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Akyol S, Ashrafi N, Yilmaz A, Turkoglu O, Graham SF. Metabolomics: An Emerging "Omics" Platform for Systems Biology and Its Implications for Huntington Disease Research. Metabolites 2023; 13:1203. [PMID: 38132886 PMCID: PMC10744751 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The precise mechanisms of HD progression are poorly understood; however, it is known that there is an expansion of the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Important new strategies are of paramount importance to identify early biomarkers with predictive value for intervening in disease progression at a stage when cellular dysfunction has not progressed irreversibly. Metabolomics is the study of global metabolite profiles in a system (cell, tissue, or organism) under certain conditions and is becoming an essential tool for the systemic characterization of metabolites to provide a snapshot of the functional and pathophysiological states of an organism and support disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. This review briefly highlights the historical progress of metabolomic methodologies, followed by a more detailed review of the use of metabolomics in HD research to enable a greater understanding of the pathogenesis, its early prediction, and finally the main technical platforms in the field of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyya Akyol
- NX Prenatal Inc., 4350 Brownsboro Road, Louisville KY 40207, USA;
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
- Metabolomics Division, Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Onur Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
| | - Stewart F. Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
- Metabolomics Division, Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
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Jackson MI, Jewell DE. Feeding of fish oil and medium-chain triglycerides to canines impacts circulating structural and energetic lipids, endocannabinoids, and non-lipid metabolite profiles. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1168703. [PMID: 37691632 PMCID: PMC10484482 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1168703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effect of medium-chain fatty acid-containing triglycerides (MCT), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing triglycerides from fish oil (FO), and their combination (FO+MCT) on the serum metabolome of dogs (Canis familiaris) was evaluated. Methods Dogs (N = 64) were randomized to either a control food, one with 7% MCT, one with FO (0.18% eicosapentaenoate and 1.3% docosahexaenoate), or one with FO+MCT for 28 days following a 14-day washout period on the control food. Serum metabolites were analyzed via chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. Results Additive effects of serum metabolites were observed for a number of metabolite classes, including fatty acids, phospholipids, acylated amines including endocannabinoids, alpha-oxidized fatty acids, and methyl donors. Some effects of the addition of FO+MCT were different when the oils were combined compared with when each oil was fed separately, namely for acylcarnitines, omega-oxidized dicarboxylic acids, and amino acids. Several potentially beneficial effects on health were observed, including decreased circulating triglycerides and total cholesterol with the addition of FO (with or without MCT) and decreases in N-acyl taurines with the addition of MCT, FO, or FO+MCT. Discussion Overall, the results of this study provide a phenotypic characterization of the serum lipidomic response to dietary supplementation of long-chain n3-polyunsaturated and medium-chain saturated fats in canines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I. Jackson
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Dennis E. Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Hotea I, Sirbu C, Plotuna AM, Tîrziu E, Badea C, Berbecea A, Dragomirescu M, Radulov I. Integrating (Nutri-)Metabolomics into the One Health Tendency-The Key for Personalized Medicine Advancement. Metabolites 2023; 13:800. [PMID: 37512507 PMCID: PMC10384896 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is an advanced technology, still under development, with multiple research applications, especially in the field of health. Individual metabolic profiles, the functionality of the body, as well as its interaction with the environment, can be established using this technology. The body's response to various external factors, including the food consumed and the nutrients it contains, has increased researchers' interest in nutrimetabolomics. Establishing correlations between diet and the occurrence of various diseases, or even the development of personalized nutrition plans, could contribute to advances in precision medicine. The interdependence between humans, animals, and the environment is of particular importance today, with the dramatic emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases, food, water and soil contamination, and the degradation of resources and habitats. All these events have led to an increase in risk factors for functional diseases, burdening global health. Thus, this study aimed to highlight the importance of metabolomics, and, in particular, nutrimetabolomics, as a technical solution for a holistic, collaborative, and precise approach for the advancement of the One Health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Hotea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Sirbu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Plotuna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emil Tîrziu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Badea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Berbecea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Dragomirescu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
