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Costa MM, Spínola MP, Alves VD, Mestre Prates JA. Improving protein extraction and peptide production from Chlorella vulgaris using combined mechanical/physical and enzymatic pre-treatments. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32704. [PMID: 38988577 PMCID: PMC11233943 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris is a microalga rich in proteins with potential applications in food and feed industries. However, the presence of a cellulose-containing cell wall, which is a major barrier to protein extraction, together with fibroproteinaceous complexes, limits the bioaccessibility of nutritional and bioactive proteins and peptides from C. vulgaris biomass. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different mechanical/physical pre-treatments (bead milling, extrusion, freeze-drying, heating, microwave and sonication) combined or not with enzymatic treatments (commercial trypsin and pancreatin) on protein extraction and peptide formation from a C. vulgaris suspension. The amount of total protein and peptides released to the supernatant was quantified by Bradford and o-phthaldialdehyde assays, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyse the extracted protein fractions. The results showed that extrusion caused a 3-fold increase in total peptides (p < 0.001) compared to no-pretreatment, and trypsin increased peptides formed in bead-milled (p = 0.020) and freeze-dried (p = 0.021) microalga relative to those pre-treatments alone. Some pre-treatments, such as bead milling and microwave, were effective in releasing specific protein fractions, particularly those from 32 to 40 kDa (up to 1.2-fold), compared to control. Pancreatin combined with bead milling decreased 32 to 40 kDa- and 26 kDa-protein fractions (p < 0.010) compared with the sole use of mechanical treatment, whereas the same enzyme mixture associated with microwave produced a similar result for 26 kDa-protein fraction (p = 0.023). Pancreatin also effectively reduced the total protein fraction released after pre-treatment with sonication (p = 0.013). These findings suggest that combining different pre-treatments and enzymatic treatments could improve protein extraction from C. vulgaris biomass, providing a useful approach for the development of sustainable protein sources. The present results highlight the need for further studies to assess the efficacy of extrusion in improving the bioaccessibility of C. vulgaris proteins in monogastric animals' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Mendes Costa
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Pinheiro Spínola
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victor Diogo Alves
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José António Mestre Prates
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
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Selim S, Abdel-Megeid NS, Alhotan RA, Ebrahim A, Hussein E. Nutraceuticals vs. antibiotic growth promoters: differential impacts on performance, meat quality, blood lipids, cecal microbiota, and organ histomorphology of broiler chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103971. [PMID: 38941788 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutraceuticals vs. in-feed antibiotics on performance, blood lipids, antioxidant capacity, cecal microbiota, and organ histomorphology of broiler chickens. A total of 320 one-day-old male broiler chickens were distributed into 5 treatment groups with 8 replicates each. The control group was fed on a basal diet without any additives (NC); the antibiotic group was fed on a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 avilamycin (PC); the algal group was fed on a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris (1.5 g + 1.5 g/kg feed) (SP+CV); the essential oil group was fed with a basal diet containing 300 mg/kg feed rosemary oil (REO); and the probiotics group (a mixture of 1 × 1011 CFU/g Bacillus licheniformis, 1 × 1011 CFU/g Enterococcus facieum, 1 × 1010 CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus, and 2 × 108 CFU /g Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0.05% probiotics (PRO). The experiment lasted for 35 d. A beneficial effect of SP+CV and PRO (P < 0.01) was noticed on final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and breast yield. The dietary supplementation with SP+CV, REO, and PRO increased (P < 0.001) broilers' cecal lactic acid bacteria count compared to the control. Lower cecal Clostridium perfringens and Coliform counts (P < 0.001) were noticed in chickens fed the PC and supplemental diets. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was decreased, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes were increased in the breast and thigh meat (P < 0.001) of broiler chickens fed SP+CV, REO, and PRO diets. Dietary SP+CV, REO, and PRO supplementation decreased (P < 0.001) serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and MDA, but increased serum high-density lipoprotein and GPx compared to PC and NC. No pathological lesions were noticed in the liver, kidney, or breast muscle among broilers. The SP+CV, REO, and PRO groups had greater (P < 0.001) intestinal villi height and crypt depth while lower goblet cell densities (P < 0.01) than the control. The present findings suggest that PRO and SP+CV, followed by REO could be suitable alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for enhancing the performance, health, and meat quality of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt.
