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Lúcio HG, Lopes RDCSO, Gomes MJC, da Silva A, Grancieri M, Della Lucia CM, Queiroz VAV, da Silva BP, Martino HSD. A Symbiotic Meal Containing Extruded Sorghum and Probiotic ( Bifidobacterium longum) Ameliorated Intestinal Health Markers in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Subsample from a Previous Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1852. [PMID: 38931207 PMCID: PMC11206769 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease increases uremic toxins concentrations, which have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Sorghum bicolor L. Moench has dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, while Bifidobacterium longum can promote beneficial health effects. METHODS It is a controlled, randomized, and single-blind clinical trial. Thirty-nine subjects were randomly separated into two groups: symbiotic group (SG), which received 100 mL of unfermented probiotic milk with Bifidobacterium longum strain and 40 g of extruded sorghum flakes; and the control group (CG), which received 100 mL of pasteurized milk and 40 g of extruded corn flakes for seven weeks. RESULTS The uremic toxins decreased, and gastrointestinal symptoms improved intragroup in the SG group. The acetic, propionic, and butyric acid production increased intragroup in the SG group. Regarding α-diversity, the Chao1 index was enhanced in the SG intragroup. The KEGG analysis revealed that symbiotic meal increased the intragroup energy and amino sugar metabolism, in addition to enabling essential amino acid production and metabolism, sucrose degradation, and the biosynthesis of ribonucleotide metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of symbiotic meal reduced BMI, improved short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis and gastrointestinal symptoms, increased diversity according to the Chao1 index, and reduced uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haira Guedes Lúcio
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.G.L.); (R.d.C.S.O.L.); (M.J.C.G.); (A.d.S.); (C.M.D.L.); (B.P.d.S.)
| | - Rita de Cassia Stampini Oliveira Lopes
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.G.L.); (R.d.C.S.O.L.); (M.J.C.G.); (A.d.S.); (C.M.D.L.); (B.P.d.S.)
| | - Mariana Juste Contin Gomes
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.G.L.); (R.d.C.S.O.L.); (M.J.C.G.); (A.d.S.); (C.M.D.L.); (B.P.d.S.)
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.G.L.); (R.d.C.S.O.L.); (M.J.C.G.); (A.d.S.); (C.M.D.L.); (B.P.d.S.)
| | - Mariana Grancieri
- Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, City Center, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil;
| | - Ceres Mattos Della Lucia
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.G.L.); (R.d.C.S.O.L.); (M.J.C.G.); (A.d.S.); (C.M.D.L.); (B.P.d.S.)
| | | | - Bárbara Pereira da Silva
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.G.L.); (R.d.C.S.O.L.); (M.J.C.G.); (A.d.S.); (C.M.D.L.); (B.P.d.S.)
| | - Hercia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.G.L.); (R.d.C.S.O.L.); (M.J.C.G.); (A.d.S.); (C.M.D.L.); (B.P.d.S.)
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Hou Y, Zhu L, Ye X, Ke Q, Zhang Q, Xie X, Piao JG, Wei Y. Integrated oral microgel system ameliorates renal fibrosis by hitchhiking co-delivery and targeted gut flora modulation. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:305. [PMID: 38822364 PMCID: PMC11143587 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a progressive process associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to impaired kidney function. Active constituents in traditional Chinese herbs, such as emodin (EMO) and asiatic acid (AA), exhibit potent anti-fibrotic properties. However, the oral administration of EMO and AA results in low bioavailability and limited kidney accumulation. Additionally, while oral probiotics have been accepted for CKD treatment through gut microbiota modulation, a significant challenge lies in ensuring their viability upon administration. Therefore, our study aims to address both renal fibrosis and gut microbiota imbalance through innovative co-delivery strategies. RESULTS In this study, we developed yeast cell wall particles (YCWPs) encapsulating EMO and AA self-assembled nanoparticles (NPYs) and embedded them, along with Lactobacillus casei Zhang, in chitosan/sodium alginate (CS/SA) microgels. The developed microgels showed significant controlled release properties for the loaded NPYs and prolonged the retention time of Lactobacillus casei Zhang (L. casei Zhang) in the intestine. Furthermore, in vivo biodistribution showed that the microgel-carried NPYs significantly accumulated in the obstructed kidneys of rats, thereby substantially increasing the accumulation of EMO and AA in the impaired kidneys. More importantly, through hitchhiking delivery based on yeast cell wall and positive modulation of gut microbiota, our microgels with this synergistic strategy of therapeutic and modulatory interactions could regulate the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and thus effectively ameliorate renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our work provides a new strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis based on hitchhiking co-delivery of nanodrugs and probiotics to achieve synergistic effects of disease treatment and targeted gut flora modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qiaoying Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qibin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
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Alvarenga L, Reis DCMV, Kemp JA, Teixeira KTR, Fouque D, Mafra D. Using the concept of food as medicine to mitigate inflammation in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2024; 28:341-353. [PMID: 38163858 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The most common kidney replacement therapy (KRT) worldwide is hemodialysis (HD), and only 5%-10% of patients are prescribed peritoneal dialysis (PD) as KRT. Despite PD being a different method, these patients also present particular complications, such as oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, premature aging, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to an inflammation process and high cardiovascular mortality risk. Although recent studies have reported nutritional strategies in patients undergoing HD with attempts to mitigate these complications, more information must be needed for PD patients. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent studies of nutritional intervention to mitigate inflammation in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Drielly C M V Reis
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julie Ann Kemp
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yang X, Cai S, Gong J, Zhang J, Lian M, Chen R, Zhou L, Bai P, Liu B, Zhuang M, Tan H, Xu J, Li M. Characterization of gut microbiota in patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1751-1762. [PMID: 38085410 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple factors, such as dietary patterns, pharmaceutical interventions, and exposure to harmful substances, possess the capacity to influence gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has emerged as a significant contributor to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated complications. By comprehending the intricacies of the intestinal microbiota, this research endeavor holds the potential to offer novel perspectives on potential strategies for mitigating CKD progression. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we assessed gut microbiota composition in CKD patients. Fecal samples were collected from a cohort of 44 patients with stage 3-4 CKD, alongside a control group consisting of 132 healthy volunteers. Subsequently, 16 s rDNA sequencing was conducted to examine the composition of the gut microbiota. RESULTS Our findings revealed significant alterations in the diversity of intestinal microbiota in fecal samples between patients with stage 3-4 CKD and healthy subjects. Among the 475 bacterial genera, 164 were shared, while 242 dominant genera were exclusive to healthy subjects and 69 to CKD stages 3-4 samples. Notably, healthy volunteers exhibited a prevalence of intestinal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas stage 3-4 CKD patients displayed higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The presence of uncultured Coprobacillus sp. notably contributed to distinguishing between the two groups. ROC curve analysis identified distinct microbiota with superior diagnostic efficacy for discriminating stage 3-4 CKD patients from healthy individuals. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed differing dominant pathways between the two groups-the NADH dehydrogenase pathway in healthy individuals and the phosphate acetyltransferase pathway in stage 3-4 CKD patients. Moreover, the CKD cohort displayed a higher proportion of Gram-negative bacteria and facultative anaerobes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study underscores the profound influence of gut microbiota dysbiosis on CKD progression. The distinct microbial profiles observed in CKD patients highlight the potential efficacy of microbiota-based interventions in mitigating CKD advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiying Cai
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, People's Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Gong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minling Lian
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijin Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minting Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Tan
- Department of VIP Clinic, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No.55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meizhen Li
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No.55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Q, Qian L, He S, Zhang C. Hesperidin alleviates zinc-induced nephrotoxicity via the gut-kidney axis in swine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1390104. [PMID: 38741891 PMCID: PMC11089138 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1390104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element in animals, but excessive intake can lead to renal toxicity damage. Thus, the exploration of effective natural antagonists to reduce the toxicity caused by Zn has become a major scientific problem. Methods Here, we found that hesperidin could effectively alleviate the renal toxicity induced by Zn in pigs by using hematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscope, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and microfloral DNA sequencing. Results The results showed that hesperidin could effectively attenuate the pathological injury in kidney, and reduce autophagy and apoptosis induced by Zn, which evidenced by the downregulation of LC3, ATG5, Bak1, Bax, Caspase-3 and upregulation of p62 and Bcl2. Additionally, hesperidin could reverse colon injury and the decrease of ZO-1 protein expression. Interestingly, hesperidin restored the intestinal flora structure disturbed by Zn, and significantly reduced the abundance of Tenericutes (phylum level) and Christensenella (genus level). Discussion Thus, altered intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function constitute the gut-kidney axis, which is involved in hesperidin alleviating Zn-induced nephrotoxicity. Our study provides theoretical basis and practical significance of hesperidin for the prevention and treatment of Zn-induced nephrotoxicity through gut-kidney axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chuanshi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China
