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Rashid CS, Preston JD, Ngo Tenlep SY, Cook MK, Blalock EM, Zhou C, Swanson HI, Pearson KJ. PCB126 exposure during pregnancy alters maternal and fetal gene expression. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108385. [PMID: 37080397 PMCID: PMC10358324 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic pollutants that can have lasting impacts on offspring health. Here, we sought to examine maternal and fetal gene expression differences of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-regulated genes in a mouse model of prenatal PCB126 exposure. Female mice were bred and gavaged with 1 µmole/kg bodyweight PCB126 or vehicle control on embryonic days 0 and 14, and maternal and fetal tissues were collected on embryonic day 18.5. Total RNAs were isolated, and gene expression levels were analyzed in both maternal and fetal tissues using the NanoString nCounter system. Interestingly, we found that the expression levels of cytochrome P450 (Cyp)1a1 and Cyp1b1 were significantly increased in response to PCB exposure in the tested maternal and fetal tissues. Furthermore, PCB exposure altered the expression of several other genes related to energy balance, oxidative stress, and epigenetic regulation in a manner that was less consistent across tissue types. These results indicate that maternal PCB126 exposure significantly alters gene expression in both developing fetuses and pregnant dams, and such changes vary in intensity and expressivity depending on tissue type. The altered gene expression may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms by which in utero PCB exposures contribute to PCB-induced postnatal metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetewayo S Rashid
- Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Joshua D Preston
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sara Y Ngo Tenlep
- Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Marissa K Cook
- Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Eric M Blalock
- Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Hollie I Swanson
- Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Head KZ, Bolatimi OE, Gripshover TC, Tan M, Li Y, Audam TN, Jones SP, Klinge CM, Cave MC, Wahlang B. Investigating the effects of long-term Aroclor 1260 exposure on fatty liver disease in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. FRONTIERS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:1180712. [PMID: 37426695 PMCID: PMC10327714 DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2023.1180712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental toxicants that have been implicated in numerous health disorders including liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Toxicant-associated NAFLD, also known as toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD), consists of a spectrum of disorders ranging from steatosis and steatohepatitis to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, our group demonstrated that 12-week exposure to the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1260, exacerbated steatohepatitis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice; however, the longer-term effects of PCBs on TAFLD remain to be elucidated. This study aims to examine the longer-term effects of Aroclor 1260 (>30 weeks) in a diet-induced obesity model to better understand how duration of exposure can impact TAFLD. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to Aroclor 1260 (20 mg/kg) or vehicle control by oral gavage at the beginning of the study period and fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD throughout the study period. Results Aroclor 1260 exposure (>30 weeks) led to steatohepatitis only in LFD-fed mice. Several Aroclor 1260 exposed LFD-fed mice also developed hepatocellular carcinoma (25%), which was absent in HFD-fed mice. The LFD+Aroclor1260 group also exhibited decreased hepatic Cyp7a1 expression and increased pro-fibrotic Acta2 expression. In contrast, longer term Aroclor 1260 exposure in conjunction with HFD did not exacerbate steatosis or inflammatory responses beyond those observed with HFD alone. Further, hepatic xenobiotic receptor activation by Aroclor 1260 was absent at 31 weeks post exposure, suggesting PCB redistribution to the adipose and other extra-hepatic tissues with time. Discussion Overall, the results demonstrated that longer-term PCB exposure worsened TAFLD outcomes independent of HFD feeding and suggests altered energy metabolism as a potential mechanism fueling PCB mediated toxicity without dietary insult. Additional research exploring mechanisms for these longer-term PCB mediated toxicity in TAFLD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Z. Head
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Oluwanifemi E. Bolatimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Tyler C. Gripshover
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Min Tan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Timothy N. Audam
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Steven P. Jones
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Matthew C. Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville (UofL) Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville (UofL) Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Laouali N, Benmarhnia T, Oulhote Y. Potential benefits of joint hypothetical interventions on diet, lead, and cadmium on mortality in US adults. Environ Health 2022; 21:93. [PMID: 36195905 PMCID: PMC9533558 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported associations between high blood lead levels (BLLs) and urinary cadmium (UCd) concentrations and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. It is hypothesized that these associations are mediated by inflammation; therefore, adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet may mitigate these effects. We sought to estimate the potential effects of joint hypothetical interventions on metals levels and adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet or fruits and vegetables (FV) intake on the expected mortality distributions. METHODS We used data on 14,311 adults aged ≥ 20 years enrolled in the NHANES-III between 1988 and 1994 and followed up through Dec 31, 2015. We estimated daily FV servings and adherence to the dietary inflammatory index at baseline using 24-hour dietary recalls. Mortality was determined from the National Death Index records. We used the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models to estimate the absolute risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality under different hypothetical interventions compared to the natural course (no intervention). RESULTS Overall, we observed a decreased mortality risk when intervening to lower metals levels or increasing adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet or the daily FV servings. The joint intervention to lower BLLs and UCd and increase the adherence to the anti-inflammatory diet had the strongest impact on cancer mortality risk (risk difference [RD] = -1.50% (-2.52% to -0.62%)) compared to the joint intervention only on metals levels RD= -0.97% (-1.89 to 0.70). The same pattern of associations was observed for the joint intervention to lower both metals and increased daily FV servings and cardiovascular diseases mortality risk. CONCLUSION Higher diet quality may constitute a complementary approach to the interventions to reduce exposures to cadmium and lead to further minimize their effects on mortality. A paradigm shift is required from a pollutant-focused only to a combination with a human-focused approach for primary prevention against these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Laouali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA.
