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Chen K, Alexander LE, Mahgoub U, Okazaki Y, Higashi Y, Perera AM, Showman LJ, Loneman D, Dennison TS, Lopez M, Claussen R, Peddicord L, Saito K, Lauter N, Dorman KS, Nikolau BJ, Yandeau-Nelson MD. Dynamic relationships among pathways producing hydrocarbons and fatty acids of maize silk cuticular waxes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2234-2255. [PMID: 38537616 PMCID: PMC11213258 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The hydrophobic cuticle is the first line of defense between aerial portions of plants and the external environment. On maize (Zea mays L.) silks, the cuticular cutin matrix is infused with cuticular waxes, consisting of a homologous series of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), aldehydes, and hydrocarbons. Together with VLC fatty-acyl-CoAs (VLCFA-CoAs), these metabolites serve as precursors, intermediates, and end-products of the cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway. To deconvolute the potentially confounding impacts of the change in silk microenvironment and silk development on this pathway, we profiled cuticular waxes on the silks of the inbreds B73 and Mo17, and their reciprocal hybrids. Multivariate interrogation of these metabolite abundance data demonstrates that VLCFA-CoAs and total free VLCFAs are positively correlated with the cuticular wax metabolome, and this metabolome is primarily affected by changes in the silk microenvironment and plant genotype. Moreover, the genotype effect on the pathway explains the increased accumulation of cuticular hydrocarbons with a concomitant reduction in cuticular VLCFA accumulation on B73 silks, suggesting that the conversion of VLCFA-CoAs to hydrocarbons is more effective in B73 than Mo17. Statistical modeling of the ratios between cuticular hydrocarbons and cuticular VLCFAs reveals a significant role of precursor chain length in determining this ratio. This study establishes the complexity of the product-precursor relationships within the silk cuticular wax-producing network by dissecting both the impact of genotype and the allocation of VLCFA-CoA precursors to different biological processes and demonstrates that longer chain VLCFA-CoAs are preferentially utilized for hydrocarbon biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keting Chen
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Liza E Alexander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Umnia Mahgoub
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Higashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ann M Perera
- W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lucas J Showman
- W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Derek Loneman
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tesia S Dennison
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Miriam Lopez
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Reid Claussen
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Layton Peddicord
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nick Lauter
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Karin S Dorman
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Basil J Nikolau
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marna D Yandeau-Nelson
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Licciardello G, Doppler M, Sicher C, Bueschl C, Ruso D, Schuhmacher R, Perazzolli M. Metabolic changes in tomato plants caused by psychrotolerant Antarctic endophytic bacteria might be implicated in cold stress mitigation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14352. [PMID: 38764037 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is responsible for mild winters and warm springs that can induce premature plant development, increasing the risk of exposure to cold stress with a severe reduction in plant growth. Tomato plants are sensitive to cold stress and beneficial microorganisms can increase their tolerance. However, scarce information is available on mechanisms stimulated by bacterial endophytes in tomato plants against cold stress. This study aimed to clarify metabolic changes stimulated by psychrotolerant endophytic bacteria in tomato plants exposed to cold stress and annotate compounds possibly associated with cold stress mitigation. Tomato seeds were inoculated with two bacterial endophytes isolated from Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis plants (Ewingella sp. S1.OA.A_B6 and Pseudomonas sp. S2.OTC.A_B10) or with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, while mock-inoculated seeds were used as control. The metabolic composition of tomato plants was analyzed immediately after cold stress exposure (4°C for seven days) or after two and four days of recovery at 25°C. Under cold stress, the content of malondialdehyde, phenylalanine, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid was lower in bacterium-inoculated compared to mock-inoculated plants, indicating a reduction of lipid peroxidation and the stimulation of phenolic compound metabolism. The content of two phenolic compounds, five putative phenylalanine-derived dipeptides, and three further phenylalanine-derived compounds was higher in bacterium-inoculated compared to mock-inoculated samples under cold stress. Thus, psychrotolerant endophytic bacteria can reprogram polyphenol metabolism and stimulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites, like 4-hydroxybenzoic and salicylic acid, which are presumably involved in cold stress mitigation, and phenylalanine-derived dipeptides possibly involved in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Licciardello
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Doppler
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules: Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Carmela Sicher
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - David Ruso
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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3
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Ejaz U, Afzal M, Naveed M, Amin ZS, Atta A, Aziz T, Kainat G, Mehmood N, Alharbi M, Alasmari AF. Pharmacological evaluation and phytochemical profiling of butanol extract of L. edodes with in- silico virtual screening. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5751. [PMID: 38459108 PMCID: PMC10923892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
L. edodes (L. edodes) is the most consumed mushroom in the world and has been well known for its therapeutic potential as an edible and medicinal candidate, it contains dietary fibers, vitamins, proteins, minerals, and carbohydrates. In the current study butanolic extract of mushroom was used to form semisolid butanol extract. The current study aimed to explore biometabolites that might have biological activities in n-butanol extract of L. edodes using FT-IR and GC-MS and LC-MS. The synergistic properties of bioactive compounds were futher assessed by performing different biological assays such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic. FTIR spectra showed different functional groups including amide N-H group, Alkane (C-H stretching), and (C = C stretching) groups at different spectrum peaks in the range of 500 cm-1 to 5000 cm-1 respectively. GC-MS profiling of n-butanol extract depicted 34 potent biomolecules among those dimethyl; Morphine, 2TMS derivative; Benzoic acid, methyl ester 1-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol were spotted at highest range. Results indicate that L. edodes n-butanol extract showed a maximum anti-inflammatory potential 91.4% at 300 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity was observed by measuring free radical scavenging activity which is 64.6% at optimized concentration along with good antidiabetic activity. In-silico study executed the biopotential of active ingredient morphine which proved the best docking score (- 7.0 kJ/mol) against aldose reductase. The in-silico drug design analysis was performed on biometabolites detected through GC-MS that might be a potential target for sulfatase-2 to treat ruminated arthritis. Morphine binds more strongly (- 7.9 kJ/mol) than other bioactive constituents indicated. QSAR and ADMET analysis shown that morphine is a good candidates against ruminated arthritis. The current study showed that L. edodes might be used as potent drug molecules to cure multiple ailments. As mushrooms have high bioactivity, they can be used against different diseases and to develop antibacterial drugs based on the current situation in the world in which drug resistance is going to increase due to misuse of antibiotics so new and noval biological active compounds are needed to overcome the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Zeemal Seemab Amin
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Asia Atta
- Department of Biochemistry, Nur international university, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health Food Hygiene and Quality, University of Ioannina, 47132, Arta, Greece.
| | - Gul Kainat
- Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Noshaba Mehmood
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chóez-Guaranda I, Maridueña-Zavala M, Quevedo A, Quijano-Avilés M, Manzano P, Cevallos-Cevallos JM. Changes in GC-MS metabolite profile, antioxidant capacity and anthocyanins content during fermentation of fine-flavor cacao beans from Ecuador. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298909. [PMID: 38427658 PMCID: PMC10906890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The fermentation of fine-flavor cacao beans is a key process contributing to the enhancement of organoleptic attributes and monetary benefits for cacao farmers. This work aimed to describe the dynamics of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolite profile as well as the antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin contents during fermentation of fine-flavor cacao beans. Samples of Nacional x Trinitario cacao beans were obtained after 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours of spontaneous fermentation. Total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total anthocyanin content were measured by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. Volatiles were adsorbed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) while other metabolites were assessed by an extraction-derivatization method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection and identification. Thirty-two aroma-active compounds were identified in the samples, including 17 fruity, and 9 floral-like volatiles as well as metabolites with caramel, chocolate, ethereal, nutty, sweet, and woody notes. Principal components analysis and Heatmap-cluster analysis of volatile metabolites grouped samples according to the fermentation time. Additionally, the total anthocyanin content declined during fermentation, and FRAP-TPC values showed a partial correlation. These results highlight the importance of fermentation for the improvement of the fine-flavor characteristics of cacao beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chóez-Guaranda
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - María Maridueña-Zavala
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Adela Quevedo
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - María Quijano-Avilés
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Manzano
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Righetti L, Vanara F, Bruni R, Sardella C, Blandino M, Dall’Asta C. Investigating Metabolic Plant Response toward Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Four Winter Cereals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3200-3209. [PMID: 38315448 PMCID: PMC10870777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a phytotoxic agent supporting the spread of fungal diseases in cereals worldwide, i.e., fusarium head blight. It is known that DON accumulation may elicit changes in plant secondary metabolites in response to pathogen attack. This study maps the changes in selected secondary metabolite classes upon DON contamination occurring in fifteen Triticum spp. genotypes, among them emmer, spelt, and soft wheat, and 2 tritordeum varieties, cultivated in two different sites and over two harvest years. The main phenolic classes (i.e., alkylresorcinols, soluble, and cell-wall bound phenolic acids) were targeted analyzed, while changes in the lipidome signature were collected through untargeted HRMS experiments. The results, obtained across multiple Triticum species and in open fields, confirmed the modulation of first-line biological pathways already described in previous studies involving single cereal species or a limited germplasm, thus reinforcing the involvement of nonspecific chemical defenses in the plant response to pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research, Wageningen University
& Research, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Vanara
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Sardella
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Massimo Blandino
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Kaur N, Halford NG. Reducing the Risk of Acrylamide and Other Processing Contaminant Formation in Wheat Products. Foods 2023; 12:3264. [PMID: 37685197 PMCID: PMC10486470 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a staple crop, consumed worldwide as a major source of starch and protein. Global intake of wheat has increased in recent years, and overall, wheat is considered to be a healthy food, particularly when products are made from whole grains. However, wheat is almost invariably processed before it is consumed, usually via baking and/or toasting, and this can lead to the formation of toxic processing contaminants, including acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Acrylamide is principally formed from free (soluble, non-protein) asparagine and reducing sugars (glucose, fructose and maltose) within the Maillard reaction and is classified as a Group 2A carcinogen (probably carcinogenic to humans). It also has neurotoxic and developmental effects at high doses. HMF is also generated within the Maillard reaction but can also be formed via the dehydration of fructose or caramelisation. It is frequently found in bread, biscuits, cookies, and cakes. Its molecular structure points to genotoxicity and carcinogenic risks. PAHs are a large class of chemical compounds, many of which are genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. They are mostly formed during frying, baking and grilling due to incomplete combustion of organic matter. Production of these processing contaminants can be reduced with changes in recipe and processing parameters, along with effective quality control measures. However, in the case of acrylamide and HMF, their formation is also highly dependent on the concentrations of precursors in the grain. Here, we review the synthesis of these contaminants, factors impacting their production and the mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce their formation in wheat products, focusing on the role of genetics and agronomy. We also review the risk management measures adopted by food safety authorities around the world.
