method in the shoot tip, stem, stipules and tendrils, separately. Drought caused re-arrangement in the metabolism in all parts of the pea shoot, leading to a significant increase in the content of total polar metabolites. Although changes in most metabolites in the same parts of shoot were not identical among the pea cultivars studied, some metabolites were uniformly accumulated until 18th day of drought and decreased after recovery. They were i) proline and malate in all, while myo-inositol in most parts of shoot (of all the pea cultivars), ii) sucrose and glycine in the shoot tip, iii) homoserine in the stem and iv) GABA in stipules. These findings signify that the pea adjustment to progressive soil drought includes both accumulation of osmolytes and osmoprotectants and translocation of some of them (proline, sucrose, myo-inositol) to the shoot tip, thereby protecting the youngest tissues from damage caused by water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lesław B Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Moreau S, van Aubel G, Janky R, Van Cutsem P. Chloroplast Electron Chain, ROS Production, and Redox Homeostasis Are Modulated by COS-OGA Elicitation in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:597589. [PMID: 33381134 PMCID: PMC7768011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.597589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The stimulation of plant innate immunity by elicitors is an emerging technique in agriculture that contributes more and more to residue-free crop protection. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to study gene transcription in tomato leaves treated three times with the chitooligosaccharides-oligogalacturonides (COS-OGA) elicitor FytoSave® that induces plants to fend off against biotrophic pathogens. Results showed a clear upregulation of sequences that code for chloroplast proteins of the electron transport chain, especially Photosystem I (PSI) and ferredoxin. Concomitantly, stomatal conductance decreased by half, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] content and reactive oxygen species production doubled, but fresh and dry weights were unaffected. Chlorophyll, β-carotene, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin contents decreased consistently upon repeated elicitations. Fluorescence measurements indicated a transient decrease of the effective PSII quantum yield and a non-photochemical quenching increase but only after the first spraying. Taken together, this suggests that plant defense induction by COS-OGA induces a long-term acclimation mechanism and increases the role of the electron transport chain of the chloroplast to supply electrons needed to mount defenses targeted to the apoplast without compromising biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Moreau
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Géraldine van Aubel
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- FytoFend S.A., Isnes, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Van Cutsem
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- FytoFend S.A., Isnes, Belgium
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Alves RDFB, Menezes-Silva PE, Sousa LF, Loram-Lourenço L, Silva MLF, Almeida SES, Silva FG, Perez de Souza L, Fernie AR, Farnese FS. Evidence of drought memory in Dipteryx alata indicates differential acclimation of plants to savanna conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16455. [PMID: 33020558 PMCID: PMC7536413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable phytogeographic characteristics of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) resulted in a vegetation domain composed of plants with high structural and functional diversity to tolerate climate extremes. Here we used a key Cerrado species (Dipteryx alata) to evaluate if species of this domain present a mechanism of stress memory, responding more quickly and efficiently when exposed to recurrent drought episodes. The exposure of D. alata seedlings to drought resulted in several changes, mainly in physiological and biochemical traits, and these changes differed substantially when the water deficit was imposed as an isolated event or when the plants were subjected to drought cycles, suggesting the existence of a drought memory mechanism. Plants submitted to recurrent drought events were able to maintain essential processes for plant survival when compared to those submitted to drought for the first time. This differential acclimation to drought was the result of orchestrated changes in several metabolic pathways, involving differential carbon allocation for defense responses and the reprogramming and coordination of primary, secondary and antioxidant metabolism. The stress memory in D. alata is probably linked the evolutionary history of the species and reflects the environment in which it evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leticia F Sousa
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | | | - Maria L F Silva
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Sabrina E S Almeida
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiano G Silva
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Gölm, Germany
| | - Fernanda S Farnese
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil.
