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Greenglass E, Begic P, Buchwald P, Karkkola P, Hintsa T. Anxiety and watching the war in Ukraine. Int J Psychol 2024; 59:340-352. [PMID: 38152950 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
On 24 February 2022, Russia attacked Ukraine. Millions of people tuned into social media to watch the war. Media exposure to disasters and large-scale violence can precipitate anxiety resulting in intrusive thoughts. This research investigates factors related to anxiety while watching the war. Since the war began during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, threat from COVID-19 is seen as a predictor of anxiety when watching the war. A theoretical model is put forward where the outcome was anxiety when watching the war, and predictors were self-reported interference of watching the war with one's studies or work, gender, worry about the war, self-efficacy and coronavirus threat. Data were collected online with independent samples of university students from two European countries close to Ukraine, Germany (n = 348) and Finland (n = 228), who filled out an anonymous questionnaire. Path analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings showed that the model was an acceptable fit to the data in each sample, and standardised regression coefficients indicated that anxiety, when watching the war, increased with interference, war worry and coronavirus threat, and decreased with self-efficacy. Women reported more anxiety when watching the war than men. Implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Begic
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Petra Buchwald
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Petri Karkkola
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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2
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Honkalampi K, Kraav SL, Kerr P, Juster RP, Virtanen M, Hintsa T, Partonen T, Lehto SM. Associations of allostatic load with sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms, lifestyle, and health characteristics in a large general population-based sample. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:784-791. [PMID: 38266933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between allostatic load (AL) and sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms, lifestyle and health characteristics in a population-based sample of 4993 adults in Finland. METHODS Thirteen biomarkers were used to construct AL. High AL was defined as scoring highly in ≥4 items. RESULTS AL scores of 4 and above were exceeded in the age group of 45-54 years in men and 65-74 years in women. Age was the strongest predictor for belonging to the high AL score group. In addition, elevated depressive symptoms (BDI-6 ≥ 4), male sex, not engaging in physical exercise, high alcohol use and a low level of education were associated with an increased likelihood of belonging to the high AL group. CONCLUSION The older the participants were, the greater their AL burden was. However, AL burden increased more steeply as a function of age in men. In addition to lifestyle interventions, effective prevention strategies for depression at the population level could have a major public health impact in reducing the accumulation of AL burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Honkalampi
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Philippe Kerr
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; R&D Department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Begic P, Greenglass E, Hintsa T, Karkkola P, Buchwald P. Mediation of cognitive interference on depression during the Russo-Ukrainian war in three national samples. J Health Psychol 2023:13591053231184065. [PMID: 37391945 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231184065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Media coverage of large-scale violence can result in interfering thoughts and depression. This research investigates the relationship between interfering thoughts and depression when watching the Russo-Ukrainian war. In the theoretical model, the more the war is watched, the more it is related to interfering thoughts, which are related to depression. With the ongoing pandemic, depression, when watching the war, was related to coronavirus threat. Data was collected online from April to June, 2022, with university students in Germany, Finland, and Canada (N = 865). Path analysis results in each sample showed that the model fit the data with sample-specific modification indices. There was full mediation of watching the war by interference on depression, indicating that it is not watching the war, per se, but rather its relationship to cognitive interference, that is associated with depression. Denial and coronavirus threat were positively related to depression. Implications for research and student support are considered.
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Honkalampi K, Virtanen M, Hintsa T, Ruusunen A, Mäntyselkä P, Ali-Sisto T, Kärkkäinen O, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Panayiotou G, Lehto SM. Comparison of the level of allostatic load between patients with major depression and the general population. J Psychosom Res 2021; 143:110389. [PMID: 33609985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the level of allostatic load (AL) between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and non-depressed controls using two definitions of AL: continuous AL scores (AL index) and clinically significant high AL (≥4). We examined whether MDD was associated with AL independent of basic socioeconomic (age, sex, cohabiting status and level of education) and lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol use). METHODS The MDD patient sample consisted of 177 psychiatric outpatients (mean age 33.7, SD 10.7 years), who were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry at Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, in 2016-19. The non-depressed controls (n = 228, mean age 49.8, SD 10.1 years) lived in the municipality of Lapinlahti, Finland. Ten biomarkers were used to construct the two AL variables. These indicators were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS The mean AL scores did not significantly differ between MDD patients (2.97) and non-depressed controls (3.12), thus it was not associated with MDD in univariate analysis. In multivariate models a higher AL index was associated with a 1.42 to 1.82 times higher likelihood of belonging to the MDD group. Furthermore, we found that high AL (i.e. AL ≥ 4) was associated with MDD, with the likelihood ranging between 2.27 and 2.96 compared with the non-depressed controls in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS Even young adult patients with MDD appear to display clinically significant, high AL compared with non-depressed controls. Thus, it is important to pay attention to the somatic health of depressed patients in addition to their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Honkalampi
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Deakin University, iMPACT Institute/Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Toni Ali-Sisto
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Valkonen-Korhonen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Georgia Panayiotou
- Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology lab, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; R&D department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that temperament may predict childbearing. We examined the association between four temperament traits (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence of the Temperament and Character Inventory) and childbearing over the life course in the population‐based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (n = 1535; 985 women, 550 men). Temperament was assessed when the participants were aged 20–35 and fertility history from adolescence to adulthood was reported by the participants at age 30–45. Discrete‐time survival analysis modelling indicated that high childbearing probability was predicted by low novelty seeking (standardized OR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval 0.88–0.97), low harm avoidance (OR = 0.90; 0.85–0.95), high reward dependence (OR = 1.09; 1.03–1.15) and low persistence (OR = 0.91; 0.87–0.96) with no sex differences or quadratic effects. These associations grew stronger with increase in numbers of children. The findings were substantially the same in a completely prospective analysis. Adjusting for education did not influence the associations. Despite its negative association with overall childbearing, high novelty seeking increased the probability of having children in participants who were not living with a partner (OR = 1.29; 1.12–1.49). These data provide novel evidence for the role of temperament in influencing childbearing, and suggest possible weak natural selection of temperament traits in contemporary humans. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Saari TT, Hallikainen I, Hintsa T, Koivisto AM. Network structures and temporal stability of self- and informant-rated affective symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:1084-1092. [PMID: 32771860 PMCID: PMC7484410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be rated with both informant- and self-ratings. Information from these two modalities may not converge. We estimated network structures of affective symptoms in AD with both rating modalities and assessed the longitudinal stability of the networks. METHODS Network analyses combining self-rated and informant-rated affective symptoms were conducted in 3198 individuals with AD at two time points (mean follow-up 387 days), drawn from the NACC database. Self-rated symptoms were assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale, and informant-rated symptoms included depression, apathy and anxiety questions from Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. RESULTS Informant-rated symptoms were mainly connected to symptoms expressing lack of positive affect, but not to the more central symptoms of self-rated worthlessness and helplessness. Networks did not differ in structure (p = .71), or connectivity (p = .92) between visits. Symptoms formed four clinically meaningful clusters of depressive symptoms and decline, lack of positive affect, informant-rated apathy and anxiety and informant-rated depression. LIMITATIONS The symptom dynamics in our study could have been present before AD diagnosis. The lack of positive affect cluster may represent a methodological artefact rather than a theoretically meaningful subgroup. Requiring follow-up lead to a selection of patients with less cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS Informant rating may only capture the more visible affective symptoms, such as not being in good spirits, instead of more central and severe symptoms, such as hopelessness and worthlessness. Future research should continue to be mindful of differences between self- and informant-rated symptoms even in earlier stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Saari
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - I Hallikainen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Hintsa
