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Tikoria R, Kaur A, Ohri P. Physiological, biochemical and structural changes in tomato plants by vermicompost application in different exposure periods under glass house conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107656. [PMID: 37001305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In modern era, various inorganic fertilizers and pesticides are used as plant growth supplements in a variety of crop in order to gain maximum output and also reported as hazardous to mankind as well as environment. In addition, some of the plants died in initial phase of the growth after germination due to poor nutrient content of the soil or exposure to biotic stresses. In the beginning of sustainable agriculture, these chemical fertilizers were replaced with some alternative growth boosters such as organic fertilizers. In the present study, vermicompost was prepared using garden waste and cattle dung followed by analysis of various physico-chemical properties. Then tomato seeds were allowed to germinate in soil and supplemented with different doses of vermicompost (0-100%). The plants were harvested after 10 and 45 days of their germination and tissues were subjected to analysis of various morphological and biochemical parameters. Morphological parameters included root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and number of leaves. Whereas biochemical parameters such as protein content, antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, tocopherol), osmolytes (proline, carbohydrate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid) and secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin) were estimated on UV-visible spectrophotometer using standard protocols. Further, structural analysis of plant tissue was done using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR) and carbon hydrogen nitrogen (CHN) elemental analyzer. Results obtained from the present study revealed significant difference in all morphological and biochemical markers at both 10 and 45 days intervals of time. Further, growth of all plants was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of vermicompost and exposure duration. FTIR spectra and CHN analyses reveal the breakdown of various complex compounds and their transformation from Vcom amended soil to roots of plants. This is the first study in which significant changes were observed in growth, physiology and structural composition of tomato plants at two different exposure periods (10 and 45 days) under glass house conditions which further concluded that vermicompost has a significant potential for increasing plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Tikoria
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Kauser H, Saumya S, Haq I, Khwairakpam M. Biological treatment of Climbing Hempweed biomass through optimized composting technologies - Toxicity assessment and morphological study of Abelmoschus esculentus. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115631. [PMID: 35816964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climbing Hempweed (CH) is one of the top ten most obnoxious weeds on the planet, as well as one of the most destructive weeds. Its disastrous spread on the agricultural field has hampered the production of a wide range of crops. Various management techniques have been used to eradicate the weed, but none have been completely successful. As a result, management through the use of weed biomass will aid in the eradication of the weed as well as the production of a value-added product. To utilize invasive weed CH for the production of rotary drum compost (R1) and rotary drum followed by vermicompost (V1), two composting technologies were used. These technologies are being compared on several physicochemical parameters to determine their efficacy. V1 compost had the highest total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (3.01%), potassium (3.45%), and total phosphorus (16.42 g/kg) levels, while R1 compost had 2.58% TKN, 2.8% potassium, and 14.25 g/kg total phosphorus. Subsequently, the increasing trends in mitotic index (%) of R1 and V1 samples imply that the cytotoxic effects of CH were decreased due to composting and vermicomposting processes. Genotoxicity assessment revealed that an aberration percentage of 1.64 was observed in 100% concentration of V1 (after 30 days) and 4.34% in R1(after 20 days). R1 and V1 were used to evaluate the performance of Abelmoschus esculentus where the highest fruit harvest was seen at 25% amended R1 compost and 35% amended V1 compost. The application of 25-35% R1 compost and 35-40% V1 compost was found to be the most beneficial for the development of Abelmoschus esculentus. There was no significant difference in heavy metal (Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, and Zn) content in the fruit of Abelmoschus esculentus post-application of R1 and V1 compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Kauser
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Shuchi Saumya
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Izharul Haq
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Meena Khwairakpam
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Martins GA, Corrêa LB, Guidoni LLC, Lucia T, Gerber MD, Silva FMR, Corrêa EK. Toxicity and physicochemical parameters of composts including distinct residues from agribusiness and slaughterhouse sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:75-82. [PMID: 34871883 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Composting is useful for treatment of residues from agribusiness, but the potential toxicity of the final compost should be evaluated before its agricultural destination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and the toxicity of agribusiness residues using onion seeds as bioindicators. All tested treatments were composed by sludge from a swine slaughterhouse and sawdust. Besides the control, which included no additional materials, the other treatments included aviary bedding, rice husk and residue from tobacco industries as structuring materials. After 120 days of composting, for all treatments, the temperature inside the composting piles approached the environmental temperature, the physicochemical parameters indicated that the composts were stabilized and, except for the treatment including tobacco residues, that could be used for agriculture without impairing plant germination. Although the treatments including tobacco residues and rice husk showed evidence of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at the beginning of the composting period, that was not observed for the treatment including aviary bedding. Such potential toxicity was not observed at the end of composting for any of the tested treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Martins