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Allaway D, Alexander JE, Carvell-Miller LJ, Reynolds RM, Winder CL, Weber RJM, Lloyd GR, Southam AD, Dunn WB. Suitability of Dried Blood Spots for Accelerating Veterinary Biobank Collections and Identifying Metabolomics Biomarkers With Minimal Resources. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:887163. [PMID: 35812865 PMCID: PMC9258959 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.887163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery using biobank samples collected from veterinary clinics would deliver insights into the diverse population of pets and accelerate diagnostic development. The acquisition, preparation, processing, and storage of biofluid samples in sufficient volumes and at a quality suitable for later analysis with most suitable discovery methods remain challenging. Metabolomics analysis is a valuable approach to detect health/disease phenotypes. Pre-processing changes during preparation of plasma/serum samples may induce variability that may be overcome using dried blood spots (DBSs). We report a proof of principle study by metabolite fingerprinting applying UHPLC-MS of plasma and DBSs acquired from healthy adult dogs and cats (age range 1–9 years), representing each of 4 dog breeds (Labrador retriever, Beagle, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen, and Norfolk terrier) and the British domestic shorthair cat (n = 10 per group). Blood samples (20 and 40 μL) for DBSs were loaded onto filter paper, air-dried at room temperature (3 h), and sealed and stored (4°C for ~72 h) prior to storage at −80°C. Plasma from the same blood draw (250 μL) was prepared and stored at −80°C within 1 h of sampling. Metabolite fingerprinting of the DBSs and plasma produced similar numbers of metabolite features that had similar abilities to discriminate between biological classes and correctly assign blinded samples. These provide evidence that DBSs, sampled in a manner amenable to application in in-clinic/in-field processing, are a suitable sample for biomarker discovery using UHPLC-MS metabolomics. Further, given appropriate owner consent, the volumes tested (20–40 μL) make the acquisition of remnant blood from blood samples drawn for other reasons available for biobanking and other research activities. Together, this makes possible large-scale biobanking of veterinary samples, gaining sufficient material sooner and enabling quicker identification of biomarkers of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allaway
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: David Allaway
| | - Janet E. Alexander
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Carvell-Miller
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon M. Reynolds
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L. Winder
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf J. M. Weber
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin R. Lloyd
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Southam
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Warwick B. Dunn
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Wilshaw J, Boswood A, Chang YM, Sands CJ, Camuzeaux S, Lewis MR, Xia D, Connolly DJ. Evidence of altered fatty acid metabolism in dogs with naturally occurring valvular heart disease and congestive heart failure. Metabolomics 2022; 18:34. [PMID: 35635592 PMCID: PMC9151558 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiac condition in adult dogs. The disease progresses over several years and affected dogs may develop congestive heart failure (HF). Research has shown that myocardial metabolism is altered in cardiac disease, leading to a reduction in β-oxidation of fatty acids and an increased dependence upon glycolysis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate whether a shift in substrate use occurs in canine patients with MMVD; a naturally occurring model of human disease. METHODS Client-owned dogs were longitudinally evaluated at a research clinic in London, UK and paired serum samples were selected from visits when patients were in ACVIM stage B1: asymptomatic disease without cardiomegaly, and stage C: HF. Samples were processed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and lipid profiles were compared using mixed effects models with false discovery rate adjustment. The effect of disease stage was evaluated with patient breed entered as a confounder. Features that significantly differed were screened for selection for annotation efforts using reference databases. RESULTS Dogs in HF had altered concentrations of lipid species belonging to several classes previously associated with cardiovascular disease. Concentrations of certain acylcarnitines, phospholipids and sphingomyelins were increased after individuals had developed HF, whilst some ceramides and lysophosphatidylcholines decreased. CONCLUSIONS The canine metabolome appears to change as MMVD progresses. Findings from this study suggest that in HF myocardial metabolism may be characterised by reduced β-oxidation. This proposed explanation warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wilshaw
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, United Kingdom.
| | - A Boswood
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y M Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C J Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Camuzeaux
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Xia
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D J Connolly
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, United Kingdom
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Puurunen J, Ottka C, Salonen M, Niskanen JE, Lohi H. Age, breed, sex and diet influence serum metabolite profiles of 2000 pet dogs. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 35223061 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fj6q573w5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As an individual's metabolism reflects health and disease states well, metabolomics holds a vast potential in biomedical applications. However, normal physiological factors, such as age, can also influence metabolism, challenging the establishment of disease-specific metabolic aberrations. Here, we examined how physiological and diet-related factors drive variance in the metabolism of healthy pet dogs. We analysed 2068 serum samples using a canine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics platform. With generalized linear models, we discovered that age, breed, sex, sterilization, diet type and fasting time significantly affected the canine metabolite profiles. Especially, breed and age caused considerable variation in the metabolite concentrations, and breeds with very different body conformations systematically differed in several lipid measurands. Our results enhance the understanding how normal physiological factors influence canine metabolism, aid accurate interpretation of the NMR results, and suggest the NMR platform might be applied in identifying aberrations in nutrient absorption and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Puurunen
- PetBiomics Ltd, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Ottka