| | - Nazema S Abdel-Megeid
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Ebrahim
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Eman Hussein
- Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
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Costa MM, Spínola MP, Tavares B, Pestana JM, Tavares JC, Martins CF, Alfaia CM, Carvalho DFP, Mendes AR, Ferreira JI, Mourato MP, Lordelo MM, Prates JAM. Effects of high dietary inclusion of Arthrospira platensis, either extruded or supplemented with a super-dosing multi-enzyme mixture, on broiler growth performance and major meat quality parameters. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:176. [PMID: 38711127 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation assessed the effects of high dietary inclusion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on broiler chicken growth performance, meat quality and nutritional attributes. For this, 120 male broiler chicks were housed in 40 battery brooders (three birds per brooder). Initially, for 14 days, a standard corn and soybean meal diet was administered. Subsequently, from days 14 to 35, chicks were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (n = 10 per treatment): (1) control diet (CTR); (2) diet with 15% Spirulina (SP); (3) diet with 15% extruded Spirulina (SPE); and (4) diet with 15% Spirulina plus a super-dosing enzymes supplement (0.20% pancreatin extract and 0.01% lysozyme) (SPM). RESULTS Throughout the experimental period, both SP and SPM diets resulted in decreased final body weight and body weight gain compared to control (p < 0.001), with the SPE diet showing comparable results to CTR. The SPE diet prompted an increase in average daily feed intake (p = 0.026). However, all microalga treatments increased the feed conversion ratio compared to CTR. Dietary inclusion of Spirulina notably increased intestinal content viscosity (p < 0.010), which was mitigated by the SPM diet. Spirulina supplementation led to lower pH levels in breast meat 24 h post-mortem and heightened the b* colour value in both breast and thigh meats (p < 0.010). Furthermore, Spirulina contributed to an increased accumulation of total carotenoids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), while diminishing n-6 PUFA, thus altering the n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratios favourably (p < 0.001). However, it also reduced zinc concentration in breast meat (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that high Spirulina levels in broiler diets impair growth due to increased intestinal viscosity, and that extrusion pre-treatment mitigates this effect. Despite reducing digesta viscosity, a super-dosing enzyme mix did not improve growth. Data also indicates that Spirulina enriches meat with antioxidants and n-3 PUFA but reduces α-tocopherol and increases saturated fats. Reduced zinc content in meat suggests the need for Spirulina biofortification to maintain its nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica M Costa
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria P Spínola
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Tavares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Pestana
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João C Tavares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia F Martins
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Alfaia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela F P Carvalho
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana R Mendes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana I Ferreira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel P Mourato
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena M Lordelo
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Alghamdi MA, Reda FM, Mahmoud HK, Bahshwan SMA, Salem HM, Alhazmi WA, Soror AFS, Mostafa NG, Attia S, Mohamed MDA, Saad AM, El-Tarabily KA, Abdelgeliel AS. The potential of Spirulina platensis to substitute antibiotics in Japanese quail diets: impacts on growth, carcass traits, antioxidant status, blood biochemical parameters, and cecal microorganisms. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103350. [PMID: 38262339 PMCID: PMC10831102 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms prompted the investigation of possible antibiotic substitutes. As a result, the purpose of the current study is to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina platensis extract as an antibiotic alternative on Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) growth, antioxidant status, blood parameters, and cecal microorganisms. There was a total of 150 Japanese quails used in this study, divided equally among 5 experimental groups (10 birds per group with 3 replicates): group 1 (G1) received a basal diet without any S. platensis extract, group 2 (G2) received a basal diet supplemented with 1 mL S. platensis extract/kg, group 3 (G3) received a basal diet supplemented with 2 mL S. platensis extract/kg, group 4 (G4) received a basal diet supplemented with 3 mL S. platensis extract/kg, and group 5 (G5) received a basal diet supplemented with 4 mL S. platensis extract/kg from d 7 until d 35. The results showed that compared to the control birds in G1, Japanese quail supplemented with 4 mL of S. platensis extract/kg of diet (G5) had significantly better live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, digestive enzymes, blood parameters, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, antioxidant profile, immunological parameters, and cecal microorganism's count. There were no significant changes in the percentage of carcasses, liver, and total giblets among all the 5 groups. Only gizzard percentage showed a significant increase in G2 compared to birds in G1. In