1
|
Dang N, Xing W, Gai X, Chen G. Modulating phyllosphere microbiome structure and function in Loropetalum chinense and Osmanthus fragrans: The impact of foliar dust and heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170250. [PMID: 38253107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Trees can effectively capture airborne particles and improve air quality. However, the specific response of phyllosphere microbiome (PMo) in different plant species to particulate matter (PM) and the heavy metals it contains are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of PM on the diversity and function of PMo in Loropetalum chinense and Osmanthus fragrans trees grown in industrial and clean zones with varying levels of PM pollution. Our findings revealed that leaf dust had a significant negative effect on microbial richness, with O. fragrans exhibiting higher microbial diversity than L. chinense. The dominant phylum of phyllosphere bacteria in all samples was Proteobacteria, and the dominant genera were Stenotrophomonas and Delftia. The relative abundance of these genera varied significantly among plant species and regions. Our results showed that PM had a significant impact on the community composition of PMo, with the presence of heavy metals exerting a greater effect than particle size. Moreover, the foliar microbial community of plants grown in industrial zones exhibited significantly higher metabolic functions related to stress resistance and disease resistance compared to plants in control zones. These findings highlight the structural and functional responses of PMo to PM and indicate their potential for enhancing plant adaptation to environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wenli Xing
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xu Gai
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Guangcai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Zhu Z, Li T, Li M, Cai Z, Wang X, Gong H, Yan M. Mangrove plants are promising bioindicator of coastal atmospheric microplastics pollution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133473. [PMID: 38219586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are commonly used by society and their break down into millimeter-sized bits known as microplastics (MPs). Due to the possibility of exposure, reports of them in atmospheric deposition, indoor, and outdoor air have sparked worry for public health. In tropical and subtropical regions all throughout the world, mangroves constitute a distinctive and significant type of coastal wetlands. Mangrove plants are considered to have the effect of accumulating sediment MPs, but the sedimentation of atmospheric MPs has not been reported. In this study, we illustrated the characteristics, abundance and spatial distribution of MPs in different species of mangrove leaves along the Seagull Island in Guangzhou. MPs samples from leaves in five species showed various shapes, colors, compositions, sizes and abundance. Acanthus ilicifolius had an average fallout rate of 1223 items/m2/day which has the highest abundance of MPs in all samples. Four shapes of MPs were found in all leaves surfaces including fiber, fragment, pellet, and film, with fiber is the most. The dominant types of MPs in all leaves were cellulose and rayon. Most of the total MPs size were smaller than 2 mm. Clearly, the microstructures of each species leaf surfaces had an impact on its ability to retain MPs. The plants rough blade surfaces and big folds or gullies caused more particles to accumulate and had a higher MPs retention capacity. Overall, our study contributes to a better knowledge of the condition of MPs pollution in atmosphere and the connection between leaves structure and the retention of MPs, which indicates that mangrove plants are promising bioindicator of coastal atmospheric MPs pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyin Huang
- Joint laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- Joint laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianmu Li
- Joint laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minqian Li
- Joint laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeming Cai
- Joint laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Joint laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Gong
- Joint laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Muting Yan
- Joint laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roy A, Mandal M, Das S, Popek R, Rakwal R, Agrawal GK, Awasthi A, Sarkar A. The cellular consequences of particulate matter pollutants in plants: Safeguarding the harmonious integration of structure and function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169763. [PMID: 38181950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution is one of the pressing environmental concerns confronting human civilization in the face of the Anthropocene era. Plants are continuously exposed to an accelerating PM, threatening their growth and productivity. Although plants and plant-based infrastructures can potentially reduce ambient air pollutants, PM still affects them morphologically, anatomically, and physiologically. This review comprehensively summarizes an up-to-date review of plant-PM interaction among different functional plant groups, PM deposition and penetration through aboveground and belowground plant parts, and plants' cellular strategies. Upon exposure, PM represses lipid desaturases, eventually leading to modification of cell wall and membrane and altering cell fluidity; consequently, plants can sense the pollutants and, thus, adapt different cellular strategies. The PM also causes a reduction in the photosynthetically active radiation. The study demonstrated that plants reduce stomatal density to avoid PM uptake and increase stomatal index to compensate for decreased gaseous exchange efficiency and transpiration rates. Furthermore, genes and gene sets associated with photosynthesis, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the TCA cycle were dramatically lowered by PM stress. Several transcription factors, including MYB, C2H2, C3H, G2-like, and WRKY were induced, and metabolites such as proline and soluble sugar were accumulated to increase resistance against stressors. In addition, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were also accumulated to scavenge the PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, this review provides an insight into plants' underlying cellular mechanisms and gene regulatory networks in response to the PM to determine strategies to preserve their structural and functional blend in the face of particulate pollution. The study concludes by recommending that future research should precisely focus on plants' response to short- and long-term PM exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Roy
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamun Mandal
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit Das
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Robert Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; GRADE Academy (Pvt.) Ltd., Birgunj, Nepal
| | | | - Amit Awasthi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari M, Bhattacharya T. Selection of tropical trees and shrubs for urban greening in coal mine complex: a case study of Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13003-13025. [PMID: 38240973 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effectiveness of roadside trees for removing dust and the effects of dust load on the physiology and micromorphology of the foliage. The present study was conducted near an open coal mining complex situated in Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India, to assess the air pollution tolerance index (APTI), anticipated performance index (API), dust capturing capacity (DCC), and leaf morphology of trees and shrubs growing around the coal fields. Results showed that Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Ficus religiosa, Ailanthus excelsa, and Ficus benghalensis were the most tolerant species towards air pollution (high APTI scores), while plants like Calotropis gigantea, Lantana camara, and Tectona grandis were proven to be bio-indicator species. Butea monosperma, Ficus benghalensis, Alstonia scholaris, and Terminalia arjuna were plant species with the highest DCC. Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences site-wise and season-wise in the biochemical parameters of APTI and a considerable difference site-wise with respect to dust capturing capacity. Correlation and regression analyses revealed a very high positive correlation between APTI and ascorbic acid value. The study recommends suitable plant species to manage rising air pollution in the coal mine and nearby areas apart from suggesting the development of a green belt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mala Kumari
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu L, He P, Duan Y, Yu Z, Yang F. Synergy of different leaf traits determines the particulate matter retention capacity and its susceptibility to rain wash-off. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167365. [PMID: 37769719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall plays a crucial role in the removal of particulate matter (PM) from plant leaves, influencing PM retention and the environmental behaviour of harmful substances that accumulate in PM. This study examined the PM retention capacity, particle size distributions, and wash-off rates of leaf surface PM from three common green tree species in northern China during two natural rainfall events (light rain: 8.3 mm; heavy rain: 54.2 mm), to investigate the relationship between the leaf traits, PM retention capacity, and PM wash-off process. Our results found that leaf morphometric characteristics, such as leaf size, length, width, and aspect ratio (length-to-width), had a negative and significant correlations with the PM retention capacity, but had no significant correlation with the leaf surface PM wash-off rate. Smaller leaves with low aspect ratios exhibited greater stability under external disturbances than large leaves with high aspect ratios, resulting in a higher PM retention capacity and lower wash-off rate. Ridges and grooves enhanced the PM retention capacity by increasing the leaf roughness. Rainfall could wash off all particle size ranges of leaf surface PM without altering their mechanical composition. Larger particles were more easily washed off. Euonymus japonicus, with its small leaf size and low aspect ratio, exhibited the highest PM retention capacity. Its curled leaf shape also hindered light rain from washing off leaf surface PM. Forsythia suspensa, with denser grooves and ridges compared with Prunus serrulata, exhibited a rougher leaf surface and higher PM retention capacity. However, this roughness may reduce wettability, making it easier for runoff to form on the leaf surface and dislodge leaf surface PM, resulting in F. suspensa having the highest wash-off rate. Our results highlight the synergy of different leaf traits on PM retention capacity and the PM stability after rainfall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuai Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Peng He
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yonghong Duan
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhitong Yu