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Ghajavand B, Avesani C, Stenvinkel P, Bruchfeld A. Unlocking the Potential of Brewers' Spent Grain: A Sustainable Model to Use Beer for Better Outcome in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2024:S1051-2276(24)00057-8. [PMID: 38621435 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases calls for innovative and sustainable medical solutions. Brewers' spent grain (BSG), a byproduct of beer production, presents a unique opportunity in this regard. This review explores the multifaceted health benefits of BSG, with a focus on managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). BSG is identified as a potent prebiotic with potential as a therapeutic agent in CKD. We emphasize the role of gut dysbiosis in CKD and discuss how BSG could help mitigate metabolic derangements resulting from dysbiosis and CKD. Fermentation of BSG further enhances its positive impact on gut health. Incorporating fermented BSG as a key component in preventive health care could promote a more sustainable and healthier future. By optimizing the use of this typically discarded byproduct, we can align proactive health-care strategies with responsible resource management, benefiting both people and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Ghajavand
- Department of Renal Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Carla Avesani
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Jia PP, Li Y, Zhang LC, Wu MF, Li TY, Pei DS. Metabolome evidence of CKDu risks after chronic exposure to simulated Sri Lanka drinking water in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116149. [PMID: 38412632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
It is still a serious public health issue that chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka poses challenges in identification, prevention, and treatment. What environmental factors in drinking water cause kidney damage remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risks of various environmental factors that may induce CKDu, including water hardness, fluoride (HF), heavy metals (HM), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and their combined exposure (HFMM). The research focused on comprehensive metabolome analysis, and correlation with transcriptomic and gut microbiota changes. Results revealed that chronic exposure led to kidney damage and pancreatic toxicity in adult zebrafish. Metabolomics profiling showed significant alterations in biochemical processes, with enriched metabolic pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, folate biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, FoxO signaling pathway, lysosome, pyruvate metabolism, and purine metabolism. The network analysis revealed significant changes in metabolites associated with renal function and diseases, including 20-Hydroxy-LTE4, PS(18:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), Neuromedin N, 20-Oxo-Leukotriene E4, and phenol sulfate, which are involved in the fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids class. These metabolites were closely associated with the disrupted gut bacteria of g_ZOR0006, g_Pseudomonas, g_Tsukamurella, g_Cetobacterium, g_Flavobacterium, which belonged to dominant phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, etc., and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as egln3, ca2, jun, slc2a1b, and gls2b in zebrafish. Exploratory omics analyses revealed the shared significantly changed pathways in transcriptome and metabolome like calcium signaling and necroptosis, suggesting potential biomarkers for assessing kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan-Chen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ming-Fei Wu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tian-Yun Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Tan Z, Wang Z, Zeng Q, Liu X, Zhang Y, Li S, Huang J, Zeng Y, Huang Z, Jin C, Fu N, Zhao Q, Mu Y, Wang Z, Xiao J, Yang H, Ke G. Natural intestinal metabolite xylitol reduces BRD4 levels to mitigate renal fibrosis. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13770. [PMID: 38501942 PMCID: PMC10949883 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a typical pathological change from chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal failure, which presents significant challenges in prevention and treatment. The progression of renal fibrosis is closely associated with the "gut-kidney axis," therefore, although clinical intervention to modulate the "gut-kidney axis" imbalance associated with renal fibrosis brings hope for its treatment. In this study, we first identified the close relationship between renal fibrosis development and the intestinal microenvironment through fecal microtransplantation and non-absorbable antibiotics experiments. Then, we analyzed the specific connection between the intestinal microenvironment and renal fibrosis using microbiomics and metabolomics, screening for the differential intestinal metabolite. Potential metabolite action targets were initially identified through network simulation of molecular docking and further verified by molecular biology experiment. We used flow cytometry, TUNEL apoptosis staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting to assess renal injury and fibrosis extent, exploring the potential role of gut microbial metabolite in renal fibrosis development. We discovered that CKD-triggered alterations in the intestinal microenvironment exacerbate renal injury and fibrosis. When metabolomic analysis was combined with experiments in vivo, we found that the differential metabolite xylitol delays renal injury and fibrosis development. We further validated this hypothesis at the cellular level. Mechanically, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) protein exhibits strong binding with xylitol, and xylitol alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting BRD4 and its downstream transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that the natural intestinal metabolite xylitol mitigates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the BRD4-regulated TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouke Tan
- Organ Transplant CenterAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qianglin Zeng
- Sichuan Medicine Key Laboratory of Clinical GeneticsAffiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyou Liu
- Organ Transplant CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yamei Zhang
- Sichuan Medicine Key Laboratory of Clinical GeneticsAffiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shujue Li
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou Institute of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junlin Huang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineMaoming People's HospitalMaomingChina
| | - Yunong Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zongshun Huang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Can Jin
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ningying Fu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingsong Mu
- Department of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guibao Ke
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Dudzicz-Gojowy S, Więcek A, Adamczak M. The Role of Probiotics in the Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:671. [PMID: 38474799 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD), substantial unfavourable alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition, i.e., dysbiosis, have been noted. The main causes of such dysbiosis among others are insufficient dietary fibre content in the diet, fluid restrictions, medications used, and physical activity limitation. One clinically important consequence of dysbiosis in CKD patients is high risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). In observational studies, it was found that CDI is more frequent in CKD patients than in the general population. This appears to be related to high hospitalization rate and more often antibiotic therapy use, leading up to the occurrence of dysbiosis. Therefore, the use of probiotics in CKD patients may avert changes in the intestinal microbiota, which is the major risk factor of CDI. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the actual knowledge concerning the use of probiotics in CDI prevention in CKD patients in the context of CDI prevention in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dudzicz-Gojowy
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Więcek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Adamczak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
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Xiang Y, Yuan Z, Deng Q, Xie L, Yu D, Shi J. Potential therapeutic medicines for renal fibrosis: Small-molecule compounds and natural products. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106999. [PMID: 38035515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the pathological change process of chronic kidney disease deteriorating continuously. When the renal organ is stimulated by external stimuli, it will trigger the damage and phenotypic changes of some intrinsic cells in the kidney. When the body's autoimmune regulation or external treatment is not prompted enough to restore the organ, the pathological process is gradually aggravating, inducing a large amount of intracellular collagen deposition, which leads to the appearance of fibrosis and scarring. The renal parenchyma (including glomeruli and tubules) begins to harden, making it difficult to repair the kidney lesions. In the process of gradual changes in the kidney tissue, the kidney units are severely damaged and the kidney function shows a progressive decline, eventually resulting in the clinical manifestation of end-stage renal failure, namely uremia. This review provides a brief description of the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic inhibitors of renal fibrosis. Since renal fibrosis has not yet had a clear therapeutic target and related drugs, some potential targets and relevant inhibitors are discussed, especially pharmacological effects and interactions with targets. Some existing natural products have potential efficacy for renal fibrosis, which is also roughly summarized, hoping that this article would have reference significance for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhuo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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11