addition, intestinal pH showed a significant drop in G2 and G5 compared to birds in G1. After cooking the quail meat, the juiciness and tenderness increased as S. platensis extract levels increased, whereas aroma and taste declined slightly as S. platensis extract levels increased. Furthermore, when a high concentration of S. platensis extract was used, the lightness of the meat reduced while its redness and yellowness increased. The disk diffusion assay showed that S. platensis extract had significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella typhi, with inhibition zones ranging from 16 to 42 mm. This activity may be attributable to the volatile chemicals in S. platensis extract, of which Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the primary components. In the diet of Japanese quails, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the extract of S. platensis can be utilized as a feed additive and as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashail A Alghamdi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayiz M Reda
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hemat K Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Safia M A Bahshwan
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Ahmed Alhazmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abel-Fattah Salah Soror
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nadeen G Mostafa
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sally Attia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mazhar D A Mohamed
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asmaa Sayed Abdelgeliel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Shitanaka T, Fujioka H, Khan M, Kaur M, Du ZY, Khanal SK. Recent advances in microalgal production, harvesting, prediction, optimization, and control strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129924. [PMID: 37925082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The market value of microalgae has grown exponentially over the past two decades, due to their use in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and aquatic/animal feed industries. In particular, high-value products such as omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, and pigments derived from microalgae have high demand. However, the supply of these high-value microalgal bioproducts is hampered by several critical factors, including low biomass and bioproduct yields, inefficiencies in monitoring microalgal growth, and costly harvesting methods. To overcome these constraints, strategies such as synthetic biology, bubble generation, photobioreactor designs, electro-/magnetic-/bioflocculation, and artificial intelligence integration in microalgal production are being explored. These strategies have significant promise in improving the production of microalgae, which will further boost market availability of algal-derived bioproducts. This review focuses on the recent advances in these technologies. Furthermore, this review aims to provide a critical analysis of the challenges in existing algae bioprocessing methods, and highlights future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Shitanaka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Haylee Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Muzammil Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Zhi-Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
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Silva MRL, Alves JPM, Fernandes CCL, Cavalcanti CM, Conde AJH, Bezerra AF, Soares ACS, Tetaping GM, de Sá NAR, Teixeira DÍA, do Rego AC, Rodrigues APR, Rondina D. Use of green microalgae Chlorella as a nutritional supplement to support oocyte and embryo production in goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 256:107296. [PMID: 37487276 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the use of green microalgae as a nutritional supplement for oocyte and embryo production in goats. Two experiments were performed on adult goats to obtain oocytes (EVO; n = 14) and in vivo embryos (IVD; n = 14). In both, the donors were divided into control (n = 7) and Chlorella (n = 7) groups. All goats received a base diet, and donors were orally supplemented with Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CH) in the Chlorella groups. For EVO, donors received 10 g CH for 14 days, and for IVD, 20 g CH was given for six days before embryo recovery. In EVO and IVD, food intake in the CH group was comparatively low, and it showed relatively high subcutaneous adipose deposition. In addition, the CH group exhibited an increase in triglyceride, cholesterol, and plasma glucose levels. In IVD, a significant increase in peripheral glutathione peroxidase levels was noticed. In EVO, the CH group showed relatively large follicular size and an increase in intrafollicular levels of triglycerides, glucose, and glutathione peroxidase. No differences were observed in the oocyte collected, and CH oocytes showed a low intensity of MitoTracker fluorescence (MT). In IVD, the CH group had a high proportion of transferable embryos, and these structures exhibited high fluorescence intensities for MT and H2DCFDA probes. We concluded that under these conditions, CH did not enhance the quality of the recovered oocytes. However, a daily dose of 20 g CH improved the quality of embryos and stimulated their mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raquel Lopes Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Muniz Cavalcanti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gildas Mbemya Tetaping
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anibal Coutinho do Rego
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60021-970 Brazil
| | | | - Davide Rondina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil.
