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Piiroinen I, Tuomainen TP, Tolmunen T, Kraav SL, Jarroch R, Voutilainen A. Change in sense of coherence mediates the association between economic recession and mortality among middle-aged men: A population-based cohort study from Eastern Finland. Soc Sci Med 2023; 332:116127. [PMID: 37531907 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
A financial recession has been associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality, but little is known about how psychosocial fluctuations in stress tolerance or orientation to life affect this association. Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a core construct in the Salutogenic Model of Health and is determined by generalized resistance resources and measures one's orientation to life by comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. We followed the mortality of a cohort of middle-aged Finnish men (n = 854) from the 1980s to the end of 2019. The cohort baseline was stratified into four age groups at baseline: 42, 48, 54, and 60. SOC was measured twice, at the baseline and at the 11-year follow-up visit. Between these SOC measurements, Finland confronted a deep financial recession, the effects of which were examined at the follow-up visit by questionnaires related to economic hardship (sum of nine items) and experience of the recession (one item). Using age group, marital status, employment status, and education as covariates, the change in SOC mediated both the economic hardship and the experience of recession relations to mortality: the indirect effects -19.57 (95% CI -43.23 to -0.92), and -26.82 (95% CI -59.52 to -0.61), respectively. Every one-point increase in economic hardship predicted about 2 and a half weeks shorter life expectancy, and those who experienced very strong disadvantages of economic recession had about 3 and a half months lower life expectancy by the end of 2019 than those who fully avoided the disadvantages. Furthermore, the younger age groups, 42 and 48, experienced the recession more severely than the older groups, 54 and 60. We conclude that following how orientation to life changes among middle-aged might be an informative approach after a recession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Piiroinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; School of Social Services and Health Care, Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Finland.
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine / Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Rand Jarroch
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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Maagaard M, Eckerström F, Schram AL, Jensen HAR, Hjortdal V. Health and Well-Being in Older Adults With a Surgically Closed or an Unrepaired Ventricular Septal Defect. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028538. [PMID: 37548158 PMCID: PMC10492940 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Older adults with a congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD) recently exhibited reduced heart rate variability and exercise capacity. It is unknown whether these findings affect health-related quality of life. Methods and Results Adults with VSDs and healthy controls, all concurrently included as part of another clinical study, completed the Danish National Health Survey questionnaire. Questionnaire data distributed to the general population were included and matched 10:1 with patients. Thirty patients with surgically closed VSDs (mean±SD age, 51±8 years), 300 adults from the general population (mean±SD age, 50±8 years), and 30 controls (mean±SD age, 51±9 years), as well as 30 patients with unrepaired VSDs (mean±SD age, 55±11 years), 300 adults from the general population (mean±SD age, 55±12 years), and 30 controls (mean±SD age, 55±10 years) completed the questionnaire. Educational level, social relations, and physical activity were comparable between groups. A larger proportion of patients with unrepaired VSDs compared with the general population experienced migraine (47% versus 24%; P=0.04), whereas more patients with surgically closed VSDs were affected by depression (13% versus 4%; P=0.02). For health-related quality of life, patients with surgically closed VSDs reported lower physical functioning (P<0.01), physical component summary (P<0.01), general health perception (P<0.01), and higher stress score (P=0.03) compared with the general population and healthy controls. Patients with unrepaired VSDs reported lower scores on physical functioning (P=0.03), bodily pain (P<0.01), and mental health (P=0.02), and a higher stress score (P=0.03), than controls. Conclusions Older patients with VSDs report lower self-perceived physical functioning, lower general health, and higher stress levels, all in line with previous findings, like lower exercise capacity and dysfunctional cognitive abilities, in adults with VSDs. Incessant follow-up is paramount, as neither successfully closed nor hemodynamically insignificant VSD is equivalent with untroubled healthy aging. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03684161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maagaard
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Filip Eckerström
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anne‐Sif Lund Schram
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Vibeke Hjortdal
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
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Salehi N, Afrashteh MY, Majzoobi MR, Ziapour A, Janjani P, Karami S. Does coping with pain help the elderly with cardiovascular disease? The association of sense of coherence, spiritual well-being and self-compassion with quality of life through the mediating role of pain self-efficacy. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:393. [PMID: 37380975 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population ageing is considered one of the biggest challenges facing the world, and the status of the elderly in society and their quality of life (QOL) have proved to be a concern in professional and scientific research circles. As a result, the current study sought to investigate the role of pain self-efficacy (PSE) as a moderator in the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC), spiritual well-being, and self-compassion with QOL in Iranian elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHOD This was a correlational study of the path analysis type. The statistical population included all elderly people with CVD who were at least 60 years of age in Kermanshah Province, Iran, in 2022, of whom 298 (181 men and 117 women) were selected using convenience sampling and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants answered questionnaires from the World Health Organization on QOL, Paloutzian and Ellison's spiritual well-being, Nicholas's PSE, Antonovsky's SOC, and Raes et al.'s self-compassion. RESULTS The results of path analysis demonstrated that the hypothesized model of this study has a good fit in the studied sample. There were significant paths between SOC (β = 0.39), spiritual well-being (β = 0.13) and self-compassion (β = 0.44) with PSE. Although there were significant paths between SOC (β = 0.16) and self-compassion (β = 0.31) with QOL, there was no significant path between spiritual well-being and QOL (β = 0.06). Besides, there was a significant path between PSE and QOL (β = 0.35). Finally, PSE was found to mediate the relationship of SOC, spiritual well-being and self-compassion with QOL. CONCLUSION The results may provide psychotherapists and counselors working in this field of inquiry with advantageous information to choose or create a useful therapeutic method to work with the elderly with CVD. Meanwhile, other researchers are suggested to examine other variables which may serve a mediating role in the mentioned model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Salehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Imam-Ali hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Majzoobi
- Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, , University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Arash Ziapour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Imam-Ali hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Janjani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Imam-Ali hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Sahar Karami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Imam-Ali hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Muroi K, Ishitsuka M, Hori D, Doki S, Ikeda T, Takahashi T, Sasahara S, Matsuzaki I. A high sense of coherence can mitigate suicidal ideation associated with insomnia. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2023; 11:309-320. [PMID: 38178965 PMCID: PMC10762302 DOI: 10.5114/hpr/163068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate whether insomnia is associated with suicidal ideation (SI) among Japanese workers by conducting a multi-level analysis with sense of coherence (SOC) as a random effect. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 19,481 workers in Tsukuba, Japan. Data from 7,175 participants aged 20-65 years were included in the analysis. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used as the independent variable, and SI over the past year was used as the dependent variable. SOC was measured using the five-point SOC-13 scale, and socioeconomic and health factors were investigated as covariates. Participants were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high) based on their SOC scores. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS In the high-SOC group, only one person had SI. In a multi-level logistic analysis that excluded the high SOC group, insomnia was found to be associated with SI (OR = 2.26, 95% CI [1.75, 2.93]). Furthermore, the AIS sub-items "Final awakening earlier than desired" (OR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.05, 1.50]) and "Sense of well-being during the day" (OR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.34, 1.99]) were associated with SI. 8.95% or 11% of the variation in the presence or absence of SI was found to be explained by differences between SOC groups. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights that insomnia is associated with SI, and that high SOC may reduce SI even under insomnia. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether high SOC reduces SI due to insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Muroi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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5