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Guo R, Ji Y, Chen J, Ye J, Ni B, Li L, Yang Y. Multicolor Visual Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Grain Based on Magnetic Immunoassay and Enzymatic Etching of Plasmonic Gold Nanobipyramids. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:351. [PMID: 37368652 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a multicolor visual method based on a magnetic immunoassay and enzyme-induced gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs) etching was developed for deoxynivalenol (DON) detection. The magnetic beads modified with high affinity DON monoclonal antibodies were used as a carrier for target enrichment and signal transformation and the Au NBPs with excellent plasmonic optical properties were served as enzymatic etching substrates. The oxidation state TMB, which was generated through catalysis of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), induced the etching of plasmonic Au NBPs, resulting in the longitudinal peak blue-shift of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Correspondingly, Au NBPs with various aspect ratios displayed a variety of individual colors which were visualized by the naked eye. The LSPR peak shift was linearly related to the DON concentration in the range of 0~2000 ng/mL and the detection limit was 57.93 ng/mL. The recovery for naturally contaminated wheat and maize at different concentrations ranged from 93.7% to 105.7% with a good relative standard deviation below 11.8%. Through observing the color change in Au NBPs, samples with overproof DON could be screened preliminarily by the naked eye. The proposed method has the potential to be applied in on-site rapid screening of mycotoxins in grain. In addition, the current multicolor visual method only used for the simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins is in urgent need of a breakthrough to overcome the limitation of single mycotoxin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Str., Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Str., Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Str., Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Str., Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Baoxia Ni
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Str., Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Li Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Str., Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yongtan Yang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Str., Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Fu X, Jin Y, Paul MJ, Yuan M, Liang X, Cui R, Huang Y, Peng W, Liang X. Inhibition of rice germination by ustiloxin A involves alteration in carbon metabolism and amino acid utilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1168985. [PMID: 37223794 PMCID: PMC10200953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1168985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ustiloxins are the main mycotoxin in rice false smut, a devastating disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. A typical phytotoxicity of ustiloxins is strong inhibition of seed germination, but the physiological mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that the inhibition of rice germination by ustiloxin A (UA) is dose-dependent. The sugar availability in UA-treated embryo was lower while the starch residue in endosperm was higher. The transcripts and metabolites responsive to typical UA treatment were investigated. The expression of several SWEET genes responsible for sugar transport in embryo was down-regulated by UA. Glycolysis and pentose phosphate processes in embryo were transcriptionally repressed. Most of the amino acids detected in endosperm and embryo were variously decreased. Ribosomal RNAs for growth were inhibited while the secondary metabolite salicylic acid was also decreased under UA. Hence, we propose that the inhibition of seed germination by UA involves the block of sugar transport from endosperm to embryo, leading to altered carbon metabolism and amino acid utilization in rice plants. Our analysis provides a framework for understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ustiloxins on rice growth and in pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Fu
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Minxuan Yuan
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruqiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenwen Peng
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaogui Liang
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Fanelli G, Kuzmanović L, Giovenali G, Tundo S, Mandalà G, Rinalducci S, Ceoloni C. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals a Multi-Faceted Resistance Response to Fusarium Head Blight Mediated by the Thinopyrum elongatum Fhb7E Locus Transferred via Chromosome Engineering into Wheat. Cells 2023; 12:1113. [PMID: 37190021 PMCID: PMC10136595 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thinopyrum elongatum Fhb7E locus has been proven to confer outstanding resistance to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) when transferred into wheat, minimizing yield loss and mycotoxin accumulation in grains. Despite their biological relevance and breeding implications, the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistant phenotype associated with Fhb7E have not been fully uncovered. To gain a broader understanding of processes involved in this complex plant-pathogen interaction, we analysed via untargeted metabolomics durum wheat (DW) rachises and grains upon spike inoculation with Fusarium graminearum (Fg) and water. The employment of DW near-isogenic recombinant lines carrying or lacking the Th. elongatum chromosome 7E region including Fhb7E on their 7AL arm, allowed clear-cut distinction between differentially accumulated disease-related metabolites. Besides confirming the rachis as key site of the main metabolic shift in plant response to FHB, and the upregulation of defence pathways (aromatic amino acid, phenylpropanoid, terpenoid) leading to antioxidants and lignin accumulation, novel insights were revealed. Fhb7E conferred constitutive and early-induced defence response, in which specific importance of polyamine biosynthesis, glutathione and vitamin B6 metabolisms, along with presence of multiple routes for deoxynivalenol detoxification, was highlighted. The results suggested Fhb7E to correspond to a compound locus, triggering a multi-faceted plant response to Fg, effectively limiting Fg growth and mycotoxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Fanelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.F.)
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Ljiljana Kuzmanović
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Gloria Giovenali
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Giulia Mandalà
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.F.)
| | - Carla Ceoloni
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
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10
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Valenti I, Tini F, Sevarika M, Agazzi A, Beccari G, Bellezza I, Ederli L, Grottelli S, Pasquali M, Romani R, Saracchi M, Covarelli L. Impact of Enniatin and Deoxynivalenol Co-Occurrence on Plant, Microbial, Insect, Animal and Human Systems: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:271. [PMID: 37104209 PMCID: PMC10144843 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins commonly contaminate agricultural products resulting in a serious threat to both animal and human health. The co-occurrence of different mycotoxins in the same cereal field is very common, so the risks as well as the functional and ecological effects of mycotoxins cannot always be predicted by focusing only on the effect of the single contaminants. Enniatins (ENNs) are among the most frequently detected emerging mycotoxins, while deoxynivalenol (DON) is probably the most common contaminant of cereal grains worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the simultaneous exposure to these mycotoxins, with emphasis on the combined effects in multiple organisms. Our literature analysis shows that just a few studies on ENN-DON toxicity are available, suggesting the complexity of mycotoxin interactions, which include synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects. Both ENNs and DON modulate drug efflux transporters, therefore this specific ability deserves to be explored to better understand their complex biological role. Additionally, future studies should investigate the interaction mechanisms of mycotoxin co-occurrence on different model organisms, using concentrations closer to real exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Valenti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Milos Sevarika
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Alessandro Agazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Luisa Ederli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Roberto Romani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Marco Saracchi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
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11
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Zhang J, Liang Q, Li Y, Deng Z, Song G, Wang H, Yan M, Wang X. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses shed light on the defense mechanisms in tomato plants after (E)-2-hexenal fumigation. Genomics 2023; 115:110592. [PMID: 36854356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is a widely cultivated fruit and vegetable and is valued for its flavor, colour, and nutritional value. C6-aldehydes, such as (E)-2-hexenal, not only have antibacterial and antifungal properties but also function as signaling molecules that control the defense mechanisms of plants, including tomatoes. In this study, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and RNA sequencing techniques to generate metabolome and transcriptome datasets that elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating defense responses in tomato leaves exposed to (E)-2-hexenal. A total of 28.27 Gb of clean data were sequenced and assembled into 23,720 unigenes. In addition, a non-targeted metabolomics approach detected 739 metabolites. There were 233 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (158 up-regulated, 75 down-regulated) and 154 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (86 up-regulated, 69 down-regulated). Most nucleotides and amino acids (L-Phenylalanine, L-Asparagine, L-Histidine, L-Arginine, and L-Tyrosine) and their derivatives were enriched. The analyses revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK), pathogenesis-related protein (PR), and endochitinase (CHIB) were primarily responsible for the adaptation of plant defense responses. Therefore, the extensive upregulation of these genes may be associated with the increased plant defense response. These findings help us comprehend the defense response of plants to (E)-2-hexenal and improve the resistance of horticultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Quanwu Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yuqiong Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ge Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens GA30602, USA
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12