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - A M Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms cause a significant burden to individuals with neurocognitive disorders and their families. Insights into the clinical associations, neurobiology, and treatment of these symptoms depend on informant questionnaires, such as the commonly used Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). As with any scale, the utility of the NPI relies on its psychometric properties, but the NPI faces unique challenges related to its skip-question and scoring formats. In this narrative review, we examined the psychometric properties of the NPI in a framework including properties pertinent to construct validation, and health-related outcome measurement in general. We found that aspects such as test-retest and inter-rater reliability are major strengths of the NPI in addition to its flexible and relatively quick administration. These properties are desired in clinical trials. However, the reported properties appear to cover only some of the generally examined psychometric properties, representing perhaps necessary but insufficient reliability and validity evidence for the NPI. The psychometric data seem to have significant gaps, in part because small sample sizes in the relevant studies have precluded more comprehensive analyses. Regarding construct validity, only one study has examined structural validity with the NPI subquestions. Measurement error was not assessed in the reviewed studies. For future validation, we recommend using data from all subquestions, collecting larger samples, paying specific attention to construct validity and formulating hypotheses a priori. Because the NPI is an outcome measure of interest in clinical trials, examining measurement error could be of practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Saari
- University of Eastern Finland, Neurology, Kuopio, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anne Koivisto
- University of Eastern Finland, Neurology, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio University Hospital, Neurology, Kuopio, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- University of Eastern Finland, Neurology, Kuopio, Finland
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Saarinen AIL, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hintsa T, Pulkki-Råback L, Ravaja N, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Hintsanen M. Does Compassion Predict Blood Pressure and Hypertension? The Modifying Role of Familial Risk for Hypertension. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:527-538. [PMID: 32347444 PMCID: PMC7497423 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background This study investigated (i) whether compassion is associated with blood pressure or hypertension in adulthood and (ii) whether familial risk for hypertension modifies these associations. Method The participants (N = 1112–1293) came from the prospective Young Finns Study. Parental hypertension was assessed in 1983–2007; participants’ blood pressure in 2001, 2007, and 2011; hypertension in 2007 and 2011 (participants were aged 30–49 years in 2007–2011); and compassion in 2001. Results High compassion predicted lower levels of diastolic and systolic blood pressure in adulthood. Additionally, high compassion was related to lower risk for hypertension in adulthood among individuals with no familial risk for hypertension (independently of age, sex, participants’ and their parents’ socioeconomic factors, and participants’ health behaviors). Compassion was not related to hypertension in adulthood among individuals with familial risk for hypertension. Conclusion High compassion predicts lower diastolic and systolic blood pressure in adulthood. Moreover, high compassion may protect against hypertension among individuals without familial risk for hypertension. As our sample consisted of comparatively young participants, our findings provide novel implications for especially early-onset hypertension. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12529-020-09886-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino I L Saarinen
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000 (Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan katu 1), 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Taina Hintsa
- Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Ravaja
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000 (Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan katu 1), 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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Sipilä R, Hintsa T, Lipsanen J, Tasmuth T, Estlander AM, Kalso E. The relationship between anger regulation, mood, pain, and pain-related disability in women treated for breast cancer. Psychooncology 2019; 28:2002-2008. [PMID: 31325347 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anger, depressive symptoms, and anxiety are known reactions to cancer and suggested to modulate pain experience. We examined the association between anger regulation, mood, and pain in 952 breast cancer patients followed for 3 years. METHODS Preoperatively, the patients completed questionnaires about depressive symptoms (BDI), state anxiety (STAI), anger regulation (STAXI-2), and pains in the surgical and other areas. Experimental pain sensitivity was tested. In the follow-up, BDI and STAI were assessed at 1 and at 6 months and at 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery. Pain in the surgical area was evaluated during the first 7 days and at 1 and 3 years after surgery. Pain-related disability was assessed at 3 years after surgery. Latent profile analyses were performed to identify mood profiles, and regression analyses to find independent predictors for mood and pain variables. RESULTS Anger inhibition and pain had associations with ongoing depressive symptoms and anxiety. Pain-related disability was associated with high anxiety at a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.24 (95% CI, 1.17-4.27), with older age (HR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01-1.13), and with pain in the surgical area (HR 3.04, 95% CI, 2.41-3.85), but not with anger variables. Any relationship between anger regulation and pain intensity disappeared after controlling for age and mood. CONCLUSIONS Different forms of pain are important to recognize and treat to support breast cancer patients' psychological well-being. Anger inhibition could be a target for psychotherapeutic intervention, to help with ongoing mood symptoms. The relationship between anger regulation and pain is not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Sipilä
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Philosophical Faculty, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Tasmuth
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ann-Mari Estlander
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Karkkola P, Kuittinen M, Hintsa T. Role clarity, role conflict, and vitality at work: The role of the basic needs. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:456-463. [PMID: 31124156 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide new information on the relationships between vitality at work and role clarity, role conflict, and psychological basic need satisfaction. Participants of the cross-sectional study were 110 employees in a preventive intervention program. Associations between the focal constructs were examined with regression and bootstrapping analyses. The results suggest that the role clarity is associated with subjective vitality at work through higher autonomy and higher competence, and that role conflict is negatively associated with subjective vitality at work through lower autonomy and lower relatedness. Additionally, an interaction between the role characteristics was observed, suggesting that the strength of the association between role clarity and competence, and the strength of the indirect association between role clarity and vitality through competence may vary depending on the level of role conflict. The findings are consistent with the notion that that managers and co-workers may affect the opportunities of individuals to achieve need satisfaction and feel energized by delineating and negotiating role-related factors at work. Need satisfaction, in turn, is an antecedent of well-being and motivation. Employees should feel able to clarify role ambiguities with their supervisor or co-workers and thus reduce the role conflicts imposed by the expectations of various stakeholders. Limitations of the study include the self-rating methodology, cross-sectional design, and properties of the sample restricting generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Karkkola
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matti Kuittinen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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11
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Kaseva K, Dobewall H, Yang X, Pulkki-Råback L, Lipsanen J, Hintsa T, Hintsanen M, Puttonen S, Hirvensalo M, Elovainio M, Raitakari O, Tammelin T. Physical Activity, Sleep, and Symptoms of Depression in Adults-Testing for Mediation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1162-1168. [PMID: 30694979 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity, sleep problems, and symptoms of depression contribute to overall well-being. The factors are reciprocally associated, but the nature of these associations remains unclear. The present study examined whether sleep problems mediated the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms. METHODS The eligible population (n = 3596) consisted of adults from the ongoing, population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study started in 1980. Participants' leisure-time physical activity was assessed with physical activity index (2007) and sleep problems with Jenkins' Sleep Questionnaire in 2007 and 2011. Depressive symptoms were measured using modified Beck Depression Inventory in 2007 and 2012, from which the items reflecting sleep problems were excluded. Mediation analyses, through which the associations between the variables were examined, were adjusted for sex and a set of health-related covariates assessed in 2007 and 2011. RESULTS Physical activity was associated with decreased levels of sleep problems and depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). The association between physical activity and depressive symptoms (b = -0.10, P < 0.01) was partly mediated by sleep problems (proportion mediated = 0.36, P < 0.01). The adjustment for depressive symptoms at baseline attenuated the mediation effect (proportion mediated = 0.30, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity's favorable contribution to depressive symptoms was mediated partly by sleep, but the mediation effect disappeared after adjusting for the previous depressive symptoms in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kaseva
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Henrik Dobewall
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, FINLAND
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND.,School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, FINLAND
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