- PetBiomics Ltd, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Salonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia E Niskanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- PetBiomics Ltd, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Puurunen J, Ottka C, Salonen M, Niskanen JE, Lohi H. Age, breed, sex and diet influence serum metabolite profiles of 2000 pet dogs. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211642. [PMID: 35223061 PMCID: PMC8847897 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an individual's metabolism reflects health and disease states well, metabolomics holds a vast potential in biomedical applications. However, normal physiological factors, such as age, can also influence metabolism, challenging the establishment of disease-specific metabolic aberrations. Here, we examined how physiological and diet-related factors drive variance in the metabolism of healthy pet dogs. We analysed 2068 serum samples using a canine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics platform. With generalized linear models, we discovered that age, breed, sex, sterilization, diet type and fasting time significantly affected the canine metabolite profiles. Especially, breed and age caused considerable variation in the metabolite concentrations, and breeds with very different body conformations systematically differed in several lipid measurands. Our results enhance the understanding how normal physiological factors influence canine metabolism, aid accurate interpretation of the NMR results, and suggest the NMR platform might be applied in identifying aberrations in nutrient absorption and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Puurunen
- PetBiomics Ltd, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Ottka
- PetBiomics Ltd, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Salonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia E. Niskanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- PetBiomics Ltd, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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O'Kell AL, Wasserfall C, Guingab-Cagmat J, Webb-Roberston BJM, Atkinson MA, Garrett TJ. Targeted metabolomic analysis identifies increased serum levels of GABA and branched chain amino acids in canine diabetes. Metabolomics 2021; 17:100. [PMID: 34775536 PMCID: PMC8693811 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus represent a potential model for human type 1 diabetes, yet significant knowledge voids exist in terms of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the canine disorder. Untargeted metabolomic studies from a limited number of diabetic dogs identified similarities to humans with the disease. OBJECTIVE To expand and validate earlier metabolomic studies, identify metabolites that differ consistently between diabetic and healthy dogs, and address whether certain metabolites might serve as disease biomarkers. METHODS Untargeted metabolomic analysis via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on serum from diabetic (n = 15) and control (n = 15) dogs. Results were combined with those of our previously published studies using identical methods (12 diabetic and 12 control dogs) to identify metabolites consistently different between the groups in all 54 dogs. Thirty-two candidate biomarkers were quantified using targeted metabolomics. Biomarker concentrations were compared between the groups using multiple linear regression (corrected P < 0.0051 considered significant). RESULTS Untargeted metabolomics identified multiple persistent differences in serum metabolites in diabetic dogs compared with previous studies. Targeted metabolomics showed increases in gamma amino butyric acid, valine, leucine, isoleucine, citramalate, and 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid in diabetic versus control dogs while indoxyl sulfate, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, kynurenine, anthranilic acid, tyrosine, glutamine, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were decreased. CONCLUSION Several of these findings parallel metabolomic studies in both human diabetes and other animal models of this disease. Given recent studies on the role of GABA and branched chain amino acids in human diabetes, the increase in serum concentrations in canine diabetes warrants further study of these metabolites as potential biomarkers, and to identify similarity in mechanisms underlying this disease in humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L O'Kell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Box 100116, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joy Guingab-Cagmat
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Roberston
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Metabolomics shows the Australian dingo has a unique plasma profile. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5245. [PMID: 33664285 PMCID: PMC7933249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dingoes occupy a wide range of the Australian mainland and play a crucial role as an apex predator with a generalist omnivorous feeding behaviour. Dingoes are ecologically, phenotypically and behaviourally distinct from modern breed dogs and have not undergone artificial selection since their arrival in Australia. In contrast, humans have selected breed dogs for novel and desirable traits. First, we examine whether the distinct evolutionary histories of dingoes and domestic dogs has lead to differences in plasma metabolomes. We study metabolite composition differences between dingoes (n = 15) and two domestic dog breeds (Basenji n = 9 and German Shepherd Dog (GSD) n = 10). Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, type II and type III ANOVA with post-hoc tests and adjustments for multiple comparisons were used for data evaluation. After accounting for within group variation, 62 significant metabolite differences were detected between dingoes and domestic dogs, with the majority of differences in protein (n = 14) and lipid metabolites (n = 12), mostly lower in dingoes. Most differences were observed between dingoes and domestic dogs and fewest between the domestic dog breeds. Next, we collect a second set of data to investigate variation between pure dingoes (n = 10) and dingo-dog hybrids (n = 10) as hybridisation is common in regional Australia. We detected no significant metabolite differences between dingoes and dingo-dog hybrids after Bonferroni correction. However, power analysis showed that increasing the sample size to 15 could result in differences in uridine 5′-diphosphogalactose (UDPgal) levels related to galactose metabolism. We suggest this may be linked to an increase in Amylase 2B copy number in hybrids. Our study illustrates that the dingo metabolome is significantly different from domestic dog breeds and hybridisation is likely to influence carbohydrate metabolism.