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP): Exposome and Heredity team, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Gustave Roussy Institute, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Montano L, Maugeri A, Volpe MG, Micali S, Mirone V, Mantovani A, Navarra M, Piscopo M. Mediterranean Diet as a Shield against Male Infertility and Cancer Risk Induced by Environmental Pollutants: A Focus on Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031568. [PMID: 35163492 PMCID: PMC8836239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of environmental factors in influencing health status is well documented. Heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, pesticides, ultrafine particles, produced by human activities put a strain on the body’s entire defense system. Therefore, together with public health measures, evidence-based individual resilience measures are necessary to mitigate cancer risk under environmental stress and to prevent reproductive dysfunction and non-communicable diseases; this is especially relevant for workers occupationally exposed to pollutants and/or populations residing in highly polluted areas. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids, that can promote the elimination of pollutants in tissues and fluids and/or mitigate their effects through different mechanisms. In this review, we collected evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies showing that the impairment of male fertility and gonadal development, as well as cancers of reproductive system, due to the exposure of organic and inorganic pollutants, may be counteracted by flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL), 84124 Salerno, Italy;
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Volpe
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Micali
- Urology Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mirone
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food, Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary public health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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Rubini E, Minacori M, Paglia G, Macone A, Chichiarelli S, Altieri F, Eufemi M. Tomato and Olive Bioactive Compounds: A Natural Shield against the Cellular Effects Induced by β-Hexachlorocyclohexane-Activated Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237135. [PMID: 34885717 PMCID: PMC8658925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is a globally widespread pollutant that embodies all the physicochemical characteristics of organochlorine pesticides, constituting an environmental risk factor for a wide range of noncommunicable diseases. Previous in vitro studies from our group disclosed the carcinogenic potential of β-HCH, which contributes to neoplastic transformation by means of multifaceted intracellular mechanisms. Considering the positive evidence regarding the protective role of natural bioactive compounds against pollution-induced toxicity, micronutrients from olive and tomato endowed with the capability of modulating β-HCH cellular targets were tested. For this purpose, the solution obtained from a patented food supplement (No. EP2851080A1), referred to as Tomato and Olive Bioactive Compounds (TOBC), was administered to the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells LNCaP and different biochemical and cellular assays were performed to evaluate its efficiency. TOBC shows a dose-dependent significant chemoprotection by contrasting β-HCH-induced intracellular responses such as STAT3 and AhR activation, disruption of AR signaling, antiapoptotic and proliferative activity, and increase in ROS production and DNA damage. These experimental outcomes identified TOBC as a suitable functional food to be included in a diet regimen aimed at defending cells from β-HCH negative effects, recommending the development of tailored enriched formulations for exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.M.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.E.)
- Enrico ed Enrica Sovena Foundation, 00199 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Federico Calabresi Onlus, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Minacori
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.M.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.E.)
| | - Giuliano Paglia
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.M.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.E.)
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.M.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.E.)
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.M.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.E.)
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.M.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.M.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.E.)
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Choi BSY, Varin TV, St-Pierre P, Pilon G, Tremblay A, Marette A. A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects against endogenous exposure to persistent organic pollutants during weight loss in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111832. [PMID: 33129933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic rise in the global occurrence of obesity and associated diseases calls for new strategies to promote weight loss. However, while the beneficial effects of weight loss are well known, rapid loss of fat mass can also lead to the endogenous release of liposoluble molecules with potential harmful effects, such as persistent organic pollutants (POP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CE) on POP release and their potential deleterious effects during weight loss of obese mice. C57BL/6 J mice were fed an obesogenic diet with or without a mixture of POP for 12 weeks and then changed to a low-fat diet to induce weight loss and endogenous POP release. The POP-exposed mice were then separated in two groups during weight loss, receiving either CE or the vehicle. Unexpectedly, despite the higher fat loss in the CE-treated group, the circulating levels of POP were not enhanced in these mice. Moreover, glucose homeostasis was further improved during CE-induced weight loss, as revealed by lower fasting glycemia and improved glucose tolerance as compared to vehicle-treated mice. Interestingly, the CE extract also induced changes in the gut microbiota after weight loss in POP-exposed mice, including blooming of Parvibacter, a member of the Coriobacteriaceae family which has been predicted to play a role in xenobiotic metabolism. Our data thus suggests that the gut microbiota can be targeted by polyphenol-rich extracts to protect from increased POP exposure and their detrimental metabolic effects during rapid weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice So-Yun Choi
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Thibault Vincent Varin
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Philippe St-Pierre
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 2300 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Murati T, Miletić M, Pleadin J, Šimić B, Kmetič I. Cell membrane-related toxic responses and disruption of intercellular communication in PCB mechanisms of toxicity: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1592-1601. [PMID: 32648282 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener-specific effects on cell membrane and intercellular communication is important within the studies of PCB absorption, organ-related PCB accumulation and exertion of toxic responses. Toxic potential of PCBs is linked to various deleterious effects on human health, including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity and, recently in 2016 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has upgraded the classification of PCBs to Group 1 "Carcinogenic to humans." Proposed mechanisms of aforementioned PCBs adverse effects at cellular membrane level are: (i) downregulation of gap junction intercellular communication and/or connexins; (ii) compromised membrane integrity; and (iii) altered tight junction barrier function. This study, based on an extensive literature survey, shows the progress in scientific research of each of these three levels with the aim of pointing out the earliest toxic events of PCBs, which can result in serious cell/tissue/organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuta Murati