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Casiraghi FM, Landi M, Donnini S, Borlotti A, Zocchi G, Guidi L, Vigani G. Modulation of photorespiration and nitrogen recycling in Fe-deficient cucumber leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:142-150. [PMID: 32559518 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low Fe availability affects plant production mainly by impairing the photosynthetic pathway, since Fe plays an essential role in chlorophyll synthesis as well as in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Under these conditions, plant cells require the activation of protective mechanisms to prevent photo-inhibition. Among these mechanisms, photorespiration (PR) has been relatively little investigated in Fe-deficient plants. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of Fe deficiency on photorespiration by performing in vivo analysis in leaves as well as biochemical characterization of some PR-related enzyme activities in a peroxisome-purified fraction from cucumber leaves. Modelling of light response curves at both 21 and 2% pO2 revealed a slowing down of PR under Fe deficiency. The activity of some PR-involving enzymes as well as the contents of glycine and serine were affected under Fe deficiency. Furthermore, nitrate reductase, the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) cycle and hydroxypyruvate dehydrogenase isoform activities were differentially altered under Fe deficiency. The dataset indicates that, in Fe-deficient cucumber leaves, the modulation of PR involves the induction of some PR-related pathways, such as the photorespiratory N recycling and cytosolic photorespiratory bypass processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Donnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Borlotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Graziano Zocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia - Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Biologia Dei Sistemi, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Italy.
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Sattari Vayghan H, Tavalaei S, Grillon A, Meyer L, Ballabani G, Glauser G, Longoni P. Growth Temperature Influence on Lipids and Photosynthesis in Lepidium sativum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:745. [PMID: 32655589 PMCID: PMC7325982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature has a major impact on plant development and growth. In temperate climates, the seasonal temperature displays large variations that can affect the early stages of plant growth and development. Sessile organisms need to be capable of responding to these conditions, so that growth temperature induces morphological and physiological changes in the plant. Besides development, there are also important molecular and ultrastructural modifications allowing to cope with different temperatures. The chloroplast plays a crucial role in plant energetic metabolism and harbors the photosynthetic apparatus. The photosynthetic light reactions are at the interface between external physical conditions (light, temperature) and the cell biochemistry. Therefore, photosynthesis requires structural flexibility to be able to optimize its efficiency according to the changes of the external conditions. To investigate the effect of growth temperature on the photosynthetic apparatus, we followed the photosynthetic performances and analyzed the protein and lipid profiles of Lepidium sativum (cress) grown at three different temperatures. This revealed that plants developing at temperatures above the optimum have a lower photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, plants grown under elevated and low temperatures showed a different galactolipid profile, especially the amount of saturated galactolipids decreased at low temperature and increased at high temperature. From the analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, we assessed the impact of growth temperature on the re-oxidation of plastoquinone, which is the lipidic electron carrier of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. We show that, at low temperature, along with an increase of unsaturated structural lipids and plastochromanol, there is an increase of the plastoquinone oxidation rate in the dark. These results emphasize the importance of the thylakoid membrane composition in preserving the photosynthetic apparatus under non-optimal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Sattari Vayghan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shahrzad Tavalaei
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Armand Grillon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Léa Meyer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gent Ballabani
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Longoni
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Velikova V, Arena C, Izzo LG, Tsonev T, Koleva D, Tattini M, Roeva O, De Maio A, Loreto F. Functional and Structural Leaf Plasticity Determine Photosynthetic Performances during Drought Stress and Recovery in Two Platanus orientalis Populations from Contrasting Habitats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3912. [PMID: 32486179 PMCID: PMC7312932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of climatic change, more severe and long-lasting droughts will modify the fitness of plants, with potentially worse consequences on the relict trees. We have investigated the leaf phenotypic (anatomical, physiological and biochemical) plasticity in well-watered, drought-stressed and re-watered plants of two populations of Platanus orientalis, an endangered species in the west of the Mediterranean area. The two populations originated in contrasting climate (drier and warmer, Italy (IT) population; more humid and colder, Bulgaria (BG) population). The IT control plants had thicker leaves, enabling them to maintain higher leaf water content in the dry environment, and more spongy parenchyma, which could improve water conductivity of these plants and may result in easier CO2 diffusion than in BG plants. Control BG plants were also characterized by higher photorespiration and leaf antioxidants compared to IT plants. BG plants responded to drought with greater leaf thickness shrinkage. Drought also caused substantial reduction in photosynthetic parameters of both IT and BG plants. After re-watering, photosynthesis did not fully recover in either of the two populations. However, IT leaves became thicker, while photorespiration in BG plants further increased, perhaps indicating sustained activation of defensive mechanisms. Overall, our hypothesis, that plants with a fragmented habitat (i.e., the IT population) lose phenotypic plasticity but acquire traits allowing better resistance to the climate where they became adapted, remains confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Tsonko Tsonev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (O.R.)
| | | | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Olympia Roeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (O.R.)