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Smrekar M, Zaletel-Kragelj L, Ledinski Fičko S, Čukljek S, Kurtović B, Hošnjak AM, Franko A. Strength of Sense of Coherence among Nurses and the Relationship between Socio-Demographic and Work-Related Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105786. [PMID: 37239515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sense of coherence (SOC) occupies the central place within the salutogenic model. It is an important contributor to the development and maintenance of people's health. This study aimed to assess the strength of sense of coherence (SOC) among nurses and the relationship between the strength of SOC and socio-demographic and work-related factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Linear regression was used to describe strength of association between SOC and socio-demographic and work-related factors. A total of 713/1300 nurses completed an SOC-29-item questionnaire for the assessment of SOC. The mean value for total SOC score (SOCS) was 145.0 points (SD 22.1, range 81-200). The results of the multivariate linear regression revealed statistically significant positive associations between SOCS and age (>40 years), level of education (master of nursing and bachelor of nursing), and transportation mode by car. Our study suggested SOC as an important and influential health-promoting personal resource of nurses which might offer protection regarding work-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smrekar
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lijana Zaletel-Kragelj
- Chair of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Ledinski Fičko
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Čukljek
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Kurtović
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Hošnjak
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Franko
- Chair of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grabloviceva 42, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sanna F, Galletta M, Koelen M, Contu P. Development of Sense of Coherence Stability in the AGORA Healthy Ageing Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14190. [PMID: 36361070 PMCID: PMC9657695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sense of coherence (SOC) is a psycho-social trait formed in childhood or adolescence, allowing individuals to be more resilient to daily life stressors, stay well, and improve their personal health. Although SOC remains stable after the age of thirty, only a few studies investigated its stability in adulthood. The aim was to investigate the development of SOC over time in 489 participants and its association with age, gender, educational level, or negative life events. The study was performed as part of the Healthy Ageing project of the Academic Collaborative Centre AGORA, a longitudinal study involving four municipalities of Eastern Netherlands. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to monitor the SOC of the elderly in 2008, 2010, and 2013, using the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-13). The analysis included repeated-measures ANOVA analysis and bivariate analysis using Pearson's chi square test. We found no statistically significant variation in SOC over time (F (2, 282) = 2.99, p = 0.052) and no significant association with age (F (2, 282) = 2.851, p = 0.06), gender (F (2, 282) = 0.845, p = 0.43), or educational level (F (2, 282) = 0.708, p = 0.49). SOC remained stable in the elderly population, even if they experienced negative events over their lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sanna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Blocco I, SS 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Blocco I, SS 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Koelen
- Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Blocco I, SS 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Sundberg K, Nilsson M, Petersson LM, Kenne Sarenmalm E, Langius-Eklöf A. The sense of coherence scale in a clinical nursing perspective: A scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:1428-1439. [PMID: 34570928 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of sense of coherence explains a person's resources to maintain health during times of considerable strain and is suggested to be applicable in nursing. A summary of how it has been applied and adapted in clinical nursing is warranted for further conceptual development and research. OBJECTIVE The scoping review aimed to explore how the sense of coherence scale has been used from a clinical nursing research perspective. METHOD Published articles (N = 2812) through December 2018 were identified in the PubMed, Cinahl and PsychInfo databases. A total of 298 articles were included in the review. A five-stage process was used to extract data based on pre-determined selection criteria. Summative content analysis was used for the categorisation of the data. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was chosen. RESULTS A majority of the articles were published within the Nordic countries and the short version SOC-13 was the most frequently used scale. Most studies stated the significant relationship of a higher sense of coherence and higher emotional and psychosocial well-being, quality of life, and well-being irrespective of condition. Other articles proposed identifying patients' degree of sense of coherence either to individualise care or to plan an intervention to strengthen sense of coherence. CONCLUSIONS The sense of coherence scale has been widely used within nursing and identified as an important factor to individualise care. Future research should focus on rigorous intervention studies to determine if recognising patients' degree of sense of coherence in clinical nursing enables tailored care for patients when dealing with a disease-related condition. More evidence is needed when seeking to improve sense of coherence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE These results show an expansion of the concept of sense of coherence and endorses its use in nursing care for identifying patients' needs in the process of presenting individualised care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Sundberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Function Area Social Work in Health Care, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena-Marie Petersson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicin, Capio St Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Kenne Sarenmalm
- Research, Development, Education and Innovation, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.,Institute of Health and Care Science and University of Gothenburg, Centre for Person-Centred Care Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Langius-Eklöf
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Misamer M, Signerski-Krieger J, Bartels C, Belz M. Internal Locus of Control and Sense of Coherence Decrease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Students and Professionals in Social Work. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2021; 6:705809. [PMID: 34604376 PMCID: PMC8479157 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.705809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mental health is severely challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic due to a variety of restrictions in public and private life. Students in particular may face additional and unique stressors: face-to-face classes have been largely replaced by digital formats, leading to further reduced social contacts, thus facilitating the development of psychological symptoms. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of the current peri-pandemic situation on students' 1) locus of control and 2) sense of coherence, both of which have been linked to mental health in previous work. A total of 403 social work students from Germany participated, providing both retrospective (pre-pandemic) and current (February/March 2021) ratings. Furthermore, 324 social work professionals were included to analyze differences between both groups. Locus of control shifted significantly from internal to external during the pandemic for students and professionals. Furthermore, high mental burden correlated with increased external and decreased internal locus of control. Sense of coherence decreased during the pandemic for the entire sample and correlated with high mental burden. Overall, students showed a stronger drop compared to professionals, primarily due to a more pronounced decrease in perceived meaningfulness (all p < 0.001). In summary, students and professionals responded with increased feelings of powerlessness in the absence of sufficient coping strategies-this could lead to further deterioration of mental health as the pandemic continues. In this context, students appear to be particularly vulnerable to a reduction in sense of coherence. We conclude that interventions to improve coping strategies are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Misamer
- HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Signerski-Krieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Belz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Danioni F, Sorgente A, Barni D, Canzi E, Ferrari L, Ranieri S, Iafrate R, Regalia C, Rosnati R, Lanz M. Sense of Coherence and COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 155:657-677. [PMID: 34289329 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.1952151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong restrictive measures adopted in 2020 against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy have deeply affected the general population's mental health. In the current longitudinal study, we specifically focus on sense of coherence (SOC), both in terms of comprehensibility/manageability and meaningfulness, among a large sample of Italian adults; SOC is a potential resource likely to foster the ability to cope with stressors. A total of 2,191 Italian participants (65.8% female) aged 18-82 completed an anonymous online self-report questionnaire at Time 1 (during the lockdown, March 2020) and at Time 2 (at the resumption of most activities, July 2020). The Repeated Measures Latent Profile Analysis (RMLPA) allowed us to identify seven different SOC profiles based on the change in both SOC dimensions, ranging from a strong "crisis" in terms of this resource in the face of the pandemic to a solid possibility to count on it. Interestingly, female and younger respondents were more likely to belong to those profiles characterized by lower levels of SOC, and these profiles have specific relations with fear and wellbeing. The implications of these results and the further expansion of the study are discussed.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2021.1952151 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Danioni