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Taklimakan National Station of Observation and Research for Desert Meteorology in Xinjiang/Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm, Xinjiang Uygru Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830002, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Panda SS, Sahu C, Basti S, Sahu SK. Particle and heavy metal accumulation by two plant species in a coal mining area of Odisha, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:838-849. [PMID: 37849279 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2270613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities lead to severe particulate matter (PM) pollution that consequently has a detrimental effect on ecosystem. A study was therefore conducted in a coal mining area of Odisha, India with an objective to assess the particulate matter pollution on the basis of differential aerodynamic size (PM10 and PM2.5) of the particles, the metallic (Zn and Fe) composition, and also to evaluate their nature of deposition on two identified plant species. The results suggest a significant variation in particle and heavy metal fractions in the ambient air of different sites (p < 0.05). Fe dominated the finer particle (PM2.5) fraction while Zn dominated the coarser counterpart (PM10) in the ambient air. When evaluated for the particle and heavy metal deposition on leaf surface, Shorea robusta performed better in trapping the coarser particles (PM10) while Holarrhena floribunda was found to be an efficient scrubber of the finer particles (PM2.5). Fe deposition on surface of leaves was comparatively higher than Zn irrespective of plant species or size fractions. Therefore, it is concluded that both S. robusta and H. floribunda should be planted in a schematic manner to tackle the particulate pollution in coal mining areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandan Sahu
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
- School of Biotechnology, Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur, India
| | - Sradhanjali Basti
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
| | - Sanjat Kumar Sahu
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang R, Tian Q, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wu Y, Li Z, Wen Z. Differences in particulate matter retention and leaf microstructures of 10 plants in different urban environments in Lanzhou City. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103652-103673. [PMID: 37688697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a major primary environmental air pollutant and poses a threat to human health. Differences in the environment and leaf microstructures of plants will result in varying abilities to retain PM, but the effects of changes in these factors on PM retention are not yet well understood. This study selected 10 plant species in four urban areas (sports field, park, residential green space, and greenway) as the study objects. The amount of retained PM by the different species was measured, and the leaf microstructures were observed. It was found that the environment significantly affected both PM retention and leaf microstructure. The ranking of PM retention in the 10 species in four areas was greenway > residential green space > park > sports field. The ranking of average stomatal width and length was park > sports field > residential green space > greenway, while that of average stomatal density was greenway > residential green space > park > sports field. Different environments affected the length and density of trichomes in the leaves. These changes represented the adaptation of plant species to the growth environment. The stomata and grooves of the leaf surface significantly affected the ability of plants to retain PM. The amount of PM retained by different species varied. In all four urban areas, Prunus × cistena N. E. Hansen ex Koehne (purple leaf sand cherry), Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart f. atropurpurea (Jacq.) Rehd. (cherry plum), Buxus sinica var. parvifolia M. Cheng (common boxwood), and Ligustrum × vicaryi Rehder (golden privet) showed strong PM retention. The results of this study will provide information for planners and urban managers for the selection of plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Landscape Gardening, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qing Tian
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhini Chen
- Xinglong Mountain Forest Ecosystem Research Station of National Positioning of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yonghua Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Landscape Gardening, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zizhen Li
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zebin Wen
- Lanzhou Botanical Garden, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Majee CK, Ali SY, Padhy PK. Effects of atmospheric dust particles on common medicinal plants in an industrial area of West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:978. [PMID: 37477710 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of atmospheric dust particles on four common medicinal plants (Ocimum sanctum, Andrographis paniculata, Catharanthus roseous, and Kaempferia galanga, which are available in the study area and cultivated by the local people for medicinal purposes) affects their growth, levels of essential biochemical constituents and heavy metal concentration. The plant species were grown by pot cultivation in an industrial area with high levels of coal dust to assess the capacity of heavy metals accumulation in their leaves and changes in allometry and biochemical parameters. The results showed that annual average SPM and dustfall varied between 195.88 to 645.97 μg/m3 and 17.55 to 41.16 g/m2/month, respectively. Dustfall at different polluted sites was 2.4, 2.1, 1.5, 1.4, and 2.3 times higher than at the control site. The most prevalent heavy metal in atmospheric particulate matter was Zn, followed by Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, and Cd. Plant allometry measurements such as height, stem width, root length, petiole length, and leaf area are shown to have a strong and significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with dustfall and SPM. Total chlorophyll and RWC were inversely proportional to the dust load present in all the species. Except for Andrographis paniculata, chlorophyll and leaf-extracted pH of plant species were moderately correlated with APTI, whereas no correlation was noticed for ascorbic acid. A positive correlation between SPM and heavy metals in leaves was observed. The results implied that the cultivation and collection of medicinal plants from the study area could be potentially toxic to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Majee
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - S Y Ali
- Central Pollution Control Board, Eastern Regional Directorate, Kolkata, India
| | - P K Padhy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao K, Liu D, Chen Y, Feng J, He D, Huang C, Wang Z. Trait-mediated leaf retention of atmospheric particulate matter in fourteen tree species in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33609-33623. [PMID: 36484939 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Particulate air pollution is a serious threat to human health, especially in urban areas, and trees can act as biological filters and improve air quality. However, studies on greening tree species selection are rare. We measured three particular matter adsorption metrics (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM>10 captured per leaf area) and six functional traits for each of fourteen species and estimated their minimum light requirements based on field surveys. We found that shade-tolerant species captured more coarse particles (PM2.5-10) than light-demanding species. For traits, a strong negative correlation was found between photosynthetic capacity and adsorption capacity for all three PM size fractions, indicating that in comparison to acquisitive species, conservative species captured larger amounts of particles. Moreover, denser wood species and smaller leaves were more efficient in capturing large particles (PM>10), while species with "expensive" leaves (high leaf N or P) were more efficient in capturing fine particles (PM2.5), indicating that capturing large and fine particles was related to mechanical stability traits and leaf surface traits, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the metabolism (e.g., photosynthetic capacity) and chemistry (e.g., leaf N and leaf P) of leaves help explain species capacity to capture PM. We encourage future studies to investigate the ecosystem functions and stress tolerance of tree species with the same framework and trait-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Zhao
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yongfa Chen
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Dong He
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang H, He Z, Li M, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Jin X, Chen J. Influence of exposure history on the particle retention capacity and physiological responses of Euonymus japonicus Thunb. var. aurea-marginatus Hort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120593. [PMID: 36336181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Green plants in urban environments experience cyclical particulate matter stress. And this history of exhaust exposure may generate stress memory in plants, which may alter their subsequent response. Studies combining urban pollution characteristics and stress memory are limited. Therefore, we selected E. japonicus var. aurea-marginatus, a common urban greening tree species in the Yangtze River Delta, and conducted an experiment in three periods: the initial pollution period (S1: 28 days), the recovery period (R: 14 days) and the secondary pollution period (S2: 28 days). The experimental design consisted of an elevated pollution treatment (173 μg•cm-3) and an ambient control (34 μg•cm-3) with three replicates. In S2, the net total particle retention and saturated particle retention decreased by 11.5% and 19.3%, respectively, while PM10 and PM2.5 did not change significantly. E. japonicus var. aurea-marginatus exhibited recovery of chlorophyll levels, slower degradation of carotenoid, faster accumulation of ASA, lower accumulation of MDA, reduced activity of SOD under the second pollution period, and the period had a significant effect on the physiological indicators. Collectively, the effect of autoexhaust exposure history on the particle retention capacity of selected plant varied across particle sizes, and stress memory may confer plant resistance to recurrent exhaust pollution via combined regulations of physiological responses. Fine particles which pose a great risk to human health arise predominantly from vehicular traffic and energy production. So, E. japonicus tends to play a stabilising role in particle retention in industrial, traffic and residential areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Zhengxuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Xinjie Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang Y, Wu C, Wu D, Liu B, Li YJ, Sun J, Yang H, Mao X, Tan J, Xia R, Deng T, Li M, Zhou Z. Vertical distributions of atmospheric black carbon in dry and wet seasons observed at a 356-m meteorological tower in Shenzhen, South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158657. [PMID: 36096219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a vital climate forcer in the atmosphere, but measurements of BC vertical profiles near the surface remain limited. This study investigates time-resolved vertical profiling of BC in both dry (December 2017) and wet (August 2018) seasons in Shenzhen, China, at a 356-m meteorological tower. In the dry season, five micro-aethalometers were deployed at different heights (2, 50, 100, 200, and 350 m), while four heights (2, 100, 200, and 350 m) were measured in the wet season. The concentrations of equivalent BC (eBC) showed a decreasing trend with altitude in the dry season, while a weaker vertical gradient was observed in the wet season. The diurnal variability of eBC in the dry season is also more significant than in the wet season. Correlation analysis between eBC concentrations at the ground and those at the upper levels suggest a better vertical mixing of eBC in the wet season than in the dry season. In the wet season when south wind prevailed, eBC concentration at ground level was likely reduced by the large amount of vegetation cover south to the sampling site. In the dry season, eBC concentrations at 350 m show little dependence on wind speed, implying that local emissions have a limited effect on eBC concentrations at 350 m. In the wet season when brown carbon influence was weak, higher wind speed leads to a higher Ångström exponent (AAE) at 350 m, likely associated with more aged BC particles. Cluster analysis of backward trajectories suggests that high eBC concentration was associated with air masses from Central China in both seasons. This study provides a better understanding on the influencing factors that affect the vertical distributions of BC in the lower part of the boundary layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Cheng Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Dui Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yong Jie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jiayin Sun
