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Schrad N, Pensky J, Gorski G, Beganskas S, Fisher AT, Saltikov C. Soil characteristics and redox properties of infiltrating water are determinants of microbial communities at managed aquifer recharge sites. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6795929. [PMID: 36331034 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of soil microbial communities at three, pilot-scale field sites simulating shallow infiltration for managed aquifer recharge (MAR). We evaluated shifts in microbial communities after infiltration across site location, through different soils, with and without carbon-rich amendments added to test plots. Our meta-analysis aims to enable more effective MAR basin design by identifying potentially important interactions between soil physical-geochemical parameters and microbial communities across several geographically separate MAR basins. We hypothesized infiltration and carbon amendments would lead to common changes in subsurface microbial communities at multiple field sites but instead found distinct differences. Sites with coarser (mainly sandy) soil had large changes in diversity and taxa abundance, while sites with finer soils had fewer significant changes in genera, despite having the greatest increase in nitrogen cycling. Below test plots amended with a carbon-rich permeable reactive barrier, we observed more nitrate removal and a decrease in genera capable of nitrification. Multivariate statistics determined that the soil texture (a proxy for numerous soil characteristics) was the main determinant of whether the microbial community composition changed because of infiltration. These results suggest that microbial communities in sandy soil with carbon-rich amendments are most impacted by infiltration. Soil composition is a critical parameter that links between microbial communities and nutrient cycling during infiltration and could influence the citing and operation of MAR to benefit water quality and supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schrad
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Jennifer Pensky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Galen Gorski
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.,Present Address: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston VA, 20192, United States
| | - Sarah Beganskas
- Water Resource Management, Delaware River Basin Commission, 25 Cosey Road, West Trenton, NJ, 08628, United States
| | - Andrew T Fisher
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Chad Saltikov
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
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Lu Y, Tao Y, Yin B, Li Y, Tucker C, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Nitrogen deposition stimulated winter nitrous oxide emissions from bare sand more than biological soil crusts in cold desert ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156779. [PMID: 35724796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dryland ecosystems are often nitrogen-limited, and small nitrogen inputs may produce large responses to dryland ecological processes, such as gaseous nitrogen emission. The effect of increased anthropogenic nitrogen deposition on N2O and NO emissions in desert ecosystems is unclear, especially in non-growing seasons when the surface is covered with snow. In this study, nitrogen applications were performed on biological soil crusts (lichen crust and moss crust, bare sand for control) in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwest China. We measured the fluxes of N2O and NO and related nitrogen cycle functional gene abundances in winter for three-years period. Nitrogen addition significantly affected N2O emissions and increased the abundances of key functional gene for nitrogen cycle, while it only slightly influenced NO emissions. These effects of nitrogen addition depended on composition of biological soil crusts. For bare sand and lichen crust, nitrogen addition significantly increased N2O emissions, whereas for moss crust, only a negligible effect was observed. Meanwhile, significant differences in nitrogen cycle functional gene abundances were found among different composition of biological soil crusts. Abundance of amoA, narG, and nosZ genes were highly related to N2O and NO emissions. Thus, our results indicate that gaseous nitrogen emissions were generally increased by nitrogen addition through their effects on related functional microbial groups. The effects were regulated by composition of biological soil crusts which can buffer the effects of increasing nitrogen addition during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China
| | - Benfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China
| | - Colin Tucker
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China.
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China.
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Lyu S, Wu L, Wen X, Wang J, Chen W. Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on soil-crop systems in China: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152531. [PMID: 34953828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed wastewater (RW) use represents a substantial opportunity to alleviate the growing scarcity of water for irrigation of agricultural crops in China. However, insufficient understanding of the effects and fates of possible contaminants in RW promotes concerns over crop safety and prevents the extensive incorporation of RW in agriculture. We reviewed the characteristics of contaminants in RW, the fate of contaminants in soil-crop systems, and the effects of RW irrigation on soil quality and crop growth in China. We found that concentrations of heavy metals in RW were higher than the permissible limits in some areas. The total concentrations and main categories of emerging contaminants and pathogens in RW varied markedly among municipal wastewater treatment plants, and the greatest risks of contamination were posed by ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin, the most frequently observed compounds with risk quotients >1. The negative effects of salts and nutrients in RW on soil quality and crop growth were minor and manageable. The accumulation of heavy metals and emerging contaminants in soils irrigated with RW did not pose an immediate risk to soils and crops. Changes in soil microbial populations, diversity, and activity caused by RW irrigation increased crop yields and protected crops against contaminants. However, attention is necessary to the risks of bioaccumulation in soils and crops of heavy metals, emerging contaminants, intermediate metabolites, and pathogens, and their effects on human health with long-term RW irrigation. We recommend irrigation practices, crop screening, soil treatments, prioritizing the risks of contaminants, and comprehensive management to increase safety in RW used for agricultural irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Laosheng Wu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Pan Y, Chen J, Gao K, Lu G, Ye H, Wen Z, Yi X, Dang Z. Spatial and temporal variations of Cu and Cd mobility and their controlling factors in pore water of contaminated paddy soil under acid mine drainage: A laboratory column study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148523. [PMID: 34157528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) poses a potential threat to human health worldwide, due to its high content of inorganic contaminants including heavy metals. Nevertheless, AMD is commonly used for irrigation of paddy soils. To determine the extent to which AMD affects contaminant levels in such practices, the effect of continuous AMD flooding on pH, redox potential Eh and the migration of Cu and Cd in contaminated paddy soil was studied in column experiments. By means of simulated AMD, dynamic changes of Cu and Cd concentrations in pore water were measured and the controlling factors pH, Eh and presence of Fe, dissolved organic carbon and sulfate were determined over a period of 60 days. Minerals in the soil were assessed by means of an Eh-pH diagram and solid-phase mineral detection. During continuous flooding with AMD-simulated water the soil pH increased, while Eh decreased over time. After 60 days the soil pH stabilized. Cu and Cd concentrations in the pore water negatively correlated with pH and with sulfate concentrations. Five-step sequential extraction illustrated that the fraction of exchangeable Cu increased significantly during AMD flooding. The overall content of Cu increased from initially 0.29 mg/g to 0.41 mg/g, while the content of Cd decreased from 9.2 mg/g to approximately 7.2 mg/g. Mobility factors were calculated and these conformed that Cd mobility significantly increased in contaminated soils during continuous AMD flooding. Our findings indicate that the release of Cu and Cd under AMD flooding can increase potential environmental risks, even though they lead to formation of metal sulfide deposits under anaerobic conditions. The presented data improves our understanding of the impact of overlying water conditions on the mobility of toxic metals in contaminated paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jinfan Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Han Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zining Wen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Yang J, Liu C, Wang S. A modified slow sand filtration system of epikarst spring water in karst mountainous areas, China. