1
|
Li J, Liu C, Wulandari T, Wang P, Li K, Ren L, Liu X. The relationship between dimensions of empathy and symptoms of depression among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1034119. [PMID: 36620303 PMCID: PMC9813512 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1034119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear, despite the established link between empathy and depression. The network analysis offers a novel framework for visualizing the association between empathy and depression as a complex system consisting of interacting nodes. In this study, we investigated the nuanced associations between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression using a network model during the pandemic. Methods 1,177 students completed the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), measuring dimensions of empathy, and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), measuring symptoms of depression. First, we investigated the nuanced associations between different dimensions of empathy and individual depressive symptoms. Then, we calculated the bridge expected influence to examine how different dimensions of empathy may activate or deactivate the symptoms of depression cluster. Finally, we conducted a network comparison test to explore whether network characteristics such as empathy-depression edges and bridge nodes differed between genders. Results First, our findings showed that personal distress was positively linked to symptoms of depression. These symptoms involved psychomotor agitation or retardation (edge weight = 0.18), sad mood (edge weight = 0.12), trouble with concentrating (edge weight = 0.11), and guilt (edge weight = 0.10). Perspective-taking was found to be negatively correlated with trouble with concentrating (edge weight = -0.11). Empathic concern was negatively associated with suicidal thoughts (edge weight = -0.10) and psychomotor agitation or retardation (edge weight = -0.08). Fantasy was not connected with any symptoms of depression. Second, personal distress and empathic concern were the most positive and negative influential nodes that bridged empathy and depression (values of bridge expected influence were 0.51 and -0.19 and values of predictability were 0.24 and 0.24, respectively). The estimates of the bridge expected influence on the nodes were adequately stable (correlation stability coefficient = 0.75). Finally, no sex differences in the studied network characteristics were observed. Conclusions This study applied network analysis to reveal potential pathways between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression. The findings supported the existing theoretical system and contribute to the theoretical mechanism. We have also made efforts to suggest interventions and preventions based on personal distress and empathic concern, the two most important dimensions of empathy for depressive symptoms. These efforts may help Chinese university students to adopt better practical methods to overcome symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VI, Australia
| | - Teresa Wulandari
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VI, Australia
| | - Panhui Wang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Department of Developmental Psychology for Armyman, School of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Lei Ren
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,Xufeng Liu
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berlamont L, Hodges S, Sels L, Ceulemans E, Ickes W, Hinnekens C, Verhofstadt L. Motivation and empathic accuracy during conflict interactions in couples: it's complicated! MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2022; 47:208-228. [PMID: 36405765 PMCID: PMC9646273 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-022-09982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to broadly investigate the role of relationship-, self-, and partner-serving motivation in empathic accuracy in couples' conflict interactions. To this end, a laboratory study was set up in which couples (n = 172) participated in a conflict interaction task, followed immediately by a video-review task during which they reported their own feelings and thoughts and inferred those of their partner to assess empathic accuracy. We used both trait and state measures of relationship-, self-, and partner-serving motivation, and we experimentally induced these three categories of motivation. Relationship-serving state motivation predicted greater empathic accuracy. In contrast, experimentally induced partner-serving motivation resulted in less empathic accuracy for men. Self-serving motivation was not found to be associated with empathic accuracy, nor were any of the trait measures. These findings underscore the complexity of the association between motivation and empathic accuracy in partners' conflict interactions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11031-022-09982-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Berlamont
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Hodges
- grid.170202.60000 0004 1936 8008University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Laura Sels
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Ceulemans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William Ickes
- grid.267315.40000 0001 2181 9515University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Novak L, Malinakova K, Mikoska P, van Dijk JP, Tavel P. Neural correlates of compassion - An integrative systematic review. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 172:46-59. [PMID: 34963634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Compassion is a psychological construct that has received increasing attention in recent years. Even though a lot of work has been done to identify neural correlates of empathy across studies, such work has not been properly done on neural correlates of compassion. Therefore, the aim was to systematically review the literature on neural correlates of compassion. We have searched through PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published between 1985 and 2020. We included the studies (n = 35) examining the relationship between brain structure or function and compassion. Screening was performed by two authors, between whom a level of agreement was calculated. The quality of the studies was assessed by measures used in other studies as well by measures specific for our study aims. This study was conducted under PRISMA guidelines. Our analysis revealed that the most frequent neural associations with compassion across all analysed studies can be found in the orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, in the right cerebellum, the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, in the bilateral insula and the right caudate nucleus. Our findings suggest that people displaying a lower compassion tend to have either lower neural activity or a grey matter volume in neural areas associated with reward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Novak