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Daniela Barni
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo
| | - Elena Canzi
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Laura Ferrari
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Sonia Ranieri
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Raffaella Iafrate
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Rosa Rosnati
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Margherita Lanz
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
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10
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Macià D, Cattaneo G, Solana J, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. Meaning in Life: A Major Predictive Factor for Loneliness Comparable to Health Status and Social Connectedness. Front Psychol 2021; 12:627547. [PMID: 33716892 PMCID: PMC7943478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Loneliness is the subjective distress of feeling alone and has a strong impact on wellbeing and health. In addition to well-known predictors like isolation and poor health, a better understanding of the psychological determinants of loneliness would offer effective targets for future complementary interventions. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study (N = 2,240), we compared the explanatory power of several important risk factors of loneliness with the affective, motivational, and cognitive aspects of the Meaning in Life (MiL) construct. Different nested linear models were compared including socio-demographic, lifestyles, social-connectedness, and self-rated health variables, to assess the overlapping and non-overlapping explanatory power of each of them. Results: Health status and MiL were found to be the most important predictors of loneliness, followed by social connectedness and, with a much lower weight, lifestyles, and socio-demographic factors. Within the MiL factor, the most cognitive component, sense of coherence, had a greater explanatory power than the more affective and motivational ones. Conclusion: Reduced MiL, the capacity of an individual to attach "value and significance" to life, is a crucial predictor to the feeling of loneliness. These results suggest that programs aiming to combat loneliness should go well beyond situational interventions and include more cognitive, value-centered interventions that enable individuals to define and pursue a meaningful vital plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Macià
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Cattaneo
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier Solana
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José M. Tormos
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
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Moons P, Apers S, Kovacs AH, Thomet C, Budts W, Enomoto J, Sluman MA, Wang JK, Jackson JL, Khairy P, Cook SC, Chidambarathanu S, Alday L, Oechslin E, Eriksen K, Dellborg M, Berghammer M, Johansson B, Mackie AS, Menahem S, Caruana M, Veldtman G, Soufi A, Fernandes SM, White K, Callus E, Kutty S, Luyckx K. Sense of coherence in adults with congenital heart disease in 15 countries: Patient characteristics, cultural dimensions and quality of life. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 20:48-55. [PMID: 32524857 DOI: 10.1177/1474515120930496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that sense of coherence (SOC) is positively related to quality of life (QoL) in persons with chronic conditions. In congenital heart disease (CHD), the evidence is scant. AIMS We investigated (i) intercountry variation in SOC in a large international sample of adults with CHD; (ii) the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics and SOC; (iii) the relationship between cultural dimensions of countries and SOC; and (iv) variation in relative importance of SOC in explaining QoL across the countries. METHODS APPROACH-IS was a cross-sectional, observational study, with 4028 patients from 15 countries enrolled. SOC was measured using the 13-item SOC scale (range 13-91) and QoL was assessed by a linear analog scale (range 0-100). RESULTS The mean SOC score was 65.5±13.2. Large intercountry variation was observed with the strongest SOC in Switzerland (68.8±11.1) and the lowest SOC in Japan (59.9±14.5). A lower SOC was associated with a younger age; lower educational level; with job seeking, being unemployed or disabled; unmarried, divorced or widowed; from a worse functional class; and simple CHD. Power distance index and individualism vs collectivism were cultural dimensions significantly related to SOC. SOC was positively associated with QoL in all participating countries and in the total sample, with an explained variance ranging from 5.8% in Argentina to 30.4% in Japan. CONCLUSION In adults with CHD, SOC is positively associated with QoL. The implementation of SOC-enhancing interventions might improve QoL, but strategies would likely differ across countries given the substantial variation in explained variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Moons
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silke Apers
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrienne H Kovacs
- Toronto Congenital Cardiac Center for Adults, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, USA
| | - Corina Thomet
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital - Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Werner Budts
- Division of Congenital and Structural Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Maayke A Sluman
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, the Netherlands
| | - Jou-Kou Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jamie L Jackson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Paul Khairy
- Adult Congenital Heart Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Stephen C Cook
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Shanthi Chidambarathanu
- Pediatric Cardiology, Frontier Lifeline Hospital (Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), India
| | - Luis Alday
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Niños, Argentina
| | - Erwin Oechslin
- Toronto Congenital Cardiac Center for Adults, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Katrine Eriksen
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Mikael Dellborg
- Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Adult Congenital Heart Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Berghammer
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Andrew S Mackie
- Division of Cardiology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel Menahem
- Monash Heart, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Gruschen Veldtman
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Alexandra Soufi
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices civils de Lyon, France
| | - Susan M Fernandes
- Adult Congenital Heart Program at Stanford, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and Stanford Health Care, USA
| | - Kamila White
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Washington University and Barnes Jewish Heart & Vascular Center, University of Missouri, USA
| | - Edward Callus
- Clinical Psychology Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center University of Nebraska Medical Center/Children's Hospital and Medical Center, USA
- Taussig Heart Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA
| | - Koen Luyckx
- KU Leuven School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Belgium
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, South Africa
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Naveen N, Pradhan A, Singh S, Borkar P. Dental anxiety and sense of coherence among outpatient department patients of a dental college in Chhattisgarh: A correlational study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_143_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Szovák E, Varga K, Pelyva IZ, Soós R, Jeges S, Kívés Z, Tóth ÁL. Insights Gained in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Survey of a Recreational Training Program, Focusing on Sense of Coherence and Sleep Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249201. [PMID: 33317102 PMCID: PMC7763267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The original aim of this study was a follow-up assessment of a recreational program running for six months (September 2019-February 2020) within controlled conditions. Following the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey acquired a new goal: how do the subjects of the follow-up sampling experience this severe stress situation, and in this experience, what role does physical activity and a salutogenetic sense of coherence play. Austrian women (N = 53) took part in the training program, whose physical condition was assessed before the start of the program, then reassessed after three months and after six months; the organizers also had them fill out the sense of coherence questionnaire (SOC) as well as the Regensburger insomnia scale. After the lifting of the lockdown introduced due to the pandemic, participants completed an online survey relating to their changed life conditions, physical activities, sense of coherence and sleep quality. Results: After the first three months of the training, no significant changes were detected. After six months, the participants SOC and sleep quality improved (Friedman test: p = 0.005 and p < 0.001). During the lockdown, sleep quality generally deteriorated (W-rank test: p = 0.001), while SOC did not change. The women in possession of a relatively stronger SOC continued the training (OR = 3.6, CI 95% = 1.2-12.2), and their sleep quality deteriorated to a lesser degree. (OR = 1.7, CI 95% = 1.1-2.8). Conclusion: The data reinforce the interdependency between physical exercise (PE) and SOC; furthermore, the personal training that the authors formulated for middle-aged women proved to be successful in strengthening their sense of coherence, and it also reduced the deterioration in sleep quality due to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etelka Szovák
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary; (I.Z.P.); (R.S.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Károly Varga
- Sociological Institute, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, H-2087 Piliscsaba, Hungary;
| | - Imre Zoltán Pelyva
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary; (I.Z.P.); (R.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Rita Soós