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Honglong Yang
- Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, CMA, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Xia Mao
- Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, CMA, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen D, Yin S, Zhang X, Lyu J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Yan J. A high-resolution study of PM 2.5 accumulation inside leaves in leaf stomata compared with non-stomatal areas using three-dimensional X-ray microscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158543. [PMID: 36067857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves retain atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on their surfaces, helping PM removal and risk reduction of respiratory tract infection. Several processes (deposition, resuspension, rainfall removal) can influence the PM accumulation on leaves and different leaf microstructures (e.g., trichomes, epicuticular waxes) can also be involved in retaining PM. However, the accumulation and distribution of PM on leaves, particularly at the stomata, are unclear, and the lack of characterization methods limits our understanding of this process. Thus, in this study, we aimed to explore the pathway through which PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) enters plant leaves, and the penetration depth of PM2.5 along the entry route. Here, an indoor experiment using diamond powder as a tracer to simulate PM2.5 deposition on leaves was carried out. Then, the treated and non-treated leaves were scanned by using three-dimensional (3D) X-ray microscopy. Next, the grayscale value of the scanned images was used to compare PM2.5 accumulation in stomatal and non-stomatal areas of the treated and non-treated leaves, respectively. Finally, a total PM2.5 volume from the abaxial epidermis was calculated. The results showed that, first, a large amount of PM2.5 accumulates within leaf stomata, whereas PM2.5 does not accumulate at non-stomatal areas. Then, the penetration depth of PM2.5 in stomata of most tree species was 5-14 μm from the abaxial epidermis. For the first time, 3D X-ray microscope scanning was used to confirm that a pathway by which PM2.5 enters the leaves is through the stomata, which is fundamental for further research on how PM2.5 translocates and interacts with tissues and cells in leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dele Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xuyi Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junyao Lyu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanhua Zhu
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingli Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang HL, Nizamani MM, Cubino JP, Guo LY, Zhou JJ, Wang HF. Spatiotemporal Variation of Urban Plant Diversity and above Ground Biomass in Haikou, China. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121824. [PMID: 36552334 PMCID: PMC9775028 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of urban plant diversity (UPD) and above ground biomass (AGB) in urbanized areas is critical for urban ecosystem services and biodiversity protection. The relationships between UPD and AGB have been investigated simultaneously. However, the drivers of UPD and AGB have been explored independently in tropical coastal areas at different time points. To fill this gap, we conducted a remote sensing interpretation, field plant plot surveys, and compiled socioeconomic and urban greening management survey data. We conducted spatial analyses to investigate the relationships among UPD and socioeconomic variables across different primary and secondary urban functional units (UFUs) in the tropical urban ecosystems of the coastal city of Haikou, China. The primary UFUs with the highest AGB were the recreation and leisure districts in 2015 and 2021. In 2015, AGB was mainly correlated with the number of herb species in undeveloped land and the districts of industry, business, recreation, and leisure. In 2021, AGB was affected primarily by the frequency of fertilizing, maintenance, and watering. Our study found that the relationship between UPD and AGB varied across time and space in Haikou. The plant diversity and AGB's response to human activities and socioeconomics appear to have a time-lag effect. These results provide new insights in understanding how management decisions affect urban vegetation and could be used to guide future urban green space planning in Haikou.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Li Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mir Muhammad Nizamani
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Josep Padullés Cubino
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lin-Yuan Guo
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hua-Feng Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li M, Gu H, Lam SS, Sonne C, Peng W. Deposition-mediated phytoremediation of nitrogen oxide emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119706. [PMID: 35798191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing global population and use of natural resources lead to significant air pollution. Nitrogen oxide emissions is a potential killer threatening human health requiring focus and remediation using vegetation being efficient and cheap. Here we review the mechanisms of removing nitrogen oxides by dry deposition of plants, discussing the principle of leaf absorption of pollutants and factors affecting the removal of nitrogen oxides providing a theoretical basis for the selection of urban greening vegetation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Li
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries; 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma C, Xie P, Yang J, Lin L, Zhang K, Zhang H. Evaluating the contributions of leaf organ to wheat grain cadmium at the filling stage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155217. [PMID: 35429556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an element of global concern in agricultural fields owing to its high bioavailability and its risk to human health via the consumption of wheat products. However, whether wheat leaves can directly absorb atmospheric Cd and transport them to the grains along with the contribution of leaves to Cd accumulation in the grains is not clear. We evaluated this mechanism through three comparative treatments: 1) exposure to atmospheric deposition (CK), 2) no exposure to atmospheric deposition (T1), and 3) exposure to atmospheric deposition with leaf cutting (T2). The Cd accumulation rate of grains in the CK, T1, and T2 groups all showed an increasing trend, followed by a decreasing trend, which was consistent with the trend of filling rate. Moreover, the critical period for leaf Cd accumulation in the grains was the early filling period, and its contribution decreased gradually as filling progressed. The contribution of the leaves to grain Cd reached 31.73% at maturity, with the reactivation of stored Cd in leaves pre-flowering and the newly absorbed atmospheric Cd by leaves post-flowering contributing 19.76% and 11.97% to Cd accumulation in grains, respectively, at maturity. Sub-microstructure analysis of the leaves further confirmed that the direct Cd absorption by leaves from atmospheric deposition through stomata contributed to Cd accumulation in wheat grains. Therefore, controlling the sources of atmospheric Cd pollution and reducing Cd absorption by leaves during grain filling can effectively control Cd pollution of wheat grains. This study provides significant insights on how to more effectively control the Cd content of edible part of wheat and ensure food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prigioniero A, Zuzolo D, Niinemets Ü, Postiglione A, Mercurio M, Izzo F, Trifuoggi M, Toscanesi M, Scarano P, Tartaglia M, Sciarrillo R, Guarino C. Particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake in relation to leaf surface functional traits in Mediterranean evergreens: Potentials for air phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129029. [PMID: 35525010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We explored relationships between particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) leaf concentrations, uptake rates and leaf surface functional traits in four Mediterranean evergreen trees (Chamaerops humilis, Citrus × aurantium, Magnolia grandiflora, and Quercus ilex) during a dry month. Pollutant leaf concentration at different dates and uptake rate were correlated. We quantified PM by gravimetric analysis, PAHs were extracted from intact and dewaxed leaves and analyzed by GC-MS, and cuticle thickness, number and surface of stomata (Ns and SS) and trichomes (Nt and St) were determined by optical microscopy. Infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the leaves surfaces composition and assess esterification index (E). Studied species were characterized by unique combinations of functional traits and pollutant uptake capacities. PM10 uptake scaled positively with SS, St and upper cuticle thickness (Tc,u) across species. PM2.5 uptake scaled positively with Tc,u, and thicker cuticles were also associated with greater shares of uptake of hydrophobic PM fractions. Uptakes of different fractions of PAH were generally weakly related to different leaf functional traits, except for some correlations with E and SS. We conclude that both plant surface morphological and chemical leaf traits influence PM and PAH retention, unveiling their potential role in air phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Prigioniero
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento 82100, Italy.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Alessia Postiglione
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Mariano Mercurio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Scarano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Maria Tartaglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento 82100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dang N, Zhang H, Abdus Salam MM, Li H, Chen G. Foliar dust particle retention and metal accumulation of five garden tree species in Hangzhou: Seasonal changes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119472. [PMID: 35580713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As particulate matter and heavy metals in the atmosphere affect the atmospheric quality, they pose a threat to human health through the respiratory system. Vegetation can remove airborne particles and purify the atmosphere. Plant leaves are capable of effectively absorbing heavy metals contained by particulates. To evaluate the effects of different garden plants on the particulate matter retention and heavy metal accumulation, the seasonal changes of dust retention of five typical garden plants were compared in the industrial and non-industrial zones in Hangzhou. Results revealed that these species differed in dust retention with the descending order of Loropetalum chinense > Osmanthus fragrans > Pittosporum tobira > Photinia × fraseri > Cinnamomum camphora, which were related to the microstructure feature of the leaf. These species also showed seasonal variation in dust retention, with the highest in summer, followed by winter, autumn, and spring, respectively. The total suspended particle per unit leaf area was higher in the industrial site (80.54 g m-2) than in the non-industrial site (19.77 g m-2). Leaf particles in different size fractions differed among species, while coarse particles (d > ten μm) predominated in most cases. The L. chinense and C. camphora plants accumulated the greatest Pb and Ni compared to other plants. Overall, L. chinense was the best suitable plant species to improve the air quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China; College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Handan