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Fu Q, Li S, Xu L, Gao N, Wu W, Xu Q, Huang Y, Huang X, Huang Y. Subchronic exposure to PM 2.5 induced renal function damage and intestinal microflora changes in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115666. [PMID: 37944465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to inhalable environmental particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or smaller (PM2.5) is associated with decreased or impaired kidney function, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Gut microbiota is an emerging key player in the homeostasis regulation of the gut-kidney axis. Few studies have investigated its role in PM2.5 exposure-induced gut-kidney axis homeostasis abnormalities. METHODS In this study, a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system for medium- to long-term whole-body exposure was used to expose Sprague-Dawley rats to filtered air (FA) or concentrated ambient PM2.5 for 12 weeks. A correlation analysis of renal impairment and the intestinal microbiome was performed. RESULTS The urine flow rate calculation and renal function analysis showed that PM2.5 exposure significantly impaired renal function and increased the urine flow rate. The fecal microbiota analysis showed that renal impairment and increased urine flow rates were consistent with the reduced estimates of the fecal bacteria Chao1, observed-species, Shannon, and Simpson (richness and diversity indices). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the estimated bacterial richness and diversity were correlated with the urine flow rate and renal function. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed differences between animals exposed to PM2.5 and FA in 25 bacterial groups. Further correlation of a single bacterial taxon with the urine flow rate and renal function showed that the relative abundances of 30, 29, 21, and 50 distinct bacterial groups were significantly correlated with the urine flow rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum cystatin C (CysC), and beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG), respectively. CONCLUSION Subchronic exposure to PM2.5 can cause intestinal ecological disorders, which may, in turn, lead to decreased kidney function or the development of impaired kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343000, China; Center for Clinical Medicine Research, Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Sen Li
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Na Gao
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Weiqi Wu
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Qintao Xu
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Yuping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoliu Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343000, China; Center for Clinical Medicine Research, Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China; Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yushan Huang
- Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Mao D, Feng J, Zhou Y, Li H. Analysis of different plant- and animal-based dietary patterns and their relationship with serum uric acid levels in Chinese adults. Nutr J 2023; 22:53. [PMID: 37891672 PMCID: PMC10605343 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns play an important role in regulating serum uric acid levels in the body, but evidence for the association between different kinds of plant-based and animal-based dietary patterns and individual serum uric acid levels is scarce and inconsistent. METHODS We analyzed data from the sixth wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. The plant-based diet of 7,806 participants was determined using three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, and latent profile analysis was used to identify dietary patterns among participants. Serum uric acid levels were analyzed using the enzymatic colorimetric method. The association between intakes of different types of dietary pattern and individual serum uric acid levels was analyzed using linear regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS We identified three types of plant-based dietary patterns, namely, low tuber starches and vegetable plant-based diet (LTVP), high cereal, tuber starches and vegetable plant-based diet (HCTVP), and high legume and fruit plant-based diet (HLFP). We also identified three types of animal-based dietary patterns, namely, high milk and egg animal-based diet (HMiEA), low egg and fish animal-based diet, and high meat and fish animal-based diet (HMeFA). Significant coefficients for participant serum uric acid levels were observed for the HCTVP diet (β = -0.022, P = 0.031) and HMeFA diet (β = 0.061, P < 0.001). The median intake of foods in the HCTVP diet was as follows: cereals and cereal products, 444.83 g/d; tubers and starch products, 166.67 g/d; dried legumes and legume products, 8.33 g/d; vegetables and vegetable products, 333.33 g/d; and fruits and fruit products, 0 g/d. The median intake of foods in the HMeFA diet was as follows: meat and meat products, 73.33 g/d; poultry and poultry products, 0 g/d; milk and milk products, 0 g/d; eggs and egg products, 26.67 g/d; and fish, shellfish, and mollusks, 180.00 g/d. CONCLUSION We showed that individual serum uric acid levels (1) might decrease under the plant-based HCTVP diet, (2) might increase under the animal-based HMeFA diet, (3) might not decrease under the plant-based HLFP diet, and (4) might not increase under the animal-based HMiEA diet. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Mao
- Health Management and Policy Research Center, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, 030000, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Jin Feng
- Health Management and Policy Research Center, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, 030000, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yangzilin Zhou
- Health Management and Policy Research Center, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, 030000, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Health Management and Policy Research Center, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, 030000, Taiyuan, China
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Foresto-Neto O, da Silva ARPA, Cipelli M, Santana-Novelli FPR, Camara NOS. The impact of hypoxia-inducible factors in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases: a link through cell metabolism. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:561-578. [PMID: 37448286 PMCID: PMC10565456 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidneys are sensitive to disturbances in oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia and activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway alter the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of renal and immune cells, interfering with their functioning. Whether the transcriptional activity of HIF protects the kidneys or participates in the pathogenesis of renal diseases is unclear. Several studies have indicated that HIF signaling promotes fibrosis in experimental models of kidney disease. Other reports showed a protective effect of HIF activation on kidney inflammation and injury. In addition to the direct effect of HIF on the kidneys, experimental evidence indicates that HIF-mediated metabolic shift activates inflammatory cells, supporting the HIF cascade as a link between lung or gut damage and worsening of renal disease. Although hypoxia and HIF activation are present in several scenarios of renal diseases, further investigations are needed to clarify whether interfering with the HIF pathway is beneficial in different pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcella Cipelli
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Shi R, Huang C, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang C, Li M. Gut microbiota axis: potential target of phytochemicals from plant-based foods. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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15
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Basilicata M, Pieri M, Marrone G, Nicolai E, Di Lauro M, Paolino V, Tomassetti F, Vivarini I, Bollero P, Bernardini S, Noce A. Saliva as Biomarker for Oral and Chronic Degenerative Non-Communicable Diseases. Metabolites 2023; 13:889. [PMID: 37623833 PMCID: PMC10456419 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a very complex fluid and it is essential to maintain several physiological processes and functions, including oral health, taste, digestion and immunological defenses. Saliva composition and the oral microbiome can be influenced by several factors, like diet and smoking habits, and their alteration can represent an important access point for pathogens and, thus, for systemic illness onset. In this review, we explore the potentiality of saliva as a new tool for the early detection of some pathological conditions, such as oral diseases, chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases, among these chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also examined the possible correlation between oral and systemic diseases and oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In particular, we deeply analyzed the relationship between oral diseases and CKD. In this context, some salivary parameters can represent a new device to detect either oral or systemic pathologies. Moreover, the positive modulation of oral and gut microbiota induced by prebiotics, postbiotics, or symbiotics could represent a new possible adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of oral diseases and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Basilicata
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Paolino
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vivarini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Tian E, Wang F, Zhao L, Sun Y, Yang J. The pathogenic role of intestinal flora metabolites in diabetic nephropathy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1231621. [PMID: 37469558 PMCID: PMC10352811 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1231621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of diabetes, diabetic kidney disease has become a major cause of chronic kidney disease. The role of the gut microbiota in diabetes and its related complications have been extensively investigated; the modulatory effect of the gut microbiota on the host depends on several gut microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and trimethylamine N-oxide. In this review, we focused on the evidence related to the pathogenic role of each of the gut microbial metabolites in diabetic nephropathy. The main novel therapies targeting the gut microbiota include probiotics, dietary prebiotics, synbiotic supplements, and faecal microbiota transplants, although there is no standard treatment principle. Further research is therefore needed to elucidate the link between gut microbes and diabetic nephropathy, and more therapeutic targets should be explored to treat diabetic nephropathy with dysbiosis of the gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Tian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beibei Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is an important cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD) discontinuation worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. Although the era of metagenomics has provided new insights into the interactions between the gut microbiota and fibrosis in various organs and tissues, its role in peritoneal fibrosis has rarely been discussed. This review provides a scientific rationale and points out the potential role of gut microbiota in peritoneal fibrosis. In addition, the interaction between the gut, circulatory, and peritoneal microbiota is highlighted, with an emphasis on the relationship to PD outcomes. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the role of gut microbiota in peritoneal fibrosis and potentially unveil new target options for the management of PD technique failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stepanova
- Address for Correspondence: Natalia Stepanova, MD, DSc, Prof., Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, State Institution “Institute of Nephrology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, 17 V Degtyarivska, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine.
