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Elmeknassi M, Elghali A, de Carvalho HWP, Laamrani A, Benzaazoua M. A review of organic and inorganic amendments to treat saline-sodic soils: Emphasis on waste valorization for a circular economy approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171087. [PMID: 38387577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization poses a significant challenge to the sustainable advancement of agriculture on a global scale. This environmental issue not only hampers plant growth and soil fertility but also hinders the advancement of the national economy due to restrictions on plant development. The utilization of organic and/or inorganic amendments has demonstrated the ability to mitigate the detrimental impacts of salt stress on plant life. At the outset, this review, in addition to summarizing current knowledge about soil amendments for saline-sodic soils, also aims to identify knowledge gaps requiring further research. The organic or inorganic amendments modify soil conditions and impact plant development. For instance, organic amendments have the potential to improve the structure of the soil, augment its capacity to retain water, and stimulate microbial activity. As this occurs, salts gradually leach through the porous structure of the soil. Conversely, inorganic amendments, such as gypsum and phosphogypsum, displace sodium from soil-negative sorption sites reducing the salinity, they also increase base saturation, altogether positively impacting plant growth conditions. This review emphasizes that, under adequate rates, the combination of organic and inorganic amendment has a high potential to enhance the poor physicochemical properties of saline-sodic soils, thereby reducing their salinity. Consequently, an in-depth examination of the mineral composition, texture, and chemical composition of the soil is required to choose the most effective amendment to implement. Future research necessitates a thorough investigation of techno-economic and life cycle assessment, with active involvement from stakeholders, to enhance the decision-making process of the amendments in specific localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Elmeknassi
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Abdellatif Elghali
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | | | - Ahmed Laamrani
- Center for Remote Sensing Applications, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Benzaazoua
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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Qiu J, De Souza MF, Wang X, Ok YS, Meers E. Influence of biochar addition and plant management (cutting and time) on ryegrass growth and migration of As and Pb during phytostabilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169771. [PMID: 38176551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Phytostabilization of metal-contaminated soils can be enabled or improved by biochar application. However, biochar-aided effects vary on biochar types, and little attention has been paid to plant management (time and cutting) to enhance phytostabilization efficiency in synergy with biochar. Therefore, biochars derived from pig manure (PM), Japanese knotweed (JK), and a mixture of both (P1J1) were applied to Pb and As mining soil with ryegrass cultivation to assess the biochar-induced effects on plant growth, dissolved organic matter (DOM), As and Pb mobility, and bioaccumulation within a phytostabilization strategy. Additional treatments involving the combined biochar (P1J1) and ryegrass were conducted to explore the influence of sequential cutting and growing time on facilitating phytostabilization efficacy. Biochar applications promoted plant growth, progressively increasing over time, but were not enhanced by cutting. Short and long-wavelength humic-like DOM substances identified in the soil pore water after biochar application varied depending on the biochar types used, providing evidence for the correlation among DOM changes, biochar origin, and metal immobilization. Biochar-treated soils exhibited reduced Pb availability and enhanced As mobility, with P1J1 stabilizing Pb significantly similar to PM while causing less As mobilization as JK did. The mobilized As did not result in increased plant As uptake; instead, all biochar-added plants showed a significant decrease in As and Pb concentrations compared to those without biochar. Soil available As decreased while available Pb increased with time, and cutting did not influence soil As behavior but did reduce soil Pb release. Nevertheless, plant As and Pb concentrations decreased over time, whereas those in multiple-cut plants were generally higher than those without cuts. Biochar, especially P1J1, along with growth time, holds promise in promoting plant biomass, reducing plant Pb and As concentrations, and minimizing the migration of PbAs within the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marcella Fernandes De Souza