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Hoffman JM, Kiklevich JV, Klavins K, Valencak TG, Austad SN. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism With Age and Weight in Companion Dogs. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:400-405. [PMID: 32750116 PMCID: PMC7907484 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The companion dog has recently been promoted as powerful translational model of aging. However, while dogs share environments with their human owners and develop many of the same age-related morbidities, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that drive their health and longevity. In addition, dogs have a well described phenotypic pattern in which small dogs live significantly longer than large dogs, such that weight can be used as a crude proxy for longevity. To investigate this pattern, we completed a small lipidomics study on 41 dogs in the Birmingham, Alabama, United States, area to determine individual circulating lipids that were associated with age and body weight. We discovered that sphingomyelins were significantly higher in large, short-lived dogs, independent of age, and triglycerides were higher in older dogs of all sizes. Our results point towards physiological differences that may explain a portion of the variation in longevity seen in companion dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa G Valencak
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Beaufrère H, Gardhouse SM, Wood RD, Stark KD. The plasma lipidome of the Quaker parrot (Myiopsitta monachus). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240449. [PMID: 33259543 PMCID: PMC7707497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemias and lipid-accumulation disorders are common in captive parrots, in particular in Quaker parrots. Currently available diagnostic tests only measure a fraction of blood lipids and have overall problematic cross-species applicability. Comprehensively analyzing lipids in the plasma of parrots is the first step to better understand their lipid metabolism in health and disease, as well as to explore new lipid biomarkers. The plasma lipidome of 12 Quaker parrots was investigated using UHPLC-MS/MS with both targeted and untargeted methods. Targeted methods on 6 replicates measured 432 lipids comprised of sterol, cholesterol ester, bile acid, fatty acid, acylcarnitine, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and sphingolipid panels. For untargeted lipidomics, precursor ion mass-to-charge ratios were matched to corresponding lipids using the LIPIDMAPS structure database and LipidBlast at the sum composition or acyl species level of information. Sterol lipids and glycerophospholipids constituted the majority of plasma lipids on a molar basis. The most common lipids detected with the targeted methods included free cholesterol, CE(18:2), CE(20:4) for sterol lipids; PC(36:2), PC(34:2), PC(34:1) for glycerophospholipids; TG(52:3), TG(54:4), TG(54:5), TG(52:2) for glycerolipids; SM(d18:1/16:0) for sphingolipids; and palmitic acid for fatty acyls. Over a thousand different lipid species were detected by untargeted lipidomics. Sex differences in the plasma lipidome were observed using heatmaps, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis. This report presents the first comprehensive database of plasma lipid species in psittacine birds and paves the way for further research into blood lipid diagnostics and the impact of diet, diseases, and drugs on the parrot plasma lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara M. Gardhouse
- Health Sciences Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken D. Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Willis ND, Lloyd AJ, Xie L, Stiegler M, Tailliart K, Garcia-Perez I, Chambers ES, Beckmann M, Draper J, Mathers JC. Design and Characterisation of a Randomized Food Intervention That Mimics Exposure to a Typical UK Diet to Provide Urine Samples for Identification and Validation of Metabolite Biomarkers of Food Intake. Front Nutr 2020; 7:561010. [PMID: 33195362 PMCID: PMC7609501 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.561010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor dietary choices are major risk factors for obesity and non-communicable diseases, which places an increasing burden on healthcare systems worldwide. To monitor the effectiveness of healthy eating guidelines and strategies, there is a need for objective measures of dietary intake in community settings. Metabolites derived from specific foods present in urine samples can provide objective biomarkers of food intake (BFIs). Whilst the majority of biomarker discovery/validation studies have investigated potential biomarkers for single foods only, this study considered the whole diet by using menus that delivered a wide range of foods in meals that emulated conventional UK eating patterns. Fifty-one healthy participants (range 19-77 years; 57% female) followed a uniquely designed, randomized controlled dietary intervention, and provided spot urine samples suitable for discovery of BFIs within a real-world context. Free-living participants prepared and consumed all foods and drinks in their own homes and were asked to follow the protocols for meal consumption and home urine sample collection. This study also assessed the robustness, and impact on data quality, of a minimally invasive urine collection protocol. Overall the study design was well-accepted by participants and concluded successfully without any drop outs. Compliance for urine collection, adherence to menu plans, and observance of recommended meal timings, was shown to be very high. Metabolome analysis using mass spectrometry coupled with data mining demonstrated that the study protocol was well-suited for BFI discovery and validation. Novel, putative biomarkers for an extended range of foods were identified including legumes, curry, strongly-heated products, and artificially sweetened, low calorie beverages. In conclusion, aspects of this study design would help to overcome several current challenges in the development of BFI technology. One specific attribute was the examination of BFI generalizability across related food groups and across different preparations and cooking methods of foods. Furthermore, the collection of urine samples at multiple time points helped to determine which spot sample was optimal for identification and validation of BFIs in free-living individuals. A further valuable design feature centered on the comprehensiveness of the menu design which allowed the testing of biomarker specificity within a biobank of urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi D. Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Long Xie
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Stiegler
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Tailliart
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward S. Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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13