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18
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Yang BY, Zhao FZ, Li XH, Zhao MS, Lv JC, Shi MJ, Li J, Zhou ZY, Wang JJ, Song J. Alteration of pro-carcinogenic gut microbiota is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1133782. [PMID: 37089532 PMCID: PMC10113506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1133782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIncreasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and progression of urinary system diseases such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the mechanism of how alteration of gut metagenome promotes ccRCC remains unclear. Here we aim to elucidate the association of specific gut bacteria and their metabolites with ccRCC.MethodsIn a pilot case-control study among 30 ccRCC patients (RCC group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing were analyzed from fecal samples collected prior to surgery or hospitalization. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis of the gut microbiota were performed, and differential taxa were identified by multivariate statistics. Meanwhile, serum metabolism was measured by UHPLC-MS, and differential genes were identified based on the TCGA database.ResultsAlpha diversity found there were no significant microbial diversity differences of gut microbiota between the RCC group and the Control group. However, beta diversity analysis showed that the overall structures of the two groups were significantly separated (p = 0.008). Random Forests revealed the relative abundances of 20 species differed significantly between the RCC group and the Control group, among which nine species were enriched in the RCC group such as Desulfovibrionaceae, and 11 species were less abundant such as four kinds of Lactobacillus. Concomitantly, serum level of taurine, which was considered to be consumed by Desulfovibrionaceae and released by Lactobacillus, has decreased in the RCC group. In addition, macrophage-related genes such as Gabbr1 was upregulated in ccRCC patients.ConclusionReduction of protective bacteria, proliferation of sulfide-degrading bacteria Desulfovibrionaceae, reduction of taurine, and enrichment of macrophage related genes might be the risk predictors of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Shan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Lv
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Jun Shi
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Yuan Zhou,
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jing-Jing Wang,
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Jian Song,
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19
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Role of the Gut Microbiota in Children with Kidney Disease. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020269. [PMID: 36832398 PMCID: PMC9955067 DOI: 10.3390/children10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the composition and structure of the gut microbiota, namely dysbiosis, dictates the pathophysiology of kidney diseases. The bidirectional kidney-gut axis is of interest in chronic kidney disease (CKD); the uremic milieu leads to intestinal dysbiosis and gut microbial metabolites and toxins implicated in the loss of kidney function and increased comorbidity burden. Considering that kidney diseases can originate in childhood or even earlier in fetal life, identification of the pathogenetic connection between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the development of pediatric renal diseases deserves more attention. This review concentrates on the pathogenic link between dysbiotic gut microbiota and pediatric renal diseases, covering CKD, kidney transplantation, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and fecal microbial transplantation are discussed for their potential for the treatment of pediatric renal diseases. A deeper understanding of gut microbiota in pediatric renal diseases will aid in developing innovative gut microbiota-targeted interventions for preventing or attenuating the global burden of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-368-975; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Lack of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium is associated with a higher risk of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in young-onset type 2 diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The incidence of comorbidity between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is high, and patients tend to be younger. When people develop metabolic diseases such as T2DM and MAFLD, the original homeostasis of the gut microbiota in the body is disrupted, and gut flora drift occurs. This study investigated the relationship between the number of gut flora and MAFLD in young-onset T2DM.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 44 adolescent T2DM patients who were divided into a non-MAFLD group and a MAFLD group. Anthropometric measurements, clinical and biochemical markers, inflammatory markers, thyroid function assessments, and stool specimens were collected. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify several important gut flora constituents at the genus level. Student’s t-test and the chi-square test were applied for group comparisons, and binary regression models were used to explore the relationship between gut flora and MAFLD in young-onset T2DM.
Results
Among the 44 subjects, 26 (59.1%) were diagnosed with MAFLD, and 18 (40.9%) were not. Compared with the non-MAFLD group, body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference, and levels of blood uric acid and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the MAFLD group were significantly increased, and age level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the non-MAFLD group, the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium in the MAFLD group was significantly reduced, and the abundance of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium were independent protective factors for MAFLD in young-onset T2DM, after excluding confounding factors.
Conclusion
In young-onset T2DM, there was a difference in gut flora between patients with MAFLD and those without MAFLD. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium were independent protective factors for MAFLD in young-onset T2DM.
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CXCR4 inhibition suppresses Cd-induced renal oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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22
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Dai M, Hai S, Ge N, Zhang S, Huang M, Liu X, Li S, Yue J, Lei P, Dong B, Dai L, Dong B. Systematic metabolic characterization of mental disorders reveals age‐related metabolic disturbances as potential risk factors for depression in older adults. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e165. [PMID: 36204590 PMCID: PMC9523679 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are associated with dysregulated metabolism, but comprehensive investigations of their metabolic similarities and differences and their clinical relevance are few. Here, based on the plasma metabolome and lipidome of subcohort1, comprising 100 healthy participants, 55 cases with anxiety, 52 persons with depression, and 41 individuals with comorbidity, which are from WCHAT, a perspective cohort study of community‐dwelling older adults aged over 50, multiple metabolites as potential risk factors of mental disorders were identified. Furthermore, participants with mental illnesses were classified into three subtypes (S1, S2, and S3) by unsupervised classification with lipidomic data. Among them, S1 showed higher triacylglycerol and lower sphingomyelin, while S2 displayed opposite features. The metabolic profile of S3 was like that of the normal group. Compared with S3, individuals in S1 and S2 had worse quality of life, and suffered more from sleep and cognitive disorders. Notably, an assessment of 6,467 individuals from the WCHAT showed an age‐related increase in the incidence of depression. Seventeen depression‐related metabolites were significantly correlated with age, which were validated in an independent subcohort2. Collectively, this work highlights the clinical relevance of metabolic perturbation in mental disorders, and age‐related metabolic disturbances may be a bridge‐linking aging and depressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Miao Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shan Hai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ning Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mingjin Huang
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang Sichuan Mental Health Center Mianyang China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Peng Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Berberine ameliorates chronic kidney disease through inhibiting the production of gut-derived uremic toxins in the gut microbiota. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1537-1553. [PMID: 37139409 PMCID: PMC10149897 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, clinical interventions for chronic kidney disease are very limited, and most patients rely on dialysis to sustain their lives for a long time. However, studies on the gut-kidney axis have shown that the gut microbiota is a potentially effective target for correcting or controlling chronic kidney disease. This study showed that berberine, a natural drug with low oral availability, significantly ameliorated chronic kidney disease by altering the composition of the gut microbiota and inhibiting the production of gut-derived uremic toxins, including p-cresol. Furthermore, berberine reduced the content of p-cresol sulfate in plasma mainly by lowering the abundance of g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and inhibiting the tyrosine-p-cresol pathway of the intestinal flora. Meanwhile, berberine increased the butyric acid producing bacteria and the butyric acid content in feces, while decreased the renal toxic trimethylamine N-oxide. These findings suggest that berberine may be a therapeutic drug with significant potential to ameliorate chronic kidney disease through the gut-kidney axis.
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Ameer OZ. Hypertension in chronic kidney disease: What lies behind the scene. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949260. [PMID: 36304157 PMCID: PMC9592701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a frequent condition encountered during kidney disease development and a leading cause in its progression. Hallmark factors contributing to hypertension constitute a complexity of events that progress chronic kidney disease (CKD) into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Multiple crosstalk mechanisms are involved in sustaining the inevitable high blood pressure (BP) state in CKD, and these play an important role in the pathogenesis of increased cardiovascular (CV) events associated with CKD. The present review discusses relevant contributory mechanisms underpinning the promotion of hypertension and their consequent eventuation to renal damage and CV disease. In particular, salt and volume expansion, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity, upregulated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and a range of mediators and signaling molecules which are thought to play a role in this concert of events are emphasized. As the control of high BP via therapeutic interventions can represent the key strategy to not only reduce BP but also the CV burden in kidney disease, evidence for major strategic pathways that can alleviate the progression of hypertensive kidney disease are highlighted. This review provides a particular focus on the impact of RAAS antagonists, renal nerve denervation, baroreflex stimulation, and other modalities affecting BP in the context of CKD, to provide interesting perspectives on the management of hypertensive nephropathy and associated CV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Z. Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Omar Z. Ameer,
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Madella AM, Van Bergenhenegouwen J, Garssen J, Masereeuw R, Overbeek SA. Microbial-Derived Tryptophan Catabolites, Kidney Disease and Gut Inflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090645. [PMID: 36136583 PMCID: PMC9505404 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic metabolites, molecules either produced by the host or from the microbiota population existing in the gastrointestinal tract that gets excreted by the kidneys into urine, have significant effects on both health and disease. Tryptophan-derived catabolites are an important group of bacteria-produced metabolites with an extensive contribution to intestinal health and, eventually, chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The end-metabolite, indoxyl sulfate, is a key contributor to the exacerbation of CKD via the induction of an inflammatory state and oxidative stress affecting various organ systems. Contrastingly, other tryptophan catabolites positively contribute to maintaining intestinal homeostasis and preventing intestinal inflammation—activities signaled through nuclear receptors in particular—the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). This review discusses the origins of these catabolites, their effect on organ systems, and how these can be manipulated therapeutically in the future as a strategy to treat CKD progression and gut inflammation management. Furthermore, the use of biotics (prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics) as a means to increase the presence of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to achieve intestinal homeostasis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avra Melina Madella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); or (S.A.O.); Tel.: +31-30-209-5000 (S.A.O.)
| | - Jeroen Van Bergenhenegouwen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Adriana Overbeek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); or (S.A.O.); Tel.: +31-30-209-5000 (S.A.O.)