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Future Energy Center, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University, 722 23 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Zhou Z, Xia L, Wang X, Wu C, Liu J, Li J, Lu Z, Song S, Zhu J, Montes ML, Benzaazoua M. Coal slime as a good modifier for the restoration of copper tailings with improved soil properties and microbial function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109266-109282. [PMID: 37759064 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the solid wastes from the coal industry have been widely used as soil amendments. Nevertheless, the impact of utilizing coal slime for copper tailing restoration in terms of plant growth, physicochemical characteristics of the tailing soil, and microbial succession remains uncertain.Herein, the coal slime was employed as a modifier into copper tailings. Their effect on the growth and physiological response of Ryegrass, and the soil physicochemical properties as well as the bacterial community structure were investigated. The results indicated that after a 30-day of restoration, the addition of coal slime at a ratio of 40% enhanced plant growth, with a 21.69% rise in chlorophyll content, and a 62.44% increase in peroxidase activity. The addition of 40% coal slime also increased the content of nutrient elements in copper tailings. Following a 20-day period of restoration, the concentrations of available copper and available zinc in the modified tailings decreased by 39.6% and 48.51%, respectively, with 40% of coal slime added. In the meantime, there was an observed augmentation in the species diversity of the bacterial community in the modified tailings. The alterations in both community structure and function were primarily influenced by variations in pH value, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and available copper. The addition of 40% coal slime makes the physicochemical properties and microbial community evolution of copper tailings reach a balance point. The utilization of coal slime has the potential to enhance the physicochemical characteristics of tailings and promote the proliferation of microbial communities, hence facilitating the soil evolution of two distinct solid waste materials. Consequently, the application of coal slime in the restoration of heavy metal tailings is a viable approach, offering both cost-effectiveness and efficacy as an enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xizhuo Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Instituto de Física de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, 78000, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Zijing Lu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoxian Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wenzhi Street 34, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Hubei Sanxin Gold Copper Limited Company, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | | | - Mostafa Benzaazoua
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Geology and Sustainable Mining, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Turner LE, Dhar A, Naeth MA, Chanasyk DS, Nichol CK. Effect of soil capping depth on phosphogypsum stack revegetation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:50166-50176. [PMID: 35224698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum is a by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production process and is typically stacked at the production sites. These stacks can potentially pose environmental hazards, which can be substantially reduced through reclamation by capping with soil and revegetation upon decommissioning. We conducted a study on a phosphogypsum stack using five soil capping depths (8, 15, 30, 46, 91 cm), an uncapped treatment, and five vegetation treatments (monocultures of four grass species Agrostis stolonifera L., Festuca ovina L., Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv., Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H.F. Lewis and one mix of the four species with Trifolium hybridum L.) to assess plant growth, health, rooting characteristics, and trace element uptake. Cobalt and nickel concentrations in plant tissue from plots with ≥ 15 cm soil capping were within ranges found at reference sites, whereas fluorine was three times elevated. Vegetation cover was significantly greater on capped than uncapped plots, being greatest for Agropyron trachycaulum (26%) and Festuca ovina (26%). Capping depths ≥ 15 cm had greater cover, biomass, and healthy plants than the 8 cm cover. Soil water content was similar in the 15-46 cm capping depth, with the lowest in the 91-cm caps. Fluorine, cobalt, and nickel were elevated in select plant tissue samples on the research plots relative to references, and cap depth affected tissue fluorine and cobalt concentrations but not nickel. Concentrations of these trace elements were lower than maximum tolerable levels for animal consumption. From this 5-year study, Agropyron trachycaulum and Festuca ovina and a soil cover depth of ≥ 15 cm are recommended for reclamation of phosphogypsum stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore E Turner
- City of Beaumont, Beaumont, AB, Canada
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Bldg, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Amalesh Dhar
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Bldg, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - M Anne Naeth
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Bldg, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada.