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Klara Malinakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mikoska
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Associations of affective and cognitive empathy with depressive symptoms among a sample of Chinese college freshmen. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:652-659. [PMID: 34153836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College freshmen are at high risk for mental and socioemotional problems after entering a new environment. However, few investigators have evaluated the associations between empathy and depressive symptoms among college freshmen. The present study examined the presence and associations of affective and cognitive empathy with depressive symptoms among college freshmen in China. METHODS In total, 4297 college freshmen completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index as an assessment of empathy and the University Personality Inventory to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms. RESULTS The empathy scores of females were higher than that of males, and approximately 18.4% of freshmen had high-depressive symptoms (HDS). Freshmen with a higher positive component of affective empathy (empathic concern (EC)) experienced fewer HDS. In contrast, freshmen with a higher negative component of affective empathy (personal distress (PD)) and lower cognitive empathy (perspective taking (PT)) experienced more HDS. EC was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, PD was positively related to depressive symptoms, and PT was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Males with a higher degree of PT experienced fewer HDS, while females with a higher degree of PT experienced more HDS. CONCLUSION Affective empathy was positively associated with depressive symptoms, while cognitive empathy was negatively related to depressive symptoms. The association between affective and cognitive empathy with depressive symptoms may add some support to the detection of clinical depressive symptoms. These findings call for the necessity of considering the characteristics of affective and cognitive empathy as a crucial concern in the prevention of depressive symptoms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Namba S, Kabir RS, Matsuda K, Noguchi Y, Kambara K, Kobayashi R, Shigematsu J, Miyatani M, Nakao T. Fantasy Component of Interpersonal Reactivity is Associated with Empathic Accuracy: Findings from Behavioral Experiments with Implications for Applied Settings. READING PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02702711.2021.1939823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shushi Namba
- Psychological Process Research Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Russell Sarwar Kabir
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Noguchi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Kambara
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Shigematsu
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyatani
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakao
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nowakowska I. Volunteerism in the last year as a moderator between empathy and altruistic social value orientation: an exploratory study. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 10:10-20. [PMID: 38013753 PMCID: PMC10653356 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volunteerism is a sustained prosocial activity, and young adults are one of the most important targets for organizations recruiting volunteers. Empathy and altruistic social value orientation measured by a decomposed game are dispositional traits that might foster engagement in volunteerism. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Using a self-report online-based questionnaire study on two groups of young adults (aged 18-35, N = 224 non-volunteers and N = 178 volunteers in the last year) the relationship between empathy and altruistic social value orientation in both of these groups was explored. RESULTS The results showed that volunteers scored significantly higher on empathy and altruistic social value orientation than non-volunteers. In non-volunteers, empathy is positively linked to altruistic social value orientation, whereas for volunteers the relationship is inversed. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that volunteers, when high on empathy, might not necessarily be ready to share financial resources with others, as operationalized by a decomposed game.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowakowska
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fei W, Geng Y, Wang S, Ma Q, Peng X, Zhang M, Zhang T. Association between parental control and subclinical depressive symptoms in a sample of college freshmen: Roles of empathy and gender. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:301-308. [PMID: 33756308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College freshmen are at high-risk for depressive symptoms after experiencing drastic transitions in a new environment. Perceived parental control has proved as a prominent role in an adolescent's mental health. However, the further understandings of the mechanisms underlying the relation between perceived parental control and freshmen's depressive symptoms are urgent. METHODS A total of 4,297 Chinese freshmen (57% female) were recruited. They completed the self-report Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and University Personality Inventory (UPI), which assess parental control, empathy and depressive symptoms, respectively. The data were analysed using correlation analysis and a test of moderated mediation. RESULTS The results showed positive association between parental control and depressive symptoms, partially mediated by empathy. The relation between parental control and affective empathy, was moderated by gender. Specifically, maternal control had a more significant positive effect on males' personal distress. Moreover, the influence of paternal control was also greater for males, with a negative effect on empathic concern and positive on personal distress. CONCLUSIONS Parental control significantly positively predicted college freshmen's depressive symptoms, and empathy played a partially mediating role. In addition, the relations between parental control and affective empathy were moderated by freshmen's gender. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of how parental control is related to freshmen's depressive symptoms, offering a theoretical basis for promoting the development of adolescents' mental health and supporting the design of effective psychological interventions to relieve their depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Fei
- School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiran Geng
- School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaishai Wang
- School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- The third People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Peng
- Department of Mental Health, High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wong WI, Tsui WBP, Siu TSC. Empathic accuracy of young boys and girls in ongoing parent-child interactions: Performance and (mis)perception. J Exp Child Psychol 2020; 203:105042. [PMID: 33302130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding others accurately is crucial in relationships and learning. Research shows that adults face challenges in empathic accuracy, that is, the ability to read the content of others' moment-to-moment mental states during interactions. Although young children possess some empathic understanding, the extent of their empathic accuracy is uncharted. Using a new SSP, 106 Chinese children aged 60 to 80 months (M = 70 months) were assessed on their ability to infer the mental states of adults in ongoing parent-child interactions. Replicating and extending extant findings on adults and adolescents, the children's inferences were found to be, at least computationally on a scale of .00 to 1.00, more often inaccurate than accurate regardless of the gender of the targets or participants (overall accuracy rate = .28). However, both the children and their primary caregivers overestimated the children's performance. In addition, although the primary caregivers expected girls to outperform boys, no gender difference in empathic accuracy was found when controlling for verbal fluency. Drawing on the findings of this first-ever application of the empathic accuracy paradigm in young children, the implications of empathic accuracy performance and misperceptions about such accuracy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ivy Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Gender Studies Program, Faculty of Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Tik-Sze Carrey Siu
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mayor E. Nonverbal Immediacy Mediates the Relationship Between Interpersonal Motives and Belongingness. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2020; 5:596429. [PMID: 33869522 PMCID: PMC8022754 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2020.596429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While belongingness is a predictor of mental and physical health, the lack of social bonds is an issue for many people in occidental countries. This issue calls for global and affordable solutions. In this study, we notably investigated (a) the presumed positive relationships between agentic and communal interactional motives and belongingness, and (b) the mediating role of self-reported non-verbal immediacy-an indicator of availability to interact-in these relationships. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were collected by means of questionnaires to test these hypotheses (N Crossectional = 344; N Longitudinal = 126) using the General Belongingness Scale, the Non-verbal Immediacy Scale, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results supported the hypotheses: Interpersonal motives and non-verbal immediacy are associated cross-sectionally to belongingness, non-verbal immediacy mediates the interpersonal motives-belongingness relationship and positive changes in non-verbal immediacy are also related to increased belongingness. Practical and research implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mayor
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jospe K, Genzer S, klein Selle N, Ong D, Zaki J, Perry A. The contribution of linguistic and visual cues to physiological synchrony and empathic accuracy. Cortex 2020; 132:296-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
11
|
Hinnekens C, Stas L, Gistelinck F, Verhofstadt LL. “I think you understand me.” Studying the associations between actual, assumed, and perceived understanding within couples. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hinnekens
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Lara Stas
- Department of Data Analyses Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Lesley L. Verhofstadt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