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Zhao Y, Wang D, Ji M, Tian J, Ding H, Deng Z. Transcriptome Dynamic Analysis Reveals New Candidate Genes Associated with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Two Chinese Contrasting Wheat Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044222. [PMID: 36835630 PMCID: PMC9966423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Fusarium head blight (FHB) has developed into a global disease that seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat. Effective measures to solve this problem include exploring disease-resistant genes and breeding disease-resistant varieties. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify the important genes that are differentially expressed in FHB medium-resistant (Nankang 1) and FHB medium-susceptible (Shannong 102) wheat varieties for various periods after Fusarium graminearum infection using RNA-seq technology. In total, 96,628 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 42,767 from Shannong 102 and 53,861 from Nankang 1 (FDR < 0.05 and |log2FC| > 1). Of these, 5754 and 6841 genes were found to be shared among the three time points in Shannong 102 and Nankang 1, respectively. After inoculation for 48 h, the number of upregulated genes in Nankang 1 was significantly lower than that of Shannong 102, but at 96 h, the number of DEGs in Nankang 1 was higher than that in Shannong 102. This indicated that Shannong 102 and Nankang 1 had different defensive responses to F. graminearum in the early stages of infection. By comparing the DEGs, there were 2282 genes shared at the three time points between the two strains. GO and KEGG analyses of these DEGs showed that the following pathways were associated with disease resistance genes: response to stimulus pathway in GO, glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction in KEGG. Among them, 16 upregulated genes were identified in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. There were five upregulated genes, TraesCS5A02G439700, TraesCS5B02G442900, TraesCS5B02G443300, TraesCS5B02G443400, and TraesCS5D02G446900, with significantly higher expression levels in Nankang 1 than in Shannong 102, and these genes may have an important role in regulating the resistance of Nankang 1 to F. graminearum infection. The PR proteins they encode are PR protein 1-9, PR protein 1-6, PR protein 1-7, PR protein 1-7, and PR protein 1-like. In addition, the number of DEGs in Nankang 1 was higher than that in Shannong 102 on almost all chromosomes, except chromosomes 1A and 3D, but especially on chromosomes 6B, 4B, 3B, and 5A. These results indicate that gene expression and the genetic background must be considered for FHB resistance in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Zhao
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Mengqi Ji
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Jichun Tian
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiying Deng
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
- Correspondence:
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Dong Y, Xia X, Ahmad D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wu L, Jiang P, Zhang P, Yang X, Li G, He Y. Investigating the Resistance Mechanism of Wheat Varieties to Fusarium Head Blight Using Comparative Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043214. [PMID: 36834625 PMCID: PMC9960685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum and severely reduces wheat yield, causing mycotoxin contamination in grains and derived products. F. graminearum-secreted chemical toxins stably accumulate in plant cells, disturbing host metabolic homeostasis. We determined the potential mechanisms underlying FHB resistance and susceptibility in wheat. Three representative wheat varieties (Sumai 3, Yangmai 158, and Annong 8455) were inoculated with F. graminearum and their metabolite changes were assessed and compared. In total, 365 differentiated metabolites were successfully identified. Amino acids and derivatives, carbohydrates, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamate derivatives, lipids, and nucleotides constituted the major changes in response to fungal infection. Changes in defense-associated metabolites, such as flavonoids and hydroxycinnamate derivatives, were dynamic and differed among the varieties. Nucleotide and amino acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were more active in the highly and moderately resistant varieties than in the highly susceptible variety. We demonstrated that two plant-derived metabolites, phenylalanine and malate, significantly suppressed F. graminearum growth. The genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes for these two metabolites were upregulated in wheat spike during F. graminearum infection. Thus, our findings uncovered the metabolic basis of resistance and susceptibility of wheat to F. graminearum and provided insights into engineering metabolic pathways to enhance FHB resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dong
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dawood Ahmad
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Wu
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yi He
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Y.H.)
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14
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Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Horse Gram ( Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) Genotypes for Horse Gram Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020165. [PMID: 36837784 PMCID: PMC9960754 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) is an under-utilized legume grown in India. It is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. We screened 252 horse gram germplasm accessions for horse gram yellow mosaic virus resistance using the percent disease index and scaling techniques. The percentage values of highly resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible were 0.34, 13.89, 38.89, 46.43, and 0.34, respectively. Repetitive trials confirmed the host-plant resistance levels, and yield loss was assessed. The present disease index ranged from 1.2 to 72.0 and 1.2 to 73.0 during the kharif and rabi seasons of 2018, respectively. The maximum percent yield loss was noticed in the HS (75.0 -89.4), while HR possessed the minimum (1.2-2.0). The methanolic leaf extracts of highly resistant and highly susceptible genotypes with essential controls were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Differential accumulation of metabolites was noticed, and a total of 81 metabolites representing 26 functional groups were identified. Both highly resistant and susceptible genotypes harbored eight unique classes, while ten biomolecules were common. The hierarchical cluster analysis indicated a distinct metabolite profile. Fold change in the common metabolites revealed an enhanced accumulation of sugars, alkanes, and carboxylic acids in the highly resistant genotype. The principal component analysis plots explained 93.7% of the variation. The metabolite profile showed a significant accumulation of three anti-viral (octadecanoic acid, diphenyl sulfone, and 2-Aminooxazole), one insecticidal (9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol), one antifeedant (cucurbitacin B), and six metabolites with unknown biological function in the highly resistant genotype.
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El Abiead Y, Bueschl C, Panzenboeck L, Wang M, Doppler M, Seidl B, Zanghellini J, Dorrestein PC, Koellensperger G. Heterogeneous multimeric metabolite ion species observed in LC-MS based metabolomics data sets. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340352. [PMID: 36156231 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Covalent or non-covalent heterogeneous multimerization of molecules associated with extracts from biological samples analyzed via LC-MS are quite difficult to recognize/annotate and therefore the prevalence of multimerization remains largely unknown. In this study, we utilized 13C labeled and unlabeled Pichia pastoris extracts to recognize heterogeneous multimers. More specifically, between 0.8% and 1.5% of the biologically-derived features detected in our experiments were confirmed to be heteromers, about half of which we could successfully annotate with monomeric partners. Interestingly, we found specific chemical classes such as nucleotides to disproportionately contribute to heteroadducts. Furthermore, we compiled these compounds into the first MS/MS library that included data from heteromultimers to provide a starting point for other labs to improve the annotation of such ions in other metabolomics data sets. Then, the detected heteromers were also searched in publicly accessible LC-MS datasets available in Metabolights, Metabolomics WB and GNPS/MassIVE to demonstrate that these newly annotated ions are also relevant to other public datasets. Furthermore, in additional datasets (Triticum aestivum, Fusarium graminearum, and Trichoderma reesei) our developed workflow also detected 0.5%-4.9% of metabolite features to originate from heterodimers, demonstrating heteroadducts to be present in metabolomics studies at a low percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin El Abiead
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Lisa Panzenboeck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Maria Doppler
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430, Tulln, Austria; Core Facility Bioactive Molecules: Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Bernhard Seidl
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jürgen Zanghellini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Seidl B, Rehak K, Bueschl C, Parich A, Buathong R, Wolf B, Doppler M, Mitterbauer R, Adam G, Khewkhom N, Wiesenberger G, Schuhmacher R. Gramiketides, Novel Polyketide Derivatives of Fusarium graminearum, Are Produced during the Infection of Wheat. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1030. [PMID: 36294594 PMCID: PMC9605136 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum is a proficient producer of mycotoxins and other in part still unknown secondary metabolites, some of which might act as virulence factors on wheat. The PKS15 gene is expressed only in planta, so far hampering the identification of an associated metabolite. Here we combined the activation of silent gene clusters by chromatin manipulation (kmt6) with blocking the metabolic flow into the competing biosynthesis of the two major mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, two closely related metabolites were found in triple mutants (kmt6 tri5 pks4,13) deficient in production of the major mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, but not in strains with an additional deletion in PKS15 (kmt6 tri5 pks4,13 pks15). Characterization of the metabolites, by LC-HRMS/MS in combination with a stable isotope-assisted tracer approach, revealed that they are likely hybrid polyketides comprising a polyketide part consisting of malonate-derived acetate units and a structurally deviating part. We propose the names gramiketide A and B for the two metabolites. In a biological experiment, both gramiketides were formed during infection of wheat ears with wild-type but not with pks15 mutants. The formation of the two gramiketides during infection correlated with that of the well-known virulence factor deoxynivalenol, suggesting that they might play a role in virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Seidl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Katrin Rehak
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Parich
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Raveevatoo Buathong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Ngamwongwan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Bernhard Wolf
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Maria Doppler
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules: Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Mitterbauer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Netnapis Khewkhom
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Ngamwongwan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Gerlinde Wiesenberger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Doppler M, Bueschl C, Ertl F, Woischitzschlaeger J, Parich A, Schuhmacher R. Towards a broader view of the metabolome: untargeted profiling of soluble and bound polyphenols in plants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7421-7433. [PMID: 35678834 PMCID: PMC9482910 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalanine (Phe) is a central precursor for numerous secondary plant metabolites with a multitude of biological functions. Recent studies on the fungal disease Fusarium head blight in wheat showed numerous Phe-derived defence metabolites to be induced in the presence of the pathogen. These studies also suggest a partial incorporation of Phe-derived secondary metabolites into the cell wall. To broaden the view of the metabolome to bound Phe derivatives, an existing approach using 13C-labelled Phe as tracer was extended. The developed workflow consists of three successive extractions with an acidified acetonitrile-methanol-water mixture to remove the soluble plant metabolites, followed by cell wall hydrolysis with 4M aqueous NaOH, acidification with aqueous HCl, and liquid-liquid extraction of the hydrolysate with ethyl acetate. The untargeted screening of Phe-derived metabolites revealed 156 soluble compounds and 90 compounds in the hydrolysed samples including known cell wall constituents like ferulic acid, coumaric acid, and tricin. Forty-nine metabolites were found exclusively in the hydrolysate. The average cumulative extraction yield of the soluble metabolites was 99.6%, with a range of 91.8 to 100%. Repeatability coefficients of variation of the protocol ranged from 10.5 to 25.9%, with a median of 16.3%. To demonstrate the suitability of the proposed method for a typical metabolomics application, mock-treated and Fusarium graminearum-treated wheat samples were compared. The study revealed differences between the hydrolysates of the two sample types, confirming the differential incorporation of Phe-derived metabolites into the cell wall under infection conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doppler