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary; (I.Z.P.); (R.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Sára Jeges
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary; (I.Z.P.); (R.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Kívés
- Institute for Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Ákos Levente Tóth
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
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Krampe H, Goerling U, Spies CD, Gerhards SK, Enge S, Salz AL, Kerper LF, Schnell T. Sense of coherence, mental well-being and perceived preoperative hospital and surgery related stress in surgical patients with malignant, benign, and no neoplasms. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:567. [PMID: 33246438 PMCID: PMC7693497 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study examined associations between sense of coherence (SOC), mental well-being, and perceived preoperative hospital and surgery related stress of surgical patients with malignant, benign, and no neoplasms. The objective was to assess a putative association between SOC and preoperative stress, and to test for a statistical mediation by mental well-being. METHOD The sample consisted of 4918 patients from diverse surgical fields, of which 945 had malignant neoplasms, 333 benign neoplasms, and 3640 no neoplasms. For each subsample, we conducted simple mediation analyses to test an indirect effect of SOC on preoperative stress mediated by mental well-being. The models were adjusted for age, gender, and essential medical factors. RESULTS Patient groups did not differ significantly regarding degrees of SOC and mental well-being (SOC, M [SD]: 12.31 [2.59], 12.02 [2.62], 12.18 [2.57]; mental well-being M [SD]: 59.26 [24.05], 56.89 [22.67], 57.31 [22.87], in patients with malignant, benign, and without neoplasms, respectively). Patients without neoplasms reported significantly lower stress (4.19 [2.86], M [SD]) than those with benign (5.02 [3.03], M [SD]) and malignant neoplasms (4.99 [2.93], M [SD]). In all three mediation models, SOC had significant direct effects on stress, with higher SOC being associated with lower stress (- 0.3170 [0.0407], - 0.3484 [0.0752], - 0.2919 [0.0206]; c' [SE], p < 0.001 in patients with malignant, benign, and without neoplasms, respectively). In patients with malignant neoplasms and without neoplasms, SOC showed small indirect effects on stress that were statistically mediated by well-being. Higher SOC was related to higher well-being, which in turn was related to lower stress. In patients with benign neoplasms, however, no significant indirect effects of SOC were found. CONCLUSIONS SOC was directly associated with lower perceived hospital and surgery related stress, over and above the direct and mediation effects of mental well-being. Because the data are cross-sectional, conclusions implying causality cannot be drawn. Nevertheless, they indicate important relationships that can inform treatment approaches to reduce elevated preoperative stress by specifically addressing low SOC. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01357694 . Registered 18 May 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Goerling
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D. Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sina K. Gerhards
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Enge
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Salz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Léonie F. Kerper
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Hospital Wolfenbuettel gGmbH, Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Oslo, Norway
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Psychological Resilience of Volunteers in a South African Health Care Context: A Salutogenic Approach and Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082922. [PMID: 32344504 PMCID: PMC7215793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Volunteering in non-Western countries, such as South Africa, is subject to poor infrastructure, lack of resources, poverty-stricken conditions and often conducted by volunteers from lower socio-economic spheres of society. Sustaining the well-being of volunteers in this context is essential in ensuring their continued capacity to volunteer. To do so, it is important to understand the psychological resilience of these volunteers and the resistance resources they employ to positively adapt to their challenging work-life circumstances. The aim of this qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study was to explore volunteers’ psychological resilience from a salutogenic perspective. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight volunteers servicing government-run hospitals. Data were analysed through phenomenological hermeneutical analysis. Findings show a characteristic work-life orientation to be at the root of volunteers’ resilience. Their work-life orientation is based on a distinct inner drive, an other-directedness and a “calling” work orientation. It is proposed that this work-life orientation enables volunteers in this study context, to cope with and positively adapt to challenging work-life circumstances and continue volunteering. The elements of their work-life orientation are presented as intrapersonal strength resources fundamental to their psychological resilience. It is suggested that organisations invest in developmental interventions that endorse and promote these intrapersonal strengths.
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Lim HJ, Im AJ, Cho HA, Choi ES. The association between Antonovsky's sense of coherence and job stress among dental hygienists in Korea. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 18:307-313. [PMID: 32196912 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High stress levels experienced by medical professionals are a well-established phenomenon in current literature. However, there are few studies focusing on stress experienced in the field of oral health or on the sense of coherence (SOC) that helps to actively respond to job stress. The purpose of this study was to analyse if there is an association between SOC and job stress among dental hygienists in Korea. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 441 dental hygienists in the Seoul Gyeonggi province, Korea. The independent variable was SOC which had three dimensions: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. The dependent variable was job stress, which was evaluated using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale Short Form. Confounding factors were age, marital status, educational background, type of hospital, and work experience. The chi-square test and t test measures were used for bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the association between SOC and job stress. The collected data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS The SOC score showed a significant difference in relation to the job stress score. The SOC score was high when the job stress was low (P < .001). Overall SOC scores showed an inverse correlation with job stress. CONCLUSION This study reports that a higher SOC is associated with lower job stress in Korean dental hygienists. Since a higher SOC in dental hygienists indicated that they could cope with job stress more positively, it is important to increase their SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Lim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School of Public Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ae-Jung Im
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Han-A Cho
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Eun-Sil Choi
- Gangwon Public Health Policy Institute, Chuncheon-si, Korea
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Abstract
Objectives: Based on a gero-salutogenic approach, we investigated the stability of the sense of coherence over a time span of four years in active older individuals and long-term effects of this life orientation on three different indicators of positive aging-subjective well-being, psychological health and physical health. This is the first study to explore associations between gain in sense of coherence and future positive aging. Methods: Our longitudinal sample consisted of 125 physically active individuals (73.5% women) at the mean age of 71 years at follow-up (range: 64 to 87 years; response rate: 73.5%), who completed our questionnaire twice. There were no systematic differences between the follow-up responders and non-responders. Results: The sense of coherence increased over four years, disclosing a small effect size. The baseline sense of coherence had a substantial predictive value for future subjective well-being and psychological health, but not for physical health. Stepwise hierarchical regression analyses showed that both the baseline sense of coherence and gain in sense of coherence predicted future subjective well-being and psychological health. With respect to future physical health, only gain in sense of coherence was significant. Conclusion: Consistent with gero-salutogenic theory, the baseline sense of coherence is an effective predictor of future positive aging, and growth in sense of coherence within a time span of four years is reflected in improved positive aging. It is important to encourage experiences in older age that cultivate the three components of the sense of coherence-feelings of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wiesmann
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Hannich
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
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Svensson S, Stubbs J, Larsson J. The association between subordinate perception of task and relation oriented leadership behaviors and sense of coherence among a sample of Swedish white-collar workers. Work 2018; 61:327-336. [PMID: 30373982 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that leadership behaviors and sense of coherence (SOC) influences subordinate health. However, this has not been investigated in any detail. OBJECTIVES To study the association between leadership behaviors and SOC. It was hypothesized that both task and relation oriented leadership behaviors would be positively associated with SOC, whereas a laissez-faire leadership would be negatively associated with SOC. METHODS This is a cross-sectional quantitative study of managers and subordinates in a large governmental organization. The study used two common and empirically tested leadership styles: task oriented leadership and relation oriented leadership. In a logistic regression analysis, the association between types of leadership behavior and SOC were analyzed while controlling for age, gender, income, type of employment and organizational tenure. RESULTS Neither task oriented or relation oriented leadership behavior were significantly associated with SOC. CONCLUSIONS The result indicates that the type of leadership behavior exercised is not directly associated with subordinate's SOC. In future studies the importance of subordinate leadership preferences should be acknowledged. More research is needed to reach an understanding as to the nature of and the potential of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Svensson