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Wang L, Zhu JH, Jiang XD, Ma ZX, Tao JH. Preventive effects of the Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Cornus officinalis Sieb herb couple on chronic kidney disease rats via modulating the intestinal microbiota and enhancing the intestinal barrier. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:942032. [PMID: 36160423 PMCID: PMC9495080 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CKD is a clinical syndrome with slow development and gradual deterioration of renal function. At present, modern medicine still lacks an ideal treatment method for this disease, while TCM has accumulated rich clinical experience in the treatment of CKD, which can effectively improve renal function and delay renal failure, and has unique advantages. RC is widely used in clinical practice to treat CKD, especially the “Kidney-Yin” deficiency syndrome. However, the compatibility mechanisms responsible for its effects in experimental studies, including preclinical and clinical research studies, are still not fully understood. Adenine-induced CKD rats were used to investigate the preventive effect of RC on CKD rats. Based on the high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing results from Illumina, we discussed the intestinal flora abundance in rats in different treatment groups. According to a PCA and a PCoA based on a distance matrix, there was a clear separation of gut microbiome profiles between normal rats and model rats in terms of beta diversity. The abundance of Firmicutes in CKD rats was relatively increased, while that of Bacteroidetes was decreased. It is clear that the plot for the RC group was closer to that of the normal group, suggesting that the RC group had higher similarities among bacterial members with N rats. Ussing chamber, Western blot, and PCR assays were used to investigate the effects of RC on intestinal barrier function and its molecular mechanism in model animals. The results indicated that the protein expressions of ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin-1 were decreased significantly in chronic kidney disease rats with the induction of adenine. With the treatment of RG, CO, and RC, the intestinal barrier was repaired due to the upregulated expressions of the aforementioned proteins in CKD rats. Based on our findings, RC appears to strengthen the intestinal barrier and modulate gut microbiota in adenine-induced CKD rats. This project revealed the compatibility mechanism of RC in regulating the intestinal microecology and barrier function to intervene in CKD and provided the basis and ideas for the clinical application of RC and the development of innovative drugs for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhen-Xiang Ma
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin-Hua Tao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hua Tao,
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Asgharian M, Gholizadeh P, Samadi Kafil H, Ghojazadeh M, Samadi A, Soleymani J, Jouyban A, Tayebi Khosroshahi H. Correlation of inflammatory biomarkers with the diversity of Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillaceae families in the intestinal microbiota of patients with end stage renal disease. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:304-310. [PMID: 35994929 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and uremic toxins, and their inter-correlations with the diversity of Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillaceae families in intestinal microbiota were investigated in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS Stool and blood samples from 20 ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis were collected. DNA genome of the bacterial composition of the stool samples was extracted and evaluated by the sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and uremic toxins were then analyzed. RESULTS The mean serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol (PC) were 305.99 ± 12.03 ng/L, 159.95 ± 64.22 ng/L, 36.76 ± 5.09 μg/mL and 0.39 ± 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. The most significant positive correlation was observed between Prevotellaceae family and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Lactobacilli species and CRP and PC, as well as Scardovia wiggsiae and IS (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was also found between Bacteroides clarus and PC. Patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis had elevated levels of PC and IS and increased levels of the inflammatory markers. The most positive correlation was found between microbiota and CRP and PC, while the most negative one was between microbiota and IL-1 and TAC. CONCLUSIONS The abundance and diversity of Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillaceae families and their correlations with clinical parameters could provide benefits in the ESRD patients but they could not promote the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Asgharian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pourya Gholizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azam Samadi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey
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Yang M, Luo S, Yang J, Chen W, He L, Liu D, Zhao L, Wang X. Crosstalk between the liver and kidney in diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175219. [PMID: 35987257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Recently, communication between organs has gradually become a new focus in the study of diseases pathogenesis, and abnormal interorgan communication has been proven to be involved in the occurrence and progression of many diseases. As an important metabolic organ in the human body, the liver plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in humans. The liver secretes a series of proteins called hepatokines that affect adjacent and distal organs through paracrine or endocrine signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize some of the hepatokines identified to date and describe their roles in DN to discuss the possibility that the liver-renal axis is potentially useful as a therapeutic target for DN. We summarize the important hepatokines identified thus far and discuss their relationship with DN. We propose for the first time that the "liver-renal axis" is a potential therapeutic target in individuals with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Xu Z, Hou Y, Sun J, Zhu L, Zhang Q, Yao W, Fan X, Zhang K, Piao JG, Wei Y. Deoxycholic acid-chitosan coated liposomes combined with in situ colonic gel enhances renal fibrosis therapy of emodin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154110. [PMID: 35487039 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is the final common pathological feature of various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Despite recent advances, development of new treatments strategy is needed. Emodin (EMO), an important ingredient of Chinese medicine, rhubarb (Polygonaceae Rheum palmatum l.), has been reported to inhibit the development of renal fibrosis effectively. However, the poor oral bioavailability of EMO and the insufficient monotherapy therapy compromise its efficacy. PURPOSE In order to enhance renal fibrosis therapy of emodin, an innovative combination therapy based on deoxycholic acid-chitosan coated liposomes (DCS-Lips) and in situ colonic gel (IGE) was developed. METHODS For one, the DCS-Lips were prepared via electrostatic interaction by mixing anionic conventional Lips with cationic DCS, deoxycholic acid conjugated on the backbone of chitosan. The cellular uptake of FITC-labeled DCS-Lips in Caco-2 cell monolayer was evaluated by CLSM and flow cytometry, respectively. Permeability study was carried out using Caco-2 cell monolayer. For another, EMO-loaded in situ colonic gel (EMO-IGE) was prepared by mixing EMO nanosuspensions and plain in situ gel, which was obtained by the cold method. The EMO-IGE was assessed for morphology, gelation temperature, viscosity and in vitro drug release. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of the combination strategy, oral DCS-Lips formulations and in situ colonic gel, was evaluated in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on rats faces to investigate whether the combination strategy improves the microbial dysbiosis in UUO rats. RESULTS The prepared DCS-Lips produced small, uniformly sized nanoparticles, and significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and in vitro permeability of EMO compared to non-coated liposomes. Moreover, the EMO-IGE was characterized by short gelation time, optimal gelling temperature, and excellent viscosity. In UUO model, the combination of DCS-Lips (gavage) and IGE (enema) attenuated renal fibrosis effectively. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing illustrated that IGE could restore the gut microbial dysbiosis of UUO rats. CONCLUSION Overall, the combination of DCS-Lips and EMO-IGE alleviated renal fibrosis effectively, resulting from the improved oral bioavailability of EMO by DCS-Lips and the restoration of gut microbiota by EMO-IGE, thus, presenting an innovative and promising potential for renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Yu Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Jiang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qibin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Wenjie Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xudong Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
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Palacios-Ramirez R, Lima-Posada I, Bonnard B, Genty M, Fernandez-Celis A, Hartleib-Geschwindner J, Foufelle F, Lopez-Andres N, Bamberg K, Jaisser F. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Prevents the Synergistic Effect of Metabolic Challenge and Chronic Kidney Disease on Renal Fibrosis and Inflammation in Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859812. [PMID: 35464084 PMCID: PMC9022039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and/or metabolic diseases are frequently associated with chronic kidney disease and several factors associated with obesity may contribute to proteinuria and extracellular matrix production. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have proven their clinical efficacy in diabetic kidney disease with preclinical data suggesting that they may also be efficient in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease associated to metabolic diseases. In the present study we developed a novel mouse model combining severe nephron reduction and High Fat Diet challenge that led to chronic kidney disease with metabolic alterations. We showed that the Mineralocorticoid Receptor antagonist canrenoate improved metabolic function, reduced albuminuria and prevented the synergistic effect of high fat diet on renal fibrosis and inflammation in chronic kidney disease mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Palacios-Ramirez
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ixchel Lima-Posada
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Bonnard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Genty
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amaya Fernandez-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Judith Hartleib-Geschwindner
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Lopez-Andres
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Krister Bamberg
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Comorbidities, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM Centre D’Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: Frederic Jaisser,
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Lohia S, Vlahou A, Zoidakis J. Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): An Omics Perspective. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030176. [PMID: 35324673 PMCID: PMC8951538 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is predominant in 10% of the world’s adult population, and is increasingly considered a silent epidemic. Gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining host energy homeostasis and gut epithelial integrity. Alterations in gut microbiota composition, functions and, specifically, production of metabolites causing uremic toxicity are often associated with CKD onset and progression. Here, we present the latest omics (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) studies that explore the connection between CKD and gut microbiome. A review of the available literature using PubMed was performed using the keywords “microb*”, “kidney”, “proteom”, “metabolom” and “transcript” for the last 10 years, yielding a total of 155 publications. Following selection of the relevant studies (focusing on microbiome in CKD), a predominance of metabolomics (n = 12) over transcriptomics (n = 1) and proteomics (n = 6) analyses was observed. A consensus arises supporting the idea that the uremic toxins produced in the gut cause oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney leading to CKD. Collectively, findings include an observed enrichment of Eggerthella lenta, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium spp., and a depletion in Bacteroides eggerthii, Roseburia faecis and Prevotella spp. occurring in CKD models. Bacterial species involved in butyrate production, indole synthesis and mucin degradation were also related to CKD. Consequently, strong links between CKD and gut microbial dysbiosis suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent CKD progression and portray the gut as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnal Lohia
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Teixeira KTR, Moreira LDSG, Borges NA, Brum I, de Paiva BR, Alvarenga L, Nakao LS, Leal VDO, Carraro-Eduardo JC, Rodrigues SD, Lima JD, Ribeiro-Alves M, Mafra D. Effect of cranberry supplementation on toxins produced by the gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease patients: A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:63-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gut Microbiome and Organ Fibrosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020352. [PMID: 35057530 PMCID: PMC8781069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process associated with most chronic inflammatory diseases. It is defined by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and can affect nearly every tissue and organ system in the body. Fibroproliferative diseases, such as intestinal fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, progressive kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, often lead to severe organ damage and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for which there are currently no effective therapies available. In the past decade, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the gut microbiome as a major player in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune system, with severe implications in the pathogenesis of multiple immune-mediated disorders. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with the development and progression of fibrotic processes in various organs and is predicted to be a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis management. In this review we summarize the state of the art concerning the crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and organ fibrosis, address the relevance of diet in different fibrotic diseases and discuss gut microbiome-targeted therapeutic approaches that are current being explored.