- Laboratory for Toxicology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Miletić
- Laboratory for Toxicology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelka Pleadin
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branimir Šimić
- Laboratory for Toxicology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kmetič
- Laboratory for Toxicology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Takyi SA, Basu N, Arko-Mensah J, Botwe P, Amoabeng Nti AA, Kwarteng L, Acquah A, Tettey P, Dwomoh D, Batterman S, Robins T, Fobil JN. Micronutrient-rich dietary intake is associated with a reduction in the effects of particulate matter on blood pressure among electronic waste recyclers at Agbogbloshie, Ghana. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1067. [PMID: 32631289 PMCID: PMC7339459 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) releases particulate matter (PM) into the ambient air. Human exposure to PM has been reported to induce adverse effects on cardiovascular health. However, the impact of PM on the cardiovascular health of e-waste recyclers in Ghana has not been studied. Although intake of micronutrient-rich diet is known to modify these PM-induced adverse health effects, no data are available on the relationship between micronutrient status of e-waste recyclers and the reported high-level exposure to PM. We therefore investigated whether the intake of micronutrient-rich diets ameliorates the adverse effects of ambient exposure to PM2.5 on blood pressure (BP). METHODS This study was conducted among e-waste and non-e-waste recyclers from March 2017 to October 2018. Dietary micronutrient (Fe, Ca, Mg, Se, Zn, and Cu) intake was assessed using a 2-day 24-h recall. Breathing zone PM2.5 was measured with a real-time monitor. Cardiovascular indices such as systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) were measured using a sphygmomanometer. Ordinary least-squares regression models were used to estimate the joint effects of ambient exposure to PM2.5 and dietary micronutrient intake on cardiovascular health outcomes. RESULTS Fe was consumed in adequate quantities, while Ca, Se, Zn, Mg, and Cu were inadequately consumed among e-waste and non-e-waste recyclers. Dietary Ca, and Fe intake was associated with reduced SBP and PP of e-waste recyclers. Although PM2.5 levels were higher in e-waste recyclers, exposures in the control group also exceeded the WHO 24-h guideline value (25 μg/m3). Exposure to 1 μg/m3 of PM2.5 was associated with an increased heart rate (HR) among e-waste recyclers. Dietary Fe intake was associated with a reduction in systolic blood pressure levels of e-waste recyclers after PM exposure. CONCLUSIONS Consistent adequate dietary Fe intake was associated with reduced effects of PM2.5 on SBP of e-waste recyclers overtime. Nonetheless, given that all other micronutrients are necessary in ameliorating the adverse effects of PM on cardiovascular health, nutrition-related policy dialogues are required. Such initiatives would help educate informal e-waste recyclers and the general population on specific nutrients of concern and their impact on the exposure to ambient air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A Takyi
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - John Arko-Mensah
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Paul Botwe
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Afua Asabea Amoabeng Nti
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lawrencia Kwarteng
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Augustine Acquah
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prudence Tettey
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Duah Dwomoh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stuart Batterman
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Robins
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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9
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Aminian O, Moinfar Z, Eftekhari S, Esser A, Schettgen T, Felten M, Kaifie A, Kraus T. Association of plasma levels of lipid and polychlorinated biphenyls in Iranian adult. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03775. [PMID: 32322735 PMCID: PMC7160561 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continues over the world through seafood consumption and indoor exposure to building materials containing PCB. This study aimed to assess the relationship between plasma level of PCB congeners and lipid profile and Body Mass Index (BMI) as well. Methods The study population consisted of 181 Iranian adults. Data on BMI, plasma concentration of PCB congeners and serum level of lipid profile including Triglyceride, low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins, recruited from database of a project entitled “Occupational and environmental exposure to PCBs in Iran”. Multiple linear regression analysis of associations between different quartiles of PCB congeners and various lipid fractions and BMI have been conducted. Results A linear increase in average serum Triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels of participants in first, second, third and fourth quartiles of some PCB congeners was obtained. Following adjustment for age, gender, diet and other variables, only the association between different quartiles of PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 118 and PCB sum and TG remained statistically significant. Conclusion The study showed a significant positive relation between plasma PCBs concentrations and serum level of TG in the study population with normal PCBs levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Aminian
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Moinfar
- Community and Preventive Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Eftekhari
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Felten
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kaifie
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Germany
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10
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Patrick L. Diabetes and Toxicant Exposure. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:16-23. [PMID: 32549860 PMCID: PMC7238916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity has near tripled between 1975 and 2016. Diabetes was the direct cause of an estimated 1.6 million deaths in 2015. Diabetogens, otherwise known as toxicants that cause insulin resistance in animal models and humans as a result of pancreatic β-cell damage include the persistent organochlorine pesticides trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, and DDE -the main metabolite of DDT, as well as another class of persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Other toxicants that are now considered diabetogens: BPA, arsenic, phthalates, perfluorinates (PFOS), diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), and dioxin (TCDD) are commonly found in the blood and urine in the CDC NHANES populations and presumed to also be commonly found in the U.S. population as a whole. A review of the literature on the risk for diabetes in epidemiologic studies considering these toxicants, challenges for clinicians using lab testing for these diabetogens, and the necessary interventions for lowering body burden of persistent toxicants are discussed.