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Science, University of Gavle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Stubbs
- Nordic Occupationnal Safety and Rehabilitation, Rancho Cordova, CA, USA
| | - Johan Larsson
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Science, University of Gavle, Gavle, Sweden
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García-Moya I, Morgan A. The utility of salutogenesis for guiding health promotion: the case for young people's well-being. Health Promot Int 2018; 32:723-733. [PMID: 26893502 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty years have passed since the publication of the seminal paper 'The salutogenic model as a theory to guide health promotion' (Health Promot Int 1996;11:11-18.), in which Antonovsky proposed salutogenesis and its central construct sense of coherence as a way of boosting the theoretical basis for health promotion activities. Since then there has been a notable amount of conceptual and empirical work carried out to further explore its significance. The aim of this paper is to critically assess the current theoretical status of salutogenesis and its utility to advance effective health promotion practice for young people. The assessment was carried out in the context of contemporary international policy agendas on well-being. An analytic framework was developed using the previous literature on the definition and function of theory. This organizing framework comprised four criteria: description, explanation, prediction and measurability. The paper concludes with a perspective on the status of salutogenesis as a theory and how it can be further developed. Specifically, the critical assessment highlighted that salutogenesis has been subjected to considerable empirical testing over the last few decades resulting in convincing evidence of the relevance and subsequent advancement of the idea. However, less emphasis seems to have been placed on a systematic process of testing and iteration to develop its theoretical basis. The paper identifies a number of aspects that should be developed to support the progression of salutogenesis to the next level. A research-practice cycle approach is proposed that can facilitate that important next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene García-Moya
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, C/ Camilo José Cela, s/n, C.P. 41018 Sevilla, Spain
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Maass R, Lindström B, Lillefjell M. Neighborhood-resources for the development of a strong SOC and the importance of understanding why and how resources work: a grounded theory approach. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:704. [PMID: 28899368 PMCID: PMC5596861 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing individuals with psychosocial resources such as sense of coherence (SOC) seems a beneficial strategy for health promotion in the neighborhood. In order to become a supporting theory for health promotion, Salutogenesis should renew its focus on resources for health, and explore how the development of a strong SOC can be facilitated. METHODS Relevant issues were explored using a Grounded Theory- approach. Three focus-group-sessions and three in-depth interviews were conducted with strategically sampled participants. The transcripts of the focus groups were initially analyzed line-by-line to ensure that insights emerged from the data. We then applied focused and systemic analyses to achieve axial coding, and to include insights into how social interactions during focus groups may reveal social processes in real-life-neighborhoods. The data from the in-depth interviews were used to validate and fill emerging categories, as well as to ensure data-saturation. RESULTS Findings indicate the importance of repeated experiences with resources and every-day-challenges to develop a strong SOC. Active engagement with resources is a favorable condition for significant experiences, which enhance the internalization of resources. Core experiences are characterized by a re-organization of resources. Participation in intellectual meaning-making through equal power dialogue seems to broaden perspectives and promote the strengthening of SOC. A strong SOC can also be described as a deeper understanding of how and why resources work, which allows for a more flexible use of resources, including replacing missing resources. CONCLUSION A new understanding of SOC as an intuitive understanding of how, why and under which circumstances resources work, as well as a new focus on everyday life and repeated experiences might facilitate new approaches to a purposeful strengthening of SOC through the planning and implementation of public measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruca Maass
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bengt Lindström
- NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Departement of Public health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica Lillefjell
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Løvlien M, Mundal L, Hall-Lord ML. Health-related quality of life, sense of coherence and leisure-time physical activity in women after an acute myocardial infarction. J Clin Nurs 2016; 26:975-982. [PMID: 27239746 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between leisure-time physical activity, health-related quality of life and sense of coherence in women after an acute myocardial infarction, and further to investigate whether these aspects were associated with age. BACKGROUND Physical activity and health-related quality of life are vital aspects for patients after an acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHOD All eligible women diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction received a postal questionnaire two to three months after hospital discharge, and 142 women were included. To measure health-related quality of life and sense of coherence, The MacNew Heart disease questionnaire and the Sense of coherence-13 scale was used. RESULTS Respondents reporting at least one type of physical activity had significantly higher health-related quality of life as compared to respondents reporting no kind of physical activity. Respondents reporting physical activity for at least 30 minutes twice a week had significantly higher health-related quality of life scores than respondents being active less than twice a week. A weak association was found between physical activity level and sense of coherence. Reduction in physical activity after the acute myocardial infarction was associated with reduced health-related quality of life and sense of coherence. Sense of coherence was significantly associated with age, as respondents 75 years and older had significantly higher scores than respondents younger than 75 years. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity, even at a low level, is significantly associated with increased health-related quality of life and to some extent to sense of coherence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Tailoring women after an acute myocardial infarction about lifestyle changes must include knowledge about the benefits of leisure-time physical activity, and that even a small amount of activity is associated with a better health-related quality of life. The utmost important assignment is to motivate the women for regular physical activity in their leisure-time. Older women need special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Løvlien
- Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Liv Mundal
- Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie-Louise Hall-Lord
- Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Gjøvik, Norway.,Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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Eshel Y, Kimhi S, Goroshit M. Post-traumatic Recovery to Distress Symptoms Ratio Mediates Relations of Resilience Fostering Resources and Their Predictors. Stress Health 2016; 32:216-23. [PMID: 25066027 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A large-scale study investigated the direct and indirect effects of demographic predictors and traumatic experiences on resilience fostering resources following a war. The sample consisted of 829 Israeli adults, living in a border town, 1 year after experiencing the 2006 war with Lebanon. Resilience was assessed by measures of individual and public resilience and low sense of danger. Results show that as hypothesized the proportion of post-traumatic recovery to post-war distress symptoms predicts these indices of resilience and partly mediates the direct links between these indices and demographic predictors (age, gender and economic condition) and exposure to war. Research of resilience has proposed several prototypical trajectories that characterize responses to potentially traumatic events. Our discussion suggests that these trajectories and their changes over time can be accounted for by the balance of post-war recovery to symptoms level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanan Eshel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel.,Department of Psychology, Tel Hai College, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- Department of Psychology, Tel Hai College, Israel
| | - Marina Goroshit
- Department of Education, Tel Hai College, Israel.,LCSR, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Russia