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - L B Corrêa
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - L L C Guidoni
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; ReproPel, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - T Lucia
- ReproPel, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M D Gerber
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F M R Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - E K Corrêa
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Kumar V, Shahi SK, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Bilal M, Biswas JK, Bulgariu L. Detection and characterization of refractory organic and inorganic pollutants discharged in biomethanated distillery effluent and their phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity assessment using Phaseolus aureus L. and Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111551. [PMID: 34192556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The color effluent discharged by alcohol distilleries comprises very high pollution loads due to the plethora of refractory chemicals even after anaerobic treatment and causing adverse effects to the environment. The present study aimed to examine the phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of the identified refractory organic and inorganic pollutants discharged in bio-methanated distillery effluent (BMDE). Physico-chemical analyses revealed that BMDE retains high BOD, COD, TDS along with heavy metals like Fe (572.64 mg L-1), Mn (4.269 mg L-1), Cd (1.631 mg L-1), Zn (2.547 mg L-1), Pb (1.262 mg L-1), (Cr 1.257 mg L-1), and Ni (0.781 mg L-1) beyond the permissible limits for effluent discharge. GC-MS analysis revelaed the presence of hexadecanoic acid, TMS ester; octadecanoic acid, TMS ester; 2,3 bis[(TMS)oxy]propyl ester; stigmasterol TMS ether; β-sitosterol TMS ester; hexacosanoic acid; and tetradecanoic acid, TMS ester as major refractory organic pollutants, which are listed as potential endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) as per USEPA. Furthermore, phytotoxicity assessment with Phaseolus aureus L. showed the toxic nature of BMDE as it inhibited various seedling growth parameters, seed germination, and suppression of α-amylase activity in seed germination experiment. Moreover, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of the discharged BMDE evidenced in root-tip meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. where chromosomal aberration such as disturbed metaphase, c-mitosis, laggard chromosomes, sticky chromosomes, prolonged prophase, polyploid cells, and apoptotic bodies etc. were observed. Thus, this study's results suggested that BMDE discharged without adequate treatment poses potential risk to environment and may cause a variety of serious health threats in living beings upon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Life Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.
| | - Sushil Kumar Shahi
- Department of Botany, School of Life Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITR), Tiradentes University, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil; Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Laura Bulgariu
- Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Iaşi, Romania
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Sohal B, Singh S, Singh SIK, Bhat SA, Kaur J, Singh J, Vig AP. Comparing the nutrient changes, heavy metals, and genotoxicity assessment before and after vermicomposting of thermal fly ash using Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48154-48170. [PMID: 33904127 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA) is available in an unstable state and can be ameliorated by vermicomposting. The different ratios of FA viz (FA10, FA15, FA20, FA25, FA50, FA75) were mixed with another organic waste, i.e., cattle dung. Supportive effects of FA were seen on the reproductive parameters of the earthworms up to FA25. Some beneficial changes have been reported in pH, EC, TOC, TKN, TAP, TNa, TK, and potentially toxic heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb). The genotoxicity test was performed to assess the toxic effects of the fly ash which has not been done till now. Low genotoxicity potential and high onion root growth were observed in the post-vermicompost samples which were not even reported yet by any other study. These results clearly indicated that the vermicomposting process offers the best option to manage the FA by converting it into an ecofriendly, nutrient-rich, and properly detoxified manure with the help of earthworms which also indicate its economically best-fit applications for the large scale agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sohal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | | | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Abstract
Solid waste open dumping in developing countries is a global concern. To move towards sustainable development, mixed waste should be reduced, and recyclable waste recovered. The aim of the current research was to find appropriate solutions to disposable used baby-diapers recycling in Bolivia since it is a waste fraction widely produced and commonly disposed of in open dumps. Composting of the organic diaper hydrogel was assessed in five trials, adding components available locally: cow dung, activated bacteria, and Californian red earthworms (Eisenia fetida). It was observed that about 60 days were globally required for biomass decomposition with cow dung, activated bacteria, and earthworms, and more than 70 days for the treatment of the substrate mixed only with manure, while the diaper hydrogel did not degrade without cow dung. This research is the first that attempted to treat disposable used baby diapers with the vermicomposting process. In general, the outcomes of the research are promising: vermicomposting with cow manure can be a recycling option for disposable used baby diapers, introducing appropriate practices toward a circular economy in developing regions.