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11
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Cheng SL, Li X, Lehmler HJ, Phillips B, Shen D, Cui JY. Gut Microbiota Modulates Interactions Between Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Bile Acid Homeostasis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:269-287. [PMID: 30496569 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a second genome that contributes to the health and diseases of the host. A major function of the gut microbiota is to convert primary bile acids (BAs) produced from cholesterol in the liver into secondary BAs that activate distinct host receptors to modulate xenobiotic metabolism and energy homeostasis. The goal of this study was to investigate to what extent oral exposure to an environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs mixture), namely the Fox River mixture, impacts gut microbiome and BA homeostasis. Ninety-day-old adult female conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to corn oil (vehicle), or the Fox River mixture at 6 or 30 mg/kg once daily for 3 consecutive days. The PCB low dose profoundly increased BA metabolism related bacteria Akkermansia (A.) muciniphila, Clostridium (C.) scindens, and Enterococcus in the large intestinal pellet (LIP) of CV mice (16S rRNA sequencing/qPCR). This correlated with a PCB low dose-mediated increase in multiple BAs in serum and small intestinal content (SIP) in a gut microbiota-dependent manner (UPLC-MS/MS). Conversely, at PCB high dose, BA levels remained stable in CV mice correlated with an increase in hepatic efflux transporters and ileal Fgf15. Interestingly, lack of gut microbiota potentiated the PCB-mediated increase in taurine conjugated α and β muricholic acids in liver, SIP, and LIP. Pearson's correlation identified positive correlations between 5 taxa and most secondary BAs. In conclusion, PCBs dose-dependently altered BA homeostasis through a joint effort between host gut-liver axis and intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Lihua Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Brian Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - Danny Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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12
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Pothu UK, Thammisetty AK, Nelakuditi LK. Evaluation of cholinesterase and lipid profile levels in chronic pesticide exposed persons. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2073-2078. [PMID: 31334182 PMCID: PMC6618179 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_239_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Agriculture being the predominant occupation in India with rampant usage of pesticides to meet its enormous population needs. This pesticide abuse is taking a toll on the health of the persons involved in this work. Objectives: To evaluate pesticide exposure by assessing serum cholinesterase levels, and comparing them with the serum lipid profile levels which assumes the cardiovascular risk status. Study Design: It is a cross-sectional comparative study involving around 283 agricultural farm workers in Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh. The study period was for about 3 months during pesticide spraying season. Materials and Methods: All the blood samples were collected and analysed for biochemical parameters like plasma glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, and lipid profile and serum cholinesterase levels using XL 640 fully automated random access analyser. Statistical Analysis Used: Results were analysed using SPSS software version 20. Results: The study group was classified into two groups based on serum cholinesterase levels. It was observed that there were significant alterations in lipid profile levels in the study group with decreased cholinesterase levels when compared to those of normal cholinesterase levels. There was significant negative correlation between cholinesterase levels and non-HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL ratio. Conclusion: This study implicates that the pesticides have an adverse health effect with regard to cardiovascular risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kiran Pothu
- Department of Biochemistry, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Thammisetty
- Department of Biochemistry, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmana Kumar Nelakuditi
- Department of Biochemistry, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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13
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Hennig B, Petriello MC, Gamble MV, Surh YJ, Kresty LA, Frank N, Rangkadilok N, Ruchirawat M, Suk WA. The role of nutrition in influencing mechanisms involved in environmentally mediated diseases. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:87-97. [PMID: 29381475 PMCID: PMC5987536 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to environmental contaminants such as persistent chlorinated organics, heavy metals, pesticides, phthalates, flame retardants, electronic waste and airborne pollutants around the world, and especially in Southeast Asian regions, are significant and require urgent attention. Given this widespread contamination and abundance of such toxins as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ecosystem, it is unlikely that remediation alone will be sufficient to address the health impacts associated with this exposure. Furthermore, we must assume that the impact on health of some of these contaminants results in populations with extraordinary vulnerabilities to disease risks. Further exacerbating risk; infectious diseases, poverty and malnutrition are common in the Southeast Asian regions of the world. Thus, exploring preventive measures of environmental exposure and disease risk through new paradigms of environmental toxicology, optimal and/or healthful nutrition and health is essential. For example, folic acid supplementation can lower blood arsenic levels, and plant-derived bioactive nutrients can lower cardiovascular and cancer risks linked to pollutant exposure. Data also indicate that diets enriched with bioactive food components such as polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent or decrease toxicant-induced inflammation. Thus, consuming healthy diets that exhibit high levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is a meaningful way to reduce the vulnerability to non-communicable diseases linked to environmental toxic insults. This nutritional paradigm in environmental toxicology requires further study in order to improve our understanding of the relationship between nutrition or other lifestyle modifications and toxicant-induced diseases. Understanding mechanistic relationships between nutritional modulation of environmental toxicants and susceptibility to disease development are important for both cumulative risk assessment and the design and implementation of future public health programs and behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Hennig
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael C. Petriello
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mary V. Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742 08826, South Korea
| | - Laura A. Kresty
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Norbert Frank
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - William A. Suk
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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14
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Hong MY, Hoh E, Kang B, DeHamer R, Kim JY, Lumibao J. Fish Oil Contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants Induces Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation and Reduces Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression in Rats. J Nutr 2017; 147:1524-1530. [PMID: 28659405 PMCID: PMC5525110 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.251082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental studies have suggested that fish oil (FO), a rich source of n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, protects against colon cancer. However, this message is confounded by the FDA's warning that the consumption of certain types of fish should be restricted because of contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides.Objective: We examined FO contaminated with POPs (PCBs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and chlordane) compared with unmodified FO on the risk factors of colon cancer development.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 28 d (n = 30) were allocated into 3 groups and fed 15% corn oil (CO), FO, or POP-contaminated FO for 9 wk with a subcutaneous injection of colon carcinogen azoxymethane at weeks 3 and 4. Colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and cell proliferation were enumerated, and the gene expression of inflammation, antioxidant enzymes, and repair enzymes were determined with the use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.Results: FO-fed rats had a lower number of ACF (mean ± SE: 29 ± 4.0 for FO compared with 53 ± 8.4 for CO and 44 ± 4.6 for POP FO) and higher-multiplicity ACF than the CO and POP FO groups (4.7 ± 0.9 for FO compared with 11 ± 1.5 for CO and 9.6 ± 1.8 for POP FO) (P < 0.05). FO feeding lowered the proliferation index compared with the CO and POP FO feeding groups (18% ± 1.1% for FO compared with 25% ± 1.6% for CO and 23% ± 0.7% for POP FO) (P = 0.009). Superoxide dismutase [2.4 ± 0.6 relative quantification (RQ) for FO compared with 1.2 ± 0.2 RQ for CO and 1.3 ± 0.3 RQ for POP FO] and catalase gene expression (10 ± 2.0 RQ for FO compared with 5.4 ± 1.1 RQ for CO and 6.6 ± 1.5 RQ for POP FO) were higher in the FO group than in the CO and POP FO groups (P < 0.05). There were no differences between CO and POP FO on the variables.Conclusion: These results indicate that POPs in FO reduce the preventive effects of FO on colon carcinogenesis by increasing preneoplastic lesion formation through the downregulation of antioxidant enzyme expression and increasing cell proliferation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA; and