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria. .,Core Facility Bioactive Molecules: Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Florian Ertl
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jakob Woischitzschlaeger
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Parich
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
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Gupta H, Gupta P, Kairamkonda M, Poluri KM. Molecular investigations on Candida glabrata clinical isolates for pharmacological targeting. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17570-17584. [PMID: 35765448 PMCID: PMC9194923 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02092k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of drug resistant C. glabrata strains in hospitalized immune-compromised patients with invasive fungal infections has increased at an unexpected pace. This has greatly pushed researchers in identification of mutations/variations in clinical isolates for better assessment of the prevailing drug resistance trends and also for updating of antifungal therapy regime. In the present investigation, the clinical isolates of C. glabrata were comprehensively characterized at a molecular level using metabolic profiling and transcriptional expression analysis approaches in combination with biochemical, morphological and chemical profiling methods. Biochemically, significant variations in azole susceptibility, surface hydrophobicity, and oxidative stress generation were observed among the isolates as compared to wild-type. The 1H NMR profiling identified 18 differential metabolites in clinical strains compared to wild-type and were classified into five categories, that include: sugars (7), amino acids and their derivatives (7), nitrogen bases (3) and coenzymes (1). Transcriptional analysis of selective metabolic and regulatory enzymes established that the major differences were found in cell membrane stress, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, ergosterol pathway and turnover of nitrogen bases. This detailed molecular level/metabolic fingerprint study is a useful approach for differentiating pathogenic/clinical isolates to that of wild-type. This study comprehensively delineated the differential cellular pathways at a molecular level that have been re-wired by the pathogenic clinical isolates for enhanced pathogenicity and virulence traits. The clinical isolates of Candida glabrata were characterized and found to be different in terms of metabolic pathways that could be targeted for drug development.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-Roorkee) Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-Roorkee) Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Manikyaprabhu Kairamkonda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-Roorkee) Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-Roorkee) Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India .,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India
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19
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Wu F, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Sun Z, Li L, Li T. Linking Multi-Omics to Wheat Resistance Types to Fusarium Head Blight to Reveal the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042280. [PMID: 35216395 PMCID: PMC8880642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a worldwide disease which has destructive effects on wheat production, resulting in severe yield reduction and quality deterioration, while FHB-infected wheat grains are toxic to people and animals due to accumulation of fungal toxins. Although impressive progress towards understanding host resistance has been achieved, our knowledge of the mechanism underlying host resistance is still quite limited due to the complexity of wheat-pathogen interactions. In recent years, disease epidemics, the resistance germplasms and components, the genetic mechanism of FHB, and disease management and control, etc., have been well reviewed. However, the resistance mechanism of FHB is quite complex with Type I, II to V resistances. In this review, we focus on the potential resistance mechanisms by linking different resistance types to multi-omics and emphasize the pathways or genes that may play significant roles in the different types of resistance. Deciphering the complicated mechanism of FHB resistance types in wheat at the integral levels based on multi-omics may help discover the genes or pathways that are critical for different FHB resistance, which could then be utilized and manipulated to improve FHB resistance in wheat breeding programs by using transgenic approaches, gene editing, or marker assisted selection strategies.
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Chtioui W, Balmas V, Delogu G, Migheli Q, Oufensou S. Bioprospecting Phenols as Inhibitors of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium: Sustainable Approaches to the Management of Wheat Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020072. [PMID: 35202101 PMCID: PMC8875213 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous fungi able to cause Fusarium head blight and Fusarium foot and root rot on wheat. Among relevant pathogenic species, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum cause significant yield and quality loss and result in contamination of the grain with mycotoxins, mainly type B trichothecenes, which are a major health concern for humans and animals. Phenolic compounds of natural origin are being increasingly explored as fungicides on those pathogens. This review summarizes recent research activities related to the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity of natural phenolic compounds against Fusarium, including studies into the mechanisms of action of major exogenous phenolic inhibitors, their structure-activity interaction, and the combined effect of these compounds with other natural products or with conventional fungicides in mycotoxin modulation. The role of high-throughput analysis tools to decipher key signaling molecules able to modulate the production of mycotoxins and the development of sustainable formulations enhancing potential inhibitors’ efficacy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chtioui
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229-297
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21
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Righetti L, Gottwald S, Tortorella S, Spengler B, Bhandari DR. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Disclosed Spatial Distribution of Defense-Related Metabolites in Triticum spp. Metabolites 2022; 12:48. [PMID: 35050170 PMCID: PMC8780301 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight is the most common fungal disease that strongly affects Triticum spp., reducing crop yield and leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Several studies have investigated the plant metabolic response to counteract mycotoxins accumulation. However, information on the precise location where the defense mechanism is taking place is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the specific tissue distribution of defense metabolites in two Triticum species and use this information to postulate on the metabolites' functional role, unlocking the "location-to-function" paradigm. To address this challenge, transversal cross-sections were obtained from the middle of the grains. They were analyzed using an atmospheric-pressure (AP) SMALDI MSI source (AP-SMALDI5 AF, TransMIT GmbH, Giessen, Germany) coupled to a Q Exactive HF (Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Bremen, Germany) orbital trapping mass spectrometer. Our result revealed the capability of (AP)-SMALDI MSI instrumentation to finely investigate the spatial distribution of wheat defense metabolites, such as hydroxycinnamic acid amides, oxylipins, linoleic and α-linoleic acids, galactolipids, and glycerolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sven Gottwald
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Sara Tortorella
- Molecular Horizon srl, Via Montelino 30, Bettona, 06084 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
- Gandaki Prvince Academy of Science and Technology, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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22
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Zhao P, Gu S, Han C, Lu Y, Ma C, Tian J, Bi J, Deng Z, Wang Q, Xu Q. Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Wheat Reveals Amino Acids Increase Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:762605. [PMID: 34868158 PMCID: PMC8639535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.762605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), a notorious plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), is severely harmful to wheat production, resulting in a decline in grain quality and yield. In order to develop novel control strategies, metabolomics has been increasingly used to characterize more comprehensive profiles of the mechanisms of underlying plant-pathogen interactions. In this research, untargeted and targeted metabolomics were used to analyze the metabolite differences between two wheat varieties, the resistant genotype Sumai 3 and the susceptible genotype Shannong 20, after F. graminearum inoculation. The untargeted metabolomics results showed that differential amino acid metabolic pathways existed in Sumai 3 and Shannong 20 after F. graminearum infection. Additionally, some of the amino acid contents changed greatly in different cultivars when infected with F. graminearum. Exogenous application of amino acids and F. graminearum inoculation assay showed that proline (Pro) and alanine (Ala) increased wheat resistance to FHB, while cysteine (Cys) aggravated the susceptibility. This study provides an initial insight into the metabolite differences of two wheat cultivars under the stress of F. graminearum. Moreover, the method of optimization metabolite extraction presents an effective and feasible strategy to explore the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shubo Gu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao Han
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yaru Lu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jichun Tian
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianjie Bi
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhiying Deng
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qunqing Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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23
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Buhrow LM, Liu Z, Cram D, Sharma T, Foroud NA, Pan Y, Loewen MC. Wheat transcriptome profiling reveals abscisic and gibberellic acid treatments regulate early-stage phytohormone defense signaling, cell wall fortification, and metabolic switches following Fusarium graminearum-challenge. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:798. [PMID: 34742254 PMCID: PMC8571860 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of wheat with the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) has been shown to affect Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease severity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the elicited phenotypes remain unclear. Toward addressing this gap in our knowledge, global transcriptomic profiling was applied to the FHB-susceptible wheat cultivar ‘Fielder’ to map the regulatory responses effected upon treatment with ABA, an ABA receptor antagonist (AS6), or GA in the presence or absence of Fusarium graminearum (Fg) challenge. Results Spike treatments resulted in a total of 30,876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in ‘Fielder’ (26,004) and the Fg (4872) pathogen. Topology overlap and correlation analyses defined 9689 wheat DEGs as Fg-related across the treatments. Further enrichment analyses demonstrated that these included expression changes within ‘Fielder’ defense responses, cell structural metabolism, molecular transport, and membrane/lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of ABA and GA crosstalk arising from repression of ‘Fielder’ FUS3 was noted. As well, expression of a putative Fg ABA-biosynthetic cytochrome P450 was detected. The co-applied condition of Fg + ABA elicited further up-regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis, as well as SA and ET signaling pathways and cell wall/polyphenolic metabolism. In contrast, co-applied Fg + GA mainly suppressed phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, while modulating primary and secondary metabolism and flowering. Unexpectedly, co-applied Fg + AS6 did not affect ABA biosynthesis or signaling, but rather elicited antagonistic responses tied to stress, phytohormone transport, and FHB disease-related genes. Conclusions Observed exacerbation (misregulation) of classical defense mechanisms and cell wall fortifications upon ABA treatment are consistent with its ability to promote FHB severity and its proposed role as a fungal effector. In contrast, GA was found to modulate primary and secondary metabolism, suggesting a general metabolic shift underlying its reduction in FHB severity. While AS6 did not antagonize traditional ABA pathways, its impact on host defense and Fg responses imply potential for future investigation. Overall, by comparing these findings to those previously reported for four additional plant genotypes, an additive model of the wheat-Fg interaction is proposed in the context of phytohormone responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08069-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann M Buhrow