| | - David S Chanasyk
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Bldg, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Connie K Nichol
- Agrium Fort Saskatchewan Nitrogen Operations, 11751 River Rd., AB, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada
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Willey N, Timbs P. Radioactivity in Future Phosphogypsum: New predictions based on estimates of 'Peak P' and rock phosphate resources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 244-245:106828. [PMID: 35123301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global food supplies currently depend on producing inorganic P fertilisers from a finite reserve of rock phosphate (RP). P fertilisers are themselves significant pollutants but their production from RP also leaves a phosphogypsum (PG) by-product that is sufficiently radioactive that its reuse is restricted. PG is mostly accumulated in open 'stacks' that make up a significant proportion of all Technologically Enhanced Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) waste. Using lower and upper estimates of current RP reserves, historic production, and Hubbert's logistic function-based 'peak theory', lower and upper boundaries for possible RP production were predicted to the year 2100. The 'low' boundary scenario had a production peak of c.350 Mt/a RP in c.2050 followed by a steep decline. The 'high' boundary scenario had a production peak of c.1200 Mt/a RP in about 2090. Future trends in P demand for food production were used to predict a possible, demand-driven, RP production scenario until 2100 which peaked at a demand of c.620 Mt/a RP and was within possible production boundaries. An RP:P ratio of 5.62:1 and PG:P fertiliser ratio of 4:1 was used to calculate that this predicted demand-driven scenario would ultimately produce nearly 350 Mt/a of PG and a cumulative total of c.30 Gt by 2100. Average PG activity concentrations of 226Ra (650 Bq/kg), 210Po (300 Bq/kg) and 230Th (100 Bq/kg) give a total of c.30 PBq radioactivity in this by-product. Humanity is faced with a phosphorus dilemma - if the low production scenario unfolds it threatens food security but if predicted demand for P is met from RP the environmental challenges arising from P fertiliser use will be profound and exacerbated by a significant radioactive waste challenge. The estimates reported here show that studies of environmental radioactivity have a role to play in debates about P resources and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Willey
- Centre for Research In Bioscience, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
| | - Patrick Timbs
- Centre for Research In Bioscience, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
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Phosphogypsum and its potential use in Croatia: challenges and opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 72:93-100. [PMID: 34187110 PMCID: PMC8265199 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste by-product (residue) originating from the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilisers. PG contains chemical and radioactive impurities, which is why it is mostly stockpiled in controlled areas. Worldwide, only about 15 % of PG is recycled or reused. Today, policies and business strategies prioritise sustainable development through circular economy, which certainly includes PG. This provides new opportunities for Croatia to manage its PG and make an effort to use it as an additive in different industries, such as agriculture and construction. Due to its chemical and radiological properties, PG can potentially cause problems for the environment and human health. Hence, before using PG, detailed knowledge of potential hazards is necessary to protect people and the environment. The aim of this review is to summarise available data on Croatian PG, compare them with other countries, and to identify knowledge gaps and the lack of data on potential hazardous substances in PG in order to assess the opportunities of using PG in Croatia.
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Low-Carbon Sustainable Composites from Waste Phosphogypsum and Their Environmental Impacts. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial waste from the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizer. Disposal and landfill of PG pose significant environmental problems due to its hazardous components. Although many researchers have explored the possibility of PG recycling, challenges still exist before it can be high-effectively reused. In particular, a great deal of recent attention has been attracted to explore using PG as raw material to manufacture sustainable composites. The impurities movement, recycling efficiency, and environmental impacts have to be further investigated. This review article summarized the state of the art of the purification process, application areas, and the environmental impacts of PG waste. The main challenges and potential application approaches were discussed. This article is focused on reviewing the details of the PG reusing which benefits the readers on learning the knowledge from previous efforts. The main challenges of reusing PG were discussed from the chemical, physical, and materials perspectives.
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Adeoye C, Gupta J, Demers N, Adhikari A. Variations of radon and airborne particulate matter near three large phosphogypsum stacks in Florida. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:284. [PMID: 33876293 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1 billion tons of phosphogypsum (PG), a by-product of the fertilizer industry, are currently stacked in Florida. PG emits radon gas, which is a risk factor for lung cancer and can also increase particulate matter (PM) associated non-cancer mortality in exposed individuals. We measured concentrations of atmospheric radon and particulate matter near PG stacks and their short-term variations at different distances to estimate exposures in nearby communities. Specifically, we measured atmospheric levels of radon, and mass concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and number concentrations of PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, and PM10 near three large PG stacks in Florida. Atmospheric radon was collected at distances of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 miles downwind from three large PG stacks using charcoal-based kits and measured by liquid scintillation counting. A professional radon monitor was used to take 24-h-average radon reading at 5.0 miles from each stack for comparison purposes. The median (IQR) radon levels were 0.325 (0.150, 0.675), 0.150 (0.150, 0.650), and 0.500 (0.150, 0.700) pCi/L at 2.5, 5, and 7.5 miles, respectively. The median (IQR) PM2.5 levels were 5 (4, 6), 5 (3, 7), and 5 (2, 9) µg/m3 at 2.5, 5, and 7.5 miles, respectively. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test could not detect any association between radon or PM levels and distances (2.5-7 miles) from PG stacks. With scintillation counting, median radon levels detected were above the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended standard in some of the sites; however, much higher levels were detected through the more advanced digital monitor. PM2.5 levels were below the US-EPA 24-h average national ambient air quality standard in the study area. We conclude that ambient radon levels near PG stacks could exceed US EPA recommended outdoor standards and do not vary within a short distance from the sources, implying similar exposures in nearby communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Adeoye
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Jayanta Gupta
- Marieb College of Health & Human Services, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Nora Demers
- College of Arts & Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Atin Adhikari
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.