| | - Brian Kang
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences and
| | | | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jan Lumibao
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences and
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15
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Chung RTM. Detoxification effects of phytonutrients against environmental toxicants and sharing of clinical experience on practical applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8946-8956. [PMID: 26310706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to the Food and Health Bureau and Trade and Industry Department of the Hong Kong Government, 90 % of the total food supply in Hong Kong was imported from the Mainland China. In addition, the hidden or illegal use of prohibited pesticides, food adulteration (e.g., using industrial salt in food processing, using gutter oil as cooking oil), and pollutions were periodically reported by the media. Excessive exposure to toxic heavy metals or persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from diet or environmental is inevitable amid industrialization and pollution. Understanding of the detoxification ability among nutrients in plant-based food (i.e., phytonutrients in green tea, onion, garlic, coriander, and turmeric) offers therapeutic and preventive effects against the poisoning effects due to these pollutants. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory actions are the common mechanisms for heavy metals or POPs toxicities, while phytonutrients counteracts these cellular insults by anti-oxidation, upregulation of anti-inflammatory pathways, and chelation.
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16
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Hoffman JB, Petriello MC, Hennig B. Impact of nutrition on pollutant toxicity: an update with new insights into epigenetic regulation. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:65-72. [PMID: 28076319 PMCID: PMC5489226 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants is a global health problem and is associated with the development of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. There is a growing body of evidence that nutrition can both positively and negatively modulate the toxic effects of pollutant exposure. Diets high in proinflammatory fats, such as linoleic acid, can exacerbate pollutant toxicity, whereas diets rich in bioactive and anti-inflammatory food components, including omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, can attenuate toxicant-associated inflammation. Previously, researchers have elucidated direct mechanisms of nutritional modulation, including alteration of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling, but recently, increased focus has been given to the ways in which nutrition and pollutants affect epigenetics. Nutrition has been demonstrated to modulate epigenetic markers that have been linked either to increased disease risks or to protection against diseases. Overnutrition (i.e. obesity) and undernutrition (i.e. famine) have been observed to alter prenatal epigenetic tags that may increase the risk of offspring developing disease later in life. Conversely, bioactive food components, including curcumin, have been shown to alter epigenetic markers that suppress the activation of NF-κB, thus reducing inflammatory responses. Exposure to pollutants also alters epigenetic markers and may contribute to inflammation and disease. It has been demonstrated that pollutants, via epigenetic modulations, can increase the activation of NF-κB and upregulate microRNAs associated with inflammation, cardiac injury and oxidative damage. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that nutritional components, including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can protect against pollutant-induced inflammation through epigenetic regulation of proinflammatory target genes of NF-κB. Further research is needed to better understand how nutrition can modulate pollutant toxicity through epigenetic regulation. Therefore, the objective of this review is to elucidate the current evidence linking epigenetic changes to pollutant-induced diseases and how this regulation may be modulated by nutrients allowing for the development of future personalized lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie B Hoffman
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Correspondence should be directed to: Bernhard Hennig, 900 S. Limestone Street, Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. Tel.: +1 859-218-1343; fax: +1 859-257-1811;
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17
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Kim JA, Kim JY, Kang SW. Effects of the Dietary Detoxification Program on Serum γ-glutamyltransferase, Anthropometric Data and Metabolic Biomarkers in Adults. J Lifestyle Med 2016; 6:49-57. [PMID: 27924283 PMCID: PMC5115202 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2016.6.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are well-known environmental contaminants which are associated with chronic diseases. As foods are the major sources of human exposure to toxic pollutants, we developed an integrated dietary and education program to eliminate the chemical toxin throughout the human body. The present study evaluated effects of the dietary detoxification program on serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), anthropometric data and metabolic biomarkers in adults. Methods Single-armed, pre-post study was conducted from June 2013 to June 2015 at a health examination center and a public health center in Seoul, Korea. Sixty eight subjects (mean age of 52.4 years) were recruited. Subjects participated 20 hours’ dietary education sessions. On-line coaching with SNS was performed to enhance participants’ proper protocol compliance. Physical and laboratory examinations were assessed at week 0 and 3. Results Changes of the serum GGT were correlated with reductions of the body fat percentage (r = .379, p = .001), body fat mass (r = .435, p = .000) and fasting blood glucose (r = .423, p = .000). Serum GGT, weight, body fat percentage, body fat mass, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood pressure of all participants were reduced with statistical significance in 3 weeks. In metabolic syndrome group, total cholesterol (p = .049), fasting blood glucose (p = .002), and systolic blood pressure (p = .001) were significantly reduced comparison to non-metabolic syndrome group. Conclusion This dietary detoxification program might decrease serum GGT which indicated the overall toxic burden in the body. Anthropometric data and metabolic biomarkers were improved. The integrated dietary and education detoxification program seemed to be a protective intervention for elimination of toxicants from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ah Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Wan Kang
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Marine fatty acids aggravate hepatotoxicity of α-HBCD in juvenile female BALB/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:411-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Therapeutic properties of green tea against environmental insults. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:1-13. [PMID: 27723473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, smoke, mycotoxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and arsenic are the most common environmental toxins and toxicants to humans. These toxins and toxicants may impact on human health at the molecular (DNA, RNA, or protein), organelle (mitochondria, lysosome, or membranes), cellular (growth inhibition or cell death), tissue, organ, and systemic levels. Formation of reactive radicals, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, embryotoxicity, neurological alterations, apoptosis, and carcinogenic events are some of the mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of the environmental toxins and toxicants. Green tea, the nonoxidized and nonfermented form of tea that contains several polyphenols, including green tea catechins, exhibits protective effects against these environmental toxins and toxicants in preclinical studies and to a much-limited extent, in clinical trials. The protective effects are collectively mediated by antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective, and anticarcinogenic activities. In addition, green tea modulates signaling pathway including NF-κB and ERK pathways, preserves mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits caspase-3 activity, down-regulates proapoptotic proteins, and induces the phase II detoxifying pathway. The bioavailability and metabolism of green tea and its protective effects against environmental insults induced by pesticides, smoke, mycotoxins, PCBs, and arsenic are reviewed in this paper. Future studies with emphasis on clinical trials should identify biomarkers of green tea intake, examine the mechanisms of action of green tea polyphenols, and investigate potential interactions of green tea with other toxicant-modulating dietary factors.