Zhang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100, Joensuu, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Yliopistokatu 6B, 80100, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Haimei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guangcai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adhikari S, Jordaan A, Beukes JP, Siebert SJ. Anthropogenic Sources Dominate Foliar Chromium Dust Deposition in a Mining-Based Urban Region of South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042072. [PMID: 35206256 PMCID: PMC8872262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dust pollution can be severe in urban centers near mines and smelters. Identification of dust sources and assessing dust capturing plant morphological traits may help address the problem. A chromium (Cr) mining and ferrochrome smelting region in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa, was investigated to identify the sources of Cr in soil and plant leaf surfaces and to evaluate the association between Cr sources and plant morphology. Combinations of bi- and multivariate statistical analysis techniques were applied. Non-significant relation between Cr quantities in surface soil and on leaf surfaces suggested negligible Cr dust contribution from soil to leaves. Association among Cr, Fe, Mg, Al, and Si levels on leaf surfaces confirmed their shared origin, possibly from chromite containing dust dispersed by mines, smelters, roads, and tailings. Both plant morphology and Cr sources (number and proximity to mines and roads) conjointly determined Cr dust deposition on leaf surfaces. Air mass movement patterns further identified local polluters, i.e., mines, ferrochrome smelters, and roads, as dominant dust sources in the region. Common plant species showed Cr dust adhesion favouring traits (plant tallness, larger leaf area, dense epicuticular wax structures, and larger stomata) and projected dust mitigation prospects for Sekhukhuneland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Adhikari
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anine Jordaan
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Johan Paul Beukes
- Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Stefan John Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tan XY, Liu L, Wu DY. Relationship between leaf dust retention capacity and leaf microstructure of six common tree species for campus greening. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:1213-1221. [PMID: 35040734 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.2024135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Green plants can effectively retain atmospheric particle pollution and purify the air. As an important part of the campus ecosystem, they have a significant effect on absorbing atmospheric pollutants and improving the quality of the campus air environment. Six common greening plants were selected as the object in Xiangnan University. The dust retention capacity of plant leaves, leaf micro-structure, and leaf contact angle were measured. The results show that the highest amounts of dust removed by Osmanthus fragrans Lour was 3.451 g/m2, and the least amounts of dust removed by Magnolia denudata Desr. was 1.005 g/m2, and the maximum is 4.148 times of the minimum. The micro-structure of the plant leaf surface affects the amount of dust retention. The plant dust retention capacity with gully of the leaf surface and fluff, stomata, and sawtooth structure is relatively strong; The plant dust retention capacity with smooth, wax layer, leathery, and gully is relatively weak. The leaf contact area of a plant is related to its dust retention ability, that is, when the measured leaf contact angle is <90°, the leaf dust retention ability of the plant is strong. When the blade contact angle is >90°, the dust retention capacity is weak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Tan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Dai-Ya Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Particulate Matter (PM) Adsorption and Leaf Characteristics of Ornamental Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cultivars and Two Common Indoor Plants (Hedera helix L. and Epipremnum aureum Lindl. & Andre). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a serious threat to human health, climate, and ecosystems. Furthermore, owing to the combined influence of indoor and outdoor particles, indoor PM can pose a greater threat than urban PM. Plants can help to reduce PM pollution by acting as biofilters. Plants with different leaf characteristics have varying capacities to capture PM. However, the PM mitigation effects of plants and their primary factors are unclear. In this study, we investigated the PM adsorption and leaf characteristics of five ornamental sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) cultivars and two common indoor plants (Hedera helix L. and Epipremnum aureum Lindl. & Andre) exposed to approximately 300 μg m−3 of fly ash particles to assess the factors influencing PM adsorption on leaves and to understand the effects of PM pollution on the leaf characteristics of plants. We analyzed the correlation between PM adsorption and photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf area (LA), leaf width/length ratio (W/L), stomatal density (SD), and stomatal pore size (SP). A Pearson’s correlation analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the effects of different leaf characteristics on PM adsorption. The analysis indicated that leaf gas exchange factors, such as Pn and Tr, and morphological factors, such as W/L and LA, were the primary parameters influencing PM adsorption in all cultivars and species tested. Pn, Tr, and W/L showed a positive correlation with PM accumulation, whereas LA was negatively correlated.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma C, Xie P, Zhang K, Yang J, Li X, Liu F, Lin L, Zhang H. Contribution of the flag leaf to lead absorption in wheat grain at the grain-filling stage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112722. [PMID: 34478986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat flag leaf (FL) is one of the primary sources of carbohydrates in grains; however, its role in grain lead (Pb) absorption remains unclear. A field experiment was conducted to assess the relative contribution of the FL to Pb accumulation in wheat grain by two contrasting treatments: without (CK) and with FL removal (FLR) at the grain-filling stage. The Pb concentration in leaves was closely related to leaf strata and decreased from FL to the third leaf. FLR treatment significantly reduced the yield and grain Pb concentration by 2.79% and 11.47%, respectively. The contribution of FL to grain Pb accumulation decreased gradually with the filling process, from 35.08% (at early stage) to 13.94% (at maturity stage). After FLR, the contribution proportion of atmospheric fallout to grain Pb decreased from 69.01% (CK) to 62.43% (FLR). Combined isotope analysis with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) revealed that the main contribution of FLs to grain Pb originated from Pb fallout in fine atmospheric particles. Therefore, taking measures to reduce the influence of fine atmospheric particles on wheat may be an effective way to control wheat grain Pb contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xuanzhen Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bashir I, War AF, Rafiq I, Reshi ZA, Rashid I, Shouche YS. Phyllosphere microbiome: Diversity and functions. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126888. [PMID: 34700185 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phyllosphere or aerial surface of plants represents the globally largest and peculiar microbial habitat that inhabits diverse and rich communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, nematodes, and protozoans. These hyperdiverse microbial communities are related to the host's specific functional traits and influence the host's physiology and the ecosystem's functioning. In the last few years, significant advances have been made in unravelling several aspects of phyllosphere microbiology, including diversity and microbial community composition, dynamics, and functional interactions. This review highlights the current knowledge about the assembly, structure, and composition of phyllosphere microbial communities across spatio-temporal scales, besides functional significance of different microbial communities to the plant host and the surrounding environment. The knowledge will help develop strategies for modelling and manipulating these highly beneficial microbial consortia for furthering scientific inquiry into their interactions with the host plants and also for their useful and economic utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Aadil Farooq War
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iflah Rafiq
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu L, Yan Q, Lin Y, Zhen Z, Liu L, Duan Y. Selective retention of particulate matter by nine plant species in central Shanxi Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35902-35910. [PMID: 33682054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves can accumulate particulate matter (PM) from the air, thus mitigating air pollution. Nine plant species from the central part of Shanxi Province, China, were investigated to characterize differences in their PM retention capacity and the grain sizes of the collected PM. Styphnolobium japonicum, Syringa oblata, and Cerasus serrulata demonstrated strong retention capacity for PM particles of diverse size fractions. Philadelphus incanus, Viburnum opulus, and Yulania biondii had relatively weak retention capacity for overall and fine PM. Generally, species with smaller leaves and roughness surfaces, waxy leaves, or leaves with hair had strong PM retention capacity. Leaves with suitable groove widths better retained fine PM. Foliar dust observed on leaves presented multimodal distribution curves, including bimodal, trimodal, and four-peak distributions, which differed from the trimodal distribution of natural dustfall. The different PM retention capacities of the nine investigated species and the differing grain sizes between foliar dust and atmospheric dustfall indicated that plant leaves could selectively retain PM. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the use of the plant to mitigate particulate air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuai Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Qian Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongchong Lin
- School of History and Geography, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhilei Zhen
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yonghong Duan
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li X, Zhang T, Sun F, Song X, Zhang Y, Huang F, Yuan C, Yu H, Zhang G, Qi F, Shao F. The relationship between particulate matter retention capacity and leaf surface micromorphology of ten tree species in Hangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144812. [PMID: 33736168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the main environmental air pollutants, but it can be retained and adsorbed by plants. To systematically and comprehensively conduct qualitative and quantitative research on the relationship between the leaf PM retention ability and the microstructure of leaf surfaces, this study evaluated the PM retention abilities of ten common tree species (1860 leaf pieces in total) in the greenbelts around the Lin'an toll station of the Hang-Rui Expressway in Hangzhou, China, in October 2019. The leaf surface roughness and contact angle were measured with confocal laser scanning microscopy and a contact angle measuring instrument. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to collect data on the stomata and groove morphology. The PM retention ability of the leaves was assessed by quantifying the PM mass and number density on the leaves. The results revealed that Platanus acerifolia and Sapindus mukorossi had a strong ability to retain particulates of different sizes. The mass of the retained PM2.5 on their leaves accounted for the lowest proportion (mean: 8.12%) among the total retained particulate mass, but the number density of the retained PM2.5 accounted for the highest proportion (mean: 97.49%) among the total number density. A significant negative correlation between the PM2.5 mass and the groove width on the adaxial surface (R2 = 0.746, P < 0.05) and a significant positive correlation between the roughness and the PM number density on the adaxial surface (R2 = 0.702, P < 0.01) were observed. No obvious correlations were found among the groove width, roughness and number density of the retained PM on the abaxial surface. Leaf surfaces with dense and narrow grooves, strip-like projections, high roughness and high wettability had strong retention abilities. This study can provide a theoretical reference for selecting plants with strong PM retention ability for green urban garden design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Tianran Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fengbin Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ximing Song
