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Yang X, Liu L, Li R. How marital events explain the suicide rate among Chinese. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286961. [PMID: 37871007 PMCID: PMC10593240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims for this study was to prove the impacts of marital events (marriage rate, divorce rate and marriage squeeze), economic development, and social development on the suicide rate among urban and rural Chinese and reveal the differences in these impacts between urban and rural areas and between genders. METHODS An explanatory time-series analysis methodology was adopted to analyze the nation-wide data ranging from 1987-2017. RESULTS Marriage rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate among urban and rural men, and rural women; however, divorce rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate only among rural women. For the four groups, the economic development level measured by per capita GDP is a protective factor, while social development measured by urbanization and rural-urban labor migration rates in rural areas plays different roles. CONCLUSIONS Marriage and divorce rates were found to have different meanings for the four groups. This study offers a reference for designing relevant policies and projects to intervene in suicidal behaviors among different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Yang
- Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, associate Professor at Sports Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Li
- Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Berardelli I, Aguglia A, Cassioli E, Bersani FS, Longo L, Luciano M, Minichino A, Santambrogio J, Solmi M, Rossi R, Ribolsi M, Gattoni E, Monteleone AM. Suicide-Related Knowledge among Italian Early Career Psychiatrists and Trainees: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121619. [PMID: 36552079 PMCID: PMC9776389 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The training of mental health professionals is an important component of suicide-prevention programs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in different Italian regions to evaluate knowledge of, and attitudes toward, suicide as well as the experience of a patient's suicide or a suicide attempt in early career psychiatrists (ECPs) and trainees (N = 338). The Suicide Knowledge and Skills Questionnaire and the Impact of a Patient's Suicide on Professional and Personal Lives scale were administered. Furthermore, symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, and arousal were examined through the Impact of Event Scale in ECPs and trainees who had experienced the suicide of a patient or a suicide attempt. Participants with training were more confident in the clinical management of suicide-risk patients. The group with experience of a patient's suicide reported more suicide skills except for support and supervision. Finally, the participants who reported a patient's suicide presented a more conservative patient selection, difficulties in relationships, loss of self-esteem, dreams linked to suicide, intrusive thoughts of suicide, guilt, and anger. Our results show that knowledge of, and attitudes toward, suicide are essential in the management of suicide-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Berardelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-1353-7665
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Bersani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology University Unit, Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luisa Longo
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Amedeo Minichino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Jacopo Santambrogio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ribolsi
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gattoni
- Psychiatry Ward, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Cheung T, Lam SC, Lee PH, Xiang YT, Yip PSF. Global Imperative of Suicidal Ideation in 10 Countries Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:588781. [PMID: 33519545 PMCID: PMC7838349 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has had a detrimental impact on individuals' psychological well-being; however, a multi-country comparison on the prevalence of suicidal ideation due to the virus is still lacking. Objectives: To examine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among the general population across 10 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study which used convenience sampling and collected data by conducting an online survey. Participants were sourced from 10 Eastern and Western countries. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to measure the outcome variable of suicidal ideation. Ordinal regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors associated with suicidal ideation. Results: A total of 25,053 participants (22.7% male) were recruited. Results from the analysis showed that the UK and Brazil had the lowest odds of suicidal ideation compared to Macau (p < 0.05). Furthermore, younger age, male, married, and differences in health beliefs were significantly associated with suicidal ideation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for joint international collaboration to formulate effective suicide prevention strategies in a timely manner and the need to implement online mental health promotion platforms. In doing so, the potential global rising death rates by suicide during the pandemic can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ching Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Squina International Centre for Infection Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Hong Lee