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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Yamada S, Ozaki H, Noguchi K. The Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Maintains the Photosynthetic Electron Flow in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves under High-Light Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:283-295. [PMID: 31603217 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The plant respiratory chain includes the ATP-coupling cytochrome pathway (CP) and ATP-uncoupling alternative oxidase (AOX). Under high-light (HL) conditions, plants experience photoinhibition, leading to a damaged photosystem II (PSII). The respiratory chain is considered to affect PSII maintenance and photosynthetic electron transport under HL conditions. However, the underlying details remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the respiratory chain functions related to PSII maintenance and photosynthetic electron transport in plants exposed to HL stress. We measured the HL-induced decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII in the leaves of wild-type and AOX1a-knockout (aox1a) Arabidopsis thaliana plants in which CP was partially inhibited by a complex-III inhibitor. We also calculated PSII photodamage and repair rate constants. Both rate constants changed when CP was partially inhibited in aox1a plants, suggesting that the respiratory chain is related to both processes. Before HL stress, photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) decreased when CP was partially inhibited. After HL stress, aox1a in the presence of the CP inhibitor showed significantly decreased rates of LEF. The electron flow downstream from PSII and on the donor side of photosystem I may have been suppressed. The function of respiratory chain is required to maintain the optimal LEF as well as PSII maintenance especially under the HL stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoya Yamada
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
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PGR5 and NDH-1 systems do not function as protective electron acceptors but mitigate the consequences of PSI inhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148154. [PMID: 31935360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avoidance of photoinhibition at photosystem (PS)I is based on synchronized function of PSII, PSI, Cytochrome b6f and stromal electron acceptors. Here, we used a special light regime, PSI photoinhibition treatment (PIT), in order to specifically inhibit PSI by accumulating excess electrons at the photosystem (Tikkanen and Grebe, 2018). In the analysis, Arabidopsis thaliana WT was compared to the pgr5 and ndho mutants, deficient in one of the two main cyclic electron transfer pathways described to function as protective alternative electron acceptors of PSI. The aim was to investigate whether the PGR5 (pgr5) and the type I NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-1) (ndho) systems protect PSI from excess electron stress and whether they help plants to cope with the consequences of PSI photoinhibition. First, our data reveals that neither PGR5 nor NDH-1 system protects PSI from a sudden burst of electrons. This strongly suggests that these systems in Arabidopsis thaliana do not function as direct acceptors of electrons delivered from PSII to PSI - contrasting with the flavodiiron proteins that were found to make Physcomitrella patens PSI resistant to the PIT. Second, it is demonstrated that under light-limiting conditions, the electron transfer rate at PSII is linearly dependent on the amount of functional PSI in all genotypes, while under excess light, the PGR5-dependent control of electron flow at the Cytochrome b6f complex overrides the effect of PSI inhibition. Finally, the PIT is shown to increase the amount of PGR5 and NDH-1 as well as of PTOX, suggesting that they mitigate further damage to PSI after photoinhibition rather than protect against it.
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Timm S, Woitschach F, Heise C, Hagemann M, Bauwe H. Faster Removal of 2-Phosphoglycolate through Photorespiration Improves Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120563. [PMID: 31810232 PMCID: PMC6963629 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration metabolizes 2-phosphoglyolate (2-PG) to avoid inhibition of carbon assimilation and allocation. In addition to 2-PG removal, photorespiration has been shown to play a role in stress protection. Here, we studied the impact of faster 2-PG degradation through overexpression of 2-PG phosphatase (PGLP) on the abiotic stress-response of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Two transgenic lines and the wild type were subjected to short-time high light and elevated temperature stress during gas exchange measurements. Furthermore, the same lines were exposed to long-term water shortage and elevated temperature stresses. Faster 2-PG degradation allowed maintenance of photosynthesis at combined light and temperatures stress and under water-limiting conditions. The PGLP-overexpressing lines also showed higher photosynthesis compared to the wild type