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7
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Enhancing Digestibility of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Monogastric Diets: Strategies and Insights. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061017. [PMID: 36978557 PMCID: PMC10044532 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, such as Chlorella vulgaris (CV), have been identified as promising animal feed sources due to their high content of essential nutrients, including proteins, total lipids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pigments. This study aimed to review the digestibility, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of nutrients from CV biomass, and to analyse strategies to enhance their digestibility in monogastric animal diets. The study conducted a systematic review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, up until the end of January 2023. The results of adding CV to poultry and swine diets were diverse and depended on a number of variables. However, pre-treatments applied to CV biomass improved nutrient digestibility and accessibility. CV biomass, produced in a cost-effective manner, has the potential to serve as a supplement or substitute for expensive feed ingredients and improve animal health, physiology, and immune status. Variations in results may be due to differences in microalgal strain, cultivation conditions, and dietary inclusion levels, among other factors. This study provides new insights and perspectives into the utilization of CV biomass in animal diets, highlighting its potential as a valuable ingredient to improve nutrient utilization.
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Silva MRL, Alves JPM, Fernandes CCL, Cavalcanti CM, Conde AJH, Bezerra AF, Soares ACS, Teixeira DÍA, do Rego AC, Rondina D. Effect of short-term nutritional supplementation of green microalgae on some reproductive indicators of Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Vet World 2023. [DOI: 10.14202/10.14202/vetworld.2023.464-473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the wide spectrum of uses, one of the chief drawbacks to expanding microalgae as a food supplement in livestock is the lack of a regimen protocol with established dosage and time length of supplementation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term supplementation with increasing doses of microalgae on ovarian response in goats reared in northeast Brazil.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight goats had their follicular waves synchronized using three injections of a prostaglandin analog at 7-day intervals. Goats were allocated to groups that received daily oral Chlorella supplementation for 7 days, respectively: 5 g, GMA5 group (n = 7), 10 g (GMA10; n = 7), and 20 g (GMA20; n = 7). The control group (GMA 0; n = 7) received a drench of water.
Results: The groups showed a quadratic increase (p = 0.0156) in kidney fat thickness but there was a significant reduction in dry matter intake in the GMA20 group. The GMA20 group showed higher glucose levels and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05) in the 10 and 20 g treatments. The number of total follicles increased quadratically. Follicles <3 mm increased linearly (p = 0.0113) for microalgal supply. The GMA10 and GMA20 groups had the highest values (p < 0.05) among the treatments. After inducing ovulation, there was a significant increase in follicles >3 mm in the GMA10 group, which also showed a greater (p < 0.05) area of intraovarian blood perfusion and pulsatility index of the ovarian artery.
Conclusion: We conclude that for 7 days of supplementation, the administration of 10 g of microalgae appears to be the most efficient dosage for stimulating the ovarian response in tropical goats.