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Tao Xiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Alicandro G, Grande E, Sebastiani G, Violante FS, La Vecchia C, Frova L. Mortality from suicide among agricultural, fishery, forestry and hunting workers in Italy and the contribution of work-related factors. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:117-124. [PMID: 33004435 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess risk of suicide has been reported among workers in agriculture, fishery, forestry and hunting (AFFH). However, there is still uncertainty in the quantification of the risk and in the contribution of work-related factors. We aimed to quantify the suicide mortality risk among these workers in Italy. METHODS We carried out a historical cohort study based on record linkage between the 2011 Italian census and the mortality archives for years 2012-2017. The mortality rate ratio (MRR) was used as a measure of risk. MRR was estimated through quasi-Poisson regression models using workers in other sectors as reference category. Models were adjusted for age, citizenship, marital status, area of residence, education, employment status and hours worked per week. RESULTS The cohort included 1 004 655 workers employed in the AFFH sector and 15 269 181 workers in other sectors. During the 6-year follow-up, 559 deaths from suicide (500 men and 59 women) occurred among AFFH workers and 5917 (4935 men and 982 women) among workers in other sectors. The MRR for suicide was 1.36 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.55) among men and 1.18 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.60) among women. The excess risk was remarkably high for casual and fixed-term contract workers (3.01, 95% CI 1.50 to 6.04). CONCLUSIONS Male workers in AFFH are at high risk of suicide mortality, and casual and fixed-term contract workers are at exceedingly high risk. Our study also suggests a higher risk among single, highly educated and long-hours workers. Female workers in AFFH do not have an appreciably increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Alicandro
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Grande
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sebastiani
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Violante
- Occupational Health Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Frova
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
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Lega I, Maraschini A, D'Aloja P, Andreozzi S, Spettoli D, Giangreco M, Vichi M, Loghi M, Donati S. Maternal suicide in Italy. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:199-206. [PMID: 31104119 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-019-00977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Suicide has been identified as one of the most common causes of death among women within 1 year after the end of pregnancy in several high-income countries. The aim of this study was to provide the first estimate of the maternal suicide ratio and a description of the characteristics of women who died by suicide during pregnancy or within 1 year after giving birth, induced abortion or miscarriage (i.e., maternal suicide) in 10 Italian regions, covering 77% of total national births. Maternal suicides were identified through the linkage between regional death registries and hospital discharge databases. Background population data was collected from the national hospital discharge, abortion and mortality databases. The previous psychiatric history of the women who died by maternal suicide was retrieved from the regionally available data sources. A total of 67 cases of maternal suicide were identified, corresponding to a maternal suicide ratio of 2.30 per 100,000 live births in 2006-2012. The suicide rate was 1.18 per 100,000 after giving birth (n = 2,876,193), 2.77 after an induced abortion (n = 650,549) and 2.90 after a miscarriage (n = 379,583). The majority of the women who died by maternal suicide (34/57) had a previous psychiatric history; 15/18 previously diagnosed mental disorders were not registered along with the index pregnancy obstetric records. Suicide is a relevant cause of maternal death in Italy. The continuity of care between primary, mental health and maternity care were found to be critical. Clinicians should be aware of the issue, as they may play an important role in preventing suicide in their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lega
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alice Maraschini
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola D'Aloja
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Andreozzi
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Spettoli
- SaPeRiDoC -Documentation Centre on Perinatal and Reproductive Health, Primary Care Service, Regional Health Authority of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Giangreco
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Vichi
- Service of Statistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Loghi
- Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance, Welfare and Justice - Directorate for Social Statistics and Population Census - ISTAT, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Donati
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Risk factors for suicide in rural Italy: a case-control study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:607-616. [PMID: 30460378 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased frequency of suicide in rural areas of Tuscany has been described since the 1970s. A case-control study was conducted in 2014 and 2015. The objective of this study was to identify major individual risk factors related to suicides in six rural districts of Tuscany. METHODS Cases were identified as all 128 suicides occurred in six rural districts between 2009 and 2013. Controls (three for each case) were matched for age, sex, and general practice. Information was collected from GPs using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to investigate the association between individual risk factors and suicide. RESULTS Informants for 91 cases of the 128 identified cases were successfully interviewed (response rate 71.1%). About 40.5-65.9% suicide cases and 11.4-20.0% of controls had some psychiatric pathology, accordingly to different definitions. Univariate conditional regression analysis showed that living in isolated houses (OR 2.48), living alone (OR 2.97), not being married (OR 2.63), low income (OR 2.73), psychiatric pathology (OR 9.70), psychotropic medication (OR 5.58), problems with relatives (OR 14.78), psychiatric family history (OR 5.67), and suicidal ideation (OR 15.61) were all risk factors. Practising religion (OR 0.27) was the only protective factor identified. Multivariate regression identified two independently and significantly associated variables namely, psychiatric pathology (OR 8.87) and living alone (OR 2.30). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study showed, similarly to recent research, that not all suicide events are the results of psychiatric pathology. Prevention strategies should, therefore, target both socio-economic and clinical risk factors.