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Jalali J, Gaudin P, Ammar E, Lebeau T. Bioaugmentation coupled with phytoextraction for the treatment of Cd and Sr, and reuse opportunities for phosphogypsum rare earth elements. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:122821. [PMID: 32516651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental and health impacts caused by phosphogypsum (PG) make it necessary to carefully manage these wastes. Bioaugmentation of a PG-compost mix with Bacillus cereus was associated with Trifolium pratense or Helianthus annuus for the phytoextraction of metal trace elements (MTE). In hydroponics, MTE concentrations in sunflower shoots are higher than in clover; however, as opposed to clover, it regulates their accumulation. The MTE accumulation levels by plants cultivated in pots with the PG-compost mix are much lower than in hydroponics due to lower concentration in available MTE. The bacteria-plant coupling has served to raise MTE concentrations, especially for rare earth elements (REE), i.e., Ce, La, Nd, Y, in the AP of sunflower, by factors of 4.4, 38.3, 3.4 and 21, respectively, compared to non-bioaugmented control. The translocation factor was also increased for all MTE and is ranged between 1.1 for Sr and 6.8 for Y. Moreover, the presence of bacteria raises plant biomass by a factor of 3.7 for shoots and 2.9 for the roots as regards clover. Results showed that in addition to phytoextraction of REE elements, all providing the promise of some kind of economic opportunity, the dispersion of PG stockpiles dust and erosion should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Jalali
- Laboratory of Planetology and Geodynamics of Nantes, UMR 6112 CNRS, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Nantes, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France; Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development (LASED), University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia; Tunisian Chemical Group, Mdhilla-Gafsa facility, B.P. 215, 2100, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Pierre Gaudin
- Laboratory of Planetology and Geodynamics of Nantes, UMR 6112 CNRS, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Nantes, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Emna Ammar
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development (LASED), University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Lebeau
- Laboratory of Planetology and Geodynamics of Nantes, UMR 6112 CNRS, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Nantes, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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Ben Mefteh F, Bouket AC, Daoud A, Luptakova L, Alenezi FN, Gharsallah N, Belbahri L. Metagenomic Insights and Genomic Analysis of Phosphogypsum and Its Associated Plant Endophytic Microbiomes Reveals Valuable Actors for Waste Bioremediation. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100382. [PMID: 31547633 PMCID: PMC6843645 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphogypsum (PG) endogenous bacterial community and endophytic bacterial communities of four plants growing in phosphogypsum-contaminated sites, Suaeda fruticosa (SF), Suaeda mollis (SM), Mesembryanthmum nodiflorum (MN) and Arthrocnemum indicum (AI) were investigated by amplicon sequencing. Results highlight a more diverse community of phosphogypsum than plants associated endophytic communities. Additionally, the bacterial culturable communities of phosphogypsum and associated plant endophytes were isolated and their plant-growth promotion capabilities, bioremediation potential and stress tolerance studied. Most of plant endophytes were endowed with plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities and phosphogypsum communities and associated plants endophytes proved highly resistant to salt, metal and antibiotic stress. They also proved very active in bioremediation of phosphogypsum and other organic and inorganic environmental pollutants. Genome sequencing of five members of the phosphogypsum endogenous community showed that they belong to the recently described species Bacillus albus (BA). Genome mining of BA allowed the description of pollutant degradation and stress tolerance mechanisms. Prevalence of this tool box in the core, accessory and unique genome allowed to conclude that accessory and unique genomes are critical for the dynamics of strain acquisition of bioremediation abilities. Additionally, secondary metabolites (SM) active in bioremediation such as petrobactin have been characterized. Taken together, our results reveal hidden untapped valuable bacterial actors for waste remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedia Ben Mefteh
- NextBiotech, 98 Rue Ali Belhouane, Agareb 3030, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Ali Chenari Bouket
- Plant Protection Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz 5355179854, Iran.
| | - Amal Daoud
- NextBiotech, 98 Rue Ali Belhouane, Agareb 3030, Tunisia.
| | - Lenka Luptakova
- NextBiotech, 98 Rue Ali Belhouane, Agareb 3030, Tunisia.