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20
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Petriello MC, Hoffman JB, Sunkara M, Wahlang B, Perkins JT, Morris AJ, Hennig B. Dioxin-like pollutants increase hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase (FMO3) expression to promote synthesis of the pro-atherogenic nutrient biomarker trimethylamine N-oxide from dietary precursors. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:145-53. [PMID: 27155921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is impacted by multiple modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors including dietary choices, genetic predisposition, and environmental exposures. However, mechanisms linking diet, exposure to pollutants, and CVD risk are largely unclear. Recent studies identified a strong link between plasma levels of nutrient-derived Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and coronary artery disease. Dietary precursors of TMAO include carnitine and phosphatidylcholine, which are abundant in animal-derived foods. Dioxin-like pollutants can upregulate a critical enzyme responsible for TMAO formation, hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), but a link between dioxin-like PCBs, upregulation of FMO3, and increased TMAO has not been reported. Here, we show that mice exposed acutely to dioxin-like PCBs exhibit increased hepatic FMO3 mRNA, protein, as well as an increase in circulating levels of TMAO following oral administration of its metabolic precursors. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 5μmol PCB 126/kg mouse weight (1.63mg/kg). At 48h post-PCB exposure, mice were subsequently given a single gavage of phosphatidylcholine dissolved in corn oil. Exposure to 5 μmole/kg PCB 126 resulted in greater than 100-fold increase in FMO3 mRNA expression, robust induction of FMO3 protein, and a 5-fold increase in TMAO levels compared with vehicle treated mice. We made similar observations in mice exposed to PCB 77 (49.6mg/kg twice); stable isotope tracer studies revealed increased formation of plasma TMAO from an orally administered precursor trimethylamine (TMA). Taken together, these observations suggest a novel diet-toxicant interaction that results in increased production of a circulating biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jessie B Hoffman
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Jordan T Perkins
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536.
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21
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Qin L, Zhu N, Ao BX, Liu C, Shi YN, Du K, Chen JX, Zheng XL, Liao DF. Caveolae and Caveolin-1 Integrate Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:429. [PMID: 27011179 PMCID: PMC4813279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorder and inflammation play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport is a key event in lipid metabolism. Caveolae and caveolin-1 are in the center stage of cholesterol transportation and inflammation in macrophages. Here, we propose that reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation in atherosclerosis can be integrated by caveolae and caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Bao-Xue Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Chan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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22
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Perkins JT, Petriello MC, Newsome BJ, Hennig B. Polychlorinated biphenyls and links to cardiovascular disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2160-72. [PMID: 25877901 PMCID: PMC4609220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of cardiovascular disease is multi-faceted, with links to many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Epidemiological evidence now implicates exposure to persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with an increased risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; all of which are clinically relevant to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease. PCBs exert their cardiovascular toxicity either directly or indirectly via multiple mechanisms, which are highly dependent on the type and concentration of PCBs present. However, many PCBs may modulate cellular signaling pathways leading to common detrimental outcomes including induction of chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. With the abundance of potential toxic pollutants increasing globally, it is critical to identify sensible means of decreasing associated disease risks. Emerging evidence now implicates a protective role of lifestyle modifications such as increased exercise and/or nutritional modulation via anti-inflammatory foods, which may help to decrease the vascular toxicity of PCBs. This review will outline the current state of knowledge linking coplanar and non-coplanar PCBs to cardiovascular disease and describe the possible molecular mechanism of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Perkins
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bradley J Newsome
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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23
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Murphy MO, Petriello MC, Han SG, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Esser K, Hennig B. Exercise protects against PCB-induced inflammation and associated cardiovascular risk factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2201-11. [PMID: 25586614 PMCID: PMC4503535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that contribute to the initiation of cardiovascular disease. Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease; however, whether exercise can modulate PCB-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular risk factors is unknown. We examined the effects of exercise on coplanar PCB-induced cardiovascular risk factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired glucose tolerance, hypercholesteremia, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. Male ApoE(-/-) mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups (voluntary wheel running) over a 12-week period. Half of each group was exposed to vehicle or PCB 77 at weeks 1, 2, 9, and 10. For ex vivo studies, male C57BL/6 mice exercised via voluntary wheel training for 5 weeks and then were administered with vehicle or PCB 77 24 h before vascular reactivity studies were performed. Exposure to coplanar PCB increased risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, including oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesteremia. The 12-week exercise intervention significantly reduced these proatherogenic parameters. Exercise also upregulated antioxidant enzymes including phase II detoxification enzymes. Sedentary animals exposed to PCB 77 exhibited endothelial dysfunction as demonstrated by significant impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by exercise. Lifestyle modifications such as aerobic exercise could be utilized as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular health effects induced by environmental pollutants such as PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sung Gu Han
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Karyn Esser