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:229-241. [PMID: 33901020 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epikarst springs are commonly used for drinking water in karst mountainous areas, but they tend to bring health risks to residents because of their vulnerability. In this work, a modified slow sand filtration system (M-SSF) was established as a case study to purify and conserve the epikarst spring water. The outcomes indicate that the purification of M-SSF relies mainly on the adsorption and ion exchange of the filter medium (mixtures of heat-treated red clay and crushed limestone, MHRCCL) during the schmutzdecke juvenility, and on the schmutzdecke-formed food chain of pollutants → bacteria → protozoa after the schmutzdecke maturity. The closed water cellar lined with ceramic tiles could reduce the deterioration of epikarst spring water during storage. Via 16S rRNA sequencing, it was found that the high abundance of TM6_Dependentiae in purified epikarst spring water (PESW) suggested that the M-SSF system relies on the formation of a closed food chain to achieve effective water purification. The decrease of Pseudarcicella abundance in PESW indicated that M-SSF could effectively prevent the water quality from external influences represented by leeches. Besides, the 16S function prediction was used to qualitatively characterize microbial nitrogen metabolism, as well as organic matter degradation in water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Zhao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 268 North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang 050061, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 92 East Zhongshan Road, Zhengding County, Shijiazhuang 050899, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiuyan Wang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 268 North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang 050061, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 92 East Zhongshan Road, Zhengding County, Shijiazhuang 050899, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 268 North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang 050061, China E-mail:
| | - Changli Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 268 North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang 050061, China E-mail:
| | - Shuaiwei Wang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 268 North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang 050061, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 92 East Zhongshan Road, Zhengding County, Shijiazhuang 050899, China
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Liu X, Shi Y, Zhang Q, Li G. Effects of biochar on nitrification and denitrification-mediated N 2O emissions and the associated microbial community in an agricultural soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6649-6663. [PMID: 33006095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a strong greenhouse gas, and it is of great significance for N2O reduction to study the effects of biochar on its production pathway. In this research, the contributions and mechanisms of biochar on autotrophic nitrification (ANF), heterotrophic nitrification (HNF), and denitrification (DF) to N2O emissions were studied by using 15N stable isotopes and high-throughput sequencing after laboratory incubation. The results showed that biochar addition at 2% (B2) significantly reduced the N2O emissions from the ANF by an average of 20.6%, while adding 5% biochar (B5) had no significant effect on the ANF. Both B2 and B5 significantly reduced the N2O emissions from the HNF by 15.7% and 13.2%, respectively, and reduced the N2O emissions from the DF by 40.9% and 11.7%, respectively. B2 enhanced the relative contribution rate of the ANF to N2O emissions by 6.3%, while B5 had little effect on it. Biochar addition significantly changed the copy numbers of the AOA and AOB, as well as the nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes, but it had no significant effect on the community composition of the AOA and had minimal effect on the AOB community. B2 significantly increased the abundance of the genus Rhodococcus of nirK type denitrifiers and had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas of the nosZ type denitrifiers. These results revealed that the inhibitory effects of biochar on N2O emissions from nitrification might be attributed to the direct immobilization and adsorption of inorganic N by biochar and to its promotion of the genus Rhodococcus of nirK-type denitrifiers and the genera Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas of the nosZ-type denitrifiers. The soil exchangeable NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations were the primary factors affecting the N2O emission rates. These results help to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of biochar on N2O production pathways in agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingren Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yulong Shi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guichun Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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7
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Wang H, Zeng Y, Guo C, Zheng X, Ding C, Lu G, Dang Z. Soil rehabilitation shaped different patterns of bacterial and archaeal community in AMD-irrigated paddy soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128259. [PMID: 33297204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are essential for soil rehabilitation and long-term sustainability of established plants. However, the recovery process of microorganisms in AMD-irrigated paddy soil is poorly understood at present. To verify this, we sampled AMD-irrigated paddy soils before at different rehabilitation stages by characterizing bacteria and archaea community from a chronosequence of AMD-irrigated rehabilitation to pre-disturbance levels from references sites. Next-generation sequencing is used to describe shifts in diversity and taxonomic composition of bacterial and archaeal. Co-occurrence networks are constructed to reveal potential microbial interaction patterns. The result showed bacterial community followed an observable taxonomic transition overtimes, with community structure becoming more similar to that of unmined reference sites. But the archaeal community only showed a seasonal change, which may hint that the archaeal community needs more time in rehabilitation. Both bacterial and archaeal community composition changes were apparent at high taxonomic levels, bacterial communities become dominated by Proteobacteria phylum, and archaeal community was dominated by Crenarchaeota, we proposed the possible reason is bacterial community were mainly derived by soil pH while the archaeal community was impacted by heavy metal. The bacterial co-occurrence networks increased in complexity during succession, improving the community's resistance to environmental disturbance, while the archaeal did not change monotonically with time. This study highlights the distinct recovery pattern of the bacterial and archaeal community during AMD-irrigated paddy soil rehabilitation, which provides a deep understanding of their role in paddy soil, and subsequent harnessing of their potential to pave the way in future rehabilitation strategies for mined sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yufei Zeng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chuling Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiongkai Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Cui Ding