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biology, Zoology and Radiobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | | | - Neji Gharsallah
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- NextBiotech, 98 Rue Ali Belhouane, Agareb 3030, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
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Samet M, Karray F, Mhiri N, Kamoun L, Sayadi S, Gargouri-Bouzid R. Effect of phosphogypsum addition in the composting process on the physico-chemical proprieties and the microbial diversity of the resulting compost tea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21404-21415. [PMID: 31124074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoric acid production and olive oil production are among the most important economical sectors in Tunisia. However, they generate huge amounts of wastes (phosphogypsum, olive mill waste water, and olive pomace). In a previous study, we used phosphogypsum (PG), in co-composting with organic wastes. Three composts were produced; their PG content was of 0 (AT), 10 (A10), and 30% (A30). In the present study, we focused on their derived compost teas. The physico-chemical characterization of the different compost teas showed that those from A10 and A30 composts presented higher P and Ca contents than that from control one (AT). The microbial characterization using DGGE showed a noticeable microbial diversity in the different compost teas and that the addition of 10% and 30% PG in the compost had different effects on the compost tea microbial diversity. The identification results showed that the addition of 10 and 30% of PG did not affect the presence of PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) and fungal soil antagonists in the compost teas. Two PGPRs were isolated from AT and A30 compost teas, and their effect on the growth of potato plants in vitro was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Samet
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Mhiri
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Kamoun
- Groupe Chimique Tunisien, Direction de la Recherche Scientifique, Route de Gabes km 3,5, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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Oncioiu I, Grecu E, Mâşu S, Morariu F, Popa M. The effect of fly ash on sunflower growth and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35548-35554. [PMID: 30350152 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges brought by the circular economy requires a reconsideration of waste, which may under certain circumstances turn into genuine resources. By extension, soil pollution with heavy metal is a major concern since it directly affects the health of the population. The goal of the present research work is to analyze the impact of the use of waste from other technological processes in agriculture: fly ash (resulting ash from thermal power plants), zeolite bush (resulting from the processing of rock from zeolite quarries), and manure (garbage from zoo technical farms). In this respect, complex treatments based on inorganic substances (fly ash and volcanic indigenous tuff with 70% clinoptilolite) were applied to less-favored agricultural soils in the absence and in the presence of an organic fertilizer (manure), respectively. After cultivating sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a semi-early hybrid grown in the type of soil on which fly ash has been applied, there have been obtained seed crops 15.8% higher than the seed crops grown in the soil on which no fertilizer has been applied. The results obtained when combining fly ash and manure tend to amount to those obtained when combining manure with indigenous volcanic tuff with 70% clinoptilolite. The quality of the seed crops, obtained in the case of the three types of soil on which amendments were added in the absence/presence of the fertilizer, corresponds to the requirements of the national rules and allows their food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionica Oncioiu
- Titu Maiorescu University, 189 Calea Văcăreşti Street, 040051, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Eugenia Grecu
- Politehnica University of Timisoara, 14 Remus Street, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Smaranda Mâşu
- Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Subsidiary of Timisoara, 115 Bujorilor Street, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Morariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Popa
- 1 Decembrie 1918 University of Alba Iulia, 15-17 Unirii Street, Alba Iulia, Romania
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Abstract
AbstractThe resource utilization of phosphogypsum is confronted with great challenge. Of all the different methods for phosphogypsum resource utilization, using phosphocypsum to fabricate calcium fluoride (CaF2) is an effective resource utilization method. In this work, high-quality nano-calcium fluoride was successfully prepared in aqueous solution using calcined phosphogypsum by direct precipitation method. A series of orthogonal experiments were carried out in study. Here, the calcined phosphogypsum powder was mixed with NH4F to react at 40°C for 70 min according to the optimum molar ratio (Ca/ F=0.4). Meanwhile, the residue obtained by separating the mixture reacted was dried at 120°C for 90min. After preparation, the nano-calcium fluoride was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, results found that the average particle diameter of calcium fluoride was around 70 nm. This work could increase the industrial chain of phosphogypsum application and apply a method to solve the fluorite resource shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvshan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