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Swan E, Bouwman L, Hiddink GJ, Aarts N, Koelen M. Individual, social-environmental, and physical-environmental factors that underlie sense of coherence in Dutch adults. Glob Health Promot 2016; 25:33-42. [PMID: 27364776 DOI: 10.1177/1757975916639870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antonovsky's salutogenesis is a theoretical perspective on health development that explores physical, mental, and social factors that contribute to a 'healthy life orientation' and also a theoretical approach to behavior change. Previous studies applying salutogenesis show that a high sense of coherence (SOC), a composite measure from salutogenesis indicating one's capacity to cope with stress, is associated with a healthy life orientation and lifestyle behaviors, including healthy eating patterns. However, limited evidence exists on the factors that underlie SOC, which could be used to strengthen this capacity as a means to enable healthier eating. Dutch adults ( N = 781) participated in a cross-sectional study examining the relationship between SOC and a set of individual, social-environmental, and physical-environmental factors. The main findings indicate that high SOC was associated with a diverse set of factors including lower doctor-oriented health locus of control; higher satisfaction with weight; higher perceived levels of neighborhood collective efficacy; higher situational self-efficacy for healthy eating; lower social discouragement for healthy eating; and higher neighborhood affordability, accessibility and availability of healthy foods. These findings can inform the design of nutrition interventions that target these factors that strengthen SOC and provide the building blocks for a healthier life orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Swan
- 1. Department of Social Sciences, Health and Society Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Bouwman
- 1. Department of Social Sciences, Health and Society Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jan Hiddink
- 2. Department of Social Sciences, Strategic Communication Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Noelle Aarts
- 2. Department of Social Sciences, Strategic Communication Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands.,3. ASCor (Amsterdam School for Communication Research), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Koelen
- 1. Department of Social Sciences, Health and Society Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands
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Aho AC, Hultsjö S, Hjelm K. Health perceptions of young adults living with recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. J Adv Nurs 2016; 72:1915-25. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carin Aho
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences; Linnaeus University; Växjö Sweden
| | - Sally Hultsjö
- Psychiatric Clinic; County Hospital; Ryhov; Jönköping Sweden
| | - Katarina Hjelm
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies; University of Linköping; Campus Norrköping Sweden
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25
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Apers S, Rassart J, Luyckx K, Oris L, Goossens E, Budts W, Moons P. Bringing Antonovsky's salutogenic theory to life: A qualitative inquiry into the experiences of young people with congenital heart disease. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2016; 11:29346. [PMID: 26942908 PMCID: PMC4778384 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v11.29346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Antonovsky coined sense of coherence (SOC) as the central concept of his salutogenic theory focusing on the origins of well-being. SOC captures the degree to which one perceives the world as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. Life events and resources are considered to be the building blocks of a person's SOC. However, mainly quantitative studies have looked into the role of life events and resources. Therefore, the present study aims to gain a deeper insight into the experiences of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) regarding resources and life events. Method For this qualitative study, patients were selected from the sample of a preceding study on development of SOC (n = 429). In total, 12 young individuals with CHD who had either a weak (n = 6) or strong SOC (n = 6) over time were interviewed (8 women, median age of 20 years). Data analysis was based on the constant comparative method as detailed in the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven. Commonalities and differences between patients from both groups were explored. Results The following themes emerged: (1) self-concept; (2) social environment; (3) daytime activities; (4) life events and disease-related turning points; (5) stress and coping; and (6) illness integration. Additionally, the degree of personal control was identified as an overarching topic that transcended the other themes when comparing both groups of patients. Conclusion These results may have implications for the structure and content of interventions improving well-being in young people with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Apers
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessica Rassart
- School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Oris
- School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Goossens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Werner Budts
- Division of Congenital and Structural Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Moons
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden;
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Incremental validity of sense of coherence, neuroticism, extraversion, and general self-efficacy: longitudinal prediction of substance use frequency and mental health. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2016; 14:9. [PMID: 26762558 PMCID: PMC4712594 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-016-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated the importance of sense of coherence (SOC), neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), and general self-efficacy (GSE) for health, yet the unique utility of these overlapping constructs remains uncertain. The present research aims at exploring incremental validity when predicting (1) substance use specifically and (2) mental health generally among adolescents. METHODS A prospective and longitudinal design was used to predict (1) initial substance use nine years into the future and (2) mental health one year and four years into the future. Participants were 318 adolescents (age 14 to 15 at the beginning of the study). RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed (1) that SOC had long-term incremental validity over N, E, and GSE for tobacco use and alcohol use, whereas cannabis use was predicted by E and GSE; and (2) that long-term mental health after four years was only predicted by SOC. CONCLUSIONS Two studies provide further evidence for the importance of considering salutogenic factors when forecasting mental health and health-related behavior beyond classical constructs such as N, E, and GSE. Differences in criterion validity reveal that SOC cannot be equated with reversed neuroticism.
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Mäkikangas A, Kinnunen U, Feldt T, Schaufeli W. The longitudinal development of employee well-being: a systematic review. WORK AND STRESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2015.1126870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Pakarinen M, Sinikallio S, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Aalto T, Airaksinen O, Lehto SM, Viinamäki H. Low sense of coherence during postoperative recovery is associated with a poorer lumbar spinal stenosis - surgical outcome: A 5-year follow-up study. J Health Psychol 2015; 22:347-355. [PMID: 26430067 DOI: 10.1177/1359105315603471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the association between the 3-month postoperative sense of coherence and the 5-year postoperative outcome of decompressive surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. The participants with a lower sense of coherence at the 3-month follow-up had a poorer functional ability and lower satisfaction with surgery, higher pain ratings, lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms 5 years postoperatively. A low 3-month sense of coherence associated with greater pain and a poorer functional ability 5 years postoperatively. Evaluating sense of coherence and depressive symptoms in patients who have had lumbar spinal stenosis surgery may help in identifying those in need of enhanced support for postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Pakarinen
- 1 Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.,2 University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | | | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- 1 Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.,2 University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,3 South-Savonia Hospital District, Finland.,4 North Karelia Central Hospital, Finland.,5 SOSTERI, Finland.,6 SOTE, Finland
| | | | | | - Soili M Lehto
- 1 Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.,2 University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Heimo Viinamäki
- 1 Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.,2 University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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Super S, Wagemakers MAE, Picavet HSJ, Verkooijen KT, Koelen MA. Strengthening sense of coherence: opportunities for theory building in health promotion: Fig. 1:. Health Promot Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dav071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been found to play a role in the development of clinical complications. Hence, it is crucial to understand why some patients do well in terms of PROs and others do not and to identify these groups of patients. Sense of coherence (SOC), capturing a person's outlook on life, is associated with PROs in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we (1) examine how SOC develops in young people with CHD, (2) identify subgroups of SOC development, and (3) characterize subgroups in terms of demographic and clinical variables and PROs. METHOD In this 4-wave longitudinal study, 429 adolescents with CHD (53.4% boys; median age = 16.3 years) completed assessments of SOC (SOC-13). PROs included quality of life (linear analog scale), loneliness (UCLA-8), depression (CES-D), and perceived health (PedsQL). Latent class growth analysis was used to identify clinically meaningful subgroups of SOC development. RESULTS Patients with CHD had a moderate SOC that slightly decreased over the first 18 months. Four subgroups of SOC development emerged: Consistently High (27%), Intermediate Stable (41%), Intermediate Decreasing (25%), and Chronically Low (7%). Subgroups differed in terms of sex and PROs, but not in terms of age, disease complexity, primary diagnosis, or surgical history. CONCLUSION Patients with a strong and stable SOC over time showed a better adaptation than patients with a lower and/or decreasing SOC. Our results can guide the identification of patients at risk for adverse health outcomes and the development of interventions to enhance optimal living in patients with CHD.