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Romero-Pimentel AL, Mendoza-Morales RC, Fresan A, Garcia-Dolores F, Gonzalez-Saenz EE, Morales-Marin ME, Nicolini H, Borges G. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Completed Suicides in Mexico City 2014-2015. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:402. [PMID: 30245640 PMCID: PMC6137233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze sex differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who died by suicide in Mexico City. Method: Statistical analysis of residents of Mexico City whose cause of death was suicide, during two years period from January 2014 to December 2015, with a coroner's report. Suicide mortality rates were calculated by age, sex, and location within the city. The Chi-squared test was used to assess statistical differences. Results: From January 2014 to December 2015, 990 residents of Mexico City died by suicide (men: 78.28%, women: 21.72%). Among males, the highest mortality rates were among the groups of 20-24 and 75-79 years old, whereas in women, the group with the highest mortality rate was 15 to 19 years old. 74% of the sample used hanging as suicide method. However, men had higher rates of a positive result in the toxicology test (40%) (p < 0.05). There was no concordance between male and female suicide by city jurisdictions. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that the characteristics of Mexico City's residents who committed suicide had significant sex-related differences, including where they used to live. Understanding the contributory factors associated with completed suicide is essential for the development of effective preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Romero-Pimentel
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Fresan
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Garcia-Dolores
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la CDMX, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Marital status integration and suicide: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Soc Sci Med 2018; 197:116-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cevik Y, Kelleci M, Golbasi Z, Caykoylu A, Das M. Epidemiological Survey and Mspss Scores of 260 Suicide Attempters Presenting to Two Emergency Departments in Turkey. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791101800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of suicide attempt cases who were admitted to the emergency departments and to determine their level of social support and related factors by using multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). Methods This study was conducted simultaneously in two different centres between February 23 and June 31, 2009. Totally 260 suicidal cases who were admitted to the emergency departments were included in the study after obtaining the consents. Related derived data were collected with a questionnaire. The questionnaire determined epidemiological characteristics of suicide attempters by using MSPSS derived data. The data were analysed with percentage, mean, t test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test. Results About 70% of all cases were female and 63.1% of them were between 16 and 25 years of age. The main causes leading to suicide attempts were family problems (41.9%), financial problems (11.2%), and peer suicide attempts (5.4%). Drug use was the most common suicide method both in males and females. The MSPSS score was 52.47±17.81 (mean±SD, range=12-84). While being a member of a broken family, being widow/divorced, previously diagnosed mental disorder affected social support scores negatively, being a student or having a high level of education affected scores positively. Conclusion Family problems, financial problems, 16-25 age group, female sex, being divorced/widowed, being a member of broken family, chronic physical and psychological problems, and lower level of perceived social support are main characteristics associated with suicide attempts. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2011;18:412-420)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Kelleci
- Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Z Golbasi
- Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Sivas, Turkey
| | - A Caykoylu
- Ankara Ataturk Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Das
- Ankara Ataturk Research and Training Hospital, Department of Emergency, Ankara, Turkey
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Risk of Suicide and Dysfunctional Patterns of Personality among Bereaved Substance Users. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030316. [PMID: 28335530 PMCID: PMC5369152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research has shown that suicide is a phenomenon highly present among the drug dependent population. Different studies have demonstrated an upraised level of comorbidity between personality disorders (PD) and substance use disorders (SUD). This study aimed to describe which PDs are more frequent among those patients with a risk of suicide. Methods: The study was based on a consecutive non-probabilistic convenience sample of 196 bereaved patients attended to in a Public Addiction Center in Girona (Spain). Sociodemographic data, as well as suicide and drug related characteristics were recorded. The risk of suicide was assessed with the Spanish version of “Risk of suicide”. Personality disorders were measured with the Spanish version of Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory. Results: The PDs more associated with the presence of risk of suicide were depressive, avoidant, schizotypal and borderline disorders. However, the histrionic, narcissistic and compulsive PDs are inversely associated with risk of suicide even though the narcissistic scale had no statistical correlation. Conclusions: The risk of suicide is a significant factor to take into account related to patients with SUD and especially with the presence of specific PDs. These findings underline the importance of diagnosing and treating rigorously patients with SUD.