- Wulanchabu Administration Station of Wildlife and Wetland Conservation, Wulanchabu Administration of Forestry and Grassland, Wulanchabu, Neimenggu 012000, China
| | - Yinke Zhang
- Hangzhou Botanical Garden (Hangzhou West Lake Academy of Landscape Science), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chuyang Yuan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Hui Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Guihao Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Feng Qi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Feng Shao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Su TH, Lin CS, Lin JC, Liu CP. Dry deposition of particulate matter and its associated soluble ions on five broadleaved species in Taichung, central Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141788. [PMID: 32891991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have estimated particulate matter (PM) removal by urban trees using dry deposition models; however, few studies have quantified the accuracy of their results. Thus, this study investigated the dry deposition of PM and its associated soluble ions in five broadleaved species in three districts of Taichung, central Taiwan, through field experiments. The total suspended particulate (TSP) dry deposition flux on leaf surfaces varied with sampling time, site, and tree species. By contrast, single-factor effects were observed for PM10 and PM2.5. The average dry deposition velocities of TSPs, PM10, and PM2.5 were 0.63, 0.062, and 0.028 cm s-1, respectively. Moreover, the dry deposition velocities of sulfate and nitrate were estimated to be 0.186 and 0.194 cm s-1, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the ambient concentration and the dry deposition flux for all size fractions of PM. By contrast, weak and negative correlations were found between particle deposition velocity and wind speed. The measured PM2.5 dry deposition velocity was approximately equal to the dry deposition velocity obtained with the i-Tree model (0.03 cm s-1), which indicated the promising application potential of i-Tree in Taiwan. Compound and rough leaves, such as leaves of the Taiwan golden-rain tree, intercepted a high amount of PM2.5, whereas the pongam tree, which has thin leaves and wax surfaces, exhibited the lowest TSP interception. Species difference mostly occurred in the dry deposition flux of nitrate rather than sulfate; however, the interception of sulfate by trees revealed the possibility of the long-range transport of air pollutants. The results of this study elucidate the dry deposition of PM and its associated soluble ions in real-world situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Su
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiung-Pin Liu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40254, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tomson M, Kumar P, Barwise Y, Perez P, Forehead H, French K, Morawska L, Watts JF. Green infrastructure for air quality improvement in street canyons. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106288. [PMID: 33395936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Street canyons are generally highly polluted urban environments due to high traffic emissions and impeded dispersion. Green infrastructure (GI) is one potential passive control system for air pollution in street canyons, yet optimum GI design is currently unclear. This review consolidates findings from previous research on GI in street canyons and assesses the suitability of different GI forms in terms of local air quality improvement. Studies on the effects of various GI options (trees, hedges, green walls, green screens and green roofs) are critically evaluated, findings are synthesised, and possible recommendations are summarised. In addition, various measurement methods used for quantifying the effectiveness of street greening for air pollution reduction are analysed. Finally, we explore the findings of studies that have compared plant species for pollution mitigation. We conclude that the influences of different GI options on air quality in street canyons depend on street canyon geometry, meteorological conditions and vegetation characteristics. Green walls, green screens and green roofs are potentially viable GI options in existing street canyons, where there is typically a lack of available planting space. Particle deposition to leaves is usually quantified by leaf washing experiments or by microscopy imaging techniques, the latter of which indicates size distribution and is more accurate. The pollutant reduction capacity of a plant species largely depends on its macromorphology in relation to the physical environment. Certain micromorphological leaf traits also positively correlate with deposition, including grooves, ridges, trichomes, stomatal density and epicuticular wax amount. The complexity of street canyon environments and the limited number of previous studies on novel forms of GI in street canyons mean that offering specific recommendations is currently unfeasible. This review highlights a need for further research, particularly on green walls and green screens, to substantiate their efficacy and investigate technical considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Tomson
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Yendle Barwise
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Perez
- SMART Infrastructure Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522 NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh Forehead
- SMART Infrastructure Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522 NSW, Australia
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522 NSW, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - John F Watts
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Javanmard Z, Kouchaksaraei MT, Hosseini SM, Pandey AK. Assessment of anticipated performance index of some deciduous plant species under dust air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38987-38994. [PMID: 32638309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green vegetation improvement is an economical strategy to mitigate dust air pollution. The anticipated performance index (API) is considered a main criterion to select the suitable plants of urban forests. API is calculated by taking air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and socio-economic and biological aspects into account. In the present work, API of four current deciduous tree species in urban areas of Iran was evaluated. The seedlings were soil-dusted by a dust simulator in plastic chambers at levels of 0, 300, 750, and 1500 μg/m3 at intervals of 1 week for 70 days. At 750 and 1500 μg/m3 dust concentrations (DCs), greatest dust collection capacity was observed with Morus alba and the lowest one with Melia azedarach. Increasing DC declined APTI of all species. At 750 μg/m3 DC, only Morus was tolerant, but at 1500 μg/m3 DC, this species and Melia were categorized as intermediate, and Celtis caucasica and Fraxinus rotundifolia as sensitive. Morus was assessed as a good performer under two higher DC. Celtis was recognized as a moderate under 750 μg/m3 DC and poor performer under 1500 μg/m3 DC. Thus, Celtis can be considered as a biomonitor for air quality or as sink for dust in high dusty areas because of its high capacity of dust deposition. At two higher DCs, Fraxinus and Melia showed very poor and poor performance; planting these species in high dust areas is not recommended. In contrast, Morus is the most suitable tree species for urban green spaces in dusty regions, due to its high dust collection capacity and high APTI and API values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Javanmard
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Tabari Kouchaksaraei
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Earth Science, School of Earth Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, P.O. Banasthali, Rajasthan, Bharat 304022, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Surface-Based Analysis of Leaf Microstructures for Adsorbing and Retaining Capability of Airborne Particulate Matter in Ten Woody Species. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11090946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated surface-based analysis for assessing the possible relationship between the microstructural properties and particulate matter (i.e., two size fractions of PM2.5 and PM10) adsorption efficiencies of their leaf surfaces on ten woody species. We focused on the effect of PM adsorption capacity between micro-morphological features on leaf surfaces using a scanning electron microscope and a non-contact surface profiler as an example. The species with higher adsorption of PM10 on leaf surfaces were Korean boxwood (Buxus koreana Nakai ex Chung & al.) and evergreen spindle (Euonymus japonicus Thunb.), followed by yulan magnolia (Magnolia denudata Desr.), Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc.), Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume), retusa fringetree (Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton), maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba L.), and royal azalea (Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim.). There was a higher capacity for the adsorption of PM2.5 on the leaf surfaces of B. koreana and T. cuspidata, followed by A. turbinata, C. retusus, E. japonicus, G. biloba, and M. denudata. In wax layer tests, T. cuspidata, A. turbinata, R. schlippenbachii, and C. retusus showed a statistically higher PM2.5 capturing capacity than the other species. Different types of trichomes were distributed on the adaxial and abaxial leaves of A. turbinata, C. retusus, M. denudata, pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott), B. koreana, and R. schlippenbachii; however, these trichomes were absent on both sides of the leaves of G. biloba, tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), E. japonicus, and T. cuspidata. Importantly, leaf surfaces of G. biloba and S. japonicum with dense or thick epicuticular leaf waxes and deeper roughness revealed lower PM adsorption. Based on the overall performance of airborne PM capture efficiency, evergreen species such as B. koreana, T. cuspidata, and E. japonicus showed the best results, whereas S. japonicum and L. tulipifera had the lowest capture. In particular, evergreen shrub species showed higher PM2.5 depositions inside the inner wall of stomata or the periphery of guard cells. Therefore, in leaf microstructural factors, stomatal size may be related to notably high PM2.5 holding capacities on leaf surfaces, but stomatal density, trichome density, and roughness had a limited effect on PM adsorption. Finally, our findings indicate that surface-based microstructures are necessarily not a correlation for corresponding estimates with leaf PM adsorption.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang X, Lin X, Yang S, Zhang J, Chen J. Automobile exhaust particles retention capacity assessment of two common garden plants in different seasons in the Yangtze River Delta using open-top chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114560. [PMID: 32311637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a serious environmental problem in most of the cities in the Yangtze River Delta region. Plants can effectively filter ambient air by adsorbing PM. However, only a few studies have paid attention to the dynamic changes and seasonal differences in particle retention capacities of plants under long-term pollution. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in particle retention capabilities of the evergreen, broad-leaved, greening plants-Euonymus japonicus var. aurea-marginatus and Pittosporum tobira-in spring and summer. We employed an open-top chamber to simulate the severity of the tail gas pollution. The results showed that, both the plants reached a saturated state in 18-21 days, under continuous exposure to pollution (daily concentration of PM2.5: 214.64 ± 321.33 μg·cm-3). This was 6-8 days longer than that in the field experiments. In spring, the maximum retention of total particulate matter per unit leaf area of E. japonicus var. aurea-marginatus and P. tobira was 188.47 ± 3.72 μg cm-2 (18 days) and 67.63 ± 2.86 μg cm-2 (21 days), respectively. In summer, E. japonicus var. aurea-marginatus and P. tobira reached the maximum retention of the particle on the 21st day, with a net increase of 94.10 ± 3.77 μg cm-2 and 27.81 ± 3.57 μg cm-2, respectively. Irrespective of season, the particle retention capacity of E. japonicus var. aurea-marginatus was higher than that of P. tobira, and it showed a better effect on reducing the concentration of fine particles in the atmosphere. The particle retention of the two plants was higher in spring than that in summer. E. japonicus var. aurea-marginatus displayed a significant difference in particle retention between the seasons, while P. tobira did not show much difference. These results will provide a foundation for future studies on the dynamic changes and mechanism of particle retention in plants and management practices by employing plants for particle retention in severely polluted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Center for Forest Resource Monitoring of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Xintao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Elkaee S, Moeinaddini M, Shirvany A. Source identification and pollution degree of deposited dust on green space in Tehran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:535. [PMID: 32696188 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The information about concentration, sources, and pollution degree of heavy metals belong to deposited dust (DS) can be used for decision-making in air quality control, removal role of green space, and urban forest management. The objectives of the study were to identify and evaluate DS pollution degree with the introduction of a new index. DS samples were collected from five tree species. The concentration of heavy metals and pollution degree of DS were evaluated by enrichment factors (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), modified degrees of contamination (mCd), and a new comprehensive index as weighted degree of contamination factor (wCd). The values of EF showed that all samples were significant to extremely high enrichment and DS samples were emitted from anthropogenic activities. Igeo values indicated that DS samples were polluted by Cd (80-97%) and Pb (100%). In addition, mCd results showed more than 67% of samples were unpolluted. There was a clear fact that Igeo results showed high pollution levels for Pb, Cd, and low for Ni, and the mCd results were incompatible with them. When all heavy metals were used without their importance to mCd, calculation can cause bias from reality. For this reason, the new index was suggested as wCd for all heavy metals that its results showed high to very high degree of pollution and that it was compatible with other indices results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Elkaee
- Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mazaher Moeinaddini
- Department of Environmental science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Anoushirvan Shirvany
- Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim JJ, Park J, Jung SY, Lee SJ. Effect of trichome structure of Tillandsia usneoides on deposition of particulate matter under flow conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122401. [PMID: 32155521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The removal of particulate matters (PM) has emerged as one of the most significant issues in public health and environment worldwide. Environmentalists have proposed the use of indoor air-purifying plants as an eco-friendly strategy to resolve PM-related problems and effectively remove fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Among air-purifying plants, Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (T. usneoides) has been used as a biomonitor for heavy metals and air pollutants. However, the PM removal effect of T. usneoides and its primary mechanism remain unclear. Here, we investigated the PM removal performance of T. usneoides in a closed chamber under flow conditions, the effects of trichomes, and the array density according to the different types of PM. The chamber with bulk T. usneoides under flow conditions exhibited 16.5 % and 9.2 % higher removal efficiency in PM2.5T. usneoides for incense and A1 rigid PM, respectively, than that without T. usneoides. T. usneoides with trichome structure exhibited larger removal efficiencies of 7% and 2% in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, than without trichome for incense particles. In addition, the increase in total effective surface was effective for the deposition of both PM types. The increase in effective surface area by trichome structure and array density of T. usneoides is a crucial factor for the deposition of PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sung Yong Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Roy A, Bhattacharya T, Kumari M. Air pollution tolerance, metal accumulation and dust capturing capacity of common tropical trees in commercial and industrial sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137622. [PMID: 32199354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Total nine tree species of common tropical trees were assessed for their air pollution tolerance, dust capturing capacity and possibility to act as metal bio-monitors in commercial, industrial and control sites. Two seasons sampling was done respectively in monsoon and post-monsoon, to study their seasonal variations. According to Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) values Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica and Ficus religiosa were the most tolerant species while Ficus bengalensis and Alstonia scholaris were intermediately tolerant towards air pollution. Single factor ANOVA of biochemical parameters between the sampling sites, revealed that APTI of plants did not vary significantly in both the seasons. Site-wise variation was significant both at commercial and industrial sites. The same trend of result was also found in Anticipated Performance Index (API) which also includes other social benefits. So, these species can be recommended for the green belt development in urban commercial and industrial areas. Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa and Mangifera indica were also having the best dust capturing capacity as Scanning Electron Microscope image revealed that they have rough and large surface area of leaf with short petiole and large canopy structure. According to the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and Enrichment Factor (EF) of soil in the sampling sites were found to be contaminated with copper and cadmium. Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica, Alstonia scholaris and Ficus religiosa were found to be good phytoextractors of copper. They did not accumulate cadmium. So, these plants can be recommended as copper bioindicators. However, the metals accumulation efficiencies were high for Mangifera indica and Ficus religiosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Mala Kumari
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Paull NJ, Krix D, Irga PJ, Torpy FR. Airborne particulate matter accumulation on common green wall plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:594-606. [PMID: 31814450 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1696744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to better design greening systems for effective particulate matter (PM) removal, it is important to understand the impact leaf traits have on PM deposition. There are however, inconsistences amongst the leaf traits that have previously been correlated with PM accumulation. The aim of this paper was to identify vegetation characteristics of green wall plants that were associated with the accumulation of particulate matter. To determine patterns associated with different leaf morphologies, eleven common ornamental plant species were sampled across 15 sites, over a 6 month duration. PM deposition was determined gravimetrically and its associated size fractions determined microscopically. Linear mixed models were used to identify statistical patterns relating to differences in PM deposition across plant species. PM deposition and the relative frequencies of particle size fractions were found to be statistically different among species, sites and months. Green wall plants were shown to be effective at PM accumulation as all of the assessed plant species had equivalent PM removal efficiency, with minimal evidence of influential leaf characteristics that could enhance PM removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Paull
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Krix
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter J Irga
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fraser R Torpy
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chiam Z, Song XP, Lai HR, Tan HTW. Particulate matter mitigation via plants: Understanding complex relationships with leaf traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:398-408. [PMID: 31247483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) pose health risks to populations living in many cities worldwide. To remediate the impact of air pollution, urban greening has been increasingly explored as a possible way to remove PM from the surroundings. However, existing research focuses mainly on species-specific assessments within temperate climates that may not necessarily grow outside of their local regions. To address sampling limitations associated with the great species diversity in the tropics, our study quantified three key functional traits-leaf hairiness, average leaf area (ALA) and specific leaf area (SLA)-each spanning a wide range of values across 20 tropical species. Wind-tunnel experiments were used to assess surface deposition velocity on leaves; the size fractions PM10 and PM2.5 were measured through multiple rounds of filtration and gravimetric analysis. The effects of upper- and lower-surfaces of leaves on deposition velocity and their interactions with hairiness were also investigated. Results show that greater upper-surface hairiness and a low SLA were consistent predictors of higher deposition velocity for both PM-size fractions. Hairs on leaves serve as obstacles while low SLA tends to be associated with smaller and thicker leaves, together favoring the deposition and retention of PM. The possible mechanisms behind important plant traits and their interactions are discussed. By testing quantifiable effects of specific plant traits, we provide generalizable findings that may be applied to urban greening efforts. Future work to consider other gaseous pollutants and plant-scale effects can help ensure a more comprehensive evaluation of plant suitability for pollutant mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Chiam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Xiao Ping Song
- Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, 117566, Singapore; ETH Zurich, Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, 1 Create Way, Create Tower, #06-01, 138602, Singapore.
| | - Hao Ran Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117542, Singapore; Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, 138527, Singapore.
