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Turja R, Benito D, Ahvo A, Izagirre U, Lekube X, Stankevičiūtė M, Butrimavičienė L, Soto M, Lehtonen KK. Biomarker responses in mussels (Mytilus trossulus) from the Baltic Sea exposed to water-accommodated fraction of crude oil and a dispersant at different salinities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115100. [PMID: 37276711 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills pose significant environmental risks, particularly in cold seas. In the Baltic Sea, the low salinity (from 0 to 2 up to 18) affects the behaviour of the spilled oil as well as the efficiency and ecological impacts of oil spill response methods such as mechanical collection and the use of dispersants. In the present study, mussels (Mytilus trossulus) were exposed under winter conditions (5 °C) to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Naphthenic North Atlantic crude oil prepared by mechanical dispersion or to the chemically enhanced fraction (CEWAF) obtained using the dispersant Finasol OSR 51 at salinities of 5.6 and 15.0. Especially at the lower salinity, high bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was recorded in mussels in the CEWAF treatments, accompanied by increased biomarker responses. In the WAF treatments these impacts were less evident. Thus, the use of dispersants in the Baltic Sea still needs to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Turja
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Denis Benito
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Aino Ahvo
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Xabier Lekube
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Milda Stankevičiūtė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laura Butrimavičienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Manu Soto
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Kari K Lehtonen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Dey A, Flajšhans M, Pšenička M, Gazo I. DNA repair genes play a variety of roles in the development of fish embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1119229. [PMID: 36936683 PMCID: PMC10014602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1119229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis is one of the most important life stages because it determines an organism's healthy growth. However, embryos of externally fertilizing species, such as most fish, are directly exposed to the environment during development and may be threatened by DNA damaging factors (pollutants, UV, reactive oxygen species). To counteract the negative effects of DNA fragmentation, fish embryos evolved complex damage response pathways. DNA repair pathways have been extensively studied in some fish species, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our literature review, on the other hand, revealed a paucity of knowledge about DNA damage response and repair in non-model aquaculture fish species. Further, several pieces of evidence underlie the additional role of DNA repair genes and proteins in organogenesis, spatiotemporal localization in different tissue, and its indispensability for normal embryo development. In this review, we will summarize features of different DNA repair pathways in course of fish embryo development. We describe how the expression of DNA repair genes and proteins is regulated during development, their organogenetic roles, and how the expression of DNA repair genes changes in response to genotoxic stress. This will aid in addressing the link between genotoxic stress and embryo phenotype. Furthermore, available data indicate that embryos can repair damaged DNA, but the effects of early-life stress may manifest later in life as behavioral changes, neoplasia, or neurodegeneration. Overall, we conclude that more research on DNA repair in fish embryos is needed.
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Picone M, Distefano GG, Marchetto D, Russo M, Volpi Ghirardini A. Spiking organic chemicals onto sediments for ecotoxicological analyses: an overview of methods and procedures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:31002-31024. [PMID: 35113376 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory testing with spiked sediments with organic contaminants is a valuable tool for ecotoxicologists to study specific processes such as effects of known concentrations of toxicants, interactions of the toxicants with sediment and biota, and uptake kinetics. Since spiking of the sediment may be performed by using different strategies, a plethora of procedures was proposed in the literature for spiking organic chemicals onto sediments to perform ecotoxicological analyses. In this paper, we reviewed the scientific literature intending to characterise the kind of substrates that were used for spiking (i.e. artificial or field-collected sediment), how the substrates were handled before spiking and amended with the organic chemical, how the spiked sediment was mixed to allow the homogenisation of the chemical on the substrate and finally how long the spiked sediment was allowed to equilibrate before testing. What emerged from this review is that the choice of the test species, the testing procedures and the physicochemical properties of the organic contaminant are the primary driving factors affecting the selection of substrate type, sediment handling procedures, solvent carrier and mixing method. Finally, we provide recommendations concerning storage and characterization of the substrate, equilibrium times and verification of both equilibration and homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Davide Marchetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Martina Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy
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Schiano Di Lombo M, Weeks-Santos S, Clérandeau C, Triffault-Bouchet G, Langlois Valérie S, Couture P, Cachot J. Comparative developmental toxicity of conventional oils and diluted bitumen on early life stages of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 239:105937. [PMID: 34450521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons are widely used and transported, increasing the risks of spills to the environment. Although conventional oils are the most commonly produced, the production of unconventional oils (i.e. diluted bitumen or dilbit) is increasing. In this study, we compared the effects of conventional oils (Arabian Light and Lloydminster) and dilbits (Bluesky and Clearwater) on early life stages of a salmonid. To this end, aqueous fractions (WAF: water accommodated fraction) of these oils were extracted using mountain spring water. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae were exposed to 10 and 50% dilutions of these WAFs from hatching (340 DD; degree days) until yolk sac resorption (541 DD). Exposure to WAFs increased skeletal malformations (both dilbits) and hemorrhage (both conventional oils and Bluesky) and decreased head growth (Arabian Light). In addition, increases in EROD activity and DNA damage were measured for all oils and an increase in cyp1a gene expression was measured for Arabian Light, Bluesky and Clearwater. The PAH and C10C50 concentrations were positively correlated to total larval EROD activity, whereas concentrations of total hydrocarbons, VOCs, PAHs, and C10C50 were positively correlated to cyp1a expression. Total hydrocarbon, VOC, and C10C50 concentrations were also negatively correlated to larval growth. This study supports that petroleum hydrocarbons are toxic to early developmental stages of rainbow trout and show that their degree and spectrum of toxicity depends on their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Schiano Di Lombo
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE EPOC UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Gaëlle Triffault-Bouchet
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - S Langlois Valérie
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrice Couture
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE EPOC UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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Rigaud C, Eriksson A, Rokka A, Skaugen M, Lihavainen J, Keinänen M, Lehtivuori H, Vehniäinen ER. Retene, pyrene and phenanthrene cause distinct molecular-level changes in the cardiac tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae, part 2 - Proteomics and metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141161. [PMID: 32750582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are global contaminants of concern. Despite several decades of research, their mechanisms of toxicity are not very well understood. Early life stages of fish are particularly sensitive with the developing cardiac tissue being a main target of PAHs toxicity. The mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of the three widespread model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) retene, pyrene and phenanthrene were explored in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) early life stages. Newly hatched larvae were exposed to sublethal doses of each individual PAH causing no detectable morphometric alterations. Changes in the cardiac proteome and metabolome were assessed after 7 or 14 days of exposure to each PAH. Phase I and II enzymes regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor were significantly induced by all PAHs, with retene being the most potent compound. Retene significantly altered the level of several proteins involved in key cardiac functions such as muscle contraction, cellular tight junctions or calcium homeostasis. Those findings were quite consistent with previous reports regarding the effects of retene on the cardiac transcriptome. Significant changes in proteins linked to iron and heme metabolism were observed following exposure to pyrene. While phenanthrene also altered the levels of several proteins in the cardiac tissue, no clear mechanisms or pathways could be highlighted. Due to high variability between samples, very few significant changes were detected in the cardiac metabolome overall. Slight but significant changes were still observed for pyrene and phenanthrene, suggesting possible effects on several energetic or signaling pathways. This study shows that early exposure to different PAHs can alter the expression of key proteins involved in the cardiac function, which could potentially affect negatively the fitness of the larvae and later of the juvenile fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Andreas Eriksson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Morten Skaugen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jenna Lihavainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Heli Lehtivuori
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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6
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Beirão J, Baillon L, Litt MA, Langlois VS, Purchase CF. Impact of crude oil and the dispersant Corexit™ EC9500A on capelin (Mallotus villosus) embryo development. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 147:90-100. [PMID: 31023559 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine food webs are particularly vulnerable to oil spills if keystone species are impacted. To quantify lethal and sublethal toxicity in a key Holarctic forage fish, capelin embryos were exposed to Hibernia crude oil water accommodated fraction (WAF) produced at an oil-to-water ratio of 1:9 (v:v) and chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF) produced with the dispersant Corexit™ EC9500A at a dispersant-to-oil ratio of 1:10 (CEWAF H) or 1:50 (CEWAF L). Corexit alone yielded similar embryotoxicity to CEWAF. 10% CEWAF H, with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of 99.2 μg/L, decreased embryo survival following 10 h of exposure, while continual exposed to 1% CEWAF L decreased hatching and heart rates. Concentrations down to 0.1% CEWAF L increased in a dose-dependent manner the transcript level of cytochrome P4501a1 (cyp1a1) in hatched larvae. These data indicate that embryo-larval survival of capelin is likely at risk if an oil spill coincides in space and time with spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Beirão