Keywords: Doppler, follicles, goat, microalga, ovarian blood flow, ovarian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raquel Lopes Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Muniz Cavalcanti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, CearCeará, 60714-903, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Anibal Coutinho do Rego
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60021-970 Brazil
| | - Davide Rondina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil
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9
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Silva MRL, Alves JPM, Fernandes CCL, Cavalcanti CM, Conde AJH, Bezerra AF, Soares ACS, Teixeira DÍA, do Rego AC, Rondina D. Effect of short-term nutritional supplementation of green microalgae on some reproductive indicators of Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Vet World 2023; 16:464-473. [PMID: 37041830 PMCID: PMC10082726 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.464-473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Despite the wide spectrum of uses, one of the chief drawbacks to expanding microalgae as a food supplement in livestock is the lack of a regimen protocol with established dosage and time length of supplementation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term supplementation with increasing doses of microalgae on ovarian response in goats reared in northeast Brazil. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight goats had their follicular waves synchronized using three injections of a prostaglandin analog at 7-day intervals. Goats were allocated to groups that received daily oral Chlorella supplementation for 7 days, respectively: 5 g, GMA5 group (n = 7), 10 g (GMA10; n = 7), and 20 g (GMA20; n = 7). The control group (GMA 0; n = 7) received a drench of water. Results The groups showed a quadratic increase (p = 0.0156) in kidney fat thickness but there was a significant reduction in dry matter intake in the GMA20 group. The GMA20 group showed higher glucose levels and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05) in the 10 and 20 g treatments. The number of total follicles increased quadratically. Follicles <3 mm increased linearly (p = 0.0113) for microalgal supply. The GMA10 and GMA20 groups had the highest values (p < 0.05) among the treatments. After inducing ovulation, there was a significant increase in follicles >3 mm in the GMA10 group, which also showed a greater (p < 0.05) area of intraovarian blood perfusion and pulsatility index of the ovarian artery. Conclusion We conclude that for 7 days of supplementation, the administration of 10 g of microalgae appears to be the most efficient dosage for stimulating the ovarian response in tropical goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raquel Lopes Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Muniz Cavalcanti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Anibal Coutinho do Rego
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60021-970 Brazil
| | - Davide Rondina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Davide Rondina, e-mail: Co-authors: MRLS: , JPMA: , CCLF: , CMC: , AJHC: , AFB: , ACSS: , DIAT: , ACR:
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10
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Calabrese FM, Russo N, Celano G, Pino A, Lopreiato V, Litrenta F, Di Bella G, Liotta L, De Angelis M, Caggia C, Randazzo CL. Effect of olive by-products feed supplementation on physicochemical and microbiological profile of Provola cheese. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1112328. [PMID: 36726372 PMCID: PMC9885796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1112328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the purpose to evaluate the effects of dietary olive cake, a source of bioactive phenolic compounds, as feed supplementation of lactating dairy cows on fatty acid composition, volatile organic compounds, and microbiological profiles of Provola cheese, we performed a two-arm study where control and experimental administered cows derived dairy have been compared. Methods Our panel of analyses include metabolomics, physicochemical detected variables, culture dependent and independent analyses, and a stringent statistical approach aimful at disclosing only statistically significant results. Results and discussion Looking at the physicochemical variable's profiles, a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and conjugated linoleic acids as well of proteins were observed in experimental cheese samples, indicating the beneficial effect of dietary supplementation. Furthermore, based on volatilome composition, a clear cluster separation between control and experimental cheeses was obtained, mainly related to terpenes degradation, able of influencing their aroma and taste. Microbiological results showed a decrease of some spoilage related microbial groups in experimental cheeses, probably due to the inhibitory effect exerted by polyphenols compounds, that contrarily did not affect the core taxa of all cheese samples. This paper confirmed the promising utilization of olive by-product in farming practices to obtain more sustainable and safe dairy food products with lower environmental impact, mainly in Sicily and Mediterranean area, where waste disposal poses serious environmental and economic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-off of University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-off of University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Litrenta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-off of University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia L. Randazzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-off of University of Catania, Catania, Italy,*Correspondence: Cinzia L. Randazzo,
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11
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Abd El-Hack ME, Abdel-Moneim AME, Shehata AM, Mesalam NM, Salem HM, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA. Microalgae applications in poultry feed. HANDBOOK OF FOOD AND FEED FROM MICROALGAE 2023:435-450. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99196-4.00008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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12
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Digestive Constraints of Arthrospira platensis in Poultry and Swine Feeding. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192984. [PMID: 36230060 PMCID: PMC9562253 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have emerged as novel sources for monogastric animals’ diets since they are rich in many nutrients, including proteins. Arthrospira platensis is particularly rich in proteins (up to 76% of dry matter), lipids, minerals and pigments. However, its rigid peptidoglycan cell wall interferes with the digestibility, bio-accessibility and bioavailability of nutrients for monogastric animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the digestibility, bio-accessibility, bioavailability and protein quality of nutrients from A. platensis for poultry and swine feeding, searching all the studies available in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar in June 2022 concerning this subject. Overall, digestibility values of A. platensis proteins or amino acids varying from 66.1 to 68.7% for poultry (microalgae at 1% feed) and from 75.4 to 80.6% for swine (10% feed) have been reported. Therefore, the extraction of microalgae components using mechanical or non-mechanical pre-treatments is required to promote cell disruption and improve digestibility and bio-accessibility. Although A. platensis is a promising feedstuff to support future needs, it is important to perform more investigation concerning digestibility, dietary inclusion level and possible treatments to disrupt microalga cell walls and increase bioavailability of nutrients.