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Jin Y, Miao Y, Geng Y, Huang M, Zhang Y, Song X, Li S, Zou J. Calcium Superphosphate-Mediated Reshaping of Denitrifying Bacteria Community Contributed to N 2O Mitigation in Pig Manure Windrow Composting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E171. [PMID: 33383657 PMCID: PMC7795020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Composting is recognized as an effective strategy for the sustainable use of organic wastes, but also as an important emission source of nitrous oxide (N2O) contributing to global warming. The effects of calcium superphosphate (CaSSP) on N2O production during composting are reported to be controversial, and the intrinsic microbial mechanism remains unclear. Here, a pig manure windrow composting experiment lasting for ~60 days was performed to evaluate the effects of CaSSP amendment (5%, w/w) on N2O fluxes in situ, and to determine the denitrifiers' response, and their driving factors. Results indicated that CaSSP amendment significantly reduced N2O emissions as compared to the control pile (maximum N2O emission rate reduced by 64.5% and total emission decreased by 49.8%). CaSSP amendment reduced the abundance of nirK gene encoding for nitrite reductase, while the abundance of nosZ gene (N2O reductase) was enriched. Finally, we built a schematic model and indicated that the abundance of nirK gene was likely to play a key role in mediating N2O production, which were correlated with NH4+-N and NO3--N changing responsive to CaSSP. Our finding implicates that CaSSP application could be a potential strategy for N2O mitigation in manure windrow composting, and the revealed microbial mechanism is helpful for deepening the understanding of the interaction among N-cycle functional genes, physicochemical factors, and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguo Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.J.); (Y.M.); (Y.G.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yingcheng Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.J.); (Y.M.); (Y.G.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yajun Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.J.); (Y.M.); (Y.G.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.J.); (Y.M.); (Y.G.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.J.); (Y.M.); (Y.G.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiuchao Song
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Shuqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.J.); (Y.M.); (Y.G.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.J.); (Y.M.); (Y.G.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Chen Q, Fan J, Ming H, Su J, Wang Y, Wang B. Effects of environmental factors on denitrifying bacteria and functional genes in sediments of Bohai Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111621. [PMID: 32919123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of denitrifying microorganisms to respond to different ecological pressures remains unknown, especially in marine sediments rich in various heavy metals. Here, gene abundance and transcriptional abundance of five functional denitrification genes (narG, nirK, nirS, norB, and nosZ) in Bohai Sea sediments were examined, and high-throughput Illumina sequencing was used to analyze the community structure of nirK and nirS denitrifying bacteria. The nirS- and nirK-type denitrifying bacteria were classified into different genera. The heavy metal content in sediments was negatively correlated with transcriptional abundance of denitrifying genes, and RNA: DNA ratio for each gene was highest in central Bohai Sea. These results indicated the distribution of nitrite reductase denitrifying bacterial communities was affected by depth, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and sediment grain size. Heavy metal contamination in sediment environment may negatively regulate the transcriptional abundance of denitrifying genes and cause geographical differences in the denitrifying bacterial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanrui Chen
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jingfeng Fan
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hongxia Ming
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Su
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China
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Abundance, diversity, and distribution patterns along with the salinity of four nitrogen transformation-related microbes in the Yangtze Estuary. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The abundance and composition of nitrogen transformation-related microbes with certain environmental parameters for living conditions provide information about the nitrogen cycle in the Yangtze Estuary. The aim of this study was to explore the impacts of salinity on four N-related microbes and reveal the phylogenetic characteristics of microorganisms in the Yangtze Estuary ecosystem. A molecular biology method was used for the quantitation and identification of four microbes in the Yangtze River: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), denitrifying microbes (nirS-type), and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria. Sequence identification was performed on the levels of phylum, class, order, family, and genus, and the sequences were then matched to species.
Result
The results showed that the dominant species of AOA were crenarchaeote enrichment cultures, thaumarchaeote enrichment cultures, and Nitrosopumilus maritimus cultures, and the dominant AOB species were betaproteobacterium enrichment cultures and Nitrosomona sp. The denitrifying microbes were identified as the phylum Proteobacteria, classes Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, and the species Thauera selenatis. The dominant species of the anammox bacteria was Candidatus Brocadia sp. In the estuarine sediments of the Yangtze River, the nirS gene abundance (1.31 × 107–9.50 × 108 copies g−1 sediments) was the highest among all the detected genes, and the abundance of bacterial amoA, archaeal amoA, and nirS was significantly correlated. Closely correlated with the abundance of the bacterial amoA gene, salinity was an important factor in promoting the abundance and restraining the community diversity of AOB. Moreover, the distribution of the AOB species exhibited regional patterns in the estuarine zone.
Conclusions
The results indicated that salinity might promote abundance while limiting the diversity of AOB and that salinity might have reverse impacts on AOA. Denitrifying microbes, which showed a significant correlation with the other genes, were thought to interact with the other genes during nitrogen migration. The results also implied that AOA has a lower potential nitrification rate than AOB and that both the anammox and denitrification processes (defined by nirS gene) account for N2 production.
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11
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Meng Q, Han Y, Zhu H, Yang W, Bello A, Deng L, Jiang X, Wu X, Sheng S, Xu Y, Xu X. Differences in distribution of functional microorganism at DNA and cDNA levels in cow manure composting. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110161. [PMID: 31954219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification and nitrification processes are the two prominent pathways of nitrogen (N) transformation in composting matrix. This study explored the dynamics of denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria at different composting stages of cow manure and corn straw using functional gene sequencing at DNA and cDNA levels. Corresponding agreement among OTUs, NMDS, mental test and network analyses revealed that functional bacteria community compositions and responses to physicochemical factors were different at DNA and cDNA levels. Specifically, some OTUs were detected at the DNA level but were not observed at cDNA level, differences were also found in the distribution patterns of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria communities at both levels. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis indicated that Pseudomonas, Paracoccus and Nitrosomonas were identified as the keystone OTUs at the DNA level, while Paracoccus, Agrobacterium and Nitrosospira were keystone OTUs at the cDNA level. Mantel test revealed that TN, C/N and moisture content significantly influenced both the denitrifying bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities at the DNA level. NO3--N, NH4+-N, TN, C/N, and moisture content only registered significant correlation with the nosZ-type denitrifiers and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities at the cDNA level. Structural equation model (SEM) showed that TN, NH4+-N, and pH were direct and significantly influenced the gene abundance of denitrifying bacteria. Howbeit, TN, NH4+-N, and NO3--N had significant direct effects on amoA gene abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ayodeji Bello
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liting Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyuan Sheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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12