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Pompili M, Vichi M, Dinelli E, Pycha R, Valera P, Albanese S, Lima A, De Vivo B, Cicchella D, Fiorillo A, Amore M, Girardi P, Baldessarini RJ. Relationships of local lithium concentrations in drinking water to regional suicide rates in Italy. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 16:567-74. [PMID: 26230215 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1062551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher natural concentrations of lithium in drinking water may be associated with lower local rates of suicide. METHODS Lithium concentrations in drinking water were assayed by mass spectrometry at 145 sites in Italy, and compared with reported local suicide rates for men and women between 1980 and 2011. RESULTS Lithium concentrations in drinking water averaged 5.28 [CI: 4.08-6.48] μg/L (0.761 [0.588-0.934] μEq/L) and ranged from 0.110 to 60.8 μg/L (1.58 to 8.76 μEq/L). Lithium concentrations and local suicide rates were not significantly inversely related, except in 1980-1989, particularly among women. CONCLUSIONS A proposed association between trace lithium concentrations in drinking water and risk of suicide was only partially supported, and mechanisms for potential clinical effects of trace levels of lithium are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pompili
- a Department of Neurosciences , Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy
| | - Monica Vichi
- b National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Enrico Dinelli
- c Department of Biological , Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roger Pycha
- d Department of Psychiatry , Brunico , Italy
| | - Paolo Valera
- e Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture , University of Cagliari , Cagliari Italy
| | - Stefano Albanese
- f Department of Earth Sciences , University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Annamaria Lima
- f Department of Earth Sciences , University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Benedetto De Vivo
- f Department of Earth Sciences , University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Domenico Cicchella
- g Department of Science and Technology , University of Sannio , Benevento , Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- h Department of Psychiatry , University of Naples SUN , Naples , Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- i Department of Neuroscience , Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- a Department of Neurosciences , Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy
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Associations between marital and educational status and risk of completed suicide in Hungary. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:777-783. [PMID: 26625089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates in Hungary are notoriously high. According to the literature, marital and educational status are associated with suicidal behaviour and these associations are somewhat influenced by gender. Since in Hungary these associations have not yet been investigated by means of large-scale multivariate epidemiological studies we aimed to investigate these in the current paper. METHOD Census data on marital and educational status, age and gender from 1980, 1990, 2001 and 2011 were used for the general population. Corresponding data from the same years for suicide victims derived from the Hungarian Demographic Register. Suicide victims younger than 20 years were excluded. Negative binomial regression analyses were used to reveal the effects of the above variables on suicide. All statistical procedures were conducted using Stata 12 software (StataCorp. 2011). RESULTS Female gender, young age, higher educational attainment and marriage were significantly associated with decreased risks of suicide. Intriguingly, effects of educational and marital status on suicide were stronger in males. LIMITATIONS Data on the length of the periods between changes in marital status and suicides were unavailable. Our four categories are not suitable to cover the whole gamut of marital statuses in a modern society (e.g. we did not have a specific category for people living in cohabitation). Ecological study design. CONCLUSION We found that in Hungary between 1980 and 2011 the effects of some frequently investigated societal factors (e.g. educational and marital status) on suicide risk were very similar to those found in the majority of other countries. The effects of studied determinants of suicide have not changed dramatically over the past three decades in Hungary.
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13
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Yi SW, Hong JS. Depressive symptoms and other risk factors predicting suicide in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study among Korean Vietnam War veterans. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1071. [PMID: 26157634 PMCID: PMC4493683 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Few studies have prospectively examined whether depressive symptoms and other risk factors are associated with a higher risk of suicide death in individuals other than high-risk populations such as psychiatric patients and individuals with self-harm histories. The purpose of the study is to prospectively examine whether depressive symptoms assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are associated with greater risk of suicide death and whether depressive symptoms and other risk factors are independent predictors of suicide in general-risk populations. Another aim is to evaluate the sensitivity of the BDI for predicting suicide death. Methods. 10,238 Korean Vietnam War veterans (mean age: 56.3 years) who participated in two surveys in 2001 were followed up for suicide mortality over 7.5 years. Results. 