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Samet M, Charfeddine M, Kamoun L, Nouri-Ellouze O, Gargouri-Bouzid R. Effect of compost tea containing phosphogypsum on potato plant growth and protection against Fusarium solani infection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18921-18937. [PMID: 29717429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three composts made of industrial wastes were prepared by mixing olive oil mill waste water (OMW), olive pomace, coffee grounds, and phosphogypsum (0, 10, and 30%). Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) cultivated in a greenhouse were used to screen compost tea suppressive ability. All compost tea treatments inhibited Fusarium solani growth and improved plant growth and response to F. solani infection. The antagonistic effects of the different treatments were associated with a marked increase of the antioxidant enzymes and PR (pathogenesis related) protein expression and a decrease of disease severity. These results also showed that plant growth and disease suppression were improved by application of phosphogypsum-supplemented compost teas (A10 and A30). This enhancement can be attributed to the influence of phosphogypsum on nutrient elements and microbial diversity in the resulting compost teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Samet
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mariam Charfeddine
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Kamoun
- Groupe Chimique Tunisien, Direction de la Recherche Scientifique, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Oumèma Nouri-Ellouze
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Zheng W, Zhong ZY, Wang HB, Wang HJ, Wu DM. Effects of Oxalic Acid on Arsenic Uptake and the Physiological Responses of Hydrilla verticillata Exposed to Different Forms of Arsenic. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:653-658. [PMID: 29511788 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on arsenic (As) uptake and the physiological responses of Hydrilla verticillata exposed to 3 mg L-1 of As in different forms. Plant As(III) uptake was significantly increased by 200-2000 µg L-1 OA. However, an increase of As(V) uptake was only shown with 1000 µg L-1 OA, and no significant difference was observed with dimethylarsinate treatment. Peroxidase and catalase activities, and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugar and proline, were significantly increased by 1000 µg L-1 OA during As(III) treatment. Superoxide dismutase and proline were also increased significantly by 1000 µg L-1 OA when plants were exposed to As(V). In DMA treatment, proline was significantly increased by 500 µg L-1 OA. Therefore, As-induced oxidative stress is relieved by OA, but it depends on OA concentration and the form of As. Our results may be useful for the phytoremediation of waste water containing As and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhong
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Tianbo Environmental Testing Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650217, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Hai-Juan Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dong-Mo Wu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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Chu Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu G, Dong Z, Lu X, Chen G, Zha F. Effects of coal spoil amendment on heavy metal accumulation and physiological aspects of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) growing in copper mine tailings. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 190:36. [PMID: 29270684 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper mine tailings pose many threats to the surrounding environment and human health, and thus, their remediation is fundamental. Coal spoil is the waste by-product of coal mining and characterized by low levels of metals, high content of organic matter, and many essential microelements. This study was designed to evaluate the role of coal spoil on heavy uptake and physiological responses of Lolium perenne L. grown in copper mine tailings amended with coal spoil at rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20%. The results showed that applying coal spoil to copper mine tailings decreased the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents in tailings and reduced those metal contents in both roots and shoots of the plant. However, application of coal spoil increased the DTPA-extractable Cr concentration in tailings and also increased Cr uptake and accumulation by Lolium perenne L. The statistical analysis of physiological parameters indicated that chlorophyll and carotenoid increased at the lower amendments of coal spoil followed by a decrease compared to their respective controls. Protein content was enhanced at all the coal spoil amendments. When treated with coal spoil, the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) responded differently. CAT activity was inhibited, but POD activity was increased with increasing amendment ratio of coal spoil. SOD activity increased up to 1% coal spoil followed by a decrease. Overall, the addition of coal spoil decreased the oxidative stress in Lolium perenne L., reflected by the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the plant. It is concluded that coal spoil has the potential to stabilize most metals studied in copper mine tailings and ameliorate the harmful effects in Lolium perenne L. through changing the physiological attributes of the plant grown in copper mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Chu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xingming Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Sinosteel Maanshan Institute of Mining Research Company Limited, Maanshan, 243000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Disaster Prevention in Anhui Province, Wuhu, China.