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Yin M, Gao X, Tenuta M, Kuang W, Gui D, Zeng F. Manure application increased denitrifying gene abundance in a drip-irrigated cotton field. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7894. [PMID: 31660271 PMCID: PMC6815196 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and manure can increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We tested the hypothesis that increased N2O flux from soils amended with manure reflects a change in bacterial community structure and, specifically, an increase in the number of denitrifiers. To test this hypothesis, a field experiment was conducted in a drip-irrigated cotton field in an arid region of northwestern China. Treatments included plots that were not amended (Control), and plots amended with urea (Urea), animal manure (Manure) and a 50/50 mix of urea and manure (U+M). Manure was broadcast-incorporated into the soil before seeding while urea was split-applied with drip irrigation (fertigation) over the growing season. The addition treatments did not, as assessed by nextgen sequencing of PCR-amplicons generated from rRNA genes in soil, affect the alpha diversity of bacterial communities but did change the beta diversity. Compared to the Control, the addition of manure (U+M and Manure) significantly increased the abundance of genes associated with nitrate reduction (narG) and denitrfication (nirK and nosZ). Manure addition (U+M and Manure) did not affect the nitrifying enzyme activity (NEA) of soil but resulted in 39–59 times greater denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA). In contrast, urea application had no impact on the abundances of nitrifier and denitrifier genes, DEA and NEA; likely due to a limitation of C availability. DEA was highly correlated (r = 0.70–0.84, P < 0.01) with the abundance of genes narG, nirK and nosZ. An increase in the abundance of these functional genes was further correlated with soil NO3−, dissolved organic carbon, total C, and total N concentrations, and soil C:N ratio. These results demonstrated a positive relationship between the abundances of denitrifying functional genes (narG, nirK and nosZ) and denitrification potential, suggesting that manure application increased N2O emission by increasing denitrification and the population of bacteria that mediated that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cele, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cele, China.,Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mario Tenuta
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Wennong Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cele, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cele, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cele, China
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13
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Shi Y, Liu X, Zhang Q. Effects of combined biochar and organic fertilizer on nitrous oxide fluxes and the related nitrifier and denitrifier communities in a saline-alkali soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:199-211. [PMID: 31176819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to evaluate the combined effects of both biochar and organic fertilizer on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and composition of nitrifier and denitrifier of saline-alkali soil. Therefore, four different treatments such as CK (only chemical fertilizer), B (only biochar), M (only organic fertilizer), BM (B:M = 1:1) were used in this experiment. The results showed that N2O emissions were decreased in B and BM treatments compare to the control. In contrast, N2O emissions were highest before day 12 but lowest after day 19 in M treatment compare to the control. Application of biochar, organic fertilizer and biochar plus organic fertilizer decreased the nirS and nirK genes copies and enhanced the nosZ gene copies which resulting in the lower N2O fluxes. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA and nirK genes copies were significantly increased by organic fertilizer before day 12, leading to high N2O emissions. The genera Nitrosospira (AOB) and Nitrososphaera (ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA) assumed absolute superiority. Additionally, Nitrosospira (AOB) was also appeared in nirK-type denitrifiers, illustrating denitrification was carried out by nitrifiers. The genera Azospirillum (nirS), Burkholderia (nosZ) and Polymorphum (nosZ) were dominant in CK. There was only one dominant genus, Mesorhizobium (nosZ) in the B treatment. The genera Mesorhizobium (nirK), Azoarcus (nirS), Kocuria (nirS) and Pseudomonas (nosZ) occupied the main status in the M treatment. The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter (nirS) and Azospirillum (nosZ) were higher in the BM treatment compared with other treatments. Soil water content (SWC), pH, NH4+-N and NO3--N were the main factors affecting AOB and denitrifiers, which influencing N2O emissions. Overall, combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer can reduce the N2O emission where AOB and nirK-type denitrifier were the main contributors to the N2O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Shi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingren Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Wang C, Li J, Wu Y, Song Y, Liu R, Cao Z, Cui Y. Shifts of the nirS and nirK denitrifiers in different land use types and seasons in the Sanjiang Plain, China. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1040-1048. [PMID: 31469176 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Denitrification is a key nitrogen removal process that involves many denitrifying bacteria. In this study, the denitrification performance was estimated for soil samples from different land use types including farmland soil, restored wetland soil, and wetland soil. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the average abundance of nirS and nirK genes was notably affected by seasonal changes, increasing from 2.34 × 10 6 and 2.81 × 10 6 to 1.97 × 10 6 and 4.55 × 10 6 gene copies/g of dry soil, respectively, from autumn to spring. This suggests that the abundance of nirS and nirK denitrifiers in spring is higher than those in autumn. Furthermore, the abundance of nirS and nirK genes was higher in the farmland soil than in restored wetland soil and wetland soil in both seasons. According to the analyses of MiSeq sequencing of nirS and nirK genes, Halobacteriaceae could be used as a special strain to distinguish wetland soil from farmland soil and restored wetland soil. Furthermore, redundancy analysis indicated that the soil environmental variables of total carbon, total nitrogen, moisture content, and organic matter were the main factors affecting the community structures of nirS and nirK denitrifiers existing in wetland soil. These findings could contribute to understanding the differences in nirS and nirK denitrifiers between different land use types during seasonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zicheng Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshan Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Fan Z, Zeng W, Wang B, Chang S, Peng Y. Analysis of microbial community in a continuous flow process at gene and transcription level to enhance biological nutrients removal from municipal wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121374. [PMID: 31030069 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In biological municipal wastewater treatment, gene level analysis of community structure could not determine functional genes that actually played a role and expression of viable microorganism. In this study, reverse transcriptional PCR (RT-PCR), cDNA high throughput sequencing and transcriptional activity analysis were conducted to investigate active microbial community with nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. RT-PCR and correlation heatmap analysis suggested that transcriptional activities of bacteria had strong correlation with performance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, they might be therefore regarded as an indicator for wastewater treatment monitoring. When DO concentration were raised from 0.6 mg/L to 2 mg/L and C/N ratio from 3-4 to 5, the increase of population abundance and transcriptional activities of denitrifying genes improved the removal efficiencies of COD and TN. The species with relatively high abundance at gene level were not really active species at transcription level, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Baogui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuo Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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16
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Li M, Ren L, Zhang J, Luo L, Qin P, Zhou Y, Huang C, Tang J, Huang H, Chen A. Population characteristics and influential factors of nitrogen cycling functional genes in heavy metal contaminated soil remediated by biochar and compost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2166-2174. [PMID: 30326449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen treatments of soil contaminated by Cu, Pb, and Zn by the addition of a different percentage of biochar and compost were incubated for 120 days. The abundance of denitrifying genes such as narG, nirK, nirS and nosZ and the ammonia-oxidizing amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea/bacteria (AOA/AOB), soil nitrite reductase activity (S-NiR) and their shaping factors were also determined. The relationships between functional genes, S-NiR, and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method. The study found that the changes in physico-chemical parameters, including water-soluble organic carbon (WSC), nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+), were predominant in different treatments. The abundance of nirK and narG genes is most sensitive to the changes in the properties of the soil sample. Bacterial 16S rDNA gene abundance was significantly affected by NO3- and S-NiR (P < 0.05). Nitrifying genes were mainly correlated to WSC and S-NiR, while denitrifying genes were associated with pH, electrical conductivity, NO3- and S-NiR. The systematic study for the relationship between the genes and the environmental parameters will help us to deep understand the biological mechanisms of nitrogen cycle in heavy metal contaminated soils remediated by biochar and compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liheng Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pufeng Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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17