41 men died by suicide. Severely depressed participants had a higher adjusted hazard ratio (aHR = 3.4; 95% CI [1.5–7.7]) of suicide than non-to-moderately depressed ones. Higher suicide risk was associated with more severe depressive symptoms (p for trend = 0.009). After adjustment for depressive symptoms and other factors, very poor health, low education, and past drinking were associated with higher suicide risk, while good health, body mass index, and marital status were not associated with suicide. The sensitivity at the cut-off score of 31 for detecting suicide was higher during the earlier 3.5 years of the follow-up (75%; 95% CI [50–90]) than during the latter 4 years (60%; 95% CI [41–76]). Conclusions. Depressive symptoms are a strong independent predictor and very poor health, low education, and drinking status may be independent predictors of future suicide. The BDI may have acceptable diagnostic properties as a risk assessment tool for identifying people with depression and suicidal potential among middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine , Gangneung , Republic of Korea ; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University , Gangneung , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Hong
- Department of Healthcare Management, Cheongju University College of Health Sciences , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
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Paraschakis A, Michopoulos I, Christodoulou C, Koutsaftis F, Lykouras L, Douzenis A. A 2-year psychological autopsy study of completed suicides in the athens greater area, Greece. Psychiatry Investig 2015; 12:212-7. [PMID: 25866522 PMCID: PMC4390592 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.2.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the characteristics of a sample of suicide victims from the Athens Greater Area using the psychological autopsy method for the first time in Greece. METHODS We studied all recorded cases of completed suicide for the 2-year time period November 2007-October 2009 collecting data from the victims' forensic records as well as from the completion of a psychological autopsy questionnaire. RESULTS 335 persons were recorded as suicide victims. We contacted relatives of 256 victims interviewing those of 248 of them (96.9%). The differences regarding sex, marital and employment status between our sample and the general population were statistically significant (p<0.001). The male/female ratio was 3:1. Comparatively more victims were divorced, separated or single and a greater proportion were pensioners or unemployed. 26.0% of the victims had history of prior attempts (64.4% once, 20.3% twice and 15.3% more times). 42.6% were taking psychiatric medication-significantly more women than men according to blood tests; 14.2% had been hospitalized in a psychiatric clinic the year prior to their death. 84.8% have deceased at the place of suicide and 15.2% died in the hospital; 80.3% died indoors and 19.7% outdoors. Men died primarily by hanging or shooting by a firearm while women preferred jumping from height instead (p<0.001). As many as 48.8% had expressed their intention to die to their relatives; 26.6% left a suicide note. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that the psychological autopsy method is applicable and widely accepted yielding results comparable to the international literature. Specific parameters associated with suicide have been studied for the first time in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Michopoulos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, "Attikon" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Christodoulou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, "Attikon" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Lefteris Lykouras
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, "Attikon" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Douzenis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, "Attikon" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Naidoo SS, Naidoo U, Naidoo A. Unmasking depression in persons attempting suicide. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.1002219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Yip PS, Yousuf S, Chan CH, Yung T, Wu KCC. The roles of culture and gender in the relationship between divorce and suicide risk: A meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 2015; 128:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Naidoo SS, Gathiram P, Schlebusch L. Effectiveness of a Buddy intervention support programme for suicidal behaviour in a primary care setting. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.980159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Masferrer L, Garre-Olmo J, Caparros B. Risk of suicide: its occurrence and related variables among bereaved substance users. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2014.998733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Marital status and suicidal ideation among Australian older adults: the mediating role of sense of belonging. Int Psychogeriatr 2015; 27:145-54. [PMID: 25101552 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610214001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marriage has been identified as a protective factor in relation to suicide among older adults. The current study aimed to investigate whether sense of belonging mediated the marital status-suicidal ideation relationship, and whether gender moderated the mediation model. It was hypothesized that the relationship between being widowed and lower levels of sense of belonging, and between lower levels of belonging and higher levels of suicidal ideation, would be stronger for older men than older women. METHODS A community sample of Australian men (n = 286) and women (n = 383) aged from 65 to 98 years completed the psychological subscale of the Sense of Belonging Instrument and the suicide subscale of the General Health Questionnaire. RESULTS The results supported the moderated mediation model, with gender influencing the marital status-sense of belonging relation. For men, widowhood was associated with lower levels of belongingness, whereas for women, marital status was unrelated to sense of belonging. CONCLUSIONS It would appear crucial to develop and implement interventions which assist older men to find new ways to feel important and valued after the death of their spouse.