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Karkkola P, Kuittinen M, Hintsa T, Ryynänen J, Simonen A. Each One Counts: Basic Needs Mediating the Association Between Social Support and Vitality at Work. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2018. [DOI: 10.16993/sjwop.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Gluschkoff K, Oksman E, Knafo-Noam A, Dobewall H, Hintsa T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hintsanen M. The early roots of compassion: From child care arrangements to dispositional compassion in adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wesołowska K, Elovainio M, Hintsa T, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Lipsanen J, Juonala M, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Is the association between depressive symptoms and glucose bidirectional? A population-based study. Health Psychol 2018; 37:603-612. [PMID: 29672099 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms have been associated with Type 2 diabetes, but the temporal direction of this association and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study examined a potential bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and glucose levels in women and men, and the factors mediating this association. METHOD The participants were from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, a prospective, population-based, cohort study (N = 2,534). Depressive symptoms were assessed using a modified Beck Depression Inventory. Fasting glucose was measured concurrently with depressive symptoms. To analyze the data, a multiple-group cross-lagged analysis and parallel multiple mediation in structural equation modeling were used. RESULTS Depressive symptoms in 2001 were positively associated with glucose levels in 2012 in women (β = .07, p = .023) but not in men (β = -.03, p = .45). This sex difference was statistically significant (p = .042). Glucose levels in 2001 did not predict depressive symptoms in 2012 in either women or men (ps = .96). Changes in body mass index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, alcohol consumption, or tobacco or cigarette smoking did not mediate the observed association (ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS The results showed a positive association between depressive symptoms and glucose levels in women but not in men. The direction of this relationship seems to be from depressive symptoms to glucose levels rather than the reverse. Changes in body fat, inflammation, alcohol consumption, or tobacco or cigarette smoking may not play a mediating role in this observed association. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wesołowska
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, University of Helsinki
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, University of Helsinki
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku
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15
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Mullola S, Hakulinen C, Presseau J, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Jokela M, Hintsa T, Elovainio M. Personality traits and career choices among physicians in Finland: employment sector, clinical patient contact, specialty and change of specialty. BMC Med Educ 2018; 18:52. [PMID: 29587722 PMCID: PMC5870817 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality influences an individual's adaptation to a specific job or organization. Little is known about personality trait differences between medical career and specialty choices after graduating from medical school when actually practicing different medical specialties. Moreover, whether personality traits contribute to important career choices such as choosing to work in the private or public sector or with clinical patient contact, as well as change of specialty, have remained largely unexplored. In a nationally representative sample of Finnish physicians (N = 2837) we examined how personality traits are associated with medical career choices after graduating from medical school, in terms of employment sector, patient contact, medical specialty and change of specialty. METHODS Personality was assessed using the shortened version of the Big Five Inventory (S-BFI). An analysis of covariance with posthoc tests for pairwise comparisons was conducted, adjusted for gender and age with confounders (employment sector, clinical patient contact and medical specialty). RESULTS Higher openness was associated with working in the private sector, specializing in psychiatry, changing specialty and not practicing with patients. Lower openness was associated with a high amount of patient contact and specializing in general practice as well as ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. Higher conscientiousness was associated with a high amount of patient contact and specializing in surgery and other internal medicine specialties. Lower conscientiousness was associated with specializing in psychiatry and hospital service specialties. Higher agreeableness was associated with working in the private sector and specializing in general practice and occupational health. Lower agreeableness and neuroticism were associated with specializing in surgery. Higher extraversion was associated with specializing in pediatrics and change of specialty. Lower extraversion was associated with not practicing with patients. CONCLUSIONS The results showed distinctive personality traits to be associated with physicians' career and specialty choices after medical school independent of known confounding factors. Openness was the most consistent personality trait associated with physicians' career choices in terms of employment sector, amount of clinical patient contact, specialty choice and change of specialty. Personality-conscious medical career counseling and career guidance during and after medical education might enhance the person-job fit among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Mullola
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, (Siltavuorenpenger 5 A), P.O. Box 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- National Center for Children and Families, Teachers College Columbia University, Thorndike Hall 525 West 120th Street, Box 39, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justin Presseau
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8L6 Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, K1G 5Z3 Canada
| | - David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00370 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Määttänen I, Ravaja N, Henttonen P, Puttonen S, Paavonen K, Swan H, Hintsa T. Type 1 long QT syndrome and psychological stress in a laboratory setting. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:1213-1221. [PMID: 29355047 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317751617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait-like sensitivity to stress in long QT syndrome patients has been documented previously. In addition, mental stress has been associated with symptomatic status of long QT syndrome. We examined whether the symptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients would be more sensitive to mental stress compared to asymptomatic patients and whether there would be differences in task-related physiological stress reactions between type 1 long QT syndrome patients and healthy individuals. The study population consisted of 21 symptomatic and 23 asymptomatic molecularly defined KCNQ1 mutation carriers, their 32 non-carrier relatives and 46 non-related healthy controls, with mean ages of 37, 39, 35 and 23 years, respectively. Electrocardiography was utilised to calculate inter-beat interval and high frequency and low frequency heart rate variability. Blood pressure was measured and mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure were calculated. Stress was induced using three different tasks: mental arithmetic, reaction time and public speech. Stress responses of symptomatic and asymptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients were not statistically different in any of the stress tasks. Short-term physiological stress reactivity of symptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients appears to be normal and does not enhance the risk assessment of asymptomatic mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sampsa Puttonen
- University of Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
| | - Kristian Paavonen
- University of Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Finland
| | - Heikki Swan
- University of Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Finland
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Törnroos M, Elovainio M, Hintsa T, Hintsanen M, Pulkki‐Råback L, Jokela M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas‐Järvinen L. Personality traits and perceptions of organisational justice. Int J Psychol 2018; 54:414-422. [DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Törnroos
- Department of Management and OrganizationHanken School of Economics Helsinki Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Educational Sciences and Psychology, Philosophical FacultyJoensuu University of Eastern Finland Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Unit of Psychology, Faculty of EducationUniversity of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki‐Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab LaboratoriesUniversity of Tampere School of Medicine Tampere Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineTurku University Hospital Turku Finland
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18
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Gluschkoff K, Elovainio M, Hintsanen M, Mullola S, Pulkki-Råback L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hintsa T. Perfectionism and depressive symptoms: The effects of psychological detachment from work. Personality and Individual Differences 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Wesołowska K, Elovainio M, Hintsa T, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Pitkänen N, Lipsanen J, Tukiainen J, Lyytikäinen LP, Lehtimäki T, Juonala M, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Fasting Glucose and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms: Instrumental-Variable Regression in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Int J Behav Med 2017; 24:901-907. [PMID: 28779468 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-017-9639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with depressive symptoms, but the causal direction of this association and the underlying mechanisms, such as increased glucose levels, remain unclear. We used instrumental-variable regression with a genetic instrument (Mendelian randomization) to examine a causal role of increased glucose concentrations in the development of depressive symptoms. METHOD Data were from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (n = 1217). Depressive symptoms were assessed in 2012 using a modified Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). Fasting glucose was measured concurrently with depressive symptoms. A genetic risk score for fasting glucose (with 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms) was used as an instrumental variable for glucose. RESULTS Glucose was not associated with depressive symptoms in the standard linear regression (B = -0.04, 95% CI [-0.12, 0.04], p = .34), but the instrumental-variable regression showed an inverse association between glucose and depressive symptoms (B = -0.43, 95% CI [-0.79, -0.07], p = .020). The difference between the estimates of standard linear regression and instrumental-variable regression was significant (p = .026) CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the association between T2D and depressive symptoms is unlikely to be caused by increased glucose concentrations. It seems possible that T2D might be linked to depressive symptoms due to low glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wesołowska