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Meng Q, Xu X, Zhang W, Cheng L, Men M, Xu B, Deng L, Sun X. Diversity and abundance of denitrifiers during cow manure composting. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 51:191-200. [PMID: 30467018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity and abundance of the denitrifying genes nirK, nirS and nosZ were investigated in cow manure compost using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), respectively. These three genes were detected in all the stages of the composting process. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the nirK gene was closely related to Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales, the nirS gene was closely related to Pseudomonadales and Burkholderiales, and the nosZ gene was closely related to Rhodospirillales, Rhizobiales, Pseudomonadales, and Alteromonadales. qPCR results showed that the abundance of these three genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ) reached the peak value in the late thermophilic stage of composting and abundance of the nirK gene was higher than that of the nosZ gene and the nirS gene. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the diversity of the nirK and nirS genes was significantly correlated with ammonium (p<0.05), the diversity of the nosZ gene was significantly correlated with pH (p<0.05) and the abundance of the nirK nirS and nosZ genes was significantly correlated with temperature (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mengqi Men
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Benshu Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liting Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuewei Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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18
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The Abundance of Fungi, Bacteria and Denitrification Genes during Insect Outbreaks in Scots Pine Forests. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9080497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of defoliating insects may affect microbial populations in forests and thereby mass balances and ecosystem functioning. Here, we investigated the microbial dynamics in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests during outbreaks of the nun moth (Lymantria monacha L.) and the pine-tree lappet (Dendrolimus pini L.). We used real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to quantify genes that characterize bacterial and fungal abundance and the denitrification processes (nirK, nirS, nosZ clades I and II) in different forest compartments and we analyzed the C and N content of pine needles, insect feces, larvae, vegetation layers, organic layers, and mineral soil horizons. The infestation of the nun moth increased the bacterial abundance on pine needles, in the vegetation layer, and in the upper organic layer, while fungal populations were increased in the vegetation layer and upper organic layer during both outbreaks. In soil, the abundance of nirK increased after insect defoliation, while the C/N ratios decreased. nosZ clades I and II showed variable responses in different soil layers and to different defoliating insects. Our results illustrate changes in the microbial populations in pine forests that were infested by defoliating insects and changes in the chemical soil properties that foster these populations, indicating a genetic potential for increased soil N2O emissions during the defoliation peak of insect outbreak events.
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19
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Wu W, Wu P, Yang F, Sun DL, Zhang DX, Zhou YK. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risks in urban soils around an electronics manufacturing facility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:53-61. [PMID: 29475113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has pervaded many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations and health risks of heavy metals in urban soils around an electronics manufacturing site in the Hubei Province of China. Soils samples were collected from commercial, roadside, farmland, and residential areas around the electronics manufacturing facility. A total of 136 topsoil samples were collected, and these samples were analyzed for Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ni, and Pb. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI), and potential ecological risk index (PER) were calculated to assess the soil pollution levels. The hazard index (HI) was used to assess the human health risks posed by the presence of heavy metals. The total concentrations of the seven congeners (∑metals) ranged from 3738.86 to 5173.25mgkg-1, and the concentrations were highest in the commercial area followed (in decreasing order) by the roadside, farmland, and residential areas. The HI for children and adults descended in the order of Cr>As>Pb>Cd>Cu>Ni>Zn. The carcinogenic risks of two metals, namely, Cr and As, for children and adults were higher than 10-4, and children faced greater health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Dan-Ling Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - De-Xing Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yi-Kai Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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20
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Yang Y, Wang W. Benzyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride shifts the proliferation of functional genes and microbial community in natural water from eutrophic lake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:355-365. [PMID: 29414358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzylalkyldimethylethyl ammonium compounds are pervasive in natural environments and toxic at high concentrations. The changes in functional genes and microbial diversity in eutrophic lake samples exposed to benzyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride (BAC) were assessed. BAC exerted negative effects on bacteria abundance, particularly at concentrations of 100 μg L-1 and higher. A significant increase in the number of the quaternary ammonium compound-resistant gene qacA/B was recorded within the 10 μg L-1 treatment after the first day of exposure. Not all antibiotic resistance genes increased in abundance as the concentrations of BAC increased; rather, gene abundances were dependent on the gene type, concentrations of BAC, and contact time. The nitrogen fixation-related gene nifH and ammonia monooxygenase gene amoA were inhibited by high concentrations of BAC after the first day, whereas an increase of the nitrite reductase gene nirK was stimulated by exposure. Microbial communities within higher treatment levels (1000 and 10 000 μg L-1) exhibited significantly different community composition compared to other treatment levels and the control. Selective enrichment of Rheinheimera, Pseudomonas, and Vogesella were found in the higher treatment levels, suggesting that these bacteria have some resistance or degradation capacity to BAC. Genes related with RNA processing and modification, transcription, lipid transport and metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism, and cell motility of microbial community function were involved in the process exposed to the BAC stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Weibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Meng H, Wu R, Wang YF, Gu JD. A comparison of denitrifying bacterial community structures and abundance in acidic soils between natural forest and re-vegetated forest of Nanling Nature Reserve in southern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:41-49. [PMID: 28500915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification plays a key role in converting reactive nitrogen species to dinitrogen gas back into the atmosphere to maintain the equilibrium of nitrogen cycling in ecosystems. In this study, functional genes of nirK and nosZ were used to detect the community structure and