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Bhat SA, Cui G, Li F, Vig AP. Biomonitoring of genotoxicity of industrial wastes using plant bioassays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rosculete CA, Bonciu E, Rosculete E, Olaru LA. Determination of the Environmental Pollution Potential of Some Herbicides by the Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects on Allium cepa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:E75. [PMID: 30597898 PMCID: PMC6339023 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the potential for the pollution of the environment by two herbicides (quizalofop-p-ethyl and cycloxydim), using the Allium test. The species in question is Allium cepa (onion, 2n = 16), one of the most common plant indicators of environmental pollution. The working method consisted of obtaining the meristematic roots of Allium cepa and their treatment with herbicides at three different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) for each herbicide for 24 h, for comparison with an untreated control. The results obtained from the cytological study indicated a strong cytotoxic and genotoxic effect for both herbicides, but especially for quizalofop-p-ethyl, where the mitotic index decreased from 30.2% (control) to 9.6% for the variant treated with 1.5% herbicide. In this case, a strong mitodepressive effect was shown by a highly significant percentage (35.4%) of chromosomal aberrations and nuclear alterations: stickiness, fragments, C-mitosis, lobulated nucleus, micronuclei, and nuclear erosion. The mitodepressive effect as well as the percentage of chromosomal aberrations increased with a higher herbicide concentration. The obtained results suggest the strong potential for pollution of the two herbicides, particularly at concentrations higher than 0.5%; therefore, we recommend caution in their use to avoid undesirable effects on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Aurelian Rosculete
- Department of Land Measurement, Management, Mechanization, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Elena Bonciu
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Elena Rosculete
- Department of Land Measurement, Management, Mechanization, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Liviu Aurel Olaru
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585 Craiova, Romania.
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Zhang L, Sun X. Influence of sugar beet pulp and paper waste as bulking agents on physical, chemical, and microbial properties during green waste composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:182-191. [PMID: 30021150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Composting is considered to be a natural, sustainable, and highly beneficial method for solid waste disposal. The objective of this study was to investigate the two-stage composting of green waste (GW) as affected by the addition of sugar beet pulp (SBP; at 0, 25, and 35%) and/or paper waste (PW; at 0, 5, and 10%) as bulking agents. The combination of SBP and PW greatly improved the composting conditions and the final compost quality in terms of composting temperature; pH; emissions of ammonia, nitrite nitrogen, and carbon dioxide; lignocellulose degradation; microbial abundance; enzyme activities; particle-size distribution; the ratio of water-soluble organic carbon to organic nitrogen; and phytotoxicity. The optimal two-stage composting process of GW and the highest quality compost product were obtained with the combination of 25% SBP and 10% PW. This optimal combination of bulking agents produced a mature and stable final compost product in only 20 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Caetano MO, Kieling AG, Raimondi RL, Gomes LP, Schneider IAH. Ecotoxicity tests with Allium cepa to determine the efficiency of rice husk ash in the treatment of groundwater contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12849-12858. [PMID: 29476372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The validation of adsorption treatment based on toxicity assays aims to assess the actual environmental impact caused by effluents after treatment. This study describes the use of rice husk ash as adsorbent and evaluates the efficiency of adsorption treatment to remediate groundwater contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). The synthetic effluent was prepared with standard benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene solutions. Adsorption was assessed at treatment times 0, 60, 120, and 240 min. Compounds were quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The treatment was validated based on ecotoxicity assays using Allium cepa as indicator organism. For the treatment times stipulated, samples containing 25, 50, and 100% of BTEX were used. The dilutions were carried out with drinking water according to Fiskesjö (1985). The relative growth index (RGI), root inhibition index (Ii), and germination index (GI) confirmed the efficiency of the treatment approach tested. The best adsorption time for an initial BTEX concentration of 3.378 mg/L was 60 min. Critical level (EC50) and critical concentration that induced phytotoxic effect on A. cepa germination was observed only for the undiluted effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Oliveira Caetano
- Civil Engineering Graduate Program-UNISINOS, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Gonçalves Kieling