DiGirolamo MA, Simon JC, Hubley KM, Kopulsky A, Gutsell JN. Clarifying the relationship between trait empathy and action-based resonance indexed by EEG mu-rhythm suppression. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107172. [PMID: 31425710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor resonance, the vicarious activation of the sensory motor system during observation of another's actions, is thought to contribute to important social functions including empathy. Previous research has shown that sensorimotor resonance, as measured by suppression of the electrophysiological (EEG) mu rhythm, is predicted by trait empathy, but findings are inconsistent. Here we report data from a high-powered study (N = 252) to clarify the relationship between sensorimotor resonance as indexed by mu suppression during action observation and trait empathy as measured by the well-established Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Our initial pre-registered analyses at central electrode locations indicate that sensorimotor resonance is unrelated to general trait empathy or its sub-facets, however, these effects could not be isolated from attention-related occipital alpha. An additional non-registered analysis using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to look at the isolated central mu-component clarified the relationship. Results confirmed the lack of a relationship between the mu-component and the perspective taking, personal distress, or fantasy facets of the IRI, but suggest a possible association with empathic concern such that greater resonance is associated with greater empathic concern. These results question the previously assumed relationship between trait empathy and sensorimotor resonance and highlight the need to investigate experience sharing tendencies in the context of simulation-based resonance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Israelashvili J, Oosterwijk S, Sauter D, Fischer A. Knowing me, knowing you: emotion differentiation in oneself is associated with recognition of others’ emotions. Cogn Emot 2019; 33:1461-1471. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2019.1577221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Israelashvili
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Oosterwijk
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Disa Sauter
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agneta Fischer
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yoder JD, Zipp JF. Helping Students to Connect Gender With Social Status. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684317731886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice D. Yoder
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - John F. Zipp
- Department of Sociology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jüri Allik
- University of Tartu; The Estonian Academy of Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Troche SJ, Herzberg PY. On the role of dominance and nurturance in the confluence model: A person-centered approach to the prediction of sexual aggression. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:251-262. [PMID: 27775152 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Malamuth's (1998) confluence model holds that the combination of hostile masculinity, impersonal sexuality, and the constellation of high dominance and low nurturance plays a crucial role in explaining men's sexual aggression against women. Most studies on the confluence model concentrate on hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality rather than dominance and nurturance. Using a person-centered approach, we investigated whether sexual aggressive men could be better identified in a sample of 692 men when not only hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality but also dominance and nurturance were used as indicators in a latent profile analysis. Regardless of whether dominance and nurturance were considered or not, latent profile analyses revealed a high-risk group, which showed higher sexual aggression than other groups. In both cases, the sensitivity (i.e., the proportion of sexually aggressive men correctly assigned to the high-risk group) was low (33% and 31%, respectively) but increased substantially for the identification of severe sexual aggression. The positive prediction value, however, increased from 68% to 78% when dominance and nurturance were considered as predictor variables in addition to hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality, indicating that more men assigned to the high-risk group were indeed sexually aggressive. These results demonstrate the power of the confluence model for identifying sexually aggressive men from a person-centered perspective. They also point to the necessity of expanding this perspective by considering further (e.g., situational) risk factors, which have previously been identified as predicting sexually aggressive behavior in men. Aggr. Behav. 43:251-262, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Troche
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy; University of Witten/Herdecke; Witten Germany
| | - Philipp Yorck Herzberg
- Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces; Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dean ML, Tate CC. Extending the Legacy of Sandra Bem: Psychological Androgyny as a Touchstone Conceptual Advance for the Study of Gender in Psychological Science. SEX ROLES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Tsirigotis K, Łuczak J. Gender Differentiation of Relationships Between Manifestations of Indirect Self-Destructiveness and Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence. Psychiatr Q 2016; 87:387-400. [PMID: 26589424 PMCID: PMC4945689 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-015-9402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study has been to explore the gender differentiation of relationships between individual manifestations of indirect self-destructiveness and particular dimensions of emotional intelligence. A population of 260 individuals (130 women and 130 men) aged 20-30 (mean age of 24.5) was studied by using the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS) and INTE, i.e. the Polish version of the Assessing Emotions Scale (AES). Manifestations of indirect self-destructiveness showed significant correlations with INTE variables, and those correlations were mainly negative. Relationships between specific dimensions of emotional intelligence and specific manifestations of self-destructiveness differed between women and men. One of the most important differences was the relationship between transgression and ability to recognize emotions. The knowledge of the differentiation of the above relationships may allow to orient prophylactic and therapeutic actions, and adjust them to the specific gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsirigotis
- Department of Psychology, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Piotrków Trybunalski Branch, Słowackiego 114/118 str., 97-300, Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland.