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, (Siltavuorenpenger 1 A), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, (Siltavuorenpenger 1 A), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, (Siltavuorenpenger 1 A), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, (Siltavuorenpenger 1 A), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, (Siltavuorenpenger 1 A), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, (Siltavuorenpenger 1 A), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Gluschkoff K, Elovainio M, Hintsa T, Pentti J, Salo P, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Organisational justice protects against the negative effect of workplace violence on teachers’ sleep: a longitudinal cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:511-516. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Törnroos M, Hakulinen C, Hintsanen M, Puttonen S, Hintsa T, Pulkki-Råback L, Jokela M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Reciprocal relationships between psychosocial work characteristics and sleep problems: A two-wave study. Work & Stress 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2017.1297968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Kia G, Elovainio M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hintsanen M, Mullola S, Hintsa T. Stressful psychosocial work environment, poor sleep, and depressive symptoms among primary school teachers. EJREP 2016. [DOI: 10.14204/ejrep.40.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Kaseva K, Rosenström T, Hintsa T, Pulkki-Råback L, Tammelin T, Lipsanen J, Yang X, Hintsanen M, Hakulinen C, Pahkala K, Hirvensalo M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Trajectories of Physical Activity Predict the Onset of Depressive Symptoms but Not Their Progression: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp) 2016; 2016:8947375. [PMID: 27795983 PMCID: PMC5067320 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8947375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This prospective, community-based study examined trajectories of physical activity from childhood to adulthood and whether these trajectories contributed to depressive symptoms in adulthood to a greater degree than adulthood physical activity. Participants (n = 3596) were from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study which started in 1980. Depressive symptoms were measured with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in 2012, and physical activity was assessed from 1980 to 2011 with self-reports. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, childhood negative emotionality, socioeconomic factors, previous depressive symptoms, social support, body mass index, and smoking status (1980-2007). Highly, moderately, and lightly physically active trajectory groups were identified. Highly active participants reported lower levels of depressive symptoms compared to lightly active ones (p < 0.001) and compared to moderately active ones (p = 0.001). Moderately active participants had less symptoms than lightly active ones (p < 0.001). High levels of adulthood physical activity associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). The findings did not withstand adjustment for previous depressive symptoms (p > 0.05). Lifelong physical activity trajectories or adulthood physical activity was not associated with the progression of depressive symptoms in adulthood. Thus, physical activity history does not contribute to the progression of the depressive symptoms to a greater degree than adulthood physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kaseva
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Rosenström
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Fabianinkatu 24, P.O. Box 4, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- LIKES, Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- LIKES, Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Department of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 35 (L), University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 2000, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Pulkki-Råback L, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Hintsanen M, Hintsa T, Jokela M, Puttonen S, Joensuu M, Lipsanen J, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Job Demands and Job Control as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms: Moderating Effects of Negative Childhood Socioemotional Experiences. Stress Health 2016; 32:383-394. [PMID: 25641815 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There have been calls to know more about vulnerability factors that may predispose to adverse health outcomes at work. We examined if childhood adverse experiences would affect vulnerability to psychosocial stress factors at work. A nationally representative sample of 1546 Finnish men and women was followed up from childhood to adulthood. Childhood adverse experiences consisted of socioeconomic and emotional factors. Job demands and job control were measured 21 years later, and depressive symptoms were measured 21 and 27 years after the childhood measurements. Job demands predicted depressive symptoms over 6 years, and the association was modified by childhood emotional adversity. Participants with three or more emotional adversities in childhood had more depressive symptoms in response to high job demands compared with participants with zero or one emotional adversities in childhood (Betas = -1.40 and -2.01, ps < 0.05 and <0.01). No such moderating effect by childhood adverse experiences was found for the association between job control and depressive symptoms. Although modest in effect size, these findings provide a developmental viewpoint for understanding the role of childhood experiences in work-related stress factors. Such knowledge can enhance understanding of individual differences in vulnerability to the demands of working life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland. .,Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Jari Lipsanen
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Gluschkoff K, Elovainio M, Kinnunen U, Mullola S, Hintsanen M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hintsa T. Work stress, poor recovery and burnout in teachers. Occup Med (Lond) 2016; 66:564-70. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqw086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Hintsa T, Elovainio M, Jokela M, Ahola K, Virtanen M, Pirkola S. Is there an independent association between burnout and increased allostatic load? Testing the contribution of psychological distress and depression. J Health Psychol 2016; 21:1576-86. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105314559619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout has been suggested to be related to depression. We examined the relationship between burnout and allostatic load, and whether this association is independent of psychological distress and depression. We measured burnout psychological distress, depression, and allostatic load in 3283 participants. Higher burnout ( β = 0.06, p =0.003) and cynicism ( β = 0.03, p = 0.031) and decreased professional efficacy ( β = 0.03, p = 0.007) were related to higher allostatic load independent of age, sex, education, occupation and psychological distress. Depression, however, explained 60 percent of the association. Burnout is related to higher allostatic load, and this association partly overlaps with co-occurring depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kirsi Ahola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
| | | | - Sami Pirkola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
- Lapland Hospital District, Finland
- University of Oulu, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
- University of Tampere, Finland
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27
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Hintsa T, Wesolowska K, Elovainio M, Strelau J, Pulkki-Råback L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Associations of temporal and energetic characteristics of behavior with depressive symptoms: A population-based longitudinal study within Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament. J Affect Disord 2016; 197:196-204. [PMID: 26994438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual dispositions have previously been associated with increased risk for depressive symptoms. The direction of the association has been found to be sometimes reciprocal. We examined whether temperament traits are associated with depressive symptoms and whether depressive symptoms contribute to changes in temperament. METHODS Participants (n=674-811) were from a population-based Young Finns Study. Temperament was assessed by a Finnish version of the Formal Characteristics of Behavior - Temperament Inventory. Depressive symptoms were assessed with modified BDI (mBDI) in 1997, 2001, 2007 and 2012, and BDI-II in 2012. RESULTS Higher perseveration and emotional reactivity were associated with higher level of depressive symptoms, and higher endurance was associated with lower level of depressive symptoms in 2007 and 2012. These associations were independent of several potential confounders and baseline depressive symptoms. The results of cross-lagged structural equation modeling showed that the associations between temperament and depressive symptoms were reciprocal: briskness, endurance and activity decreased the risk for depressive symptoms while depressive symptoms decreased the level of these characteristics. Perseveration, emotional reactivity and depressive symptoms reinforced each other over time. LIMITATIONS The depressive symptoms scales we used are not meant for measuring clinically diagnosed depression. The relationships between temperament traits and depressive symptoms were not strong enough to provide a clinical basis for guiding treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lower perseveration, lower emotional reactivity and higher endurance seem to be health protective temperament characteristics that reduce the risk for depressive symptoms. The reciprocal associations between temperament and depressive symptoms imply mutual health protective and health declining effects. Clinical relevance of the study is that enhancing positive loops and self-concept, and supporting individual stress management might be helpful in prevention of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hintsa
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - K Wesolowska
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Elovainio
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Strelau
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Psychology, Poland
| | - L Pulkki-Råback
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Collegium for Advances Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Keltikangas-Järvinen