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Centre, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0M8, Canada
| | - Ziying Liu
- National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Dustin Cram
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Centre, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0M8, Canada
| | - Tanya Sharma
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Ave, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Youlian Pan
- National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Michele C Loewen
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Centre, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0M8, Canada. .,University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. .,National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Centre, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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24
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Righetti L, Bhandari DR, Rolli E, Tortorella S, Bruni R, Dall’Asta C, Spengler B. Mycotoxin Uptake in Wheat - Eavesdropping Fusarium Presence for Priming Plant Defenses or a Trojan Horse to Weaken Them? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:711389. [PMID: 34381485 PMCID: PMC8350570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.711389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins represent a major threat for cereal crops and food safety. While previous investigations have described plant biotransforming properties on mycotoxins or metabolic relapses of fungal infections in plants, so far, the potential consequences of radical exposure in healthy crops are mostly unknown. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating whether the exposure to mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), at the plant-soil interface may be considered a form of biotic stress capable of inducing priming or a potential initiation of fungal attack. To address this, we used atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to investigate the activation or the inhibition of specific biosynthetic pathways and in situ localization of primary and secondary metabolites in wheat. According to our untargeted metabolomics investigation, the translocation of plant defense metabolites (i.e., hydroxycinnamic acid amide and flavones) follows the mycotoxin accumulation organs, which is the root for ZEN-treated plantlet and culm for DON-treated sample, suggesting a local "defense-on-demand response." Therefore, it can be hypothesized that DON and ZEN are involved in the eavesdropping of Fusarium presence in soil and that wheat response based on secondary metabolites may operate on multiple organs with a potential interplay that involves masked mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Enrico Rolli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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25
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Abbey L, Ofoe R, Gunupuru LR, Ijenyo M. Variation in frequency of CQA-tested municipal solid waste compost can alter metabolites in vegetables. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110225. [PMID: 33992339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of compost to enhance plant growth and mineral nutrients composition are extensively studied but not much literature information exists on its influence on plant metabolic profiles. A study was performed to assess a 5-year variable frequency of application of Compost Quality Alliance tested municipal solid waste (MSW) compost effect on metabolic profiles of the edible portions of four different vegetable plants. The plants were lettuce (Latuca sativa cv. Grand Rapids), beets (Beta vulgaris cv. Detroit Supreme), carrot (Daucus carota cv. Nantes) and green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Golden Wax) grown under a sub-humid continental climate. The treatments were annual, biennial and no (control) applications of the MSW compost. Typically, soil fertility highly increased with the annual application of the MSW compost followed by the biennial application but declined in the control plot. The annually applied MSW compost increased total amino acids in the lettuce, carrot, beets, and green beans by ca. 323%, 109%, 94% and 18% respectively, compared to the control. Overall, total phospholipids were enhanced by the biennially applied MSW compost. Total organic acids in the lettuce, beets, and green beans were altered by the annual and biennial MSW compost applications by ca. 35% and 23%; 6% and 6.4%; and 22% and 65%, respectively compared to the control. A 2-dimension principal component analysis biplot confirmed positive association between the different frequencies of MSW compost application and soil fertility enhancement of plant metabolites. In conclusion, the annual application of MSW compost enhanced amino acids, phospholipids, acylcarnitines, amines and choline but reduced glucose in the lettuce, beets, carrot, and green beans. Further studies to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning such biofortification will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lord Abbey
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Raphael Ofoe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lokanadha Rao Gunupuru
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mercy Ijenyo
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada
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26
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Richard-Forget F, Atanasova V, Chéreau S. Using metabolomics to guide strategies to tackle the issue of the contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins: A review of the literature with specific focus on Fusarium mycotoxins. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Mundada PS, Barvkar VT, Umdale SD, Anil Kumar S, Nikam TD, Ahire ML. An insight into the role of silicon on retaliation to osmotic stress in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:124078. [PMID: 33265064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Finger millet, a vital nutritional cereal crop provides food security. It is a well-established fact that silicon (Si) supplementation to plants alleviates both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, precise molecular targets of Si remain elusive. The present study attempts to understand the alterations in the metabolic pathways after Si amendment under osmotic stress. The analysis of transcriptome and metabolome of finger millet seedlings treated with distilled water (DW) as control, Si (10 ppm), PEG (15%), and PEG (15%) + Si (10 ppm) suggest the molecular alterations mediated by Si for ameliorating the osmotic stress. Under osmotic stress, uptake of Si has increased mediating the diversion of an enhanced pool of acetyl CoA to lipid biosynthesis and down-regulation of TCA catabolism. The membrane lipid damage reduced significantly by Si under osmotic stress. A significant decrease in linolenic acid and an increase of jasmonic acid (JA) in PEG + Si treatment suggest the JA mediated regulation of osmotic stress. The relative expression of transcripts corroborated with the corresponding metabolites abundance levels indicating the activity of genes in assuaging the osmotic stress. This work substantiates the role of Si in osmotic stress tolerance by reprogramming of fatty acids biosynthesis in finger millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj S Mundada
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara 415001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suraj D Umdale
- Department of Botany, Jaysingpur College, Jaysingpur, Maharashtra 416101, India
| | - S Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Tukaram D Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahendra L Ahire
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara 415001, Maharashtra, India.
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Lalaleo L, Hidalgo D, Valle M, Calero-Cáceres W, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Becerra-Martínez E. Differentiating, evaluating, and classifying three quinoa ecotypes by washing, cooking and germination treatments, using 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach. Food Chem 2020; 331:127351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ćeranić A, Bueschl C, Doppler M, Parich A, Xu K, Lemmens M, Buerstmayr H, Schuhmacher R. Enhanced Metabolome Coverage and Evaluation of Matrix Effects by the Use of Experimental-Condition-Matched 13C-Labeled Biological Samples in Isotope-Assisted LC-HRMS Metabolomics. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110434. [PMID: 33121096 PMCID: PMC7692853 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope-assisted approaches can improve untargeted liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) metabolomics studies. Here, we demonstrate at the example of chemically stressed wheat that metabolome-wide internal standardization by globally 13C-labeled metabolite extract (GLMe-IS) of experimental-condition-matched biological samples can help to improve the detection of treatment-relevant metabolites and can aid in the post-acquisition assessment of putative matrix effects in samples obtained upon different treatments. For this, native extracts of toxin- and mock-treated (control) wheat ears were standardized by the addition of uniformly 13C-labeled wheat ear extracts that were cultivated under similar experimental conditions (toxin-treatment and control) and measured with LC-HRMS. The results show that 996 wheat-derived metabolites were detected with the non-condition-matched 13C-labeled metabolite extract, while another 68 were only covered by the experimental-condition-matched GLMe-IS. Additional testing is performed with the assumption that GLMe-IS enables compensation for matrix effects. Although on average no severe matrix differences between both experimental conditions were found, individual metabolites may be affected as is demonstrated by wrong decisions with respect to the classification of significantly altered metabolites. When GLMe-IS was applied to compensate for matrix effects, 272 metabolites showed significantly altered levels between treated and control samples, 42 of which would not have been classified as such without GLMe-IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja Ćeranić
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Upper Austria, Austria; (A.Ć.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (A.P.); (K.X.)
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Upper Austria, Austria; (A.Ć.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (A.P.); (K.X.)
| | - Maria Doppler
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Upper Austria, Austria; (A.Ć.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (A.P.); (K.X.)
| | - Alexandra Parich
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Upper Austria, Austria; (A.Ć.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (A.P.); (K.X.)
| | - Kangkang Xu
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Upper Austria, Austria; (A.Ć.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (A.P.); (K.X.)