if grown in high temperatures, which also led to increased starch accumulation and shifts in soluble sugar contents. However, only minor effects were detected on amino and organic acid levels. The wild type responded to elevated temperatures with elevated mRNA and protein levels of photorespiratory enzymes, while the transgenic lines displayed only minor changes. Collectively, these results strengthen our previous hypothesis that a faster photorespiratory metabolism improves tolerance against unfavorable environmental conditions, such as high light intensity and temperature as well as drought. In case of PGLP, the likely mechanism is alleviation of inhibitory feedback of 2-PG onto the Calvin–Benson cycle, facilitating carbon assimilation and accumulation of transitory starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)381-4986115; Fax: +49-(0)381-4986112
| | - Franziska Woitschach
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str.6, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carolin Heise
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
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Rasool SG, Gulzar S, Hameed A, Edwards GE, Khan MA, Gul B. Maintenance of photosynthesis and the antioxidant defence systems have key roles for survival of Halopeplis perfoliata (Amaranthaceae) in a saline environment. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:1167-1175. [PMID: 31332917 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal salt marsh plants employ various combinations of morphological and physiological adaptations to survive under saline conditions. Little information is available on salinity tolerance mechanisms of Halopeplis perfoliata, a C3 stem succulent halophyte. We investigated the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defence mechanisms of H. perfoliata under saline conditions (0, 150, 300 and 600 mM NaCl) in an open greenhouse. Optimal shoot succulence, projected shoot area and relative growth rate were obtained in the low (150 mm NaCl) salinity treatment, while growth was inhibited at the highest salinity (600 mm NaCl). The CO2 compensation point and carbon isotope composition of biomass confirmed C3 photosynthesis. Increases in salinity did not affect the photosynthetic pigment content or maximum quantum efficiency of PSII of H. perfoliata. Assimilation of CO2 (A) also remained unaffected by salinity. A modest effect on some gas exchange and photochemistry parameters was observed at 600 mm NaCl. With increasing salinity, there was a continual increase in respiration, suggesting utilisation of energy to cope with saline conditions. Under 300 and 600 mm NaCl, there was an increase in H2 O2 and MDA with a concomitant rise in AsA, GR content and CAT activity. Hence, H. perfoliata appears to be an obligate halophyte that can grow up to seawater salinities by modulating photosynthetic gas exchange, photochemistry and the antioxidant defence systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Rasool
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Gulzar
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Hameed
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - G E Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - M A Khan
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - B Gul
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Mitochondrial AOX Supports Redox Balance of Photosynthetic Electron Transport, Primary Metabolite Balance, and Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana under High Light. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123067. [PMID: 31234590 PMCID: PMC6628045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When leaves receive excess light energy, excess reductants accumulate in chloroplasts. It is suggested that some of the reductants are oxidized by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Alternative oxidase (AOX), a non-energy conserving terminal oxidase, was upregulated in the photosynthetic mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, pgr5, which accumulated reductants in chloroplast stroma. AOX is suggested to have an important role in dissipating reductants under high light (HL) conditions, but its physiological importance and underlying mechanisms are not yet known. Here, we compared wild-type (WT), pgr5, and a double mutant of AOX1a-knockout plant (aox1a) and pgr5 (aox1a/pgr5) grown under high- and low-light conditions, and conducted physiological analyses. The net assimilation rate (NAR) was lower in aox1a/pgr5 than that in the other genotypes at the early growth stage, while the leaf area ratio was higher in aox1a/pgr5. We assessed detailed mechanisms in relation to NAR. In aox1a/pgr5, photosystem II parameters decreased under HL, whereas respiratory O2 uptake rates increased. Some intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and Calvin cycle decreased in aox1a/pgr5, whereas γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-rich amino acids increased in aox1a/pgr5. Under HL, AOX may have an important role in dissipating excess reductants to prevent the reduction of photosynthetic electron transport and imbalance in primary metabolite levels.