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Elovainio M, Taipale T, Seppälä I, Mononen N, Raitoharju E, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Illig T, Waldenberger M, Hakulinen C, Hintsa T, Kivimäki M, Kähönen M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T. Activated immune-inflammatory pathways are associated with long-standing depressive symptoms: Evidence from gene-set enrichment analyses in the Young Finns Study. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 71:120-5. [PMID: 26473696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We used genome wide expression (GWE) data of circulating blood cells and pathway analysis to investigate the inflammatory and other molecular pathways that may be associated with long-standing depressive symptoms. Participants were 607 women and 316 men (mean age 42 years) from the Young Finns Study who participated in three consecutive study phases in 2001, 2007 and 2012. Using Gene-set enrichment analyses (GSEA) we focused our analyses to pathways (available in MSigDB database) that are likely to affect immunological and inflammatory processes. GSEA were performed for blood cell GWE data in 2012. Depressive symptoms were assessed using a modified 21-item Beck Depression Inventory in each of the three study phases. Participants who scored in the top quartile of depressive symptoms in each of the three measurement points (n = 191) differed from other participants (n = 732) in several gene-set pathways related to inflammatory processes or immune-inflammatory signaling including interleukin (IL-1) pathway, and pathways related to various immuno-inflammatory processes, such as toll-like, the NEF protein, the nuclear factor kB, the kinase AKT and the mature B cell antigen receptor pathway (false discovery rates, FDRs<0.12). The results provide novel genome wide molecular evidence that support the association between chronic depressive symptoms and altered immune-inflammatory regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tuukka Taipale
- Deparment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Deparment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Deparment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Deparment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, P.O. Box 24, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Taina Hintsa
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, UK
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Olli Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Deparment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Koponen M, Marjamaa A, Hiippala A, Happonen JM, Havulinna AS, Salomaa V, Lahtinen AM, Hintsa T, Viitasalo M, Toivonen L, Kontula K, Swan H. Follow-up of 316 molecularly defined pediatric long-QT syndrome patients: clinical course, treatments, and side effects. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:815-23. [PMID: 26063740 DOI: 10.1161/circep.114.002654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with risk of sudden death. We assessed the clinical course and the fulfillment of current treatment strategies in molecularly defined pediatric LQTS type 1 and (LQT1) and type 2 (LQT2) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Follow-up data covering a mean of 12 years were collected for 316 genotyped LQT1 and LQT2 patients aged 0 to 18 years. No arrhythmic deaths occurred during the follow-up. Finnish KCNQ1 and KCNH2 founder mutations were associated with fewer cardiac events than other KCNQ1 and KCNH2 mutations (hazard ratio [HR], 0.33; P=0.03 and HR, 0.16; P=0.01, respectively). QTc interval ≥500 ms increased the risk of cardiac events compared with QTc <470 ms (HR, 3.32; P=0.001). Treatment with β-blocker medication was associated with reduced risk of first cardiac event (HR, 0.23; P=0.001). Noncompliant LQT2 patients were more often symptomatic than compliant LQT2 patients (18% and 0%, respectively; P=0.03). Treatment with implantable cardioverter defibrillator was rare (3%) and resulted in reinterventions in 44% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Severe cardiac events are uncommon in molecularly defined and appropriately treated pediatric LQTS mutation carriers. β-Blocker medication reduces the risk of cardiac events and is generally well tolerated in this age group of LQTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Koponen
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.).
| | - Annukka Marjamaa
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Anita Hiippala
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Juha-Matti Happonen
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Annukka M Lahtinen
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Taina Hintsa
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Matti Viitasalo
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Lauri Toivonen
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Kimmo Kontula
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Heikki Swan
- From the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital (M.K., A.M., M.V., L.T., H.S.), Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.H., J.-M.H.), Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital (A.M.L., K.K.), and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Psychology (T.H.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., V.S.)
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Yang X, Hirvensalo M, Hintsanen M, Hintsa T, Pulkki-Råback L, Jokela M, Telama R, Tammelin T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Longitudinal associations between changes in physical activity and depressive symptoms in adulthood: the young Finns study. Int J Behav Med 2015; 21:908-17. [PMID: 24362904 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have associated physical activity (PA) with lower depressive symptoms, the combined effects of the (1) frequency, (2) intensity, and (3) duration of long-term PA have not been examined in detail. PURPOSE We examined the dose-response association between changes in frequency, intensity, and duration of PA and depressive symptoms in men and women over 6 years. METHODS Participants comprised 1,959 healthy adults (833 men and 1,126 women), aged 24-39 years in 2001, drawn from the ongoing Young Finns Study. PA was assessed using a self-report questionnaire completed in connection with a medical examination in 2001 and 2007. Depressive symptoms were simultaneously assessed using a modified version of Beck's Depression Inventory in both phases. RESULTS High doses of PA at baseline were prospectively associated with fewer depressive symptoms in men, while moderate doses of PA at baseline were inversely associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women. Associations between baseline PA and depressive symptom changes were mediated by social and health-related factors which differed between men and women. Long-term participation in regular PA in all dimensions remained remarkably stable (all p < 0.001). Compared to those who remained inactive, the persistently active participants in all dimensions, with the exception of women's intensity group, were more likely to show decreases in depressive symptoms independent of the included confounders. An increase in PA in certain groups was also independently associated with fewer depressive symptoms, particularly in women. CONCLUSIONS Regular and persistent participation in different doses of PA may provide short-term and long-term beneficial effects on depressive symptom changes. The results imply that the moderate to high doses of PA may serve as a buffer against depression in early midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- LIKES-Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Viitaniementie 15a, 40720, Jyväskylä, Finland,
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Hintsa T, Kouvonen A, McCann M, Jokela M, Elovainio M, Demakakos P. Higher effort-reward imbalance and lower job control predict exit from the labour market at the age of 61 years or younger: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:543-9. [PMID: 25631860 PMCID: PMC4453492 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether higher effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and lower job control are associated with exit from the labour market. METHODS There were 1263 participants aged 50-74 years from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing with data on working status and work-related psychosocial factors at baseline (wave 2; 2004-2005), and working status at follow-up (wave 5; 2010-2011). Psychosocial factors at work were assessed using a short validated version of ERI and job control. An allostatic load index was formed using 13 biological parameters. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Exit from the labour market was defined as not working in the labour market when 61 years old or younger in 2010-2011. RESULTS Higher ERI OR=1.62 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.61, p=0.048) predicted exit from the labour market independent of age, sex, education, occupational class, allostatic load and depression. Job control OR=0.60 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.85, p=0.004) was associated with exit from the labour market independent of age, sex, education, occupation and depression. The association of higher effort OR=1.32 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.73, p=0.045) with exit from the labour market was independent of age, sex and depression but attenuated to non-significance when additionally controlling for socioeconomic measures. Reward was not related to exit from the labour market. CONCLUSIONS Stressful work conditions can be a risk for exiting the labour market before the age of 61 years. Neither socioeconomic position nor allostatic load and depressive symptoms seem to explain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hintsa
- Institute of Behavioural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kouvonen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Faculty in Wroclaw, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M McCann
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Jokela
- Institute of Behavioural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Demakakos
- Division of Population Health, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Elovainio M, Jokela M, Rosenström T, Pulkki-Råbäck L, Hakulinen C, Josefsson K, Hintsanen M, Hintsa T, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Temperament and depressive symptoms: what is the direction of the association? J Affect Disord 2015; 170:203-12. [PMID: 25254618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperament characteristics have been suggested to be associated with mental health outcomes, especially depression, but the direction of the association is unknown. In this study, we tested whether temperament characteristics, as defined by the Buss-Plomin adulthood emotionality-activity-sociability (EAS) temperament model, predict depressive symptoms or whether depressive symptoms predict changes in temperament characteristics. METHODS Participants comprised a population-based sample of 719 men and 1020 women from the Young Finns study aged 20-35 years at baseline in 1997 and who responded to repeated surveys of temperament and depressive symptoms in four study phases from 1997 to 2012. The associations were tested using linear regression models, repeated cross-lagged structural equation models, parallel latent growth curve models and two-dimensional continuous-time state space model (Exact Discrete Model). RESULTS Both low sociability (β=-0.12, p<0.001) and high negative emotionality (β=0.34, p<0.001) predicted subsequent increased depressive symptoms, whereas earlier depressive symptoms predicted increased negative emotionality (β=0.50, p<0.001), but not low sociability. LIMITATIONS The depressive symptoms scale applied may not be used for measuring clinically recognized depression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the direction of the association is from low sociability to depressive symptoms rather than the reverse, but the association between negative emotionality and depressive symptoms seems to be reciprocal.