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Upper Austria, Austria; (M.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Upper Austria, Austria; (M.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Upper Austria, Austria; (A.Ć.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (A.P.); (K.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-47654-97307
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Chen L, Zhong F, Zhu J. Bridging Targeted and Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics via Hybrid Approaches. Metabolites 2020; 10:E348. [PMID: 32867165 PMCID: PMC7570162 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This mini-review aims to discuss the development and applications of mass spectrometry (MS)-based hybrid approaches in metabolomics. Several recently developed hybrid approaches are introduced. Then, the overall workflow, frequently used instruments, data handling strategies, and applications are compared and their pros and cons are summarized. Overall, the improved repeatability and quantitative capability in large-scale MS-based metabolomics studies are demonstrated, in comparison to either targeted or untargeted metabolomics approaches alone. In summary, we expect this review to serve as a first attempt to highlight the development and applications of emerging hybrid approaches in metabolomics, and we believe that hybrid metabolomics approaches could have great potential in many future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fanyi Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA;
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Deng M, Zhang X, Luo J, Liu H, Wen W, Luo H, Yan J, Xiao Y. Metabolomics analysis reveals differences in evolution between maize and rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1710-1722. [PMID: 32445406 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites are the intermediate and final products of metabolism, which play essential roles in plant growth, evolution and adaptation to changing climates. However, it is unclear how evolution contributes to metabolic variation in plants. Here, we investigated the metabolomics data from leaf and seed tissues in maize and rice. Using principal components analysis based on leaf metabolites but not seed metabolites, metabolomics data could be clearly separated for rice Indica and Japonica accessions, while two maize subgroups, temperate and tropical, showed more visible admixture. Rice and maize seed exhibited significant interspecific differences in metabolic variation, while within rice, leaf and seed displayed similar metabolic variations. Among 10 metabolic categories, flavonoids had higher variation in maize than rice, indicating flavonoids are a key constituent of interspecific metabolic divergence. Interestingly, metabolic regulation was also found to be reshaped dramatically from positive to negative correlations, indicative of the differential evolutionary processes in maize and rice. Moreover, perhaps due to this divergence significantly more metabolic interactions were identified in rice than maize. Furthermore, in rice, the leaf was found to harbor much more intense metabolic interactions than the seed. Our result suggests that metabolomes are valuable for tracking evolutionary history, thereby complementing and extending genomic insights concerning which features are responsible for interspecific differentiation in maize and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jingyun Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Ghimire B, Sapkota S, Bahri BA, Martinez-Espinoza AD, Buck JW, Mergoum M. Fusarium Head Blight and Rust Diseases in Soft Red Winter Wheat in the Southeast United States: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspective for Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1080. [PMID: 32765563 PMCID: PMC7378807 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Among the biotic constraints to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, leaf rust (LR), caused by Puccinia triticina, and stripe rust (SR) caused by Puccinia striiformis are problematic fungal diseases worldwide. Each can significantly reduce grain yield while FHB causes additional food and feed safety concerns due to mycotoxin contamination of grain. Genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable approach for managing wheat diseases. In the past 20 years, over 500 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring small to moderate effects for the different FHB resistance types have been reported in wheat. Similarly, 79 Lr-genes and more than 200 QTLs and 82 Yr-genes and 140 QTLs have been reported for seedling and adult plant LR and SR resistance, respectively. Most QTLs conferring rust resistance are race-specific generally conforming to a classical gene-for-gene interaction while resistance to FHB exhibits complex polygenic inheritance with several genetic loci contributing to one resistance type. Identification and deployment of additional genes/QTLs associated with FHB and rust resistance can expedite wheat breeding through marker-assisted and/or genomic selection to combine small-effect QTL in the gene pool. LR disease has been present in the southeast United States for decades while SR and FHB have become increasingly problematic in the past 20 years, with FHB arguably due to increased corn acreage in the region. Currently, QTLs on chromosome 1B from Jamestown, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5A, and 6A from W14, Ning7840, Ernie, Bess, Massey, NC-Neuse, and Truman, and 3B (Fhb1) from Sumai 3 for FHB resistance, Lr9, Lr10, Lr18, Lr24, Lr37, LrA2K, and Lr2K38 genes for LR resistance, and Yr17 and YrR61 for SR resistance have been extensively deployed in southeast wheat breeding programs. This review aims to disclose the current status of FHB, LR, and SR diseases, summarize the genetics of resistance and breeding efforts for the deployment of FHB and rust resistance QTL on soft red winter wheat cultivars, and present breeding strategies to achieve sustainable management of these diseases in the southeast US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Ghimire
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Suraj Sapkota
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Bochra A. Bahri
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | | | - James W. Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
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Ma Z, Xie Q, Li G, Jia H, Zhou J, Kong Z, Li N, Yuan Y. Germplasms, genetics and genomics for better control of disastrous wheat Fusarium head blight. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1541-1568. [PMID: 31900498 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, for its devastating nature to wheat production and food security, has stimulated worldwide attention. Multidisciplinary efforts have been made to fight against FHB for a long time, but the great progress has been achieved only in the genomics era of the past 20 years, particularly in the areas of resistance gene/QTL discovery, resistance mechanism elucidation and molecular breeding for better resistance. This review includes the following nine main sections, (1) FHB incidence, epidemic and impact, (2) causal Fusarium species, distribution and virulence, (3) types of host resistance to FHB, (4) germplasm exploitation for FHB resistance, (5) genetic control of FHB resistance, (6) fine mapping of Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4 and Fhb5, (7) cloning of Fhb1, (8) omics-based gene discovery and resistance mechanism study and (9) breeding for better FHB resistance. The advancements that have been made are outstanding and exciting; however, judged by the complicated nature of resistance to hemi-biotrophic pathogens like Fusarium species and lack of immune germplasm, it is still a long way to go to overcome FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Ma
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Quan Xie
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiyang Zhou
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongxin Kong
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Raffan S, Halford NG. Acrylamide in food: Progress in and prospects for genetic and agronomic solutions. THE ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY 2019; 175:259-281. [PMID: 31866690 PMCID: PMC6899951 DOI: 10.1111/aab.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a processing contaminant and Group 2a carcinogen that was discovered in foodstuffs in 2002. Its presence in a range of popular foods has become one of the most difficult problems facing the food industry and its supply chain. Wheat, rye and potato products are major sources of dietary acrylamide, with biscuits, breakfast cereals, bread (particularly toasted), crispbread, batter, cakes, pies, French fries, crisps and snack products all affected. Here we briefly review the history of the issue, detection methods, the levels of acrylamide in popular foods and the risk that dietary acrylamide poses to human health. The pathways for acrylamide formation from free (non-protein) asparagine are described, including the role of reducing sugars such as glucose, fructose and maltose and the Maillard reaction. The evolving regulatory situation in the European Union and elsewhere is discussed, noting that food businesses and their suppliers must plan to comply not only with current regulations but with possible future regulatory scenarios. The main focus of the review is on the genetic and agronomic approaches being developed to reduce the acrylamide-forming potential of potatoes and cereals and these are described in detail, including variety selection, plant breeding, biotechnology and crop management. Obvious targets for genetic interventions include asparagine synthetase genes, and the asparagine synthetase gene families of different crop species are compared. Current knowledge on crop management best practice is described, including maintaining optimum storage conditions for potatoes and ensuring sulphur sufficiency and disease control for wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Raffan
- Plant Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
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35
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Doppler M, Kluger B, Bueschl C, Steiner B, Buerstmayr H, Lemmens M, Krska R, Adam G, Schuhmacher R. Stable Isotope-Assisted Plant Metabolomics: Investigation of Phenylalanine-Related Metabolic Response in Wheat Upon Treatment With the Fusarium Virulence Factor Deoxynivalenol. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1137. [PMID: 31736983 PMCID: PMC6831647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The major Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a virulence factor in wheat and has also been shown to induce defense responses in host plant tissue. In this study, global and tracer labeling with 13C were combined to annotate the overall metabolome of wheat spikes and to evaluate the response of phenylalanine-related pathways upon treatment with DON. At anthesis, spikes of resistant and susceptible cultivars as well as two related near isogenic wheat lines (NILs) differing in the presence/absence of the major resistance QTL Fhb1 were treated with 1 mg DON or water (control), and samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after treatment (hat). A total of 172 Phe-derived wheat constituents were detected with our untargeted approach employing 13C-labeled phenylalanine and subsequently annotated as flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, benzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), as well as peptides. Ninety-six hours after the DON treatment, up to 30% of the metabolites biosynthesized from Phe showed significantly increased levels compared to the control samples. Major metabolic changes included the formation of precursors of compounds implicated in cell wall reinforcement and presumed antifungal compounds. In addition, also dipeptides, which presumably are products of proteolytic degradation of truncated proteins generated in the presence of the toxin, were significantly more abundant upon DON treatment. An in-depth comparison of the two NILs with correlation clustering of time course profiles revealed some 70 DON-responsive Phe derivatives. While several flavonoids had constitutively different abundance levels between the two NILs differing in resistance, other Phe-derived metabolites such as HCAAs and hydroxycinnamoyl quinates were affected differently in the two NILs after treatment with DON. Our results suggest a strong activation of the general phenylpropanoid pathway and that coumaroyl-CoA is mainly diverted towards HCAAs in the presence of Fhb1, whereas the metabolic route to monolignol(-conjugates), lignans, and lignin seems to be favored in the absence of the Fhb1 resistance quantitative trait loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doppler
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kluger
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
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Doppler M, Bueschl C, Kluger B, Koutnik A, Lemmens M, Buerstmayr H, Rechthaler J, Krska R, Adam G, Schuhmacher R. Stable Isotope-Assisted Plant Metabolomics: Combination of Global and Tracer-Based Labeling for Enhanced Untargeted Profiling and Compound Annotation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1366. [PMID: 31708958 PMCID: PMC6824187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted approaches and thus biological interpretation of metabolomics results are still hampered by the reliable assignment of the global metabolome as well as classification and (putative) identification of metabolites. In this work we present an liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based stable isotope assisted approach that combines global metabolome and tracer based isotope labeling for improved characterization of (unknown) metabolites and their classification into tracer derived submetabolomes. To this end, wheat plants were cultivated in a customized growth chamber, which was kept at 400 ± 50 ppm 13CO2 to produce highly enriched uniformly 13C-labeled sample material. Additionally, native plants were grown in the greenhouse and treated with either 13C9-labeled phenylalanine (Phe) or 13C11-labeled tryptophan (Trp) to study their metabolism and biochemical pathways. After sample preparation, liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis and automated data evaluation, the results of the global metabolome- and tracer-labeling approaches were combined. A total of 1,729 plant metabolites were detected out of which 122 respective 58 metabolites account for the Phe- and Trp-derived submetabolomes. Besides m/z and retention time, also the total number of carbon atoms as well as those of the incorporated tracer moieties were obtained for the detected metabolite ions. With this information at hand characterization of unknown compounds was improved as the additional knowledge from the tracer approaches considerably reduced the number of plausible sum formulas and structures of the detected metabolites. Finally, the number of putative structure formulas was further reduced by isotope-assisted annotation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) derived product ion spectra of the detected metabolites. A major innovation of this paper is the classification of the metabolites into submetabolomes which turned out to be valuable information for effective filtering of database hits based on characteristic structural subparts. This allows the generation of a final list of true plant metabolites, which can be characterized at different levels of specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doppler
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kluger
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Andrea Koutnik
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Justyna Rechthaler
- University of Applied Sciences Wr. Neustadt, Degree Programme Biotechnical Processes (FHWN-Tulln), Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
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Righetti L, Körber T, Rolli E, Galaverna G, Suman M, Bruni R, Dall'Asta C. Plant biotransformation of T2 and HT2 toxin in cultured organs of Triticum durum Desf. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14320. [PMID: 31586121 PMCID: PMC6778183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at elucidating the uptake and biotransformation of T2 and HT2 toxins in five cultivars of durum wheat, by means of cultured plant organs. An almost complete absorption of T2 toxin (up to 100 µg) was noticed after 7 days, along with the contemporaneous formation of HT2 in planta, whereas HT2 showed a slower uptake by uninfected plant organs. Untargeted MS-analysis allowed to identify a large spectrum of phase I and phase II metabolites, resulting in 26 T2 and 23 HT2 metabolites plus tentative isomers. A novel masked mycotoxin, 3-acetyl-HT2-glucoside, was reported for the first time in wheat. The in vitro approach confirmed its potential to both investigate the contribution of plant metabolism in the biosynthesis of masked mycotoxins and to foresee the development of biocatalytic tools to develop nature-like mixtures to be used as reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Tania Körber
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Max-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85354, Freising, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Enrico Rolli
- Department of Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 11/a, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Suman
- Barilla G.R. F.lli SpA, Advanced Laboratory Research, via Mantova 166, Parma, Italy
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy.