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Zhu L, Wang D, Sun J, Mu Y, Pu W, Ma B, Ren F, Yan W, Zhang Z, Li G, Li Y, Pan Y. Phenotypic and proteomic characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) albino lethal mutant sbe6-a1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:400-410. [PMID: 30981156 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for chloroplast development and photosynthetic mechanism research. Here, we characterized an EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate)-mutagenized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant, sbe6-a1, in which the severe disruption in chloroplast structure and a chlorophyll deficiency promote an albino leaf phenotype and lead to premature death. The proteomic analyses of mutant and its progenitor wild-type (WT) were performed using a Q Exactive plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer and 4,233 proteins were accurately quantitated. The function analysis showed that most of up-regulated proteins in mutant sbe6-a1 had not been well characterized. GO-enrichment analysis of the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) showed that up-regulated DAPs were significantly enriched in catabolic process and located in mitochondria, while down regulated DAPs were located in chloroplasts and participated in photosynthesis and some other processes. KEGG pathway-enrichment analyses indicated that the degradation and metabolic pathways of fatty acids, as well as some amino acids and secondary metabolites, were significantly enhanced in the mutant sbe6-a1, while photosynthesis-related pathways, some secondary metabolites' biosynthesis and ribosomal pathways were significantly inhibited. Analysis also shows that some DAPs, such as FBAs, MDHs, PEPC, ATP synthase, CABs, CHLM, PRPs, pathogenesis-related protein, sHSP, ACP2 and AOX may be closely associated with the albino phenotype. Our analysis will promote the understanding of the molecular phenomena that result in plant albino phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Daoping Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jiusheng Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, PR China
| | - Yongying Mu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Weijun Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Fuli Ren
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yubin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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de Oliveira HO, de Castro GLS, Correa LO, Silvestre WVD, do Nascimento SV, da Silva Valadares RB, de Oliveira GC, Santos RIN, Festucci-Buselli RA, Pinheiro HA. Coupling physiological analysis with proteomic profile to understand the photosynthetic responses of young Euterpe oleracea palms to drought. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:189-205. [PMID: 30357677 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether drought sensitivity in açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is associated with reductions in photosynthesis and increasing oxidative stress in response to down-regulation of proteins related to photosynthetic reactions, photorespiration, and antioxidant system. Well-watered (Control) and drought-stressed plants were compared when leaf water potential in stressed plants reached around - 1.5 and - 3.0 MPa, representing moderate and severe drought. Drought caused 84 and 96% decreases in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance. Stress-mediated changes in maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry were unobserved, but drought decreased photochemical quenching, actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport, and apparent electron transport rate (ETR). Moderate and severe drought induced, respectively, decreases and increases in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and 74 and 273% increases in ETR/Pn. Moderate drought down-regulated PSII protein D2, chlorophyll a-b binding protein 8, photosystem I reaction center subunit N, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, and transketolase; while severe drought down-regulated LHC II proteins, ferredoxin-NADP reductase, ATP synthase subunits ε and ß, and carbonic anhydrase isoform X2. The glutamate-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 and glycine dehydrogenase were down-regulated upon moderate drought, while catalase 2 and glycine cleavage system H protein 3 were up-regulated. Severe drought up-regulated glycolate oxidase, glycine cleavage system H protein 3, and aminomethyl transferase, but most of photorespiration-related proteins were only found in control plants. Down-regulation of chaperones and antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation in stressed plants were observed upon both stress severities. Therefore, the decreases in Pn and failure in preventing oxidative damages through adjustments in NPQ and photorespiration- and antioxidant-related proteins accounted for drought sensitivity in açaí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Oliveira de Oliveira
- Instituto Sócioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Oliveira Correa
- Instituto Sócioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodolfo Inacio Nunes Santos
- Instituto Sócioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Alves Pinheiro
- Instituto Sócioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil.
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Li X, Wei W, Li F, Zhang L, Deng X, Liu Y, Yang S. The Plastidial Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is Critical for Abiotic Stress Response in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1104. [PMID: 30836662 PMCID: PMC6429432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastidial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, GAPCp) are ubiquitous proteins that play pivotal roles in plant metabolism and are involved in stress response. However, the mechanism of GAPCp's function in plant stress resistance process remains unclear. Here we isolated, identified, and characterized the TaGAPCp1 gene from Chinese Spring wheat for further investigation. Subcellular localization assay indicated that the TaGAPCp1 protein was localized in the plastid of tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) protoplast. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) unraveled that the expression of TaGAPCp1 (GenBank: MF477938.1) was evidently induced by osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA). This experiment also screened its interaction protein, cytochrome b6-f complex iron sulfite subunit (Cyt b6f), from the wheat cDNA library using TaGAPCp1 protein as a bait via the yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H) and the interaction between Cyt b6f and TaGAPCp1 was verified by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay (BiFC). Moreover, H₂O₂ could also be used as a signal molecule to participate in the process of Cyt b6f response to abiotic stress. Subsequently, we found that the chlorophyll content in OE-TaGAPCp1 plants was significantly higher than that in wild type (WT) plants. In conclusion, our data revealed that TaGAPCp1 plays an important role in abiotic stress response in wheat and this stress resistance process may be completed by H₂O₂-mediated ABA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenjie Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fangfang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xia Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shushen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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