- Civil Engineering Graduate Program-UNISINOS, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Luis Raimondi
- Civil Engineering Graduate Program-UNISINOS, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Paulo Gomes
- Civil Engineering Graduate Program-UNISINOS, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Ivo André Homrich Schneider
- Mines, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Graduate Program - UFRGS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bhat SA, Singh S, Singh J, Kumar S, Vig AP. Bioremediation and detoxification of industrial wastes by earthworms: Vermicompost as powerful crop nutrient in sustainable agriculture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 252:172-179. [PMID: 29321101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vermicompost is the final product of the vermicomposting process involving the collective action of earthworms and microbes. During this process, the waste is converted into useful manure by reducing the harmful effects of waste. Toxicity of industrial wastes is evaluated by plant bioassays viz. Allium cepa and Vicia faba test. These bioassays are sensitive and cost-effective for the monitoring of environmental contamination. The valorization potential of earthworms and their ability to detoxify heavy metals in industrial wastes is because of their strong metabolic system and involvement of earthworm gut microbes and chloragocyte cells. Most of the studies reported that the vermicompost produced from organic wastes contains higher amounts of humic substances, which plays a major role in growth of plants. The present article discusses the detoxification of industrial wastes by earthworms and the role of final vermicompost in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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12
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Amelioration and degradation of pressmud and bagasse wastes using vermitechnology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:1097-1104. [PMID: 28764116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the amelioration of pressmud (PM) and bagasse (BG) wastes by the vermiremediation process. The wastes were spiked with cattle dung (CD) in different concentrations to find out the best proportion supporting maximum earthworm growth and nutrients availability. The highest growth rate was observed in PMBG50 (282.2mg/d/worm) feed mixture. Response surface design of earthworm growth parameters enumerated best concentration of wastes in CD with maximum value of 21.81% for earthworm number, 30.86% for earthworm weight, 27.09% for cocoons, 29.71% for hatchlings and 34.0% for hatchlings weight. Vermicomposting enhanced nutrient parameters like pH (6-8%), total kjeldahl nitrogen (19-48%), total phosphorus (9-67%), total calcium (13-111%), while decrease in total organic carbon (14-32%), electrical conductivity (21-30%), C:N ratio (36-51%), total potassium (9-19%) and total sodium (3-21%). Heavy metals in the final products were found to be under safe limits. SEM micrographs were more fragmented which indicated maturity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | | | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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13
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of vermicompost maturity. J Anal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-017-0112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Genotoxicity reduction in bagasse waste of sugar industry by earthworm technology. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1186. [PMID: 27516924 PMCID: PMC4963344 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxicity reduction in post vermicompost feed mixtures of bagasse (B) waste using earthworm Eisenia fetida. The genotoxicity of bagasse waste was determined by using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. Bagasse was amended with cattle dung in different proportions [0:100 (B0) 25:75 (B25), 50:50 (B50), 75:25 (B75) and 100:0 (B100)] on dry weight basis. Genotoxic effects of initial and post vermicompost bagasse extracts were analysed on the root tips cells of Allium cepa. Root length and mitotic index (MI) was found to be increased in post vermicompost extracts when compared to initial bagasse waste. The maximum percent increase of root length was observed in the B50 bagasse extract (96.60 %) and the maximum MI was observed in B100 mixture (14.20 ± 0.60) 6 h treatment which was similar to the control. Genotoxicity analysis of post vermicompost extracts of bagasse revealed a 21-44 % decline in the aberration frequencies and the maximum reduction was found in B75 extract (44.50 %). The increase in root length and mitotic index, as well as decrease in chromosomal aberrations indicates that E. fetida has the ability to reduce the genotoxicity of the bagasse waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- PG Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.56431/p-jh3zmh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.55.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Effect on Growth of Earthworm and Chemical Parameters During Vermicomposting of Pressmud Sludge Mixed with Cattle Dung Mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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