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Naidoo SS, Schlebusch L. Sociodemographic characteristics of persons committing suicide in Durban, South Africa: 2006-2007. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2014; 6:E1-7. [PMID: 26245393 PMCID: PMC4502884 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicidal behaviour is a leading contributor to the burden of disease worldwide and varies widely between countries. South African figures are amongst the highest in the world, with recent trends indicating a disturbing rise, especially amongst the younger age groups, across all races. Aim This study analysed sociodemographic characteristics and trends relating to suicides committed in Durban, South Africa during the period of 2006–2007. Method A retrospective analysis of suicidal deaths (during 2006–2007), extracted from autopsy registers at all three government-run mortuaries in Durban, was conducted. Results The total number of suicides in Durban increased by 6.68% from 2006 to 2007. Suicide accounted for an average of 8.8% of all non-natural deaths per year of the study. The overall suicide rates of 14.53 (2006) and 15.53 (2007) per 100 000 population are comparable with national and global figures. The majority of suicides occurred in single unemployed persons, men and younger age groups. The largest number of suicides per year was recorded in black people, followed by Indian, white and mixed-race people. Hanging was the preferred method in the majority of victims, followed by self-poisoning, shooting and jumping. Conclusions The findings indicate a disturbingly high suicide rate amongst the various population and age groups in Durban. The dominant methods used may be influenced by ease of access. The reported trends may worsen unless there is a swift and decisive public health response and cohesive community-based programmes which include a supportive multidisciplinary network.
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Rihmer Z, Gonda X, Kapitany B, Dome P. Suicide in Hungary-epidemiological and clinical perspectives. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2013; 12:21. [PMID: 23803500 PMCID: PMC3698008 DOI: 10.1186/1744-859x-12-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual suicide rates of Hungary were unexpectedly high in the previous century. In our narrative review, we try to depict, with presentation of the raw data, the main descriptive epidemiological features of the Hungarian suicide scene of the past decades. Accordingly, we present the annual suicide rates of the period mentioned and also data on how they varied by gender, age, urban vs. rural living, seasons, marital status, etc. Furthermore, the overview of trends of other factors that may have influenced suicidal behavior (e.g., alcohol and tobacco consumption, antidepressant prescription, unemployment rate) in the past decades is appended as well. Based on raw data and also on results of the relevant papers of Hungarian suicidology we tried to explain the observable trends of the Hungarian suicide rate. Eventually, we discuss the results, the possibilities, and the future tasks of suicide prevention in Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Rihmer
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Milner A, Hjelmeland H, Arensman E, Leo DD. Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/sm.2013.32021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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[Recommendations for the prevention and management of suicidal behaviour]. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2012; 5:8-23. [PMID: 22854500 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidal behaviour is a major public health issue. Suicidal behaviour is one of the main causes of years of life lost and it is the third leading cause of death among young adults. This project was initiated by the Spanish Society of Psychiatry and the Spanish Society of Biological Psychiatry with the aim of providing a document containing the main recommendations on the prevention and management of suicidal behaviour; these recommendations should be based on the best available evidence and the experts' opinion. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this article we summarize the review of the available evidence on the epidemiology and impact of suicidal behaviour, risk and protective factors, evaluation tools for the assessment of suicide risk, international and local preventive protocols, educational interventions for health professionals, and potential interventions for at risk populations. RESULTS Based on this review, a panel of psychiatrists summarized and agreed a set of recommendations about the impact, prevention and management of suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSION The recommendations on the prevention and management of suicidal behaviour were summarized in the ten conclusions reported in this article.
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Pompili M, Innamorati M, Vichi M, Masocco M, Vanacore N, Lester D, Serafini G, Tatarelli R, De Leo D, Girardi P. Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy. CRISIS 2011; 32:178-85. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- McLean Hospital – Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Monica Vichi
- Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Masocco
- Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - David Lester
- The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, NJ, USA
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Tatarelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Haas AP, Eliason M, Mays VM, Mathy RM, Cochran SD, D'Augelli AR, Silverman MM, Fisher PW, Hughes T, Rosario M, Russell ST, Malley E, Reed J, Litts DA, Haller E, Sell RL, Remafedi G, Bradford J, Beautrais AL, Brown GK, Diamond GM, Friedman MS, Garofalo R, Turner MS, Hollibaugh A, Clayton PJ. Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: review and recommendations. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2011; 58:10-51. [PMID: 21213174 PMCID: PMC3662085 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2011.534038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite strong indications of elevated risk of suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, limited attention has been given to research, interventions or suicide prevention programs targeting these populations. This article is a culmination of a three-year effort by an expert panel to address the need for better understanding of suicidal behavior and suicide risk in sexual minority populations, and stimulate the development of needed prevention strategies, interventions and policy changes. This article summarizes existing research findings, and makes recommendations for addressing knowledge gaps and applying current knowledge to relevant areas of suicide prevention practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Haas
- American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York 10005, USA.
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