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Yan Z, Wang G, Shi X. Advances in the Progression and Prognosis Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785375. [PMID: 34992536 PMCID: PMC8724575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the increasingly serious public health concerns worldwide; the global burden of CKD is increasingly due to high morbidity and mortality. At present, there are three key problems in the clinical treatment and management of CKD. First, the current diagnostic indicators, such as proteinuria and serum creatinine, are greatly interfered by the physiological conditions of patients, and the changes in the indicator level are not synchronized with renal damage. Second, the established diagnosis of suspected CKD still depends on biopsy, which is not suitable for contraindication patients, is also traumatic, and is not sensitive to early progression. Finally, the prognosis of CKD is affected by many factors; hence, it is ineviatble to develop effective biomarkers to predict CKD prognosis and improve the prognosis through early intervention. Accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD are extremely significant for improving the clinical treatment and management of CKD and reducing the social burden. Therefore, biomarkers reported in recent years, which could play important roles in accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD, were concluded and highlighted in this review article that aims to provide a reference for both the construction of CKD precision therapy system and the pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guanran Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingyang Shi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Mao D, Cheng J. Two dietary patterns from China might benefit kidney function, as indicated by latent profile analysis. J Ren Nutr 2022; 32:702-709. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Yusuf A, Sodiq A, Giwa A, Eke J, Pikuda O, Eniola JO, Ajiwokewu B, Sambudi NS, Bilad MR. Updated review on microplastics in water, their occurrence, detection, measurement, environmental pollution, and the need for regulatory standards. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118421. [PMID: 34756874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gravity of the impending threats posed by microplastics (MPs) pollution in the environment cannot be over-emphasized. Several research studies continue to stress how important it is to curb the proliferation of these small plastic particles with different physical and chemical properties, especially in aquatic environments. While several works on how to monitor, detect and remove MPs from the aquatic environment have been published, there is still a lack of explicit regulatory framework for mitigation of MPs globally. A critical review that summarizes recent advances in MPs research and emphasizes the need for regulatory frameworks devoted to MPs is presented in this paper. These frameworks suggested in this paper may be useful for reducing the proliferation of MPs in the environment. Based on all reviewed studies related to MPs research, we discussed the occurrence of MPs by identifying the major types and sources of MPs in water bodies; examined the recent ways of detecting, monitoring, and measuring MPs routinely to minimize projected risks; and proposed recommendations for consensus regulatory actions that will be effective for MPs mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yusuf
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Sodiq
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adewale Giwa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Joyner Eke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F Paul Anderson Tower Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Oluwadamilola Pikuda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Jamiu O Eniola
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bilkis Ajiwokewu
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nonni Soraya Sambudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Danilenko V, Devyatkin A, Marsova M, Shibilova M, Ilyasov R, Shmyrev V. Common Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Parkinson's Diseases: The Role of Microbiome, Pharmabiotics and Postbiotics in Their Prevention. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6349-6381. [PMID: 34876830 PMCID: PMC8643201 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, metagenomic studies have shown the key role of the gut microbiome in maintaining immune and neuroendocrine systems. Malfunction of the gut microbiome can induce inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Dysfunction of the gut microbiome can be caused by short-term (virus infection and other infectious diseases) or long-term (environment, nutrition, and stress) factors. Here, we reviewed the inflammation and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Here, we reviewed the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) involved in the processes of formation of oxidative stress and inflammation in viral and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the coronavirus uses ACE2 receptors of the RAAS to penetrate human cells. The coronavirus infection can be the trigger for neurodegenerative diseases by dysfunction of the RAAS. Pharmabiotics, postbiotics, and next-generation probiotics, are considered as a means to prevent oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative and viral diseases through gut microbiome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Devyatkin
- Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic CMP RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rustem Ilyasov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Feng Z, Wang T, Dong S, Jiang H, Zhang J, Raza HK, Lei G. Association between gut dysbiosis and chronic kidney disease: a narrative review of the literature. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211053276. [PMID: 34704483 PMCID: PMC8554569 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious non-communicable disease that poses a significant burden on healthcare and society. It is essential to devise new strategies to better treat patients with CKD. Research has illustrated that gut dysbiosis, describing an abnormal intestinal ecology, is closely associated with CKD. In this narrative review, we summarized the evidence of their mutual relationship and discussed the potential treatment options to correct gut dysbiosis in patients with CKD. Gut dysbiosis significantly increases the risk of CKD, especially in the older population. Gut dysbiosis also plays a role in CKD complications, such as hypertension, cardiovascular events, and cognitive dysfunction. The relationship between gut dysbiosis and CKD is bidirectional, and CKD itself can lead to changes in gut microecology. The usual therapies for CKD can also increase the incidence of gut dysbiosis. Meanwhile, probiotics and antibiotics are generally used to correct gut dysbiosis. Further studies are required to elaborate the association between gut dysbiosis and CKD, and more treatment options should be explored to prevent CKD in patients with gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | - Genping Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.,Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Lipid Disorders in NAFLD and Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101405. [PMID: 34680522 PMCID: PMC8533451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver dysfunction and is characterized by exaggerated lipid accumulation, inflammation and even fibrosis. It has been shown that NAFLD increases the risk of other chronic diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lipid in excess could lead to liver and kidney lesions and even end-stage disease through diverse pathways. Dysregulation of lipid uptake, oxidation or de novo lipogenesis contributes to the toxic effects of ectopic lipids which promotes the development and progression of NAFLD and CKD via triggering oxidative stress, apoptosis, pro-inflammatory and profibrotic responses. Importantly, dyslipidemia and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by NAFLD (specifically, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) are considered to play important roles in the pathological progression of CKD. Growing evidence of similarities between the pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD and those of CKD has attracted attention and urged researchers to discover their common therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the current understanding of molecular aberrations underlying the lipid metabolism of NAFLD and CKD and clinical evidence that suggests the relevance of these pathways in humans. This review also highlights the orchestrated inter-organ cross-talk in lipid disorders, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities to counteract NAFLD and CKD.