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Chumaeva N, Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Merjonen P, Elovainio M, Hintsa T, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Stress-induced cardiac autonomic reactivity and preclinical atherosclerosis: does arterial elasticity modify the association? Stress 2015; 18:622-30. [PMID: 26365028 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1078307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of acute mental stress on atherosclerosis can be estimated using arterial elasticity measured by carotid artery distensibility (Cdist). We examined the interactive effect of acute stress-induced cardiac reactivity and Cdist to preclinical atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in 58 healthy adults aged 24-39 years participated in the epidemiological Young Finns Study. Cdist and IMT were measured ultrasonographically. Impedance electrocardiography was used to measure acute mental stress-induced cardiac autonomic responses: heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pre-ejection period after the mental arithmetic and the public speaking tasks. Interactions between HR reactivity and Cdist in relation to preclinical atherosclerosis were found. The results imply that elevated HR reactivity to acute mental stress is related to less atherosclerosis among healthy participants with higher arterial elasticity. Possibly, increased cardiac reactivity in response to challenging tasks is an adaptive reaction related to better cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Chumaeva
- a Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- a Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
- c Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Päivi Merjonen
- a Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- a Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
- d National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- a Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- e Department of Medicine , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
- f Division of Medicine , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
- g Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- h Department of Clinical Physiology , Tampere University Hospital, and University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- i Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku , Turku , Finland , and
- j Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
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Valtonen M, Raiskila T, Veijola J, Läksy K, Kauhanen ML, Kiuttu J, Joukamaa M, Hintsa T, Tuulio-Henriksson A. Enhancing sense of coherence via early intervention among depressed occupational health care clients. Nord J Psychiatry 2015; 69:515-22. [PMID: 25739527 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1011230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on interventions improving psychological adjustment has suggested that sense of coherence (SOC) could be improved. AIMS In the present study, we measured the impact of an intervention on the SOC among adults with first-episode depression. We also examined whether rehabilitation, depression, occupational stressors, life situation stressors and socio-demographic characteristics are associated with a change in the SOC. METHODS Occupational health care clients were screened for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a structured clinical interview (the The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV: SCID-I). The participating subjects were randomized into a rehabilitation group (n = 134) and control group (n = 100) receiving treatment as usual. The Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) was used at the baseline and in a 1-year follow-up to compare the change of the SOC between the groups. RESULTS The increase in the mean SOC score was statistically significant both in the rehabilitation group (54.91 compared with 62.85, P < 0.001) and in the control group (55.29 compared with 61.64, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean SOC scores between the groups at the follow-up. The improved SOC was associated with less severe depression (P = 0.003) and greater decreasing in BDI (P = 0.041) in the rehabilitation group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that both rehabilitation and conventional depression treatment in a first episode of depression may enhance the SOC and that rehabilitation itself enhances the SOC more effectively among those with less severe depression or those whose BDI scores had further decreased at the 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Valtonen
- a Mia Valtonen, Ph.M., Department of Behavioural Sciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki ; Occupational Healthcare, Terveystalo, Oulu; and Oulu Deaconess Institute , Oulu , Finland
| | - Tero Raiskila
- b Tero Raiskila, M.D., School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere ; Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital of Oulu , Oulu ; and Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- c Juha Veijola, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital of Oulu , Oulu , and Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Kristian Läksy
- d Kristian Läksy, M.D., Ph.D., The Social Insurance Institution of Finland , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Jorma Kiuttu
- f Jorma Kiuttu, M.D., Ph.D., The Social Insurance Institution of Finland , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Matti Joukamaa
- g Matti Joukamaa, M.D., Ph.D., School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere , and Department of Psychiatry , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Taina Hintsa
- h Taina Hintsa, Ph.D., Department of Behavioural Sciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson
- i Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson, Ph.D., Department of Behavioural Sciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , and The Social Insurance Institution of Finland , Helsinki , Finland
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Jokela M, Elovainio M, Nyberg ST, Tabák AG, Hintsa T, Batty GD, Kivimäki M. Personality and risk of diabetes in adults: pooled analysis of 5 cohort studies. Health Psychol 2014; 33:1618-21. [PMID: 23957901 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is an increasingly important public health concern, but little is known about the contribution of psychological factors on diabetes risk. We examined whether personality is associated with risk of incident diabetes and diabetes-related mortality. METHOD An individual-participant meta-analysis of 34,913 adults free of diabetes at baseline (average age 53.7 years, 57% women) from 5 prospective cohort studies from the United States and United Kingdom. Personality dimensions included extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience based on the Five Factor Model. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 5.7 years, 1845 participants became diabetic. Of the 5 personality dimensions, only low conscientiousness was associated with an elevated diabetes risk (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.82-0.91 per 1 standard deviation increment in conscientiousness). This association attenuated by 60% after adjustment for obesity and by 25% after adjustment for physical inactivity. Low conscientiousness was also associated with elevated risk of diabetes mortality (HR = 0.72, CI = 0.53-0.98 per 1 standard deviation increment in conscientiousness). Other personality traits were not consistently associated with diabetes incidence or mortality. CONCLUSIONS Low conscientiousness-a cognitive-behavioral disposition reflecting careless behavior and a lack of self-control and planning-is associated with elevated risk of diabetes and diabetes-related mortality. The underlying mechanisms are likely to involve health behaviors, such as poor weight management, physical inactivity, and adherence to medical management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Jokela
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki
| | | | | | - Adam G Tabák
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London
| | - Taina Hintsa
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki
| | - G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London