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Van der Westhuizen S, Horn C, Viljoen A. Sense of coherence and burnout in the energy and chemicals industry: The moderating role of age. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.4102/sajhrm.v13i1.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientation: Organisations are accommodating four different social generations in the working environment. This poses a challenge for Human Resources departments to manage these diverse age cohorts in the workforce, as they are likely to have different needs, values and variables affecting their wellness.Research purpose: The objective of the present study was to assess whether various age groups differ with regard to their sense of coherence and burnout, and whether age significantly moderates the relationship between sense of coherence and burnout.Motivation for the study: Although the literature review suggests that age groups may differ with regard to their sense of coherence and burnout, the findings seem to be somewhat inconclusive in this regard. There also seems to be a paucity of research examining the interaction effect between sense of coherence, burnout and age. Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional quantitative survey approach was used. A nonprobability convenience sample of adults (N = 246) – employed in South Africa by an international integrated energy and chemicals company – participated in the study. Correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to achieve the objectives of the study.Main findings: The results showed that employees between the ages of 51 and 60 years of age experienced higher levels of comprehensibility and lower levels of reduced professional efficacy than their younger counterparts. The relationship between sense of coherence and exhaustion was also stronger for employees between 51 and 60 years old than for younger age categories.Practical/managerial implications: The results of the study can be useful when planning human resource interventions to enhance the well-being of employees from different age groups.Contribution: The results of the study add new insights to the well-being literature by showing that employees’ age is important to consider when addressing their sense of coherence and burnout levels.
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Valtonen M, Raiskila T, Veijola J, Läksy K, Kauhanen ML, Kiuttu J, Joukamaa M, Hintsa T, Tuulio-Henriksson A. Enhancing sense of coherence via early intervention among depressed occupational health care clients. Nord J Psychiatry 2015; 69:515-22. [PMID: 25739527 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1011230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on interventions improving psychological adjustment has suggested that sense of coherence (SOC) could be improved. AIMS In the present study, we measured the impact of an intervention on the SOC among adults with first-episode depression. We also examined whether rehabilitation, depression, occupational stressors, life situation stressors and socio-demographic characteristics are associated with a change in the SOC. METHODS Occupational health care clients were screened for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a structured clinical interview (the The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV: SCID-I). The participating subjects were randomized into a rehabilitation group (n = 134) and control group (n = 100) receiving treatment as usual. The Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) was used at the baseline and in a 1-year follow-up to compare the change of the SOC between the groups. RESULTS The increase in the mean SOC score was statistically significant both in the rehabilitation group (54.91 compared with 62.85, P < 0.001) and in the control group (55.29 compared with 61.64, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean SOC scores between the groups at the follow-up. The improved SOC was associated with less severe depression (P = 0.003) and greater decreasing in BDI (P = 0.041) in the rehabilitation group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that both rehabilitation and conventional depression treatment in a first episode of depression may enhance the SOC and that rehabilitation itself enhances the SOC more effectively among those with less severe depression or those whose BDI scores had further decreased at the 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Valtonen
- a Mia Valtonen, Ph.M., Department of Behavioural Sciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki ; Occupational Healthcare, Terveystalo, Oulu; and Oulu Deaconess Institute , Oulu , Finland
| | - Tero Raiskila
- b Tero Raiskila, M.D., School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere ; Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital of Oulu , Oulu ; and Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- c Juha Veijola, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital of Oulu , Oulu , and Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Kristian Läksy
- d Kristian Läksy, M.D., Ph.D., The Social Insurance Institution of Finland , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Jorma Kiuttu
- f Jorma Kiuttu, M.D., Ph.D., The Social Insurance Institution of Finland , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Matti Joukamaa
- g Matti Joukamaa, M.D., Ph.D., School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere , and Department of Psychiatry , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- h Taina Hintsa, Ph.D., Department of Behavioural Sciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson
- i Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson, Ph.D., Department of Behavioural Sciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , and The Social Insurance Institution of Finland , Helsinki , Finland
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Mayer J, Thiel A. Health in elite sports from a salutogenetic perspective: athletes' sense of coherence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102030. [PMID: 25014085 PMCID: PMC4094494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considering the high number of stressors encountered in the context of elite sports, a high sense of coherence (SOC) is crucial to allow athletes to maintain their health from both short- and long-term perspectives. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate SOC in a population of elite athletes, focusing on identification of subsets of athletes with particularly high and low SOC scores, and any related predictors. The elite athletes' SOC scores were also evaluated for differences with those of the general population of Germany; whether a correlation between SOC and subjective health existed was additionally examined. METHOD In total, 698 male and female elite athletes, drawn from Germany's highest-level national track and field squads, and first and second division handball teams, completed a survey that included the SOC-L9 Scale and measures of subjective health, sociodemographic information, and the number of injury lay-offs experienced during the athletes' careers to date. RESULTS Classification tree analysis reveals six contrast groups with varying SOC scores. Several interacting factors determine the group to which an athlete belongs. Together with overuse injuries, additional factors are age, gender, and completed/not completed apprenticeship/degree. Female athletes aged between 19 and 25, who had already been subject to lay-offs due to overuse injuries, comprise the group with the lowest SOC scores. Overall, the SOC of elite athletes is slightly lower than in the general population. In accordance with other studies, a stronger SOC is also correlated significantly with better global subjective health. CONCLUSION The identification of contrast groups with varying SOC scores contributes to the development of more targeted salutogenetic health promotion programs. Such programs would ideally include learning modules pertaining to coping with overuse injuries, as well as social support systems aiming to effectively combine education and elite sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Mayer
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Barnard A, Muller H. The Factor Structure and Reliability of a Six-Item Sense of Coherence Measure. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2012.10820579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Braun-Lewensohn O, Sagy S. Community resilience and sense of coherence as protective factors in explaining stress reactions: comparing cities and rural communities during missiles attacks. Community Ment Health J 2014; 50:229-34. [PMID: 23748598 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-013-9623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on the salutogenic theory, the aim of this study was to examine sense of coherence and communal resiliency as related to stress reactions during missile attacks. Data were gathered in August 2011 while missiles were being shot from Gaza to the Negev communities in Israel from approximately 150 participants, aged 15-85. Participants lived in cities and different types of small rural villages. Self reported questionnaires were administered via the internet and included demographic data, coping resource of sense of coherence and community resiliency as coping resources, as well as state anxiety, state anger and psychological distress as stress reaction outcomes. Overall, the participants in our study reported strong personal and communal resources and relatively low levels of stress reactions. Personal and communal resources were linked negatively to the different stress reactions. However, some differences emerged when we compared participants from different types of communities. The most resilient group was composed of people who lived in the rural and communal communities. Differences also emerged on patterns of relationships between the community resource and state anxiety. While among the rural citizens, community resilience was strongly linked to anxiety, no relationships were revealed in the urban citizens group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Braun-Lewensohn
- Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Ben Gurion University, POB 653, Beer Sheva, Israel,