| | - Hugh Tiang Wah Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117542, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
El-Khatib AA, Barakat NA, Youssef NA, Samir NA. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals air pollutants by urban trees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:210-222. [PMID: 31432685 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1652883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf and bark of trees are tools for assessing the effects of the heavy metals pollution and monitoring the environmental air quality. In this study, the possibility of using leaves and bark of two urban trees, namely, Ficus nitida and Eucalyptus globulus as a bioindicator of atmospheric pollution was evaluated by determining the composition of heavy elements in the tree leaves, bark, soil, and the atmospheric dust. Two common tree species, namely, F. nitida and E. globulus were selected in the heavily industrial zone of surrounding Minya governorate, Upper Egypt. Two urban areas with heavy traffic load (sites 1 and 2), three industrial zones (sites 3, 4, and 5) and an uncontaminated area as a control were selected (site 6). Sampling from leaf, bark, soil, deposited dust of trees was carried out in winter and summer seasons (from November 2016 to March 2017). The concentrations of heavy metals in dust, soil, leaves, and bark possess the same trend: Pb>Cu>Cd. The highest concentration of cadmium, lead, and copper was found in the leaf of F. nitida and E. globulus higher than bark samples of the studied species, supporting the idea suggesting that tree leaves can be used as a good indicator of heavy metals accumulation. A high and statistically significant correlation (p < .05) was found between Pb concentrations in the atmospheric dust and those in the leaves of both species throughout the two growing seasons, confirming that the main source of incorporated Pb is the atmospheric dust. Otherwise, the obtained results showed that F. nitida tree does not seem to be a good accumulator of Cu. According to the obtained results, F. nitida and E. globulus trees are more likely to capture cadmium and lead from air, so planting these trees in industrial areas with such atmospheric pollutants would be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali El-Khatib
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Nasser A Barakat
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Youssef
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Nesrin A Samir
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Forests and Environmental Change, Faculty of Forestry, Toronto University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ryu J, Kim JJ, Byeon H, Go T, Lee SJ. Removal of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) via atmospheric humidity caused by evapotranspiration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:253-259. [PMID: 30439635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of particulate matter (PM) has emerged as one of the most significant challenges in public health and environment protection worldwide. To address PM-related problems and effectively remove fine particulate matter (PM2.5), environmentalists proposed tree planting and afforestation as eco-friendly strategies. However, the PM removal effect of plants and its primary mechanism remains uncertain. In this study, we experimentally investigated the PM removal performance of five plant species in a closed chamber and the effects of relative humidity (RH) caused by plant evapotranspiration, as a governing parameter. On the basis of the PM removal test for various plant species, we selected Epipremnum aureum (Scindapsus) as a representative plant to identify the PM removal efficiency depending on evapotranspiration and particle type. Results showed that Scindapsus yielded a high PM removal efficiency for smoke type PM2.5 under active transpiration. We examined the correlation of PM removal and relative humidity (RH) and evaluated the increased effect of RH on PM2.5 removal by using a plant-inspired in vitro model. Based on the present results, the increase of RH due to evapotranspiration is crucial to the reduction of PM2.5 using plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Byeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Taesik Go
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Y, Wang S, Chen Q. Potential of Thirteen Urban Greening Plants to Capture Particulate Matter on Leaf Surfaces across Three Levels of Ambient Atmospheric Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030402. [PMID: 30708968 PMCID: PMC6388257 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of urban greening plants to capture particulate matter (PM) from the ambient atmosphere is contingent on interactions between the level of pollution and leaf surfaces. For this study, thirteen plant species were investigated to quantify their capacity of PM accumulation under three atmospheric environments, that is, industrial, traffic and university campus (control), in Kunming City (Southwest China). The sampled sites represented different pollution levels (that is, high pollution, slight pollution and clean air, respectively). The plant species differed in their accumulation of PM by six- to eight-fold across the three sites. Magnolia grandiflora was the most efficient evergreen tree species, whereas Platanus acerifolia had the highest capture of PM among deciduous trees. The accumulation capacity of the same species varied with the degree of pollution. For example, Osmanthus fragrans, Loropetalum chinense and Cinnamomum japonicum were highly efficient for the capture of PM in the traffic and university campus areas; however, they exhibited medium accumulation in the industrial area. Prunus majestica demonstrated an intermediate accumulation capacity in the industrial area, but was low in the traffic and university campus areas. The capturing capacity of the same genus was also different among the different levels of pollution. For example, C. japonicum had a 2.9⁻4.2-times higher PM accumulation than did C. camphora across the three sites. There were significant differences in leaf surface area, stomata density/length, guard cell area, and trichome density/length among these species. The species-specific efficacy of PM capture was primarily contributed to by leaf size and surface roughness, stomata density, and trichome length. In particular, hairy-leaf leaves with medium stomatal density exhibited higher PM capture. Therefore, leaf micromorphology, leaf size and longevity appeared to be significant predictive factors for the accumulation of PM, which may aid in the selection of greening plant species for the remediation of pollutants in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- College of Ecology and Soil & Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Shaojun Wang
- College of Ecology and Soil & Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Qibo Chen
- College of Ecology and Soil & Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leng X, Qian X, Yang M, Wang C, Li H, Wang J. Leaf magnetic properties as a method for predicting heavy metal concentrations in PM 2.5 using support vector machine: A case study in Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:922-930. [PMID: 30373037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a method for predicting heavy metal concentrations in PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm) using support vector machine (SVM) models combined with magnetic properties of leaves. In this study, PM2.5 samples and the leaves of three common evergreen tree species were collected simultaneously during four different seasons in Nanjing, China. A SVM algorithm was used to establish models for the prediction of airborne heavy metal concentrations based on leaf magnetic properties, with or without meteorological factors and pollutant concentrations as input variables. Results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentration was 58.47 μg/m3. PM2.5 concentrations, leaf magnetic properties, and nearly all airborne heavy metals had higher concentrations in winter than in spring, summer, or fall. Ferrimagnetic minerals preponderant in dust-loaded leaves were sampled from the three tree species. Models using magnetic properties of leaves from Ligustrum lucidum Ait and Osmanthus fragrans Lour yielded better prediction effects than those based on the leaves of Cedar deodara G. Don, showing relatively higher correlation coefficient (R) values and lower errors in both training and test stages. Fe and Pb concentrations were well-simulated by the prediction models, with R values > 0.7 in both training and test stages. By contrast, the concentrations of V, Co, Sb, Tl, and Zn were relatively poor-simulated, with most R values < 0.7 in both training and test stages. Predictions for the main urban areas of Nanjing showed that the highest heavy metal concentrations occurred near industrial and traffic pollution sources. Our results provide a cost-effective approach for the prediction of airborne heavy metal concentrations based on the biomagnetic monitoring of tree leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang'zi Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Forest Floor Leaf Cover as a Barrier for Dust Accumulation in Tai National Park: Implications for Primate Dental Wear Studies. INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Liu J, Yan G, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang M. Wetlands with greater degree of urbanization improve PM2.5 removal efficiency. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:601-611. [PMID: 29843037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, China has experienced both rapid urbanization and heavy air pollution and the rapid urbanization trend would be continue in the next decade. Wetlands have been shown to be efficient in particle removal, primarily through dry deposition and leaf accumulation. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of PM2.5 removal by wetlands during urbanization processes could inform urban planning. In the current study, three wetland plots, Cuihu Lake Park (CL), Summer Palace (SP), and Olympic Park (OP), were selected as low, medium, and highly degrees of urbanization site respectively based on the proportions of building and traffic district areas to compare the removal efficiencies. Results show the average dry deposition velocity in OP was significantly higher than CL and SP. Dry deposition is mainly influenced by meteorological conditions. Buildings and other infrastructure make the meteorological conditions conducive to deposition, resulting in higher wind velocity, higher temperature, and more intense turbulence between buildings. Variation in leaf accumulation was not statistically significant between the three plots, and plant species was the major factor affecting the amount of accumulation. The dry deposition contribution to particle removal increases with degree of urbanization. The average dry deposition accounted for 39.74%, 52.55%, and 62.75% at low, middle and high level respectively. Therefore, Wetlands with greater degree of urbanization improve PM2.5 removal efficiency primarily by accelerating the dry deposition process. The result emphasizes the importance of wetlands in particle removal in highly urbanized areas and thus more wetlands should be preserved and/or created during urban expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Liu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN, China
| | - Guoxin Yan
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN, China.
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ye L, Huang M, Zhong B, Wang X, Tu Q, Sun H, Wang C, Wu L, Chang M. Wet and dry deposition fluxes of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta Region (China): Characteristics, ecological risk assessment, and source apportionment. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 70:106-123. [PMID: 30037397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric deposition of heavy metals poses serious risks to the ecological system and human health. To advance our knowledge of atmospheric dry/wet heavy metal deposition in the PRD region, monthly fluxes were examined based on soluble/insoluble fractions of five heavy metal elements (Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn) in samples collected from January 2014 to December 2015 at Guangzhou (urban) and Dinghushan (suburban) sites. The ratios of wet/dry deposition fluxes indicated that heavy metal deposition was governed by wet deposition rather than dry deposition in the PRD region. Affected by the shifting of the Asian monsoon, wet deposition fluxes exhibited significant seasonal variation between summer monsoon seasons (April to September) and winter monsoon seasons (October to February) in this region. Cd was classified as an extremely strong potential ecological risk based on solubility and the Hakanson ecological risk index. Source contributions to wet deposition were calculated by PMF, suggesting that dust, biomass burning, industries, vehicles, long-range transport and marine aerosol sources in Guangzhou, and Zn fertilizers, marine aerosol sources, agriculture, incense burning, biomass burning, vehicles and the ceramics industry in Dinghushan, were the potential sources of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyumeng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minjuan Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Buqing Zhong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qiulan Tu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Luolin Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hariram M, Sahu R, Elumalai SP. Impact Assessment of Atmospheric Dust on Foliage Pigments and Pollution Resistances of Plants Grown Nearby Coal Based Thermal Power Plants. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:56-70. [PMID: 28879476 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant species grown in the vicinity of thermal power plants (TPP) are one of the immobile substrates to sink most of the pollutants emitted from their stacks. The continuous exposure of toxic pollutants to these plants may affect their resistances and essential biochemical's concentrations. In the present study, we estimated the impact of dust load generated by a TPPs to plant's dust retention capacity and pollution resistances (APTI and API). The observed ambient air quality index (AQI) showed that the surroundings of TPPs are in the severe air pollution category. Observed AQI was greater than 100 in the surrounding area of TPP. The mean dust load on plant foliage was significantly greater in the polluted site compared with the control site: 4.45 ± 1.96 versus 1.38 ± 0.41 mg cm-2. Nearby, TPP highest and lowest dust load were founded in F. benghalensis (7.58 ± 0.74) and F. religiosa (2.25 ± 0.12 mg cm-2) respectively. Analysis revealed the strong negative correlation between dust load and essential pigments of foliage, such as chlorophyll content, carotenoids, pH of foliage extract, and relative water content. Conversely, strong positive correlation was observed with the ascorbic acid content of plant species. Correlation and percentage change analysis in ascorbic acid content for the polluted site against the control site showed the adverse impact on plants due to dust load. Based on their responses to dust pollution, A. scholaris, P. longifolia, and M. indica were observed as most suitable plant species. Estimation of DRC, chlorophyll a/b ratio, APTI and API revealed the A. scholaris, F. benghalensis, P. longifolia, and M. indica as the most suitable plant species for green belt formation. The high gradation was obtained in A. scholaris, F. benghalensis, P. longifolia, and M. indica for opted parameters and showed their most suitability for green belt formation. Salient features of the present study provide useful evidences to estimate the combined effect of DRC and pollution resistances of plant species on green belt establishment for long-term environmental management around industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Hariram