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Hintsanen M, Puttonen S, Smith K, Törnroos M, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsa T, Merjonen P, Dwyer T, Raitakari OT, Venn A, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Five-factor personality traits and sleep: evidence from two population-based cohort studies. Health Psychol 2014; 33:1214-23. [PMID: 25133841 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examines associations between five factor personality traits and average sleep duration, sleep deficiency, and sleep problems. METHOD The participants were from two population-based samples from Australia (n = 1,104, age range 31-41) and Finland (n = 1,623, age range 30-45). Self-reports of sleep behavior, sleep problems (Jenkin's scale), and five factor model personality traits (NEO-FFI) were collected. Associations between personality traits and sleep were analyzed with linear regressions. RESULTS The results showed that higher extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were, in general, associated with better sleep, whereas higher neuroticism was associated with sleeping less well. Openness was not associated with sleep. Most of the associations were replicable between the samples from the two countries, but personality traits explained only small part of the variance in sleep behavior. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the knowledge on personality and sleep may benefit more personalized treatment of sleep disorders and help in personnel selection to jobs in which it is critical to stay alert. However, longitudinal research is needed to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirka Hintsanen
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- IBS, Unit of Personality Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki
| | - Kylie Smith
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania
| | - Maria Törnroos
- IBS, Unit of Personality Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki
| | - Markus Jokela
- IBS, Unit of Personality Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki
| | | | - Taina Hintsa
- IBS, Unit of Personality Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki
| | - Päivi Merjonen
- IBS, Unit of Personality Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania
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Törnroos M, Hintsanen M, Hintsa T, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Hutri-Kähönen N, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Associations between five-factor model traits and perceived job strain: a population-based study. J Occup Health Psychol 2014; 18:492-500. [PMID: 24099167 DOI: 10.1037/a0033987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between Five-Factor Model personality traits and perceived job strain. The sample consisted of 758 women and 614 men (aged 30-45 years in 2007) participating in the Young Finns study. Personality was assessed with the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire and work stress according to Karasek's demand-control model of job strain. The associations between personality traits and job strain and its components were measured by linear regression analyses where the traits were first entered individually and then simultaneously. The results for the associations between individually entered personality traits showed that high neuroticism, low extraversion, low openness, low conscientiousness, and low agreeableness were associated with high job strain. High neuroticism, high openness, and low agreeableness were related to high demands, whereas high neuroticism, low extraversion, low openness, low conscientiousness, and low agreeableness were associated with low control. In the analyses for the simultaneously entered traits, high neuroticism, low openness, and low conscientiousness were associated with high job strain. In addition, high neuroticism was related to high demands and low control, whereas low extraversion was related to low demands and low control. Low openness and low conscientiousness were also related to low control. This study suggests that personality is related to perceived job strain. Perceptions of work stressors and decision latitude are not only indicators of structural aspects of work but also indicate that there are individual differences in how individuals experience their work environment.
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Hintsa T, Jokela M, Elovainio M, Määttänen I, Swan H, Hintsanen M, Toivonen L, Kontula K, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Stressful life events and depressive symptoms among symptomatic long QT syndrome patients. J Health Psychol 2014; 21:505-12. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105314530450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether long QT syndrome status moderates the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. Participants were 562 ( n = 246 symptomatic) long QT syndrome mutation carriers. Depressive symptoms were measured with a modified version of the Beck’s Depression Inventory. There was an interaction between long QT syndrome status and stressful life events on depressive symptoms. In the symptomatic long QT syndrome patients, stressful life events were associated with depressive symptoms ( B = 0.24, p < 0.001). In the asymptomatic long QT syndrome mutation carriers, this association was 62.5 percent weaker ( B = 0.09, p = 0.057). Compared to asymptomatic long QT syndrome mutation carriers, symptomatic long QT syndrome patients are more sensitive to the depressive effects of stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Hintsa
- IBS, Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Heikki Swan
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- IBS, Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Toivonen
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Törnroos M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hintsa T, Hakulinen C, Pulkki-Råback L, Jokela M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Hintsanen M. Longitudinal measurement invariance of the effort-reward imbalance scales in the Young Finns study. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:289-94. [PMID: 24520148 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to make valid conclusions about individual change in work-related risk factors it is important to examine whether these factors are measurement invariant over time. We tested the measurement invariance of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) scales using the ERI Questionnaire (ERI-Q). Additionally, we examined the criterion validity of the ERI scales. METHODS The sample used in this study was population-based and comprised 2128 participants (56.6% women) in full-time employment. Data on effort, reward and self-reported general stress were collected in 2007 and 2012. Measurement invariance was assessed separately for the effort and reward scales, with reward treated as a first-order and as a second-order variable. Criterion validity of the ERI scales was also examined using a single-item measure of general stress. RESULTS Effort and reward were found to be measurement invariant over time, that is, they measured the same latent variable across both time points. Furthermore, ERI and its components showed adequate criterion validity, and effort was additionally found to prospectively predict general stress 5 years later (β=0.072, 95% CI 0.013 to 0.131). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that changes in the scores of the ERI scales are more likely caused by changes in perceptions of work characteristics than by changes in the construct of the scales. Additionally, the results support the criterion validity of ERI and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Törnroos
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, IBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Määttänen I, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Swan H, Toivonen L, Merjonen P, Hintsa T. Brief report: Emotional distress and recent stressful life events in long QT syndrome mutation carriers. J Health Psychol 2013; 20:1445-50. [PMID: 24335348 DOI: 10.1177/1359105313513049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To study emotional distress in symptomatic and asymptomatic long QT syndrome mutation carriers who had experienced a recent stressful life event. The participants were 209 symptomatic and 279 asymptomatic long QT syndrome mutation carriers. Emotional distress was assessed with the Cope questionnaire and stressful life events with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Symptomatic long QT syndrome mutation carriers with burdening recent stressful life events reported a higher emotional distress (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), while the asymptomatic did not show such difference (β = 0.13, p = 0.393). Symptomatic long QT syndrome mutation carriers who have experienced stressful life events recently report an increased emotional distress.