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Super S, Verschuren WMM, Zantinge EM, Wagemakers MAE, Picavet HSJ. A weak sense of coherence is associated with a higher mortality risk. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 68:411-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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García-Moya I, Moreno C, Jiménez-Iglesias A. Understanding the joint effects of family and other developmental contexts on the sense of coherence (SOC): A person-focused analysis using the Classification Tree. J Adolesc 2013; 36:913-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mäkikangas A, De Cuyper N, Mauno S, Kinnunen U. A longitudinal person-centred view on perceived employability: The role of job insecurity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2012.665230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kröninger-Jungaberle H, Grevenstein D. Development of salutogenetic factors in mental health - Antonovsky's sense of coherence and Bandura's self-efficacy related to Derogatis' symptom check list (SCL-90-R). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013; 11:80. [PMID: 23656898 PMCID: PMC3655857 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The paper analyses how resilience factors and mental health problems interrelate in a 3-year-longitudinal study with 16-19 year olds. METHODS Resilience was measured with a 13-item short version of the Life-Orientation-Scale by Antonovsky (sense-of-coherence, SOC) and a 10-item self-efficacy-scale (SWE) by Jerusalem and Schwarzer. Mental health problems were measured with Derogatis Symptom Check list (SCL-90-R). The data set included 155 participants and was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) designed to examine mutual influence in longitudinal data with Mplus software. RESULTS The descriptive data analysis indicates (1) negative correlations between SOC and SCL-90-R at both age 16 and 19 in all subscales but somatization and likewise (2) between self-efficacy and SCL-90-R. (3) SOC correlates positively with SWE at age 16 and 19. Results of SEM analysis were based on the assumption of two latent variables at two points in time: resilience as measured with mean SOC and mean self-efficacy scores and health problems measured with sub scale scores of SCL-90-R - both at ages 16 and 19. The first SEM model included all possible paths between the two latent variables across time. We found (4) that resilience influences mental health problems cross-sectionally at age 16 and at age 19 but not across time. (5) Both resilience and mental health problems influenced their own development over time. A respecified SEM model included only significant paths. (6) Resilience at age 16 significantly influences health problems at age 16 as well as resilience at age 19. Health problems at age 16 influence those at age 19 and resilience at age 19 influences health problems at age 19. CONCLUSION (a) SOC and self-efficacy instruments measure similar phenomena. (b) Since an influence of resilience on mental health problems and vice versa over time could not be shown there must be additional factors important to development. (c) SOC and self-efficacy are both very stable at 16 and 19 years. This refutes Antonovsky's assumption that SOC achieves stability first around the age of 30. SOC and self-efficacy are protective factors but they seem to form in (early) childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Kröninger-Jungaberle
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str, 20 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Barnard A. The role of socio-demographic variables and their interaction effect on sense of coherence. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v39i1.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientation: Socio-demographics play a role in sense of coherence (SOC), indicating the strength of resistance resources available to employees from different socio-demographic groupings.Research purpose: To explore whether and how socio-demographic variables and their interactive effect determine a distinctively high or low SOC.Motivation for the study: Various studies include an exploration of the role of socio-demographic attributes on SOC, yet do not investigate the interactive effect of these socio-demographics on high or low SOC.Research design, approach and method: Quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. The chi-square interaction detection method (CHAID) was applied to a large-scale employee sample (n = 7185). Confirmatory analysis was done by exploring predictor effects on two possible permutations of high or low SOC classifications.Main findings: Results indicated a statistically significant four-factor interactive effect of demographic variables on SOC. Level of income most strongly partitioned high to low SOC ratio groups. Marital status and number of dependants, with level of income, further distinguished statistically distinct high to low SOC ratio groups. Race indicated distinct high to low SOC ratio groups in the higher income group. No statistically significant effects were found for age and gender.Practical/managerial implications: Companies should provide lower income employees with financial counselling and special support for single or divorced employees and employees who are married but the sole household earner. In the middle to high income category employee assistance should cater for employees with dependants and especially for the sole household earners.Contribution/value-add: Establishing whether and how demographic variables predict high to low SOC ratios broadens the theoretical knowledge base of SOC. The study contributes methodologically in its application of CHAID analysis.
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Apers S, Luyckx K, Moons P. How meaningful is sense of coherence to cardiovascular nursing? Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2012; 11:375-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1474515112452354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Apers
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health Services and Nursing Research, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Belgium
| | - Philip Moons
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health Services and Nursing Research, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Congenital and Structural Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Davidson OB, Feldman DB, Margalit M. A focused intervention for 1st-year college students: promoting hope, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 146:333-52. [PMID: 22574424 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2011.634862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many students experience elevated psychological distress during their 1st year at college. Within the salutogenic paradigm (A. Antonovsky, 1987), sense of coherence (SOC), self-efficacy, and hope (in terms of hope theory; C. R. Snyder, 2002) are considered as protective factors in the demanding academic system. Study goals were to examine the outcomes of a focused workshop for 43 students, targeting the promotion of hope, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy for enhancing students' academic adjustment as expressed through their grades. Results revealed an effect over the 3 measurement time-points (before the workshop, immediately after it, and after 1 month), as well as the interactions of time and hope levels. Although their mean grades were not statistically different before the intervention, students who achieved higher levels of hope following the workshop got higher grades in the semester following the intervention. SOC and self-efficacy scores were significantly related both to hope levels after 1 month and to mean grades. The implications of this study for promoting a hopeful orientation in educational systems are discussed, and future interventional research is suggested.
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Neuner B, Busch MA, Singer S, Moons P, Wellmann J, Bauer U, Nowak-Göttl U, Hense HW. Sense of coherence as a predictor of quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart defects: a register-based 1-year follow-up study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2011; 32:316-27. [PMID: 21325966 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e31821102ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sense of coherence (SOC) is a resource for health and quality of life (QoL) in adults. The aim of this investigation was to prospectively evaluate the association between SOC and QoL in adolescents with congenital heart defects (CHDs). METHODS This is an observational study among 770 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years from a national CHD register. SOC was measured at baseline with the SOC-L9 questionnaire. QoL was measured at baseline and at a follow-up 12 months later. For this, we used the KINDL-R (revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen) questionnaire to evaluate overall well-being and 6 subscales (physical well-being, psychological well-being, self-esteem, family-related well-being, friend-related well-being, and school-related well-being). The association between SOC and QoL both in terms of overall well-being and the KINDL-R subscales was evaluated in multilevel linear models. Fully adjusted models accounted for age, gender, behavioral factors, and medical and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Overall well-being, self-esteem, and school-related well-being were significantly higher at follow-up than at baseline. SOC (median: 50 [range: 16-63] points) was positively associated with overall well-being and all KINDL-R subscales at baseline. In overall well-being and the KINDL-R subscales (except in psychological well-being), significant negative interaction terms were observed for SOC at baseline and time to follow-up. However, the associations between SOC at baseline and overall well-being and all KINDL-R subscales at follow-up remained significant even in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSION SOC is an independent predictor of QoL in adolescents with CHD. In psychological well-being, this prediction remains stable, whereas in total well-being and all other QoL subdimensions, its strength as such wanes over the course of a year but does not entirely dissipate. Further studies should evaluate whether interventions designed to increase SOC in children with CHD would also improve their QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Neuner
- From the *Clinical Epidemiology Section, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; †Department of Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; ‡Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; §Centre for Health Services and Nursing Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ∥Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, National CHD Register, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany; ¶Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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