abundance of denitrifying microorganisms in acidic forest soils in southern China. Three sets of factors were considered for a comparison among 5 forests, including forest types (natural vs. re-vegetated), depths (surface layer vs. lower layer) and seasons (winter vs. summer). The community of nirK gene detected from these acidic forest soils was closely related to Proteobacteria especially α-Proteobacteria and uncultured soil sequences, while that of nosZ gene was affiliated with the α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria. Higher diversity of denitrifiers was observed in re-vegetated forest soils than natural ones. Not only the community but also the abundance showed significant differences between forest types as well as depths. The abundance of denitrifiers ranged from 105 to 107 gene copies g-1 dry soil in this study. For nirK gene, the abundance was much higher in the lower layer than surface layer in both forest types, and the differences between winter and summer in natural forest soils were higher than those in re-vegetated forest soils. The abundance of nosZ and nirK genes showed a similar trend in natural forest, but the former was higher in matured forest than re-vegetated forest. This study provided a direct comparison on community composition and abundance of denitrifying bacteria in natural and re-vegetated acidic forest soils to allow further assessment of the nitrogen cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Meng
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruonan Wu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan 1st Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Li S, Song L, Gao X, Jin Y, Liu S, Shen Q, Zou J. Microbial Abundances Predict Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from a Windrow Composting System. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:409. [PMID: 28373862 PMCID: PMC5357657 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Manure composting is a significant source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) that are two potent greenhouse gases. The CH4 and N2O fluxes are mediated by methanogens and methanotrophs, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in composting manure, respectively, while these specific bacterial functional groups may interplay in CH4 and N2O emissions during manure composting. To test the hypothesis that bacterial functional gene abundances regulate greenhouse gas fluxes in windrow composting systems, CH4 and N2O fluxes were simultaneously measured using the chamber method, and molecular techniques were used to quantify the abundances of CH4-related functional genes (mcrA and pmoA genes) and N2O-related functional genes (amoA, narG, nirK, nirS, norB, and nosZ genes). The results indicate that changes in interacting physicochemical parameters in the pile shaped the dynamics of bacterial functional gene abundances. The CH4 and N2O fluxes were correlated with abundances of specific compositional genes in bacterial community. The stepwise regression statistics selected pile temperature, mcrA and NH4+ together as the best predictors for CH4 fluxes, and the model integrating nirK, nosZ with pmoA gene abundances can almost fully explain the dynamics of N2O fluxes over windrow composting. The simulated models were tested against measurements in paddy rice cropping systems, indicating that the models can also be applicable to predicting the response of CH4 and N2O fluxes to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and rising temperature. Microbial abundances could be included as indicators in the current carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lina Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Yaguo Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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Wang X, Xie B, Zhang C, Shen Y, Lu J. Quantitative impact of influent characteristics on nitrogen removal via anammox and denitrification in a landfill bioreactor case. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:130-139. [PMID: 27916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), Illumina MiSeq sequencing and 15N stable isotopic tracing methods were applied to study the effects of influent organic loading, BOD5/TN and NO2-N/NH4-N ratios on the combined nitrogen removal through denitrification and anammox. The results show that, the total nitrogen removal was above 90% at the optimum reaction condition: organic loading 0.04kg/m3·day, BOD5/TN 0.2, and NO2-N/NH4-N 1.0. Approximately 9.43% of the nitrogen removal occurred through anammox process when BOD5/TN was 0.1, and increased to 21.46% when BOD5/TN was 0.2. The anammox accounted for 10% when NO2-N/NH4-N was 0.5, and that increased to 20.72% when NO2-N/NH4-N was 1.0-1.5. hzsA was directly proportional to the influent BOD5/TN. A positive correlation between BOD5/TN and anammox microorganisms existed. Similarly, there was a positive correlation between NO2-N/NH4-N and denitrification microorganisms. Therefore, it is feasible to regulate the influent to improve nitrogen removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science and School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Chen J, Zhou HC, Pan Y, Shyla FS, Tam NFY. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and plant species on nitrification, denitrification and anammox in mangrove soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:60-70. [PMID: 26901803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and planting affect biogeochemical processes, and their impact on microbial nitrogen (N) transformation in soil. A 12-month microcosm experiment was conducted to understand the effects of a mixture of PBDEs at two contamination levels, 2 and 20 mg kg(-1)dry weight representing low and high soil contamination, respectively, using two mangrove plant species, namely Kandelia obovata (Ko) and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Bg), on nitrification, denitrification and anammox in mangrove soils. No significant changes in these N transformation processes were found at month 3 and at a low level of PBDEs in both plant species, suggesting that short-term exposure to 2 mg kg(-1) contamination did not affect microbial N transformation. At month 12, a high level of PBDE contamination significantly decreased the nitrification potential activity and the copy numbers of archaeal amoA and bacterial amoA gene in Ko soil, but such inhibitory effect was not significant in Bg soil. On the contrary, the denitrification-related parameters, including the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase, potential denitrification activity and copy numbers of nirK, nirS and nosZ gene, were stimulated by a high level of PBDE contamination in both Ko and Bg soils, and the stimulation was higher in the more anaerobic Bg soil. Different from denitrification, a high level of PBDE contamination decreased the copy numbers of anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene in Bg soil but not in Ko soil; this was possibly related to the lower nitrate concentration in Bg soil that might inhibit the growth of anammox bacteria. These results indicated that the effects of PBDEs on microbial N transformation were plant species-specific, with the nitrifying microorganisms in Ko soil more susceptible to PBDE contamination, while denitrification and anammox in Bg soil were more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai Chao Zhou
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Farzana Shazia Shyla
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nora Fung-Yee Tam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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25