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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24
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Abliz A, Chen C, Deng W, Wang W, Sun R. NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Apocynin Attenuates PCB153-Induced Thyroid Injury in Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:8354745. [PMID: 27047545 PMCID: PMC4800090 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8354745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PCBs, widespread endocrine disruptors, cause the disturbance of thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis in humans and animals. However, the exact mechanism of thyroid dysfunction caused by PCBs is still unknown. In order to clarify the hypotheses that NADPH oxidase (NOX) and subsequent NF-κB pathway may play roles in thyroid dysfunction, sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, PCB153 treated (PCB) group, received apocynin with PCB153 treatment (APO + PCB) group, and drug control (APO) group. Serum thyroid hormone levels were evaluated. The morphological change of thyroid tissue was analyzed under the light and transmission electron microscopy. NOX2, 8-OHdG, and NF-κB expression in the thyroid tissue was evaluated by immune-histochemical staining. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were detected. The following results were reduced after apocynin treatment: (1) serum thyroid hormone, (2) thyroid pathological injuries, (3) thyroid MDA, (4) thyroid ultrastructural change, (5) serum inflammatory cytokines, and (6) thyroid expression of NOX2, 8-OHdG, and NF-κB. These results suggested that NOX inhibition attenuates thyroid dysfunction induced by PCB in rats, presumably because of its role in preventing ROS generation and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway. Our findings may provide new therapeutic targets for PCBs induced thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ablikim Abliz
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
- *Weixing Wang:
| | - Rongze Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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25
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Hong MY, Lumibao J, Mistry P, Saleh R, Hoh E. Fish Oil Contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants Reduces Antioxidant Capacity and Induces Oxidative Stress without Affecting Its Capacity to Lower Lipid Concentrations and Systemic Inflammation in Rats. J Nutr 2015; 145:939-44. [PMID: 25788582 PMCID: PMC4408738 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.206607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have investigated the benefits of fish, fish oil, and ω-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids against cardiovascular diseases. However, concern surrounding contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) prompts caution in the recommendation to consume fish and fish oil. OBJECTIVE The present study compared the effects of fish oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) on serum lipid profiles, inflammation, and oxidative stress. METHODS Twenty eight-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) consumed diets of unmodified fish oil (FO) consisting of 15% fat by weight, persistent organic pollutant-contaminated fish oil (POP FO) (PCBs at 2.40 μg/g; OCs at 3.80 μg/g FO), or corn oil (control; CO) for 9 wk. Lipid profiles and C-reactive protein concentrations were assessed. Hepatic gene expression related to lipid metabolism was determined by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS After 9 wk of feeding, accumulation of PCBs and OCs in the fat tissue of the POP FO group compared with the other 2 groups was confirmed (P < 0.01). Both fish oil groups showed greater HDL cholesterol (FO 53 ± 5.3 and POP FO 55 ± 7.7 vs. CO 34 ± 2.3 mg/dL), but lower triglycerides (24 ± 2.8 and 22 ± 3.0 vs. 43 ± 5.6 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (38 ± 14 and 34 ± 9.2 vs. 67 ± 4.4 mg/dL), and C-reactive protein (113 ± 20 and 120 ± 26 vs. 189 ± 22 μg/dL) compared with the CO group (P < 0.05). Gene expression of fatty acid synthase in both fish oil groups was also less than in the CO group (P < 0.05). However, the POP FO group showed greater lipid peroxidation (5.1 ± 0.7 vs. 2.9 ± 0.9 and 2.6 ± 0.6 μM) and less antioxidant capacity (0.08 ± 0.06 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 mM) than the CO and FO groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that, despite exhibiting benefits on serum lipid concentrations and inflammation, contamination with PCBs and OCs showed significant negative effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in rats. Future studies should investigate the effects of different contaminant doses and the possibility of a dose-dependent response, a lengthened feeding time, and interactions between contaminant mixtures and oils of varying composition to advise on dietary consumption of fish and fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Lumibao
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | | | - Rhonda Saleh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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26
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Petriello MC, Newsome BJ, Dziubla TD, Hilt JZ, Bhattacharyya D, Hennig B. Modulation of persistent organic pollutant toxicity through nutritional intervention: emerging opportunities in biomedicine and environmental remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 491-492:11-6. [PMID: 24530186 PMCID: PMC4077968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is increasing worldwide, and there is evidence that exposure to halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls can contribute to the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. Pollutant removal from contaminated sites and subsequent pollutant degradation are critical for reducing the long-term health risks associated with exposure. However, complete remediation of a toxicant from the environment is very difficult and cost-prohibitive. Furthermore, remediation technologies often result in the generation of secondary toxicants. Considering these circumstances, environmentally-friendly and sustainable remediation technologies and biomedical solutions to reduce vulnerability to environmental chemical insults need to be explored to reduce the overall health risks associated with exposure to environmental pollutants. We propose that positive lifestyle changes such as healthful nutrition and consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables or bioactive nutrients with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties will reduce the body's vulnerability to environmental stressors and thus reduce toxicant-mediated disease pathologies. Interestingly, emerging evidence now implicates the incorporation of bioactive nutrients, such as plant-derived polyphenols, in technologies focused on the capture, sensing and remediation of halogenated POPs. We propose that human nutritional intervention in concert with the use of natural polyphenol sensing and remediation platforms may provide a sensible means to develop primary and long-term prevention strategies of diseases associated with many environmental toxic insults including halogenated POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Bradley J Newsome