- Fish Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO - 8049, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Lucie Baillon
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Margaret A Litt
- Fish Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Valérie S Langlois
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Craig F Purchase
- Fish Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
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Uno S, Kokushi E, Kawano M, McElroy AE, Koyama J. Toxic evaluations of sediments in Tokyo Bay, Japan, using Japanese medaka embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27702-27709. [PMID: 27623855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic risks of sediments collected from seven sites in Tokyo Bay were evaluated using Japanese medaka embryos. Those sediments with slight pore water were placed in grass petri dishes without overlying water. The most remarkable effect in the field sediment was to cause hatching delay in embryos, and the longest time until hatching took was 12.5 ± 1.6 days post-fertilization (dpf), although that in control group was 10.1 ± 0.7 dpf. A significant delay in hatching was observed at four sites. Because total carbon concentrations were relatively high in sediments at three of these four sites, several chemicals were expected to be residues in these sites and could cause their delay. Although extreme mortality was not observed at all sites, sediments collected from the site close to Kawasaki city induced 10 % mortality. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were remarkably high at this site compared with other sites, and thus PAH toxicities could be causing the mortality. Concentration of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in sediments were also determined, but no clear relationship was found between toxicities to embryos and the distribution of their concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Uno
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
| | - Emiko Kokushi
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Machi Kawano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Anne E McElroy
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Jiro Koyama
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
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Barjhoux I, Clérandeau C, Menach KL, Anschutz P, Gonzalez P, Budzinski H, Morin B, Baudrimont M, Cachot J. A comprehensive study of the toxicity of natural multi-contaminated sediments: New insights brought by the use of a combined approach using the medaka embryo-larval assay and physico-chemical analyses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:509-521. [PMID: 28478377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sediment compartment is a long term sink for pollutants and a secondary source of contamination for aquatic species. The abiotic factors controlling the bioavailability and thus the toxicity of complex mixtures of pollutants accumulated in sediments are poorly documented. To highlight the different factors influencing sediment toxicity, we identified and analyzed the physico-chemical properties, micro-pollutant contents, and toxicity level of six contrasted sediments in the Lot-Garonne continuum. Sediment toxicity was evaluated using the recently described Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval assay with direct exposure to whole sediment (MELAc). Multiple toxicity endpoints including embryotoxicity, developmental defects and DNA damage were analyzed in exposed embryos. Chemical analyses revealed significant variations in the nature and contamination profile of sediments, mainly impacted by metallic trace elements and, unexpectedly, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Exposure to sediments induced different toxic impacts on medaka early life stages when compared with the reference site. Principal component analysis showed that the toxic responses following exposure to sediments from the Lot River and its tributary were associated with micro-pollutant contamination: biometric measurements, hatching success, genotoxicity, craniofacial deformities and yolk sac malabsorption were specifically correlated to metallic and organic contaminants. Conversely, the main biological responses following exposure to the Garonne River sediments were more likely related to their physico-chemical properties than to their contamination level. Time to hatch, cardiovascular injuries and spinal deformities were correlated to organic matter content, fine particles and dissolved oxygen levels. These results emphasize the necessity of combining physico-chemical analysis of sediment with toxicity assessment to accurately evaluate the environmental risks associated with sediment contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Barjhoux
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Anschutz
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
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9