| | - Joanna Łuczak
- Department of Psychology, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Piotrków Trybunalski Branch, Słowackiego 114/118 str., 97-300, Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Allik J, de Vries RE, Realo A. Why are moderators of self-other agreement difficult to establish? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Taylor SJ, Barker LA, Heavey L, McHale S. The longitudinal development of social and executive functions in late adolescence and early adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:252. [PMID: 26441579 PMCID: PMC4569858 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier work suggests that, executive functions and social cognition show protracted development into late adolescence and early adulthood (Taylor et al., 2013). However, it remains unknown whether these functions develop linearly or non-linearly corresponding to dynamic changes to white matter density at these age ranges. Executive functions are particularly in demand during the transition to independence and autonomy associated with this age range (Ahmed and Miller, 2011). Previous research examining executive function (Romine and Reynolds, 2005) and social cognition (Dumontheil et al., 2010a) in late adolescence has utilized a cross sectional design. The current study employed a longitudinal design with 58 participants aged 17, 18, and 19 years completing social cognition and executive function tasks, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (Wechsler, 1999), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) at Time 1 with follow up testing 12–16 months later. Inhibition, rule detection, strategy generation and planning executive functions and emotion recognition with dynamic stimuli showed longitudinal development between time points. Self-report empathy and emotion recognition functions using visual static and auditory stimuli were stable by age 17 whereas concept formation declined between time points. The protracted development of some functions may reflect continued brain maturation into late adolescence and early adulthood including synaptic pruning (Sowell et al., 2001) and changes to functional connectivity (Stevens et al., 2007) and/or environmental change. Clinical implications, such as assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation following Head Injury, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, UK
| | - Lynne A Barker
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, UK
| | - Lisa Heavey
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue McHale
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Re-assessing the Role of Gender-Related Cognitions for Self-Esteem: The Importance of Gender Typicality for Cisgender Adults. SEX ROLES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-015-0458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
22
|
Tully EC, Ames AM, Garcia SE, Donohue MR. Quadratic Associations Between Empathy and Depression as Moderated by Emotion Dysregulation. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 150:15-35. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2014.992382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
23
|
The effects of culture and gender on perceived self-other similarity in personality. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Konstantakopoulos G, Oulis P, Ploumpidis D, Patrikelis P, Nikitopoulou S, Papadimitriou GN, David AS. Self-rated and performance-based empathy in schizophrenia: the impact of cognitive deficits. Soc Neurosci 2014; 9:590-600. [PMID: 24968720 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2014.934395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
People may be much less empathic than they think they are. It is not clear whether patients with schizophrenia who have impaired empathic abilities also exhibit diminished ability to accurately appraise their own such skills. The present study aimed to examine: (a) the accuracy of self-appraisal of empathy and (b) the impact of specific cognitive functions on both self-rated and performance-based empathy in schizophrenia patients and healthy volunteers. Self-reported empathy and performance-based empathy were assessed in 52 chronic patients with schizophrenia and 45 matched healthy participants with the empathy quotient and the empathy score in the Faux Pas test, respectively. Neuropsychological functioning and symptom severity were also assessed. No significant correlations between self-reported and performance-based empathy scores were found in patients, whereas these correlations were significant and positive in the control group, with the exception of Faux Pas recognition. Cognitive deficits, specifically in processing speed and theory of mind, negatively affected performance-based but not self-rated empathy in schizophrenia. Patients with less negative and more positive symptoms and lower set shifting ability reported higher empathic abilities. Self-reported empathy and empathic abilities do not show a simple relationship. Our findings highlight a double deficit related to empathic responding in schizophrenia: diminished performance associated with cognitive deficits and inaccurate self-appraisal of empathic abilities.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lelorain S, Brédart A, Dolbeault S, Cano A, Bonnaud-Antignac A, Cousson-Gélie F, Sultan S. How can we explain physician accuracy in assessing patient distress? A multilevel analysis in patients with advanced cancer. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2014; 94:322-327. [PMID: 24315158 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the determinants of the accuracy with which physicians assess metastatic cancer patient distress, also referred to as their empathic accuracy (EA). Hypothesized determinants were physician empathic attitude, self-efficacy in empathic skills, physician-perceived rapport with the patient, patient distress and patient expressive suppression. METHODS Twenty-eight physicians assessed their patients' distress level on the distress thermometer, while patients (N=201) independently rated their distress level on the same tool. EA was the difference between both scores in absolute value. Hypothesized determinants were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Multilevel analyses were carried out. RESULTS Little of the variance in EA was explained by physician variables. EA was higher with higher levels of patient distress. Physician-perceived quality of rapport was positively associated with EA. However, for highly distressed patients, good rapport was associated with lower EA. Patient expressive suppression was also related to lower EA. CONCLUSION This study adds to the understanding of EA in oncological settings, particularly in challenging the common assumption that EA depends largely on physician characteristics or that better rapport would always favor higher EA. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Physicians should ask patients for feedback regarding their emotions. In parallel, patients should be prompted to express their concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lelorain