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Beckmann M, Wilson T, Zubair H, Lloyd AJ, Lyons L, Phillips H, Tailliart K, Gregory N, Thatcher R, Garcia-Perez I, Frost G, Mathers JM, Draper J. A Standardized Strategy for Simultaneous Quantification of Urine Metabolites to Validate Development of a Biomarker Panel Allowing Comprehensive Assessment of Dietary Exposure. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000517. [PMID: 32926540 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolites derived from individual foods found in human biofluids after consumption could provide objective measures of dietary intake. For comprehensive dietary assessment, quantification methods would need to manage the structurally diverse mixture of target metabolites present at wide concentration ranges. METHODS AND RESULTS A strategy for selection of candidate dietary exposure biomarkers is developed. An analytical method for 62 food biomarkers is validated by extensive analysis of chromatographic and ionization behavior characteristics using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Urine samples from two food intervention studies are used: a controlled, inpatient study (n = 19) and a free-living study where individuals (n = 15) are provided with food as a series of menu plans. As proof-of-principle, it is demonstrated that the biomarker panel could discriminate between menu plans by detecting distinctive changes in the concentration in urine of targeted metabolites. Quantitative relationships between four biomarker concentrations in urine and dietary intake are shown. CONCLUSION Design concepts for an analytical strategy are demonstrated, allowing simultaneous quantification of a comprehensive panel of chemically-diverse biomarkers of a wide range of commonly-consumed foods. It is proposed that integration of self-reported dietary recording tools with biomarker approaches will provide more robust assessment of dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Thomas Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Hassan Zubair
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Amanda J Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Laura Lyons
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Helen Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Kathleen Tailliart
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Nicholas Gregory
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Rhys Thatcher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - John M Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
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14
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Turunen S, Puurunen J, Auriola S, Kullaa AM, Kärkkäinen O, Lohi H, Hanhineva K. Metabolome of canine and human saliva: a non-targeted metabolomics study. Metabolomics 2020; 16:90. [PMID: 32840693 PMCID: PMC7447669 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saliva metabolites are suggested to reflect the health status of an individual in humans. The same could be true with the dog (Canis lupus familiaris), an important animal model of human disease, but its saliva metabolome is unknown. As a non-invasive sample, canine saliva could offer a new alternative material for research to reveal molecular mechanisms of different (patho)physiological stages, and for veterinary medicine to monitor dogs' health trajectories. OBJECTIVES To investigate and characterize the metabolite composition of dog and human saliva in a non-targeted manner. METHODS Stimulated saliva was collected from 13 privately-owned dogs and from 14 human individuals. We used a non-targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) method to measure metabolite profiles from saliva samples. RESULTS We identified and classified a total of 211 endogenous and exogenous salivary metabolites. The compounds included amino acids, amino acid derivatives, biogenic amines, nucleic acid subunits, lipids, organic acids, small peptides as well as other metabolites, like metabolic waste molecules and other chemicals. Our results reveal a distinct metabolite profile of dog and human saliva as 25 lipid compounds were identified only in canine saliva and eight dipeptides only in human saliva. In addition, we observed large variation in ion abundance within and between the identified saliva metabolites in dog and human. CONCLUSION The results suggest that non-targeted metabolomics approach utilizing UHPLC-qTOF-MS can detect a wide range of small compounds in dog and human saliva with partially overlapping metabolite composition. The identified metabolites indicate that canine saliva is potentially a versatile material for the discovery of biomarkers for dog welfare. However, this profile is not complete, and dog saliva needs to be investigated in the future with other analytical platforms to characterize the whole canine saliva metabolome. Furthermore, the detailed comparison of human and dog saliva composition needs to be conducted with harmonized study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soile Turunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jenni Puurunen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canis lupus familiaris is a domestic dog and many owners consider their pets as a family member. Medical bills with dogs are overcame only by the health care received by humans. Medical care is constantly progressing, and so is veterinary care. Metabolomics is the ''omic" technique aimed to the study of metabolome, low-molecular weight molecules, through biofluids or tissue samples. And it also allows to evaluate disease diagnosis and prognosis, therapeutic evaluation and toxicological studies. OBJECTIVES The goal of this paper is to review the current and potential applications of metabolomics in domestic dogs. METHOD ScienceDirect, Scopus, Reaxys and PubMed were searched for papers that performed canine metabolomics in any research area. RESULTS We analysed 38 papers, published until April 2019 in canine metabolomics approach. Metabolomic research in dogs so far can be divided into three areas: (a) Metabolomics studies in veterinary science, such as improving pet dogs health and welfare. (b) Diet, breeds and species discrimination. (c) Use of dogs as animal model in different diseases and drug development (evaluation toxicity and effect). CONCLUSIONS The results of this review showed that interest in metabolomics is growing in veterinary research. Several canine diseases have been evaluated with some promise for potential biomarker and/or disease mechanism discovery. Because canine metabolomics is a relatively new area, the researches spread across different research areas and with few studies in each area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Carlos
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Eduardo Fröehlich
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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16