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Boskovic Cabrol M, Martins JC, Malhão LP, Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Almeida AM, Raymundo A, Lordelo M. Partial replacement of soybean meal with Chlorella vulgaris in broiler diets influences performance and improves breast meat quality and fatty acid composition. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101955. [PMID: 35709682 PMCID: PMC9207287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative feed ingredients, such as microalgae, may be more sustainable in comparison to conventional feedstuffs that need large amounts of arable land and are often imported. This study evaluates the effects of Chlorella vulgaris various inclusion levels in the diet of broiler chickens on performance, carcass yield, organ measurements, breast meat quality, fatty acids profile, and antioxidant capacity. A total of two hundred forty 5 d old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allotted to 4 groups (6 replicates of 10 birds each). Each group received either a control diet or a diet where soybean meal was replaced with 10% (CV10%), 15% (CV15%), or 20% C. vulgaris for 40 d. Performance parameters, carcass and meat traits were evaluated. Compared to the control group, birds supplemented with C. vulgaris (15% and 20%) had lower body weight, weight gain, and feed intake (P < 0.0001), whereas no differences were observed between the control and CV10% groups (P > 0.05). Feed conversion ratio did not differ between control and CV groups. Diets containing C. vulgaris significantly increased ileal digesta viscosity, weight and size of several gastrointestinal compartments, as well as breast muscle yield (P < 0.0001). Incorporation of C. vulgaris resulted in yellower breast muscle (P < 0.0001), with significantly increased chlorophyll a (P < 0.05), chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids contents (P < 0.0001). Inclusion of C. vulgaris decreased bacterial count in meat samples in comparison to controls (P < 0.0001). A 20% C. vulgaris inclusion resulted in higher water holding capacity (P < 0.05) and lower cooking loss (P < 0.05). As dietary C. vulgaris increased, concentrations of DHA + EPA (P < 0.05) and n-3 PUFA (P < 0.0001) increased in breast meat, while the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio decreased (P < 0.0001). Sensory analysis showed that breast meat from the CV10% group had the highest acceptance score. Overall, dietary concentrations of C. vulgaris of up to 20% improve breast meat quality, whereas 10% of C. vulgaris inclusion is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Boskovic Cabrol
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Joana C Martins
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonardo P Malhão
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana P Alves
- CIISA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa. Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS). Avenida da Universidade técnica-Pólo Universitário, Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa. Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS). Avenida da Universidade técnica-Pólo Universitário, Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André M Almeida
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Lordelo
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Huy M, Kristin Vatland A, Kumar G. Nutraceutical productions from microalgal derived compounds via circular bioeconomy perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126575. [PMID: 34923082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circular bioeconomy has become a sustainable business model for commercial production that promises to reuse, recycle & recover while considering less environmental footprints in nutraceutical industries. Microalgae biotechnology has the synergy to bioremediate waste stream while generating high-value-added compounds such as astaxanthin, protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids that are potential compounds used in various industries, thus, the integration of this approach provides economic advantages. However, since the industrial production of these compounds is costly and affected byunstable climate in the Nordic regions such as low temperature, light intensity, and polar circle, the focus of biosynthesis has shifted from less tolerant commercial strains towards indigenous strains. Nutraceutical productions such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and protein can now be synthesized at low temperatures which significantly improve the industry's economy. In this review, the above-mentioned compounds with potential strains were discussed based on a Nordic region's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghour Huy
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Vatland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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