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Thomas D Dziubla
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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27
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PCB 126 toxicity is modulated by cross-talk between caveolae and Nrf2 signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 277:192-9. [PMID: 24709675 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been implicated in the promotion of multiple inflammatory disorders including cardiovascular disease, but information regarding mechanisms of toxicity and cross-talk between relevant cell signaling pathways is lacking. To examine the hypothesis that cross-talk between membrane domains called caveolae and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways alters PCB-induced inflammation, caveolin-1 was silenced in vascular endothelial cells, resulting in a decreased PCB-induced inflammatory response. Cav-1 silencing (siRNA treatment) also increased levels of Nrf2-ARE transcriptional binding, resulting in higher mRNA levels of the antioxidant genes glutathione s-transferase and NADPH dehydrogenase quinone-1 in both vehicle and PCB-treated systems. Along with this upregulated antioxidant response, Cav-1 siRNA treated cells exhibited decreased mRNA levels of the Nrf2 inhibitory protein Keap1 in both vehicle and PCB-treated samples. Silencing Cav-1 also decreased protein levels of Nrf2 inhibitory proteins Keap1 and Fyn kinase, especially in PCB-treated cells. Further, endothelial cells from wildtype and Cav-1-/- mice were isolated and treated with PCB to better elucidate the role of functional caveolae in PCB-induced endothelial inflammation. Cav-1-/- endothelial cells were protected from PCB-induced cellular dysfunction as evidenced by decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) protein induction. Compared to wildtype cells, Cav-1-/- endothelial cells also allowed for a more effective antioxidant response, as observed by higher levels of the antioxidant genes. These data demonstrate novel cross-talk mechanisms between Cav-1 and Nrf2 and implicate the reduction of Cav-1 as a protective mechanism for PCB-induced cellular dysfunction and inflammation.
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28
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Aminov Z, Haase RF, Pavuk M, Carpenter DO. Analysis of the effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides on serum lipid levels in residents of Anniston, Alabama. Environ Health 2013; 12:108. [PMID: 24325314 PMCID: PMC3893492 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anniston, Alabama, is the site of a former Monsanto plant where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were manufactured from 1929 until 1971. Residents of Anniston are known to have elevated levels of PCBs. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that levels of the various lipid components (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) are differentially associated with concentrations of total PCBs and total pesticides, and further that different congeners, congener groups and different pesticides do not have identical associations in serum samples obtained from Anniston residents in a cross-sectional study. METHODS Fasting serum samples were obtained from 575 residents of Anniston who were not on any lipid-lowering medication and were analyzed for 35 PCB congeners, nine chlorinated pesticides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Associations between toxicant concentrations and lipid levels were determined using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS We observed that elevated serum concentrations of lipids were associated with elevated serum concentrations of ΣPCBs and summed pesticides in analyses adjusted for age, race, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and exercising status. The strongest associations were seen for PCB congeners with three, four, or at least eight substituted chlorines. Mono-ortho substituted congeners 74 and 156, di-ortho congeners 172 and 194, and tri- and tetra-ortho congeners 199, 196-203, 206 and 209 each were significantly associated with total lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Serum concentrations of HCB and chlordane also had strong associations with lipid components. CONCLUSIONS Increased concentrations of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides are associated with elevations in total serum lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides, but the patterns are different for different groups of PCBs and different pesticides. These observations show selective effects of different organochlorines on serum concentrations of different groups of lipids. This elevation in concentrations of serum lipids may be the basis for the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease found in persons with elevated exposures to PCBs and chlorinated pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Aminov
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Richard F Haase
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Marian Pavuk
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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29
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Green tea diet decreases PCB 126-induced oxidative stress in mice by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:126-35. [PMID: 24378064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Superfund chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls pose a serious human health risk due to their environmental persistence and link to multiple diseases. Selective bioactive food components such as flavonoids have been shown to ameliorate PCB toxicity, but primarily in an in vitro setting. Here, we show that mice fed a green tea-enriched diet and subsequently exposed to environmentally relevant doses of coplanar PCB exhibit decreased overall oxidative stress primarily due to the up-regulation of a battery of antioxidant enzymes. C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet supplemented with green tea extract (GTE) for 12 weeks and exposed to 5 μmol PCB 126/kg mouse weight (1.63 mg/kg-day) on weeks 10, 11 and 12 (total body burden: 4.9 mg/kg). F2-isoprostane and its metabolites, established markers of in vivo oxidative stress, measured in plasma via HPLC-MS/MS exhibited fivefold decreased levels in mice supplemented with GTE and subsequently exposed to PCB compared to animals on a control diet exposed to PCB. Livers were collected and harvested for both messenger RNA and protein analyses, and it was determined that many genes transcriptionally controlled by aryl hydrocarbon receptor and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 proteins were up-regulated in PCB-exposed mice fed the green tea-supplemented diet. An increased induction of genes such as SOD1, GSR, NQO1 and GST, key antioxidant enzymes, in these mice (green tea plus PCB) may explain the observed decrease in overall oxidative stress. A diet supplemented with green tea allows for an efficient antioxidant response in the presence of PCB 126, which supports the emerging paradigm that healthful nutrition may be able to bolster and buffer a physiological system against the toxicities of environmental pollutants.
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