- University of Lille Nord de France, Department of Psychology, Lille, France; UDL3, URECA, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Anne Brédart
- Institut Curie, Psycho-oncology Unit, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, LPPS EA 4057 - IUPDP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sylvie Dolbeault
- Institut Curie, Psycho-oncology Unit, Paris, France; Inserm, U 669, Paris, France; Universtity of Paris-Sud and University of Paris Descartes, UMR-S0669, Paris, France
| | | | - Angélique Bonnaud-Antignac
- University of Nantes, EA4275 SPHERE 'bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research', Nantes, France
| | - Florence Cousson-Gélie
- University of Montpellier 3, Laboratory Epsylon 'Dynamics of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors', Montpellier, France; ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Epidaure Prevention and Education Cancer Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Sultan
- University of Montreal, Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Empathy in adults with clinical or subclinical depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2013; 150:1-16. [PMID: 23668900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with problems in social functioning. Impaired empathic abilities might underlie this association. Empathy is a multidimensional construct and involves both affective and cognitive processes. We reviewed the literature to find out to what extent depression may be associated with abnormal levels of affective and cognitive empathy. We also explored potential gender differences in these associations. METHODS We used PsycInfo and Medline to conduct a systematic review of all studies on empathy and depression conducted in individuals with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD; patient samples) or in individuals with primarily subclinical depressive symptoms (analog samples). RESULTS Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that depression was related to one type of affective empathy. Specifically, depression was related to high levels of empathic stress but not to abnormal empathic concern. Further, depression was related to limited cognitive empathy, as indicated by poor perspective taking, theory of mind, and empathic accuracy. LIMITATIONS Few studies have considered the variable gender in their design and analyses. Between and within study variation in demographic and clinical variables limits the interpretation of results. Self-report measures of empathy are subjective and vulnerable to bias. Poor performance on the more objective laboratory tasks might partially be explained by the broader cognitive deficits commonly observed in depression. Lastly, because all studies used a cross-sectional design, causality is difficult to establish. CONCLUSIONS Empathic abilities may be impaired in depression. The relation between empathy, depression, and gender is unclear. Future studies could use implicit and more ecologically valid measures of empathy. Insight into impaired empathy in depression may not only help explain poor social functioning in MDD but also benefit clinician-patient interactions.
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Konrath SH, O'Brien EH, Hsing C. Changes in dispositional empathy in American college students over time: a meta-analysis. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2010; 15:180-98. [PMID: 20688954 DOI: 10.1177/1088868310377395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines changes over time in a commonly used measure of dispositional empathy. A cross-temporal meta-analysis was conducted on 72 samples of American college students who completed at least one of the four subscales (Empathic Concern, Perspective Taking, Fantasy, and Personal Distress) of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) between 1979 and 2009 (total N = 13,737). Overall, the authors found changes in the most prototypically empathic subscales of the IRI: Empathic Concern was most sharply dropping, followed by Perspective Taking. The IRI Fantasy and Personal Distress subscales exhibited no changes over time. Additional analyses found that the declines in Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern are relatively recent phenomena and are most pronounced in samples from after 2000.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hodges SD, Kiel KJ, Kramer ADI, Veach D, Villanueva BR. Giving Birth to Empathy: The Effects of Similar Experience on Empathic Accuracy, Empathic Concern, and Perceived Empathy. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2009; 36:398-409. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167209350326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how having had a similar experience to a target person’s experience affected three facets of empathy: empathic concern, empathic accuracy, and perceived empathy. Women who had never been mothers, who were pregnant with their first child, or who had just given birth to their first child (20 in each group) served as perceivers, watching videotapes of new-mother targets ( N = 20) and providing measures of emotional and cognitive empathy. When perceivers had experienced the same life events as the targets, they expressed greater empathic concern and reported greater understanding of targets. However, experience had a much smaller effect on empathic accuracy, limited to comparisons between new-mother and never-pregnant perceivers and only for accuracy at guessing stereotypic attitudes, not individual thoughts. Perceived empathy, in contrast, appeared to be influenced by targets’ knowledge of whether perceivers had experienced similar events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darya Veach
- Educational Policy Improvement Center, Eugene OR
| | | |
Collapse
|