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Hintsa T, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Age- and Cohort-Related Variance of Type-A Behavior Over 24 Years: the Young Finns Study. Int J Behav Med 2013; 21:927-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Hakulinen C, Jokela M, Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsa T, Merjonen P, Josefsson K, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Childhood family factors predict developmental trajectories of hostility and anger: a prospective study from childhood into middle adulthood. Psychol Med 2013; 43:2417-2426. [PMID: 23369583 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socio-economic status (SES), and a conflictive, cold and unsupportive family environment in childhood have been associated with early adulthood hostility. However, it is unknown whether this association changes in magnitude with age from childhood to adulthood. We investigated whether childhood family factors (SES and parental child-rearing style) predicted differential development of offspring hostility and anger from early to middle adulthood. METHOD Between 2041 and 2316 participants (age range 3-18 years at baseline) were selected from the longitudinal Young Finns study. The participants were followed for 27 years between 1980 and 2007. Childhood SES and parent's self-reported child-rearing style were measured twice: at baseline and 3 years after baseline. Hostility and anger were assessed with self-report questionnaires at 12, 17, 21 and 27 years after baseline. RESULTS Low parental SES and hostile child-rearing style at baseline predicted higher mean levels of offspring anger and hostility. Low parental SES and one of the hostile child-rearing style components (strict disciplinary style) became more strongly associated with offspring hostility with age, suggesting an accumulating effect. CONCLUSIONS Childhood family factors predict the development of hostility and anger over 27 years and some of these family factors have a long-term accumulating effect on the development of hostility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hakulinen
- IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hakulinen C, Jokela M, Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Elovainio M, Hintsa T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Hostility and unemployment: A two-way relationship? Journal of Vocational Behavior 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Määttänen I, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Swan H, Toivonen L, Kontula K, Hintsanen M, Alatupa S, Hintsa T. Stress proneness in molecularly defined long QT syndrome: a study using temperament assessment by behavioural inhibition system scale. Stress Health 2013; 29:150-5. [PMID: 22936642 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac disorder that predisposes the mutation carrier to ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden death. The objective of the present study was to replicate the previous finding in terms of stress-related temperament trait, i.e. behavioural inhibition system (BIS). The study subjects included 583 LQTS mutation carriers (256 symptomatic and 327 asymptomatic) from the Finnish LQTS registry and 79 healthy subjects randomly derived from the population-based sample of the Young Finns Study. Symptomatic and asymptomatic LQTS mutation carriers did not differ from each other on BIS (3.27 versus 3.24, p > 0.05), whereas LQTS mutation carriers scored higher on BIS than the comparison group derived from the representative population-based sample (3.25 versus 2.99, p = 0.003, η² = 0.014). BIS was significantly higher in women than in men (3.32 versus 3.06, p < 0.001, η² = 0.017). The results confirm our previous finding of higher stress proneness of LQTS mutation carriers. Their innate stress proneness may have relevance because it increases our understanding on the role of stress in the manifestation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmari Määttänen
- IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Hintsanen M, Jokela M, Cloninger CR, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsa T, Elovainio M, Josefsson K, Rosenström T, Mullola S, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Temperament and character predict body-mass index: a population-based prospective cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:391-7. [PMID: 23062814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality is a potential factor determining individual differences in body-weight change. The current study examines associations between personality traits and change in body-mass index (BMI) over six years. METHOD The participants were 762 women and 648 men aged 24-39 years at the base-line. Personality was assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). For calculating BMI, height and weight were assessed at a clinic. RESULTS Longitudinal analyses conducted with linear regressions showed that in men and women, higher Novelty seeking predicted higher BMI (p<.05), whereas lower Reward dependence predicted higher BMI in women (p<.05) when baseline BMI was taken into account. In addition, cross-sectional associations for several TCI traits were found in age and education adjusted analyses. In women, higher Self transcendence (p<.05) was associated with higher BMI. In men, higher Novelty seeking (p<.001) and Self transcendence (p<.01) and lower Self directedness (p<.01) and Cooperativeness (p<.05) were associated with higher BMI. In addition, analyses of variance were conducted for multidimensional trait profiles (trait combinations). Significant temperament profile related differences in BMI were found in all analyses in women. Associations with character profiles and in men were less consistent. CONCLUSION The results give support for personality playing a role in weight gain. Knowledge on personality may be used for motivating weight loss and designing weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirka Hintsanen
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Unit of Personality Work and Organizational Psychology, Center for Research on Teaching, Department of Teacher Education, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Hintsanen M, Alatupa S, Jokela M, Lipsanen J, Hintsa T, Leino M. Associations of temperament traits and mathematics grades in adolescents are dependent on the rater but independent of motivation and cognitive ability. Learning and Individual Differences 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Jokela M, Kivimäki M, Hintsanen M, Hintsa T, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Socioeconomic status and the development of depressive symptoms from childhood to adulthood: a longitudinal analysis across 27 years of follow-up in the Young Finns study. Soc Sci Med 2012; 74:923-9. [PMID: 22305468 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined two alternative hypotheses on the association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms: social causation and health selection. The latent growth curve (LGC) approach was used to examine trajectories of change in depressive symptoms over a period of 15 years in a dataset (the Young Finns study) consisting of a nationally representative sample of adolescents and young adults (n = 1613). Depressive symptoms were examined at four examination phases between 1992 and 2007. SES was measured as parental SES childhood (baseline of the study in 1980) and as the participants own SES in 2007 when the participants had reached adulthood and were between 30 and 45 years of age. The level of depressive symptoms was associated (r = -.14) with a slower decrease in symptoms during follow-up. Lower age, male gender, higher parental occupational grade but not parental income and lower negative emotionality in childhood were associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms. Higher age was also associated with a slower decrease in depressive symptoms. A lower level of depression and faster decrease in depressive symptoms were associated with a higher socioeconomic position in adulthood. A similar pattern was found in the relationship between the level of depression and income in adulthood. We concluded that the effect of childhood SES on depressive symptoms diminishes over time, but a higher level of, and especially faster decline of, depressive symptoms predicts the adulthood occupational SES gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Elovainio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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48
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Elovainio M, Hurme M, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Kivimäki M, Hintsanen M, Hintsa T, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Moderating effect of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation in the association between depressive symptoms and carotid atherosclerosis: evidence from the Young Finns study. J Affect Disord 2011; 133:611-4. [PMID: 21600662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and inflammation have been suggested to be involved in the atherosclerotic processes, but empirical evidence is mixed. We tested the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with atherosclerosis only when combined with other risk factors, such as inflammation indicated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation. METHODS Participants were 544 women and 442 men (aged 24-39 years) who participated in the Young Finns Study medical examinations in 2001 and 2007. At baseline (in 2001), IDO activity (tryptophan and kynurenine ratio) and other biological and behavioral risk factors were assessed and depressive symptoms were determined using a modified 21-item Beck Depression Inventory. Carotid atherosclerosis was measured on the basis of carotid intimamedia thickness (IMT) at baseline and again in 2007. RESULTS In women, IDO activity moderated the association between depressive symptoms and IMT (p=0.02), so that a longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and IMT was found only in combination with high IDO activity (B=0.21, p=0.009). This association was robust to adjustment for other risk factors except body mass index and lipids which largely removed the association. LIMITATIONS The results of this study need to be confirmed using larger data sets and studies using clinical cut-off point for depression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with preclinical y carotid atherosclerosis only if they are linked to inflammation, and that this association is present only in women. Underlying mechanisms are unknown but probably relate to adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Määttänen I, Hintsa T, Toivonen L, Swan H, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsanen M, Kontula K, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Cloninger's temperament traits and inherited long QT syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2011; 71:245-9. [PMID: 21911102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac disorder which predisposes the mutation carrier to ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden death. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between the symptom status of congenital long QT syndrome mutation carriers and their temperament. METHODS The study subjects included 587 LQTS mutation carriers from the Finnish LQTS registry, and 2056 individuals from a database study, the Young Finns Study (YFS), representing general population and serving as control subjects. The LQTS subjects were divided into symptomatic (n=259) and asymptomatic (n=328) groups, according to their history of arrhythmic events. Temperament was assessed using the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), assessing novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence. RESULTS Congenital long QT syndrome mutation carriers had a higher harm avoidance (HA) than those representing the general population (2.77 vs. 2.61, p<.001, η²=0.011). Symptomatic and asymptomatic LQTS mutation carriers did not differ from one another in any of the three Cloninger's temperament traits. HA was significantly higher in women (2.72 vs. 2.54, p<0.001 η²=0.017). CONCLUSIONS LQTS mutation carriers may have higher stress proneness because of their high HA, which in turn may predispose them to the effects of environmental loading and thus increase the risk of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmari Määttänen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hintsa T, Hintsanen M, Jokela M, Elovainio M, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. The influence of temperament on long-term job strain and its components: The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study. Personality and Individual Differences 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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