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Ravi Sahu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Suresh Pandian Elumalai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun X, Li H, Guo X, Sun Y, Li S. Capacity of six shrub species to retain atmospheric particulates with different diameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2643-2650. [PMID: 29134522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Garden plants can absorb and retain atmospheric particles and are important for remediating environmental pollution. In this study, the dust retention characteristics of six typical shrub species were measured in the greenbelt of a road in the Chengyang District of Qingdao, China, and the maximum capacity for dust retention of each species was determined. The different diameters and areas occupied by particulate matter (PM) were analyzed on the leaf surfaces of the plants. Based on the results for the six shrub species, the rank order of average content of dust retention per unit leaf area was Euonymus japonicus > Pyracantha fortuneana > Ligustrum vicaryi > Amygdalus triloba > Ligustrum sinense > Forsythia suspensa, whereas the rank order of average content per unit volume was E. japonicus > A. triloba > P. fortuneana > L. vicaryi > L. sinense > F. suspensa. The maximum content of dust retention per unit leaf area was reached in approximately 24 days. Plants retained atmospheric PM primarily on the upper leaf surfaces. The primary portion of particles on the leaves was PM10 (over 80%), and PM2.5 was the principal component of PM10. Leaf surface structure significantly affected the abilities of plants to retain PM, and the plants with a thick wax layer or large and dense stomata adsorbed more PM, such as E. japonicus. This study provides a scientific basis for the capacity of landscape plants to retain different diameter particulates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Haimei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yingkun Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shimei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cai M, Xin Z, Yu X. Spatio-temporal variations in PM leaf deposition: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:207-218. [PMID: 28802990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution in urban cities is of great concern for public health due to its global and adverse effect of human health while ecosystems function and vegetation control is an effective and eco-friendly way to alleviate PM pollution. We reviewed 150 studies conducted in 15 countries that were published between 1960 and 2016 and used a meta-analysis to examine the time trends and regional differences in leaf deposited PM of urban greening plants. The results suggested that the weekly PM leaf deposition varied markedly with both plant species and space-time and the average value was 1.71 ± 0.05 g m-2·wk-1, and the variations occurred because of vegetation factors, characteristics of the PM source and meteorological factors. Moreover, fine particulate matter accounts for the minimum proportion of the total PM mass but its number ratio is maximum, more than 90% of the total number of particles. This meta-analysis illustrated the spatio-temporal trends and variations in PM leaf deposition and the influencing factors, which provides a scientific basis for the mechanism of PM deposition on leaf surface as well as plant selection and configuration in urban greening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Cai
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhongbao Xin
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xinxiao Yu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Leng X, Wang C, Li H, Qian X, Wang J, Sun Y. Response of magnetic properties to metal deposition on urban green in Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25315-25328. [PMID: 28932943 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental magnetism is a simple and fast method that can be used to assess heavy metal pollution in urban areas from the relationships between magnetic properties and heavy metal concentrations. Leaves of Osmanthus fragrans, one of the most widely distributed evergreen trees in Nanjing, China, were collected from four different district types, i.e., residential, educational, traffic, and industrial. The magnetic properties and heavy metal concentrations were measured both for unwashed (dust-loaded) and washed leaves. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that unwashed leaves accumulated much dust due to atmospheric deposition. The value of magnetic properties and heavy metal concentrations in unwashed leaves was significantly higher than those of washed leaves, indicating that these characteristics were mainly derived from atmospheric particulate matter. Saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) values obtained from unwashed and washed leaves ranged from 209.14 × 10-6 to 877.85 × 10-6 Am2 kg-1 and from 69.50 × 10-6 to 501.28 × 10-6 Am2 kg-1, respectively. High concentrations of heavy metals, such as Pb and Fe, the Tomlinson pollution load index, and the SIRM of unwashed leaves occurred in the traffic and industrial districts. A preliminary principal component analysis identified the source categories and suggested that industrial activities may be more related to the release of particulate matter rich in Fe. The heavy metal concentrations and pollution load index showed significant positive correlations with the low-frequency magnetic susceptibility and SIRM of unwashed leaves, indicating that these properties can be used to semi-quantify atmospheric heavy metal pollution. Our study suggests that it is possible to employ magnetic measurements as a useful tool for the monitoring and assessment of atmospheric heavy metal pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang'zi Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shahid M, Dumat C, Khalid S, Schreck E, Xiong T, Niazi NK. Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 325:36-58. [PMID: 27915099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthropologic activities have transformed global biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals by emitting considerable quantities of these metals into the atmosphere from diverse sources. In spite of substantial and progressive developments in industrial processes and techniques to reduce environmental emissions, atmospheric contamination by toxic heavy metals and associated ecological and health risks are still newsworthy. Atmospheric heavy metals may be absorbed via foliar organs of plants after wet or dry deposition of atmospheric fallouts on plant canopy. Unlike root metal transfer, which has been largely studied, little is known about heavy metal uptake by plant leaves from the atmosphere. To the best of our understanding, significant research gaps exist regarding foliar heavy metal uptake. This is the first review regarding biogeochemical behaviour of heavy metals in atmosphere-plant system. The review summarizes the mechanisms involved in foliar heavy metal uptake, transfer, compartmentation, toxicity and in plant detoxification. We have described the biological and environmental factors that affect foliar uptake of heavy metals and compared the biogeochemical behaviour (uptake, translocation, compartmentation, toxicity and detoxification) of heavy metals for root and foliar uptake. The possible health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metal-laced food are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Eva Schreck
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse CNRS, IRD, 14 avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Tiantian Xiong
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang PQ, Liu YJ, Chen X, Yang Z, Zhu MH, Li YP. Pollution resistance assessment of existing landscape plants on Beijing streets based on air pollution tolerance index method. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:212-23. [PMID: 27326901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Various plant species of green belt in urban traffic area help to reduce air pollution and beautify the city environment. Those plant species growing healthily under long-term atmospheric pollution environment are considered to be resilient. This study aims to identify plant species that are more tolerant to air pollution from traffic and to give recommendations for future green belt development in urban areas. Leaf samples of 47 plant species were collected from two heavy traffic roadside sites and one suburban site in Beijing during summer 2014. Four parameters in leaves were separately measured including relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll content (TCH), leaf-extract pH (pH), and ascorbic acid (AA). The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) method was adopted to assess plants' resistance ability based on the above four parameters. The tolerant levels of plant species were classified using two methods, one by comparing the APTI value of individual plant to the average of all species and another by using fixed APTI values as standards. Tolerant species were then selected based on combination results from both methods. The results showed that different tolerance orders of species has been found at the three sampling sites due to varied air pollution and other environmental conditions. In general, plant species Magnolia denudata, Diospyros kaki, Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus chinensis and Rosa chinensis were identified as tolerant species to air pollution environment and recommend to be planted at various location of the city, especially at heavy traffic roadside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Qian Zhang
- The Department of Ecology Research, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Nan Haizi, Daxing district, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan-Ju Liu
- The Department of Ecology Research, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Nan Haizi, Daxing district, Beijing, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- The Department of Ecology Research, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Nan Haizi, Daxing district, Beijing, China.
| | - Zheng Yang
- The Department of Ecology Research, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Nan Haizi, Daxing district, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming-Hao Zhu
- The Department of Ecology Research, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Nan Haizi, Daxing district, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- The Department of Ecology Research, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Nan Haizi, Daxing district, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu L, Guan D, Peart MR, Wang G, Zhang H, Li Z. The dust retention capacities of urban vegetation-a case study of Guangzhou, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6601-6610. [PMID: 23608974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Urban vegetation increasingly plays an important role in the improvement of the urban atmospheric environment. This paper deals with the dust retention capacities of four urban tree species (Ficus virens var. sublanceolata, Ficus microcarpa, Bauhinia blakeana, and Mangifera indica Linn) in Guangzhou. The dust-retaining capacities of four tree species are studied under different pollution intensities and for different seasons. Remote sensing imagery was used to estimate the total aboveground urban vegetation biomass in different functional areas of urban Guangzhou, information that was then used to estimate the dust-retaining capacities of the different functional areas and the total removal of airborne particulates in urban Guangzhou by foliage. The results showed that urban vegetation can remove dust from the atmosphere thereby improving air quality. The major findings are that dust retention, or capture, vary between the four species of tree studied; it also varied between season and between types of urban functional area, namely industrial, commercial/road traffic, residential, and clean areas. Dust accumulation over time was also studied and reached a maximum, and saturation, after about 24 days. The overall aboveground biomass of urban vegetation in Guangzhou was estimated to be 52.0 × 10(5) t, its total leaf area 459.01 km(2), and the dust-retaining capacity was calculated at 8012.89 t per year. The present study demonstrated that the foliage of tree species used in urban greening make a substantial contribution to atmospheric dust removal and retention in urban Guangzhou.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|