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Eskola M, Kos G, Elliott CT, Hajšlová J, Mayar S, Krska R. Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited ‘FAO estimate’ of 25%. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2773-2789. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1658570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Eskola
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Gregor Kos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher T. Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sultan Mayar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Hu Z, Dai T, Li L, Liu P, Liu X. Use of GC-MS based metabolic fingerprinting for fast exploration of fungicide modes of action. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:141. [PMID: 31234789 PMCID: PMC6591849 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread occurrence of fungicide resistance in fungal plant pathogens requires the development of new compounds with different mode(s) of action (MOA) to avoid cross resistance. This will require a rapid method to identify MOAs. RESULTS Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolic fingerprinting was used to elucidate the MOAs of fungicides. Botrytis cinerea, an important pathogen of vegetables and flowers, can be inhibited by a wide range of chemical fungicides with different MOAs. A sensitive strain of B. cinerea was exposed to EC50 concentrations of 13 fungicides with different known MOAs and one with unknown MOA. The mycelial extracts were analyzed for their "metabolic fingerprint" using GC-MS. A comparison among the GC-MS vector' profiles of cultures treated with fungicides were performeded. A model based on hierarchical clustering was established which allowed these antifungal compounds to be distinguished and classified coinciding with their MOAs. Thus, metabolic fingerprinting represents a rapid, convenient, and information-rich method for classifying the MOAs of antifungal substances. The biomarkers of fungicide MOAs were also established by an analysis of variance and included succinate for succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and cystathionine for methionine synthesis inhibitors. Using the metabolic model and the common perturbation of metabolites, the new fungicide SYP-14288 was identified as having the same MOA as fluazinam. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive database of the metabolic perturbations of B. cinerea induced by diverse MOA inhibitors and highlights the utility of metabolic fingerprinting for defining MOAs, which will assist in the development and optimization of new fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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GC⁻MS-Based Nontargeted and Targeted Metabolic Profiling Identifies Changes in the Lentinula edodes Mycelial Metabolome under High-Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092330. [PMID: 31083449 PMCID: PMC6539000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the physiological mechanism of the Lentinula edodes (L. edodes) response to high-temperature stress, two strains of L. edodes with different tolerances were tested at different durations of high temperature, and the results showed that there were significant changes in their phenotypes and physiology. To further explore the response mechanism, we established a targeted GC–MS-based metabolomics workflow comprising a standardized experimental setup for growth, treatment and sampling of L. edodes mycelia, and subsequent GC–MS analysis followed by data processing and evaluation of quality control (QC) measures using tailored statistical and bioinformatic tools. This study identified changes in the L. edodes mycelial metabolome following different time treatments at high temperature based on nontargeted metabolites with GC-MS and further adopted targeted metabolomics to verify the results of the analysis. After multiple statistical analyses were carried out using SIMCA software, 74 and 108 differential metabolites were obtained, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the metabolic pathways with significant changes included those related to the following: amino acid metabolism, the glycolysis pathway, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and sugar metabolism. Most amino acids and carbohydrates enriched in these metabolic pathways were upregulated in strain 18, downregulated in strain 18N44, or the synthesis in strain 18 was higher than that in strain 18N44. This result was consistent with the physiological phenotypic characteristics of the two strains under high-temperature stress and revealed the reason why strain 18N44 was more heat-sensitive. At the same time, under high temperature, the decrease of intermediate products in glycolysis and the TCA cycle resulted in carbon starvation and insufficient energy metabolism, thus inhibiting the growth of L. edodes. In addition, the results also showed that the metabolites produced by different L. edodes strains under high-temperature stress were basically the same. However, different strains had species specificity, so the changes in the content of metabolites involved in the response to high-temperature stress were different. This provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of the L. edodes response to high temperature and can be used to establish an evaluation system of high-temperature-resistant strains and lay the foundation for molecular breeding of new L. edodes strains resistant to high temperature.
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Righetti L, Lucini L, Giorni P, Locatelli S, Dall'Asta C, Battilani P. Lipids as Key Markers in Maize Response to Fumonisin Accumulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4064-4070. [PMID: 30888165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present field study offers new insights into the role played by plant lipid pathways in the modulation of fumonisin accumulation in maize. Untargeted metabolomics was applied to better understand the multifactorial plant-pathogen-interaction mechanisms, including host resistance. Our results showed a significant influence from the hybrid genotype and the environmental growing conditions on fumonisin accumulation. A total of 25 significant metabolites have been identified, with glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism as the main pathways affected by the plant-pathogen interactions. This evidence highlighted the crucial role played by lipid signaling as an integrated part of the complex regulatory network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
| | - Paola Giorni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
| | - Sabrina Locatelli
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops , Council for Agricultural Research and Economics , Via Stezzano 24 , 24126 Bergamo , Italy
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
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Gatti M, Choulet F, Macadré C, Guérard F, Seng JM, Langin T, Dufresne M. Identification, Molecular Cloning, and Functional Characterization of a Wheat UDP-Glucosyltransferase Involved in Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and to Mycotoxin Accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1853. [PMID: 30619419 PMCID: PMC6300724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucosyltransferases (UGT) catalyze the glucosylation of xenobiotic, endogenous substrates and phytotoxic agents produced by pathogens such as mycotoxins. The Bradi5g03300 UGT-encoding gene from the model plant Brachypodium distachyon was previously shown to confer tolerance to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) through glucosylation into DON 3-O-glucose (D3G). This gene was shown to be involved in early establishment of quantitative resistance to Fusarium Head Blight, a major disease of small-grain cereals. In the present work, using a translational biology approach, we identified and characterized a wheat candidate gene, Traes_2BS_14CA35D5D, orthologous to Bradi5g03300 on the short arm of chromosome 2B of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We showed that this UGT-encoding gene was highly inducible upon infection by a DON-producing Fusarium graminearum strain while not induced upon infection by a strain unable to produce DON. Transformation of this wheat UGT-encoding gene into B. distachyon revealed its ability to confer FHB resistance and root tolerance to DON as well as to potentially conjugate DON into D3G in planta and its impact on total DON reduction. In conclusion, we provide a UGT-encoding candidate gene to include in selection process for FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gatti
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- Unité Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales INRA, UMR1095, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Macadré
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Florence Guérard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Marc Seng
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- Unité Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales INRA, UMR1095, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Dufresne
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
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Cevallos‐Cevallos JM, Jines C, Maridueña‐Zavala MG, Molina‐Miranda MJ, Ochoa DE, Flores‐Cedeno JA. GC-MS metabolite profiling for specific detection of dwarf somaclonal variation in banana plants. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2018; 6:e01194. [PMID: 30473940 PMCID: PMC6240455 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The production of banana (Musa spp.; Musaceae) plants is affected by various types of somaclonal variations (SV), including dwarfism. However, methods for specific detection of SV are still scarce. To overcome this, a metabolite-based method for detection of dwarf variants was evaluated. METHODS The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolite profile of dwarf banana variants was investigated and compared to that of normal-healthy (N) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected plants using principal components analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). RESULTS Significant differences among the sample groups were observed in 82 metabolites. Rhamnose was exclusively present in dwarf plants but allothreonine and trehalose were present in all but SV samples. Cellobiose was only detected in N plants, while 45 other metabolites, including methyl-glucopyranoside, allopyranose, lactose, phenylalanine, and l-lysine were detected in all but CMV-infected samples. PLS-DA models were able to detect SV, CMV, and N plants with 100% accuracy and specificity. DISCUSSION The GC-MS metabolite profile can be used for the rapid, specific detection of SV at early plant production stages. This is the first metabolite-based characterization and detection of somaclonal variation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Cevallos‐Cevallos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOLCampus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09‐01‐5863GuayaquilEcuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOLCampus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09‐01‐5863GuayaquilEcuador
| | - Cristina Jines
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOLCampus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09‐01‐5863GuayaquilEcuador
| | - María G. Maridueña‐Zavala
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOLCampus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09‐01‐5863GuayaquilEcuador
| | - María J. Molina‐Miranda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOLCampus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09‐01‐5863GuayaquilEcuador
| | - Daniel E. Ochoa
- Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica y ComputaciónEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOLCampus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09‐01‐5863GuayaquilEcuador
| | - José A. Flores‐Cedeno
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOLCampus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09‐01‐5863GuayaquilEcuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOLCampus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09‐01‐5863GuayaquilEcuador
- Present address:
Facultad de FarmaciaDepartamento de Biología VegetalUniversidad de Valencia46100ValenciaSpain