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Wu X, Zhu T, Zhang H, Lu L, He X, Liu C, Fan SJ. Identification of odor biomarkers in irradiation injury urine based on headspace SPME-GC-MS. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1597-1605. [PMID: 34402727 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1969050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The threat of population exposure to ionizing radiation is increasing rapidly worldwide. Such exposure, especially at high-dose, is known to cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Hence, it is necessary to develop specific and sensitive biomarkers to accurately diagnose radiation injury and evaluate medical countermeasures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a model organism with a fine and sound olfactory system, was used to examine the odor of urine samples collected from irradiation-injured rats, and compared with those from un-irradiated control rats to investigate the 'special odor' of radiation injury. Subsequently, headspace SPME-GC-MS was applied for non-targeted metabolomic analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine, with the aim to discover changes of small molecule metabolites and identify odor biomarkers of irradiation injury. RESULTS C. elegans showed significant attraction to the urine of total body irradiation (TBI) rats compared with control rats, indicating that irradiation injury can emit 'special odor' and the metabolites in urine VOCs were changed. Using metabolomics based on headspace SPME-GC-MS for metabolic profiles analysis, we screened 63 differentially expressed metabolites. Among them, 10 metabolites including p-Cresol with excellent diagnostic ability were identified as odor biomarkers according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the 'special odor' induced by irradiation injury, and identified biomarkers through urine VOCs analysis for the first time, which can provide a novel approach and insight to evaluate irradiation injury noninvasively, accurately and conveniently.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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A Sodium Oxalate-Rich Diet Induces Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179244. [PMID: 34502149 PMCID: PMC8431202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health issue affecting 14% of the general population. However, research focusing on CKD mechanisms/treatment is limited because of a lack of animal models recapitulating the disease physiopathology, including its complications. We analyzed the effects of a three-week diet rich in sodium oxalate (OXA diet) on rats and showed that, compared to controls, rats developed a stable CKD with a 60% reduction in glomerular filtration rate, elevated blood urea levels and proteinuria. Histological analyses revealed massive cortical disorganization, tubular atrophy and fibrosis. Males and females were sensitive to the OXA diet, but decreasing the diet period to one week led to GFR significance but not stable diminution. Rats treated with the OXA diet also displayed classical CKD complications such as elevated blood pressure and reduced hematocrit. Functional cardiac analyses revealed that the OXA diet triggered significant cardiac dysfunction. Altogether, our results showed the feasibility of using a convenient and non-invasive strategy to induce CKD and its classical systemic complications in rats. This model, which avoids kidney mass loss or acute toxicity, has strong potential for research into CKD mechanisms and novel therapies, which could protect and postpone the use of dialysis or transplantation.
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Kannan K, Vimalkumar K. A Review of Human Exposure to Microplastics and Insights Into Microplastics as Obesogens. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:724989. [PMID: 34484127 PMCID: PMC8416353 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.724989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous exposure of humans to microplastics (MPs) through inhalation of particles in air and ingestion in dust, water, and diet is well established. Humans are estimated to ingest tens of thousands to millions of MP particles annually, or on the order of several milligrams daily. Available information suggests that inhalation of indoor air and ingestion of drinking water bottled in plastic are the major sources of MP exposure. Little is known on the occurrence of MPs in human diet. Evidence is accumulating that feeding bottles and medical devices can contribute to MP exposure in newborns and infants. Biomonitoring studies of human stool, fetus, and placenta provide direct evidence of MP exposure in infants and children. MPs <20 µm were reported to cross biological membranes. Although plastics were once perceived as inert materials, MP exposure in laboratory animals is linked to various forms of inflammation, immunological response, endocrine disruption, alteration of lipid and energy metabolism, and other disorders. Whereas exposure to MPs itself is a concern, MPs can also be sources of exposure to plastic additives and other toxicants. Exposure of human cell lines to MP additives such as phthalates, bisphenols, and organotins causes adverse effects through the activation of nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, β, and γ, and retinoid X receptor (RXR), leading to oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, thyroid hormone disruption, and altered adipogenesis and energy production. The size, shape, chemical composition, surface charge, and hydrophobicity of MPs influence their toxicity. Maternal transfer of MPs to the developing fetus has been demonstrated in exposed laboratory animals and through the analysis of human placenta. In laboratory animal studies, maternal exposure to MPs altered energy and lipid metabolism in offspring and subsequent generations. Moreover, concomitant with the global increase in plastics production, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in human populations has increased over the past five decades, and there is evidence to support the hypothesis that MPs and their additives are potential obesogens. Even though MP exposures are ubiquitous and toxic effects from such exposures are a concern, systematic studies on this topic remain urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Robledo-Márquez K, Ramírez V, González-Córdova AF, Ramírez-Rodríguez Y, García-Ortega L, Trujillo J. Research opportunities: Traditional fermented beverages in Mexico. Cultural, microbiological, chemical, and functional aspects. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110482. [PMID: 34399478 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In Mexico, close to 200 fermented products have been described, of which, approximately 20 are beverages. They were obtained through rustic and ancestral fermentation methods by different indigenous Mexican communities; most of them were used in ceremonies, agricultural work, and other occasions. For their elaboration, different substrates obtained from plants are used, where uncontrolled and low-scale spontaneous anaerobic fermentation occurs. In Mexico, some of these products are considered as nutritional sources and functional beverages; the study of those products has revealed the presence of multiple compounds of biological importance. Additionally, elder generations attribute healing properties against diverse illnesses to these beverages. The aim of this review is to highlight the available information on twelve traditional Mexican fermented beverages, their traditional uses, and their fermentation processes along with toxicological, chemical, nutritional, and functional studies as seen from different areas of investigation. In the literature, pulque, cocoa, and pozol were the beverages with the greatest amount of described health properties; sendechó and guarapo were less characterized. Polyphenols, gallic and ferulic acid, anthocyanins and saponins were the most abundant molecules in all beverages. Finally, it is important to continue this research in order to determine the microorganisms that are involved in the fermentation process, as well as the organoleptic and beneficial properties they lend to the traditional Mexican fermented beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Robledo-Márquez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - V Ramírez
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - A F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Calidad, Autenticidad y Trazabilidad de los Alimentos y de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal (CTAOA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Y Ramírez-Rodríguez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica-Consorcio de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para las Zonas Áridas (CONACYT-CIIDZA-IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - L García-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de IPN (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - J Trujillo
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica-Consorcio de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para las Zonas Áridas (CONACYT-CIIDZA-IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico.
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Zhan S, Li N, Liu C, Mao R, Wu D, Li T, Chen M, Zhuang X, Zeng Z. Intestinal Fibrosis and Gut Microbiota: Clues From Other Organs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694967. [PMID: 34335525 PMCID: PMC8322786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a complex and difficult to elucidate pathological process with no available therapies. Growing evidence implicates intestinal microbiota in the occurrence and development of fibrosis, and the potential mechanisms involved in different organs have been explored in several studies. In this review, we summarize the causative and preventive effects of gut microbiota on intestinal fibrosis, as well as the relationships between gut microbiota and fibrosis in other organs. Interestingly, several colonized microbes are associated with fibrosis via their structural components and metabolic products. They may also play essential roles in regulating inflammation and fibroblast activation or differentiation, which modulates extracellular matrix formation. While the relationships between intestinal fibrosis and gut microbiota remain unclear, lessons can be drawn from the effects of gut microbiota on hepatic, cardiac, nephritic, and pulmonary fibrosis. Various intestinal microbes alterations have been detected in different fibrotic organs; however, the results were heterogeneous. Mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota regulate fibrotic processes in other organs, such as novel metabolic products or specific microbes, are also discussed. The specific microbiota associated with fibrosis in other organs could instruct future studies aiming to discover prospective mechanisms regulating intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiguang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lépine G, Fouillet H, Rémond D, Huneau JF, Mariotti F, Polakof S. A Scoping Review: Metabolomics Signatures Associated with Animal and Plant Protein Intake and Their Potential Relation with Cardiometabolic Risk. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2112-2131. [PMID: 34229350 PMCID: PMC8634484 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary shift from animal protein (AP) to plant protein (PP) sources is encouraged for both environmental and health reasons. For instance, PPs are associated with lower cardiovascular and diabetes risks compared with APs, although the underlying mechanisms mostly remain unknown. Metabolomics is a valuable tool for globally and mechanistically characterizing the impact of AP and PP intake, given its unique ability to provide integrated signatures and specific biomarkers of metabolic effects through a comprehensive snapshot of metabolic status. This scoping review is aimed at gathering and analyzing the available metabolomics data associated with PP- and AP-rich diets, and discusses the metabolic effects underlying these metabolomics signatures and their potential implication for cardiometabolic health. We selected 24 human studies comparing the urine, plasma, or serum metabolomes associated with diets with contrasted AP and PP intakes. Among the 439 metabolites reported in those studies as able to discriminate AP- and PP-rich diets, 46 were considered to provide a robust level of evidence, according to a scoring system, especially amino acids (AAs) and AA-related products. Branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids (AAAs), glutamate, short-chain acylcarnitines, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, which are known to be related to an increased cardiometabolic risk, were associated with AP-rich diets, whereas glycine (rather related to a reduced risk) was associated with PP-rich diets. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and products from gut microbiota AAA degradation were also often reported, but the direction of their associations differed across studies. Overall, AP- and PP-rich diets result in different metabolomics signatures, with several metabolites being plausible candidates to explain some of their differential associations with cardiometabolic risk. Additional studies specifically focusing on protein type, with rigorous intake control, are needed to better characterize the associated metabolic phenotypes and understand how they could mediate differential AP and PP effects on cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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Wang P, Peng Y, Guo Y, Zhao Y. The efficacy of probiotic preparations on inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic kidney disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26422. [PMID: 34190163 PMCID: PMC8257906 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics supplementation has emerged as adjuvant therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recent years. However, the effects of probiotic preparations on serum inflammatory cytokine levels are still highly controversial and poorly documented. Therefore, we performed the protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to further clarify the effects of probiotic preparations in CKD patients. METHODS This review will develop following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. We searched literature published until May, 2021 thoroughly in PUBMED, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases on May, 2021. The risk of bias of included studies was estimated by taking into consideration the characteristics including random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of patients, blinding of outcome assessment, completeness of outcome data, selective reporting, and other bias by Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. Data synthesis and analyses were performed using Stata version 10.0 software. RESULTS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION We hypothesized that probiotic preparations may decrease the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and protect the intestinal epithelial barrier of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Wang
- Department of General Practice, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanyan Peng
- Department of General Practice, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yueqin Guo
- Department of Medical, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Phosphate, Microbiota and CKD. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041273. [PMID: 33924419 PMCID: PMC8070653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate is a key uremic toxin associated with adverse outcomes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the kidney capacity to excrete excess dietary phosphate decreases, triggering compensatory endocrine responses that drive CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Eventually, hyperphosphatemia develops, and low phosphate diet and phosphate binders are prescribed. Recent data have identified a potential role of the gut microbiota in mineral bone disorders. Thus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) only caused bone loss in mice whose microbiota was enriched in the Th17 cell-inducing taxa segmented filamentous bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiota was required for PTH to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, and this was dependent on bacterial production of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. We review current knowledge on the relationship between phosphate, microbiota and CKD-MBD. Topics include microbial bioactive compounds of special interest in CKD, the impact of dietary phosphate and phosphate binders on the gut microbiota, the modulation of CKD-MBD by the microbiota and the potential therapeutic use of microbiota to treat CKD-MBD through the clinical translation of concepts from other fields of science such as the optimization of phosphorus utilization and the use of phosphate-accumulating organisms.
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Han C, Jiang YH, Li W, Liu Y. Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza ameliorates cyclosporin A-induced chronic nephrotoxicity through the "gut-kidney axis". JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113768. [PMID: 33383113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza (AS) is an effective prescription that is widely used to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinically in traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous studies have shown that AS can alleviate early CKD through the "gut-kidney axis", but the regulatory role of AS in the "gut-kidney axis" in the middle and late stages of CKD caused by cyclosporin A-induced chronic nephrotoxicity (CICN) has remained unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the protective effect of AS by regulating the intestinal flora to further control the miRNA-mRNA interaction profiles in CICN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two mice were divided into four groups: Normal (N) (olive oil), Model (M) (CsA, 30 mg kg-1 d-1), AS (CsA + AS, 30 + 8.4 g kg-1 d-1) and FMT-AS (CsA + Faeces of AS group, 30 mg + 10 mL kg-1 d-1). The mice were treated for 6 weeks. Changes in renal function related metabolites were detected, pathological changes in the colon and kidney were observed, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on mouse faeces. In addition, miRNA and mRNA sequencing were performed on the kidney to construct differential expression (DE) profiles of the other 3 groups compared with group M. The target mRNAs among the DE miRNAs were then predicted, and an integrated analysis was performed with the DE mRNAs to annotate gene function by KEGG. DE miRNAs and DE mRNAs related to CICN in the overlapping top 20 KEGG pathways were screened and verified. RESULTS Eight metabolites that could worsen renal function were increased in group M, accompanied by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules, and proliferation of collagen fibres, while AS and FMT-AS intervention amended these changes to varying degrees. Simultaneously, intestinal permeability increased, the abundance and diversity of the flora decreased, and the ratio of Firmicum to Bacteroides (F/B) increased in group M. The AS and FMT-AS treatments reversed the flora disorder and increased probiotics producing butyric acid and lactic acid, especially Akkermansia and Lactobacillus, which might regulate the 12 overlapping top 20 KEGG pathways, such as Butanoate metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism and several RF-related pathways, leading to the remission of renal metabolism. Finally, 15 DE miRNAs and 45 DE mRNAs were screened as the therapeutic targets, and the results coincided with the sequencing results. CONCLUSION AS could alleviate renal fibrosis and metabolism caused by CICN through the "gut-kidney axis". Probiotics such as Akkermansia and Lactobacillus were the primary driving factors, and the miRNA-mRNA interaction profiles, especially Butanoate metabolism and Tryptophan metabolism, may be an important subsequent response and regulatory mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astragalus propinquus/chemistry
- Butyric Acid
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/microbiology
- Colon/pathology
- Cyclosporine/toxicity
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Lactic Acid
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/drug effects
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/microbiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Han
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yue-Hua Jiang
- Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei Li
- Nephropathy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yao Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
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Summers S, Quimby J, Yao L, Hess A, Broeckling C, Lappin M. Biological variation of major gut-derived uremic toxins in the serum of healthy adult cats. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:902-911. [PMID: 33537991 PMCID: PMC7995407 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biological variation of serum indoxyl sulfate (IS), p‐cresol sulfate (pCS), and trimethylamine‐n‐oxide (TMAO) concentrations in cats is unknown. Objectives To determine short‐ and medium‐term biological variation, index of individuality (II), and reference change values for serum IS, pCS, and TMAO concentrations in healthy adult cats. To determine the effect of feeding on serum concentrations. Animals Twelve healthy adult cats. Methods Prospective, cohort study. Seven serum samples over a 12‐hour period (short‐term) and 5 serum samples over a 19‐day period (medium‐term) were collected. Serum concentrations of total IS, pCS, and TMAO were measured every 2 hours in a 12‐hour period (hours 0‐12) after a meal in 9 cats and compared to concentrations in a nonfed state. Results For IS, the II was high using short‐term (1.96) and low using medium‐term (0.65) biological variation estimates. Individuality was intermediate for pCS (short‐term, 0.98; medium‐term, 1.17) and TMAO (short‐term, 1.47; medium‐term, 0.83). Serum IS, pCS, and TMAO concentrations were significantly lower in a fed state compared to a nonfed state at hours 4, 6, 8, and 12; at hours 4 and 6; and at hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, respectively. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Population‐based reference intervals with reference to the subject‐based interval can be used to monitor serum pCS and TMAO concentrations. For IS, a subject‐based and a population‐based reference interval is best for short‐term and medium‐term monitoring, respectively. To compare serial measurements, it would be prudent to collect samples at the same time of day and consistently in either a fed or nonfed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie Summers
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Linxing Yao
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann Hess
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Can curcumin supplementation reduce plasma levels of gut-derived uremic toxins in hemodialysis patients? A pilot randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:1231-1238. [PMID: 33438085 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is closely related to inflammatory processes. Some nutritional strategies, such as bioactive compounds present in curcumin, have been proposed as an option to modulate the gut microbiota and decrease the production of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of curcumin supplementation on uremic toxins plasma levels produced by gut microbiota in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD). METHODS Randomized, double-blind trial in 28 patients [53.6 ± 13.4 years, fourteen men, BMI 26.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2, dialysis vintage 37.5 (12-193) months]. Fourteen patients were randomly allocated to the curcumin group and received 100 mL of orange juice with 12 g carrot and 2.5 g of turmeric and 14 patients to the control group who received the same juice but without turmeric three times per week after HD sessions for three months. IS, pCS, IAA plasma levels were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography RESULTS: After three months of supplementation, the curcumin group showed a significant decrease in pCS plasma levels [from 32.4 (22.1-45.9) to 25.2 (17.9-37.9) mg/L, p = 0.009], which did not occur in the control group. No statistical difference was observed in IS and IAA levels in both groups. CONCLUSION The oral supplementation of curcumin for three months seems to reduce p-CS plasma levels in HD patients, suggesting a gut microbiota modulation.
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