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Nahrgang J, Dubourg P, Frantzen M, Storch D, Dahlke F, Meador JP. Early life stages of an arctic keystone species (Boreogadus saida) show high sensitivity to a water-soluble fraction of crude oil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:605-614. [PMID: 27506648 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing anthropogenic activities in the Arctic represent an enhanced threat for oil pollution in a marine environment that is already at risk from climate warming. In particular, this applies to species with free-living pelagic larvae that aggregate in surface waters and under the sea ice where hydrocarbons are likely to remain for extended periods of time due to low temperatures. We exposed the positively buoyant eggs of polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an arctic keystone species, to realistic concentrations of a crude oil water-soluble fraction (WSF), mimicking exposure of eggs aggregating under the ice to oil WSF leaking from brine channels following encapsulation in ice. Total hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels were in the ng/L range, with most exposure concentrations below the limits of detection throughout the experiment for all treatments. The proportion of viable, free-swimming larvae decreased significantly with dose and showed increases in the incidence and severity of spine curvature, yolk sac alterations and a reduction in spine length. These effects are expected to compromise the motility, feeding capacity, and predator avoidance during critical early life stages for this important species. Our results imply that the viability and fitness of polar cod early life stages is significantly reduced when exposed to extremely low and environmentally realistic levels of aqueous hydrocarbons, which may have important implications for arctic food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Nahrgang
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Paul Dubourg
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Daniela Storch
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Flemming Dahlke
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - James P Meador
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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10
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Barhoumi B, Clérandeau C, Landi L, Pichon A, Le Bihanic F, Poirier D, Anschutz P, Budzinski H, Driss MR, Cachot J. Assessing the toxicity of sediments using the medaka embryo-larval assay and 2 other bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2270-2280. [PMID: 26823140 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are sinks for aquatic pollutants, and analyzing toxicity in such complex matrices is still challenging. To evaluate the toxicity of bioavailable pollutants accumulated in sediments from the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia), a novel assay, the medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact, was applied. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were incubated in direct contact with sediment samples up to hatching. Lethal and sublethal adverse effects were recorded in embryos and larvae up to 20 d postfertilization. Results from medaka embryo-larval assay were compared with cytotoxicity (Microtox®), genotoxicity (SOS chromotest), and pollutant content of sediments. The results highlight differences in the contamination profile and toxicity pattern between the different studied sediments. A significant correlation was shown between medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact and SOS chromotest responses and concentrations of most organic pollutants studied. No correlation was shown between pollutant levels and Microtox. According to the number of sediment samples detected as toxic, medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact was more sensitive than Microtox, which in turn was more sensitive than the SOS chromotest; and medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact allowed sediment toxicity assessment of moderately polluted sediments without pollutant extraction and using an ecologically realistic exposure scenario. Although medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact should be tested on a larger sample set, the results show that it is sensitive and convenient enough to monitor the toxicity of natural sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2270-2280. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Laure Landi
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Anaïk Pichon
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Poirier
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Anschutz
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
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Marlatt VL, Sherrard R, Kennedy CJ, Elphick JR, Martyniuk CJ. Application of molecular endpoints in early life stage salmonid environmental biomonitoring. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 173:178-191. [PMID: 26874677 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular endpoints can enhance existing whole animal bioassays by more fully characterizing the biological impacts of aquatic pollutants. Laboratory and field studies were used to examine the utility of adopting molecular endpoints for a well-developed in situ early life stage (eyed embryo to onset of swim-up fry) salmonid bioassay to improve diagnostic assessments of water quality in the field. Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) were exposed in the laboratory to the model metal (zinc, 40μg/L) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pyrene, 100μg/L) in water to examine the resulting early life stage salmonid responses. In situ field exposures and bioassays were conducted in parallel to evaluate the water quality of three urban streams in British Columbia (two sites with anthropogenic inputs and one reference site). The endpoints measured in swim-up fry included survival, deformities, growth (weight and length), vitellogenin (vtg) and metallothionein (Mt) protein levels, and hepatic gene expression (e.g., metallothioneins [mta and mtb], endocrine biomarkers [vtg and estrogen receptors, esr] and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes [cytochrome P450 1A3, cyp1a3 and glutathione transferases, gstk]). No effects were observed in the zinc treatment, however exposure of swim-up fry to pyrene resulted in decreased survival, deformities and increased estrogen receptor alpha (er1) mRNA levels. In the field exposures, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (cyp1a3, gstk) and zinc transporter (zntBigM103) mRNA were significantly increased in swim-up fry deployed at the sites with more anthropogenic inputs compared to the reference site. Cluster analysis revealed that gene expression profiles in individuals from the streams receiving anthropogenic inputs were more similar to each other than to the reference site. Collectively, the results obtained in this study suggest that molecular endpoints may be useful, and potentially more sensitive, indicators of site-specific contamination in real-world, complex exposure scenarios in addition to whole body morphometric and physiological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon, Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Ryan Sherrard
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Chris J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon, Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Nautilus Environmental, 8664 Commerce Court, Imperial Square Lake City, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4N71, Canada
| | - James R Elphick
- Nautilus Environmental, 8664 Commerce Court, Imperial Square Lake City, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4N71, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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Morthorst JE, Korsgaard B, Bjerregaard P. Severe malformations of eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) fry are induced by maternal estrogenic exposure during early embryogenesis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 113:80-87. [PMID: 26613261 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant eelpout were exposed via the water to known endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) to clarify if EDCs could be causing the increased eelpout fry malformation frequencies observed in coastal areas receiving high anthropogenic input. The presence of a teratogenic window for estrogen-induced malformations was also investigated by starting the exposure at different times during eelpout pregnancy. Both 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) (17.8 ng/L) and pyrene (0.5 μg/L) significantly increased fry malformation frequency whereas 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP) up to 14.3 μg/L did not. Vitellogenin was significantly induced by EE2 (5.7 and 17.8 ng/L) but not by 4-t-OP and pyrene. A critical period for estrogen-induced fry malformations was identified and closed between 14 and 22 days post fertilization (dpf). Exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) between 0 and 14 dpf caused severe malformations and severity increased the closer exposure start was to fertilization, whereas malformations were absent by exposure starting later than 14 dpf. Data on ovarian fluid volume and larval length supported the suggested teratogenic window. Larval mortality also increased when exposure started right after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - Bodil Korsgaard
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - Poul Bjerregaard
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark.
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Le Bihanic F, Sommard V, Perrine DL, Pichon A, Grasset J, Berrada S, Budzinski H, Cousin X, Morin B, Cachot J. Environmental concentrations of benz[a]anthracene induce developmental defects and DNA damage and impair photomotor response in Japanese medaka larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:321-8. [PMID: 25528488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) is a ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in numerous aquatic ecosystems. However, ecotoxicological data in aquatic organisms are scarce. To remedy this lack of data, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to BaA and toxic effects were investigated at multiple toxicological endpoints. Japanese medaka embryos were incubated onto BaA-spiked artificial sediment for 9 days at low or moderate environmental concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 12 µgg(-1) dw. BaA-exposed embryos exhibited significant tachycardia. BaA exposure was also shown to increase CYP1A activity in the hepato-biliary tissue as well as craniofacial deformities and DNA damage in pro-larvae. The photomotor response of BaA-exposed larvae was reduced in comparison to the control group. According to this set of tests, the lowest tested and observed effect concentration (LOEC) for Japanese medaka early life stages was equivalent to 0.92 µgg(-1) dw of BaA. This concentration fall into the range of concentrations frequently encountered in sediments of polluted aquatic ecosystems. Taking into consideration these results, BaA represents a threat for fish early life stages in particular those developing onto or into contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivien Sommard
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | | | - Anaïk Pichon
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Julie Grasset
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | | | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- IFREMER, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France; INRA LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France.
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Cousin X, Cachot J. PAHs and fish--exposure monitoring and adverse effects--from molecular to individual level. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13685-13688. [PMID: 24981031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cousin
- IFREMER, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137, L'Houmeau, France,
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