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Boretti FS, Burla B, Deuel J, Gao L, Wenk MR, Liesegang A, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NS. Serum lipidome analysis of healthy beagle dogs receiving different diets. Metabolomics 2019; 16:1. [PMID: 31797205 PMCID: PMC6890591 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food and dietary ingredients have significant effects on metabolism and health. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether and how different diets affected the serum lipidomic profile of dogs. METHODS Sixteen healthy beagles were fed a commercial dry diet for 3 months (control diet). After an overnight fasting period, a blood sample was taken for serum lipidomic profile analysis, and each dog was then randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 was fed a commercial diet (Diet 1) and group 2 was fed a self-made, balanced diet supplemented with linseed oil and salmon oil (Diet 2) for 3 months. After an overnight fasting period, a blood sample was taken from each dog. Serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol analyses were performed and the serum lipidomic profiles were analyzed using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Dogs fed the supplemented self-made diet (Diet 2) had significantly higher omega-3 fatty acid-containing lipids species and significantly lower saturated and mono- and di-unsaturated lipid species. Concentrations of sphingosine 1-phosphate species S1P d16:1 and S1P d17:1 were significantly increased after feeding Diet 2. CONCLUSION This study found that different diets had significant effects on the dog's serum lipidomic profile. Therefore, in studies that include lipidomic analyses, diet should be included as a confounding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas S Boretti
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Deuel
- Divison of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liang Gao
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nadja S Sieber-Ruckstuhl
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Soh PXY, Marin Cely JM, Mortlock SA, Jara CJ, Booth R, Natera S, Roessner U, Crossett B, Cordwell S, Singh Khatkar M, Williamson P. Genome-wide association studies of 74 plasma metabolites of German shepherd dogs reveal two metabolites associated with genes encoding their enzymes. Metabolomics 2019; 15:123. [PMID: 31493001 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION German shepherd dogs (GSDs) are a popular breed affected by numerous disorders. Few studies have explored genetic variations that influence canine blood metabolite levels. OBJECTIVES To investigate genetic variants affecting the natural metabolite variation in GSDs. METHODS A total of 82 healthy GSDs were genotyped on the Illumina CanineHD Beadchip, assaying 173,650 markers. For each dog, 74 metabolites were measured through liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS) and were used as phenotypes for genome-wide association analyses (GWAS). Sliding window and homozygosity analyses were conducted to fine-map regions of interest, and to identify haplotypes and gene dosage effects. RESULTS Summary statistics for 74 metabolites in this population of GSDs are reported. Forty-one metabolites had significant associations at a false discovery rate of 0.05. Two associations were located around genes which encode for enzymes for the relevant metabolites: 4-hydroxyproline was significantly associated to D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), and threonine to L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (LOC477365). Three of the top ten haplotypes associated to 4-hydroxyproline included at least one SNP on DAO. These haplotypes occurred only in dogs with the highest 15 measurements of 4-hydroxyproline, ranging in frequency from 16.67 to 20%. None of the dogs were homozygous for these haplotypes. The top two haplotypes associated to threonine included SNPs on LOC477365 and were also overrepresented in dogs with the highest 15 measurements of threonine. These haplotypes occurred at a frequency of 90%, with 80% of these dogs homozygous for the haplotypes. In dogs with the lowest 15 measurements of threonine, the haplotypes occurred at a frequency of 26.67% and 0% homozygosity. CONCLUSION DAO and LOC477365 were identified as candidate genes affecting the natural plasma concentration of 4-hydroxyproline and threonine, respectively. Further investigations are needed to validate the effects of the variants on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Xing Yi Soh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliana Maria Marin Cely
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally-Anne Mortlock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher James Jara
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Booth
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siria Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mehar Singh Khatkar
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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18
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Lloyd AJ, Willis ND, Wilson T, Zubair H, Chambers E, Garcia-Perez I, Xie L, Tailliart K, Beckmann M, Mathers JC, Draper J. Addressing the pitfalls when designing intervention studies to discover and validate biomarkers of habitual dietary intake. Metabolomics 2019; 15:72. [PMID: 31049735 PMCID: PMC6497620 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary exposure monitoring within populations is reliant on self-reported measures such as Food Frequency Questionnaires and diet diaries. These methods often contain inaccurate information due to participant misreporting, non-compliance and bias. Urinary metabolites derived from individual foods could provide additional objective indicators of dietary exposure. For biomarker approaches to have utility it is essential that they cover a wide-range of commonly consumed foods and the methodology works in a real-world environment. OBJECTIVES To test that the methodology works in a real-world environment and to consider the impact of the major sources of likely variance; particularly complex meals, different food formulations, processing and cooking methods, as well as the dynamics of biomarker duration in the body. METHODS We designed and tested a dietary exposure biomarker discovery and validation strategy based on a food intervention study involving free-living individuals preparing meals and collecting urine samples at home. Two experimental periods were built around three consecutive day menu plans where all foods and drinks were provided (n = 15 and n = 36). RESULTS The experimental design was validated by confirming known consumption biomarkers in urinary samples after the first menu plan. We tested biomarker performance with different food formulations and processing methods involving meat, wholegrain, fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that spot urine samples, together with robust dietary biomarkers, despite major sources of variance, could be used successfully for dietary exposure monitoring in large epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - N D Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - T Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - H Zubair
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - E Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - I Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - L Xie
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - K Tailliart
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - M Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - J C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - J Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK.