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Wu S, Liu Y, Duan Y, Wang F, Guo F, Yan F, Yang X, Yang X. Intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol is limited by supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum JM113 and consequentially altered gut microbiota in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:74. [PMID: 30338065 PMCID: PMC6174567 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited research has focused on the effect of Lactobacillus on the intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON). The present study was conducted to investigate the role of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) JM113 in protecting against the intestinal toxicity caused by DON. Methods A total of 144 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into 3 treatments, including the CON (basal diet), the DON (extra 10 mg/kg deoxynivalenol), and the DL (extra 1 × 109 CFU/ kg L. plantarum JM113 based on DON group) treatments. The growth performance, organ indexes, intestinal morphology, pancreatic digestive enzymes, intestinal secreted immunoglobulin A (sIgA), jejunal transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated. Results Compared with the CON and DL groups, the DON supplementation altered intestinal morphology, especially in duodenum and jejunum, where villi were shorter and crypts were deeper (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the significantly decreased mRNA expression of jejunal claudin-1 and occludin (P < 0.05), ileal rBAT and jejunal GLUT1 of 21-day-old broilers (P < 0.05), as well as duodenal PepT1 and ileal rBAT of 42-day-old broilers were identified in the DON group. Moreover, supplementation with L. plantarum JM113 could increase duodenal expression of IL-10 and IL-12 of 21-day-old broilers, ileal sIgA of 42-day-old broilers, and the bursa of Fabricius index of 21-day-old broilers. Further jejunal transcriptome proved that the genes related to the intestinal absorption and metabolism were significantly reduced in the DON group but a significant increase when supplemented with extra L. plantarum JM113. Furthermore, the bacteria related to nutrient utilization, including the Proteobacteria, Escherichia, Cc-115 (P < 0.05), Lactobacillus and Prevotella (P < 0.1) were all decreased in the DON group. By contrast, supplementation with L. plantarum JM113 increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium, including the Bacteroidetes, Roseburia, Anaerofustis, Anaerostipe, and Ruminococcus bromii (P < 0.05). Specifically, the increased abundance of bacteria in the DL group could be proved by the significantly increased caecal content of propionic acid, n-Butyric acid, and total short-chain fatty acid. Conclusions L. plantarum JM113 enhanced the digestion, absorption, and metabolic functions of the gut when challenged with DON by reducing the injury to intestinal barriers and by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterium. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0286-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Wu
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China.,2College of animal science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Yanli Liu
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yongle Duan
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Fang Yan
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Yang
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
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Garcia-Cela E, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Magan N, Medina A. The ``-omics’’ contributions to the understanding of mycotoxin production under diverse environmental conditions. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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NMR-based global metabolomics approach to decipher the metabolic effects of three plant growth regulators on strawberry maturation. Food Chem 2018; 269:559-566. [PMID: 30100473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly used to regulate maturation in strawberry. Despite this, comprehensive assessments of the metabolomic effects of PGRs on strawberry maturation are lacking. In this study, a nuclear magnetic resonance-based approach, combined with multivariate and pathway analysis, was used to evaluate the regulatory effects of gibberellin, forchlorfenuron, and brassinolide, applied at two different maturation stages, on the expression of metabolites in strawberry. The results demonstrated that the PGRs differentially influenced metabolism, whether applied at the same or different maturation stages. Additionally, we also discovered that these different PGRs exhibited some similar metabolic trends when applied at the same growth period. Our findings validate the use of NMR-based metabolomics for identifying subtle changes in the expression of metabolites associated with PGR application.
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Kazan K, Gardiner DM. Transcriptomics of cereal-Fusarium graminearum interactions: what we have learned so far. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:764-778. [PMID: 28411402 PMCID: PMC6638174 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum causes the globally important Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease on cereal hosts, such as wheat and barley. In addition to reducing grain yield, infection by this pathogen causes major quality losses. In particular, the contamination of food and feed with the F. graminearum trichothecene toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can have many adverse short- and long-term effects on human and animal health. During the last decade, the interaction between F. graminearum and both cereal and model hosts has been extensively studied through transcriptomic analyses. In this review, we present an overview of how such analyses have advanced our understanding of this economically important plant-microbe interaction. From a host point of view, the transcriptomes of FHB-resistant and FHB-susceptible cereal genotypes, including near-isogenic lines (NILs) that differ by the presence or absence of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), have been studied to understand the mechanisms of disease resistance afforded by such QTLs. Transcriptomic analyses employed to dissect host responses to DON have facilitated the identification of the genes involved in toxin detoxification and disease resistance. From the pathogen point of view, the transcriptome of F. graminearum during pathogenic vs. saprophytic growth, or when infecting different cereal hosts or different tissues of the same host, have been studied. In addition, comparative transcriptomic analyses of F. graminearum knock-out mutants with altered virulence have provided new insights into pathogenicity-related processes. The F. graminearum transcriptomic data generated over the years are now being exploited to build a systems level understanding of the biology of this pathogen, with an ultimate aim of developing effective and sustainable disease prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kazan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt. LuciaQld4067Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation (QAAFI)University of Queensland, Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt. LuciaQld4067Australia
| | - Donald M. Gardiner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt. LuciaQld4067Australia
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Downy mildew symptoms on grapevines can be reduced by volatile organic compounds of resistant genotypes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1618. [PMID: 29374187 PMCID: PMC5786018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a crucial role in the communication of plants with other organisms and are possible mediators of plant defence against phytopathogens. Although the role of non-volatile secondary metabolites has been largely characterised in resistant genotypes, the contribution of VOCs to grapevine defence mechanisms against downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola) has not yet been investigated. In this study, more than 50 VOCs from grapevine leaves were annotated/identified by headspace-solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Following P. viticola inoculation, the abundance of most of these VOCs was higher in resistant (BC4, Kober 5BB, SO4 and Solaris) than in susceptible (Pinot noir) genotypes. The post-inoculation mechanism included the accumulation of 2-ethylfuran, 2-phenylethanol, β-caryophyllene, β-cyclocitral, β-selinene and trans-2-pentenal, which all demonstrated inhibitory activities against downy mildew infections in water suspensions. Moreover, the development of downy mildew symptoms was reduced on leaf disks of susceptible grapevines exposed to air treated with 2-ethylfuran, 2-phenylethanol, β-cyclocitral or trans-2-pentenal, indicating the efficacy of these VOCs against P. viticola in receiver plant tissues. Our data suggest that VOCs contribute to the defence mechanisms of resistant grapevines and that they may inhibit the development of downy mildew symptoms on both emitting and receiving tissues.
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Pang Q, Zhang T, Wang Y, Kong W, Guan Q, Yan X, Chen S. Metabolomics of Early Stage Plant Cell-Microbe Interaction Using Stable Isotope Labeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:760. [PMID: 29922325 PMCID: PMC5996122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has been used in unraveling metabolites that play essential roles in plant-microbe (including pathogen) interactions. However, the problem of profiling a plant metabolome with potential contaminating metabolites from the coexisting microbes has been largely ignored. To address this problem, we implemented an effective stable isotope labeling approach, where the metabolome of a plant bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 was labeled with heavy isotopes. The labeled bacterial cells were incubated with Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal peels (EPs) with guard cells, and excessive bacterial cells were subsequently removed from the plant tissues by washing. The plant metabolites were characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using multiple reactions monitoring, which can differentiate plant and bacterial metabolites. Targeted metabolomic analysis suggested that Pst DC3000 infection may modulate stomatal movement by reprograming plant signaling and primary metabolic pathways. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the utility of this strategy in differentiation of the plant and microbe metabolomes, and it has broad applications in studying metabolic interactions between microbes and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Qijie Guan
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiufeng Yan, Sixue Chen,
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiufeng Yan, Sixue Chen,
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Time-Related Changes in Volatile Compounds during Fermentation of Bulk and Fine-Flavor Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Beans. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1758381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chocolate is one of the most consumed foods worldwide and cacao fermentation contributes to the unique sensory characteristics of chocolate products. However, comparative changes in volatiles occurring during fermentation of Criollo, Forastero, and Nacional cacao—three of the most representative cultivars worldwide—have not been reported. Beans of each cultivar were fermented for five days and samples were taken every 24 hours. Volatiles from each sample were adsorbed into a solid phase microextraction fiber and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aroma potential of each compound was determined using available databases. Multivariate data analyses showed partial clustering of samples according to cultivars at the start of the fermentation but complete clustering was observed at the end of the fermentation. The Criollo cacao produced floral, fruity, and woody aroma volatiles including linalool, epoxylinalool, benzeneethanol, pentanol acetate, germacrene, α-copaene, aromadendrene, 3,6-heptanedione, butanal, 1-phenyl ethenone, 2-nonanone, and 2-pentanone. Nacional cacao produced fruity, green, and woody aroma volatiles including 2-nonanone, 3-octen-1-ol, 2-octanol acetate, 2-undecanone, valencene, and aromadendrene. The Forastero cacao yielded floral and sweet aroma volatiles such as epoxylinalool, pentanoic acid, benzeneacetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. This is the first report of volatiles produced during fermentation of Criollo, Forastero, and Nacional cacao from the same origin.
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