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Zhang M, Xu Z, Teng Y, Christie P, Wang J, Ren W, Luo Y, Li Z. Non-target effects of repeated chlorothalonil application on soil nitrogen cycling: The key functional gene study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:636-643. [PMID: 26613517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread and increasing application of chlorothalonil (CTN) raises concerns about its non-target impacts, but little information is available on the effect of CTN on the key functional genes related to soil nitrogen (N) cycling, especially in the case of repeated applications. In the present study, a microcosm incubation was conducted to determine CTN residues and the impacts on the abundances of key functional genes related to N cycling after repeated CTN applications. The results demonstrated that repeated CTN applications at the recommended application rate and five times the recommended rate led to the accumulation of CTN residue in soil at concentrations of 5.59 and 78.79 mg kg(-1), respectively, by the end of incubation. Real time PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that repeated CTN applications had negative effects on the chiA and aprA gene abundances. There were significantly negative correlations between CTN residues and abundances of AOA and AOB genes. In addition, the abundances of key functional genes involved in soil denitrification were declined by repeated CTN applications with the sole exception of the nosZ gene. This study suggests that repeated CTN applications could lead to the accumulation of CTN residue and generate somewhat inconsistent and erratic effects on the abundances of key functional genes related to soil N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Chongqing Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhengao Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Zhou S, Huang T, Zhang H, Zeng M, Liu F, Bai S, Shi J, Qiu X, Yang X. Nitrogen removal characteristics of enhanced in situ indigenous aerobic denitrification bacteria for micro-polluted reservoir source water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 201:195-207. [PMID: 26649898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous oligotrophic aerobic denitrifiers nitrogen removal characteristics, community metabolic activity and functional genes were analyzed in a micro-polluted reservoir. The results showed that the nitrate in the enhanced system decreased from 1.71±0.01 to 0.80±0.06mg/L, while the control system did little to remove and there was no nitrite accumulation. The total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of the enhanced system reached 38.33±1.50% and the TN removal rate of surface sediment in the enhanced system reached 23.85±2.52%. TN removal in the control system experienced an 85.48±2.37% increase. The densities of aerobic denitrifiers in the enhanced system ranged from 2.24×10(5) to 8.13×10(7)cfu/mL. The abundance of nirS and nirK genes in the enhanced system were higher than those of in the control system. These results suggest that the enhanced in situ indigenous aerobic denitrifiers have potential applications for the bioremediation of micro-polluted reservoir system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Haihan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mingzheng Zeng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Shiyuan Bai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jianchao Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhou H, Li L, Zheng J, Zhang X, Zheng J, Pan G. Abundance, composition and activity of denitrifier communities in metal polluted paddy soils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19086. [PMID: 26739424 PMCID: PMC4703955 DOI: 10.1038/srep19086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrification is one of the most important soil microbial processes leading to the production of nitrous oxide (N2O). The potential changes with metal pollution in soil microbial community for N2O production and reduction are not well addressed. In this study, topsoil samples were collected both from polluted and non-polluted rice paddy fields and denitrifier communities were characterized with molecular fingerprinting procedures. All the retrieved nirK sequences could be grouped into neither α- nor β- proteobacteria, while most of the nosZ sequences were affiliated with α-proteobacteria. The abundances of the nirK and nosZ genes were reduced significantly in the two polluted soils. Thus, metal pollution markedly affected composition of both nirK and nosZ denitrifiers. While the total denitrifying activity and N2O production rate were both reduced under heavy metal pollution of the two sites, the N2O reduction rate showed no significant change. These findings suggest that N2O production activity could be sensitive to heavy metal pollution, which could potentially lead to a decrease in N2O emission in polluted paddies. Therefore, metal pollution could have potential impacts on soil N transformation and thus on N2O emission from paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, 235000, Huaibei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yongzhuo Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.,College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang City, Henan 453003, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinwei Zheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jufeng Zheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
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Response of Spatial Patterns of Denitrifying Bacteria Communities to Water Properties in the Stream Inlets at Dianchi Lake, China. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:572121. [PMID: 26504771 PMCID: PMC4609451 DOI: 10.1155/2015/572121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Streams are an important sink for anthropogenic N owing to their hydrological connections with terrestrial systems, but main factors influencing the community structure and abundance of denitrifiers in stream water remain unclear. To elucidate the potential impact of varying water properties of different streams on denitrifiers, the abundance and community of three denitrifying genes coding for nitrite (nirK, nirS) and nitrous oxide (nosZ) reductase were investigated in 11 streams inlets at the north part of Dianchi Lake. The DGGE results showed the significant pairwise differences in community structure of nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes among different streams. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed that nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, pH, and temperature in waters were the main environmental factors leading to a significant alteration in the community structure of denitrifiers among different streams. The denitrifying community size was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the nirS, nirK, and nosZ genes. The abundance of nirK, nirS, and nosZ was positively associated with concentrations of total N (TN) and PO4 (3-) (p < 0.001). The difference in spatial patterns between nirK and nirS community diversity, in combination with the spatial distribution of the nirS/nirK ratio, indicated the occurrence of habitat selection for these two types of denitrifiers in the different streams. The results indicated that the varying of N species and PO4 (3-) together with pH and temperature would be the main factors shaping the community structure of denitrifiers. Meanwhile, the levels of N in water, together with PO4 (3-), tend to affect the abundance of denitrifiers.
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Impacts of Long-Term Irrigation of Domestic Treated Wastewater on Soil Biogeochemistry and Bacterial Community Structure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7143-58. [PMID: 26253672 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02188-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity and regulations on wastewater disposal have necessitated the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for soil irrigation, which has several environmental and economic benefits. However, TWW irrigation can cause nutrient loading to the receiving environments. We assessed bacterial community structure and associated biogeochemical changes in soil plots irrigated with nitrate-rich TWW (referred to as pivots) for periods ranging from 13 to 30 years. Soil cores (0 to 40 cm) were collected in summer and winter from five irrigated pivots and three adjacently located nonirrigated plots. Total bacterial and denitrifier gene abundances were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and community structure was assessed by 454 massively parallel tag sequencing (MPTS) of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes along with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of nirK, nirS, and nosZ functional genes responsible for denitrification of the TWW-associated nitrate. Soil physicochemical analyses showed that, regardless of the seasons, pH and moisture contents (MC) were higher in the irrigated (IR) pivots than in the nonirrigated (NIR) plots; organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were higher as a function of season but not of irrigation treatment. MPTS analysis showed that TWW loading resulted in the following: (i) an increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, especially Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria; (ii) a decrease in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria; (iii) shifts in the communities of acidobacterial groups, along with a shift in the nirK and nirS denitrifier guilds as shown by T-RFLP analysis. Additionally, bacterial biomass estimated by genus/group-specific real-time qPCR analyses revealed that higher numbers of total bacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and the nirS denitrifier guilds were present in the IR pivots than in the NIR plots. Identification of the nirK-containing microbiota as a proxy for the denitrifier community indicated that bacteria belonged to alphaproteobacteria from the Rhizobiaceae family within the agroecosystem studied. Multivariate statistical analyses further confirmed some of the above soil physicochemical and bacterial community structure changes as a function of long-term TWW application within this agroecosystem.