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19
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Changes in the Canine Plasma Lipidome after Short- and Long-Term Excess Glucocorticoid Exposure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6015. [PMID: 30979907 PMCID: PMC6461633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical regulators of metabolic control in mammals and their aberrant function has been linked to several pathologies. GCs are widely used in human and veterinary clinical practice as potent anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive agents. Dyslipidaemia is a frequently observed consequence of GC treatment, typified by increased lipolysis, lipid mobilization, liponeogenesis, and adipogenesis. Dogs with excess GC show hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the risk of developing atherosclerotic lesions is low as compared to humans. This study aimed to examine alterations in the canine plasma lipidome in a model of experimentally induced short-term and long-term GC excess. Both treatments led to significant plasma lipidome alterations, which were more pronounced after long-term excess steroid exposure. In particular, monohexosylceramides, phosphatidylinositols, ether phosphatidylcholines, acyl phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerols and sphingosine 1-phosphates showed significant changes. The present study highlights the hitherto unknown effects of GCs on lipid metabolism, which will be important in the further elucidation of the role and function of GCs as drugs and in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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20
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Metabolomic profiling to identify effects of dietary calcium reveal the influence of the individual and postprandial dynamics on the canine plasma metabolome. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e13. [PMID: 31019684 PMCID: PMC6465680 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term feeding studies have highlighted a phenomenon in Ca regulation that raises concerns around Ca absorption in dogs that may make an impact on commercial diets near to the maximum recommended level. A recent study to determine responses in dogs fed one of two diets differing in dietary Ca over 40 weeks found no evidence to suggest a concern across a range of biological parameters hypothesised to be affected by Ca. Unforeseen consequences of dietary Ca could have occurred and metabolic profiling was deemed a suitable data-driven approach to identify effects of dietary Ca. The objectives were to compare the fasted plasma metabolome (sampled at 8-week intervals over 40 weeks) of dogs fed one of two diets, near to the minimum and maximum recommended levels of dietary Ca. Comparisons with the control diet were also investigated across the postprandial time course (1-4 h) following acute (1 d) and long-term (24 weeks) feeding of the test diet. Comparing fasted plasma samples at each time point, no significant effect (adjusted P < 0·05) of diet on metabolites was observed. In the postprandial state, only phosphate was consistently different between diets and was explained by additional dietary P to maintain Ca:P. Metabolic profiling analysis supports the view that the dietary Ca upper limit is safe. Additionally, the canine plasma metabolome was characterised, providing insights into the stability of individual profiles across 40 weeks, the response to consumption of a nutritionally complete meal over a 4 h postprandial time course and different kinetic categories of postprandial absorption.
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Nicholatos JW, Robinette TM, Tata SVP, Yordy JD, Francisco AB, Platov M, Yeh TK, Ilkayeva OR, Huynh FK, Dokukin M, Volkov D, Weinstein MA, Boyko AR, Miller RA, Sokolov I, Hirschey MD, Libert S. Cellular energetics and mitochondrial uncoupling in canine aging. GeroScience 2019; 41:229-242. [PMID: 30937823 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The first domesticated companion animal, the dog, is currently represented by over 190 unique breeds. Across these numerous breeds, dogs have exceptional variation in lifespan (inversely correlated with body size), presenting an opportunity to discover longevity-determining traits. We performed a genome-wide association study on 4169 canines representing 110 breeds and identified novel candidate regulators of longevity. Interestingly, known functions within the identified genes included control of coat phenotypes such as hair length, as well as mitochondrial properties, suggesting that thermoregulation and mitochondrial bioenergetics play a role in lifespan variation. Using primary dermal fibroblasts, we investigated mitochondrial properties of short-lived (large) and long-lived (small) dog breeds. We found that cells from long-lived breeds have more uncoupled mitochondria, less electron escape, greater respiration, and capacity for respiration. Moreover, our data suggest that long-lived breeds have higher rates of catabolism and β-oxidation, likely to meet elevated respiration and electron demand of their uncoupled mitochondria. Conversely, cells of short-lived (large) breeds may accumulate amino acids and fatty acid derivatives, which are likely used for biosynthesis and growth. We hypothesize that the uncoupled metabolic profile of long-lived breeds likely stems from their smaller size, reduced volume-to-surface area ratio, and therefore a greater need for thermogenesis. The uncoupled energetics of long-lived breeds lowers reactive oxygen species levels, promotes cellular stress tolerance, and may even prevent stiffening of the actin cytoskeleton. We propose that these cellular characteristics delay tissue dysfunction, disease, and death in long-lived dog breeds, contributing to canine aging diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Nicholatos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Timothy M Robinette
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Saurabh V P Tata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Jennifer D Yordy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Adam B Francisco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Michael Platov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Tiffany K Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Frank K Huynh
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Maxim Dokukin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Dmytro Volkov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael A Weinstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Adam R Boyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Sergiy Libert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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22