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Yin C, Fan F, Song A, Cui P, Li T, Liang Y. Denitrification potential under different fertilization regimes is closely coupled with changes in the denitrifying community in a black soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5719-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Response of denitrifying genes coding for nitrite (nirK or nirS) and nitrous oxide (nosZ) reductases to different physico-chemical parameters during agricultural waste composting. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4059-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Long A, Song B, Fridey K, Silva A. Detection and diversity of copper containing nitrite reductase genes (nirK) in prokaryotic and fungal communities of agricultural soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 91:1-9. [PMID: 25764542 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are capable of producing N2 and N2O gases as the end products of denitrification. Copper-containing nitrite reductase (NirK), a key enzyme in the microbial N-cycle, has been found in bacteria, archaea and fungi. This study seeks to assess the diversity of nirK genes in the prokaryotic and fungal communities of agricultural soils in the United States. New primers targeting the nirK genes in fungi were developed, while nirK genes in archaea and bacteria were detected using previously published methods. The new primers were able to detect fungal nirK genes as well as bacterial nirK genes from a group that could not be observed with previously published primers. Based on the sequence analyses from three different primer sets, five clades of nirK genes were identified, which were associated with soil archaea, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and fungi. The diversity of nirK genes in the two denitrifying bacteria clades was higher than the diversity found in other clades. Using a newly designed primer set, this study showed the detection of fungal nirK genes from environmental samples. The newly designed PCR primers in this study enhance the ability to detect the diversity of nirK-encoding microorganisms in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Long
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403
| | - Bongkeun Song
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
| | - Kelly Fridey
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403
| | - Amy Silva
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403
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Subrahmanyam G, Shen JP, Liu YR, Archana G, He JZ. Response of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria to long-term industrial effluent-polluted soils, Gujarat, Western India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:4037-4050. [PMID: 24554021 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil nitrifiers have been showing an important role in assessing environmental pollution as sensitive biomarkers. In this study, the abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were investigated in long-term industrial waste effluent (IWE) polluted soils. Three different IWE polluted soils characterized as uncontaminated (R1), moderately contaminated (R2), and highly contaminated (R3) were collected in triplicate along Mahi River basin, Gujarat, Western India. Quantitative numbers of ammonia monooxygenase α-subunit (amoA) genes as well as 16S rRNA genes indicated apparent deleterious effect of IWE on abundance of soil AOA, AOB, bacteria, and archaeal populations. Relatively, AOB was more abundant than AOA in the highly contaminated soil R3, while predominance of AOA was noticed in uncontaminated (R1) and moderately contaminated (R2) soils. Soil potential nitrification rate (PNR) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in polluted soils R2 and R3. Reduced diversity accompanied by apparent community shifts of both AOB and AOA populations was detected in R2 and R3 soils. AOB were dominated with Nitrosospira-like sequences, whereas AOA were dominated by Thaumarchaeal "group 1.1b (Nitrososphaera clusters)." We suggest that the significant reduction in abundance and diversity AOA and AOB could serve as relevant bioindicators for soil quality monitoring of polluted sites. These results could be further useful for better understanding of AOB and AOA communities in polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangavarapu Subrahmanyam
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
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Yang A, Zhang X, Agogué H, Dupuy C, Gong J. Contrasting spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of diversity and community structure of ammonia oxidizers, denitrifiers, and anammox bacteria in sediments of estuarine tidal flats. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Nitrite reductase genes as functional markers to investigate diversity of denitrifying bacteria during agricultural waste composting. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4233-43. [PMID: 24442505 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of denitrifier community during agricultural waste composting. The diversity and dynamics of the denitrifying genes (nirK and nirS) were determined using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Relationships between physico-chemical parameters and denitrifying genes structures were simultaneously evaluated by redundancy analysis (RDA). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that nirK clones grouped into six clusters and nirS clones into two major clusters, respectively. The results showed a very high diversity of nir gene sequences within composting samples. RDA showed that the nirK and nirS gene structures were significantly related to pH and pile temperature (P < 0.05). Significant amounts of the variation (49.2 and 38.3 % for nirK and nirS genes, respectively) were explained by pH and pile temperature, suggesting that those two parameters were the most likely ones to influence, or be influenced by the denitrifiers harboring nirK and nirS genes.
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Boz B, Mizanur Rahman M, Bottegal M, Basaglia M, Squartini A, Gumiero B, Casella S. Vegetation, soil and hydrology management influence denitrification activity and the composition of nirK-type denitrifier communities in a newly afforested riparian buffer. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:675-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang X, He L, Zhang F, Sun W, Li Z. The different potential of sponge bacterial symbionts in N₂ release indicated by the phylogenetic diversity and abundance analyses of denitrification genes, nirK and nosZ. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65142. [PMID: 23762300 PMCID: PMC3677918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen cycle is a critical biogeochemical process of the oceans. The nitrogen fixation by sponge cyanobacteria was early observed. Until recently, sponges were found to be able to release nitrogen gas. However the gene-level evidence for the role of bacterial symbionts from different species sponges in nitrogen gas release is limited. And meanwhile, the quanitative analysis of nitrogen cycle-related genes of sponge microbial symbionts is relatively lacking. The nirK gene encoding nitrite reductase which catalyzes soluble nitrite into gas NO and nosZ gene encoding nitrous oxide reductase which catalyzes N₂O into N₂ are two key functional genes in the complete denitrification pathway. In this study, using nirK and nosZ genes as markers, the potential of bacterial symbionts in six species of sponges in the release of N2 was investigated by phylogenetic analysis and real-time qPCR. As a result, totally, 2 OTUs of nirK and 5 OTUs of nosZ genes were detected by gene library-based saturated sequencing. Difference phylogenetic diversity of nirK and nosZ genes were observed at OTU level in sponges. Meanwhile, real-time qPCR analysis showed that Xestospongia testudinaria had the highest abundance of nosZ gene, while Cinachyrella sp. had the greatest abundance of nirK gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the nirK and nosZ genes were probably of Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria origin. The results from this study suggest that the denitrification potential of bacteria varies among sponges because of the different phylogenetic diversity and relative abundance of nosZ and nirK genes in sponges. Totally, both the qualitative and quantitative analyses of nirK and nosZ genes indicated the different potential of sponge bacterial symbionts in the release of nitrogen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liming He
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fengli Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Saunders OE, Fortuna AM, Harrison JH, Cogger CG, Whitefield E, Green T. Gaseous nitrogen and bacterial responses to raw and digested dairy manure applications in incubated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:11684-11692. [PMID: 22971014 DOI: 10.1021/es301754s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted under laboratory conditions to compare rates of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and ammonia (NH(3)) emissions when soil was amended with anaerobically digested dairy manure slurry containing <30% food byproducts, raw dairy manure slurry, or urea. Slurries were applied via surface and subsurface methods. A second objective was to correlate genes regulating nitrification and denitrification with rates of N(2)O production, slurry treatment, and application method. Ammonia volatilization from incubated soil ranged from 140 g kg(-1) of total N applied in digested slurry to 230 g kg(-1) in urea. Subsurface application of raw dairy manure slurry decreased ammonia volatilization compared with surface application. Anaerobic digestion increased N(2)O production. Cumulative N(2)O loss averaged 27 g kg(-1) of total N applied for digested slurry, compared with 5 g kg(-1) for raw dairy slurry. Genes of interest included a 16S rRNA gene selective for β-subgroup proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizers, amoA, narG, and nosZ quantified with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Application of anaerobically digested slurry increased nitrifier and denitrifier gene copies that correlated with N(2)O production. Expression of all genes measured via mRNA levels was affected by N applications to soil. This study provides new information linking genetic markers in denitrifier and nitrifier populations to N(2)O production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Saunders
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6420, USA
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