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Hall JA, Jackson MI, Vondran JC, Vanchina MA, Jewell DE. Comparison of circulating metabolite concentrations in dogs and cats when allowed to freely choose macronutrient intake. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.036228. [PMID: 30254078 PMCID: PMC6262854 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake changes circulating metabolite concentrations. Thus, a comparison of circulating metabolites between dogs and cats is necessarily confounded by the composition of foods offered. The objective of this study was to determine differences between dogs and cats when given the opportunity to choose their own macronutrient intake. Four experimental foods with similar palatability, but varying in macronutrient content were prepared for dogs, and four for cats. Foods were available to dogs (n=17) for food intake once a day and to cats (n=27) at all times. Food 1 was high protein; Food 2 was high fat; Food 3 was high carbohydrates and Food 4 was balanced for macronutrients. By choosing a combination of foods, each animal could individually set its own macronutrient intake. Plasma metabolomics were determined after pets had consumed their food intake of choice for 28 days. Cats had higher concentrations of the essential amino acids histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine, but lower concentrations of lysine, methionine and threonine compared with dogs. Overall, non-essential amino acids were higher in cats. Regarding lipids, cats had increased concentrations of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) after 28 days, although arachidonic acid (AA) was consistently higher in dogs. Regarding circulating microbial metabolites, there was more stability for dogs compared with cats (none changed over time in dogs versus 42% changed in cats; P<0.01). Concentrations of urea cycle intermediates, antioxidants and methylated compounds were also different between species. In conclusion, metabolite differences between dogs and cats reflected differences in species and food choices. Summary: Dogs and cats offered foods with different macronutrient composition, but equivalent palatability, have different circulating metabolite concentrations that reflect differences in species and food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dryden Hall 206, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4802, USA
| | - Matthew I Jackson
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, Kansas 66617-1587, USA
| | - Jodi C Vondran
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, Kansas 66617-1587, USA
| | - Melissa A Vanchina
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, Kansas 66617-1587, USA
| | - Dennis E Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, Kansas 66617-1587, USA
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23
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Bloszies CS, Fiehn O. Using untargeted metabolomics for detecting exposome compounds. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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O'Kell AL, Garrett TJ, Wasserfall C, Atkinson MA. Untargeted metabolomic analysis in naturally occurring canine diabetes mellitus identifies similarities to human Type 1 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9467. [PMID: 28842637 PMCID: PMC5573354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While predominant as a disease entity, knowledge voids exist regarding the pathogenesis of canine diabetes. To test the hypothesis that diabetic dogs have similar metabolomic perturbations to humans with type 1 diabetes (T1D), we analyzed serum metabolomic profiles of breed- and body weight-matched, diabetic (n = 6) and healthy (n = 6) dogs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling. We report distinct clustering of diabetic and control groups based on heat map analysis of known and unknown metabolites. Random forest classification identified 5/6 dogs per group correctly with overall out of bag error rate = 16.7%. Diabetic dogs demonstrated significant upregulation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis intermediates (e.g., glucose/fructose, C6H12O6, keto-hexose, deoxy-hexose, (P < 0.01)), with significant downregulation of tryptophan metabolism metabolites (e.g., picolinic acid, indoxyl sulfate, anthranilate, (P < 0.01)). Multiple amino acids (AA), AA metabolites, and bile acids were also significantly lower in diabetic versus healthy dogs (P < 0.05) with the exception of the branched chain AA valine, which was elevated in diabetic animals (P < 0.05). Metabolomic profiles in diabetic versus healthy dogs shared similarities with those reported in human T1D (e.g., alterations in glycolysis/gluconeogensis metabolites, bile acids, and elevated branched chain AA). Further studies are warranted to evaluate the utility of canine diabetes to provide novel mechanistic insights to the human disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L O'Kell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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25
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Blondelle J, Pais de Barros JP, Pilot-Storck F, Tiret L. Targeted Lipidomic Analysis of Myoblasts by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1668:39-60. [PMID: 28842901 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7283-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipids represent ∼10% of the cell dry mass and play essential roles in membrane composition and physical properties, energy storage, and signaling pathways. In the developing or the regenerating skeletal muscle, modifications in the content or the flipping between leaflets of membrane lipid components can modulate the fusion capacity of myoblasts, thus constituting one of the regulatory mechanisms underlying myofiber growth. Recently, few genes controlling these qualitative and quantitative modifications have started to be unraveled. The precise functional characterization of these genes requires both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of a global lipid profile. Here, we describe a lipidomic protocol using mass spectrometry, allowing assessing the content of fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, and cholesterol in the routinely used C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line, or in primary cultures of mouse myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), U955-E10 Biologie du Système Neuromusculaire, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Plateforme de Lipidomique-uBourgogne, INSERM UMR1231/LabEx LipSTIC, UFR des Sciences de Santé - Bâtiment B3, Dijon, France
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), U955-E10 Biologie du Système Neuromusculaire, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), U955-E10 Biologie du Système Neuromusculaire, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France.
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