| | - Yunmin Wang
- Sinosteel Maanshan Institute of Mining Research Company Limited, Maanshan, 243000, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhongbing Dong
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Xianwen Lu
- School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, China
| | - Guangzhou Chen
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Fugeng Zha
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
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17
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Smaoui-Jardak M, Kriaa W, Maalej M, Zouari M, Kamoun L, Trabelsi W, Ben Abdallah F, Elloumi N. Effect of the phosphogypsum amendment of saline and agricultural soils on growth, productivity and antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1089-1104. [PMID: 28730330 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of phosphogypsum (PG) amendment on the physiochemical proprieties of saline and agricultural soils along with the growth, productivity and antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown on the amended soils under controlled conditions. Obtained results showed that the amendment of saline soil (H) by PG induced a decrease in pH as well as in electrical conductivity. However, for the non saline soil (MC), there was a decrease in pH associated with an increase in electrical conductivity. For both soils, PG amendment led to an increase in Calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na), and a decrease in potassium (K) in plant tissues. Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Chromium (Cr) contents in different parts of plants increased in proportion with PG concentration in the soils. Apart from Cd, all the analyzed metals in tomato fruit were found to be below the recommended maximum allowable concentration (MAC). Our results showed that PG application, at doses not exceeding 20%, seems to be beneficial for growth, photosynthetic activity and productivity of tomato plants as well as in decreasing salinity of saline soils. In these conditions, the use of PG could be a promising project for the rehabilitation of marginalized and saline ecosystems with either ornamental or non-fruit species. For both soils, a significant accumulation of MDA in shoots was detected, reflecting cell membrane damage especially when the PG amendment reached 20%. Beyond 20 and 40% PG, tomato plants developed an enzymatic antioxidant defense system in response to salinity and heavy metal stress. However, at 80% PG, enzymes activities were significantly inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Smaoui-Jardak
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Areas, Faculty of Science of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Walid Kriaa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Maalej
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Zouari
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Areas, Faculty of Science of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Kamoun
- Tunisian Chemical Group Research Directorate, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Trabelsi
- Tunisian Chemical Group Research Directorate, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Ferjani Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Areas, Faculty of Science of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nada Elloumi
- Laboratory of Environment Engineering and Ecotechnology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, B.P. 261, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
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18
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Bisone S, Gautier M, Chatain V, Blanc D. Spatial distribution and leaching behavior of pollutants from phosphogypsum stocked in a gypstack: Geochemical characterization and modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 193:567-575. [PMID: 28242112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PPG) is the byproduct of the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers from phosphate rocks (PR) by acid digestion. Despite the technical feasibility, the impurities present in this waste make its reuse critical and large amounts of PPG are stockpiled, resulting in the production of polluted acid leachates. The aim of the present study was to characterize the spatial variability and evolution in time of a 20-year-old gypstack and to study the geochemical behavior of the waste in order to assess the best management options. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed on core samples taken from 4 different depths of the stack down to 13.5 m. Despite the high homogeneity shown by chemical and mineral characterization, leaching tests revealed a different chemical behavior with depth. pH-dependent leaching tests were also performed to measure the acid neutralization capacity of the studied matrices and to determine the leachability of the elements or pollutants of concern as a function of pH. The study was focused on Ca, Fe Na, Si, Cd and Sr and on F-, PO43- and SO42- anions. The geochemical modeling of these tests with PHREEQC enabled the identification of the minor phases controlling the solubilization of the elements analyzed. Validation of the model by the simulation of a column leaching test suggested that the model could be used as a predictive tool to assess different management scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bisone
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement et Pollutions - Wastes Water Environment Pollutions), 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement et Pollutions - Wastes Water Environment Pollutions), 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Chatain
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement et Pollutions - Wastes Water Environment Pollutions), 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Denise Blanc
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement et Pollutions - Wastes Water Environment Pollutions), 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France.
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Wu N, Li Z, Wu F, Tang M. Comparative photochemistry activity and antioxidant responses in male and female Populus cathayana cuttings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salt. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37663. [PMID: 27898056 PMCID: PMC5127190 DOI: 10.1038/srep37663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the morphology and physiology of two genders of the typical dioecious plant Populus cathayana under salt stress. We conducted a pot experiment containing seedlings of the two genders that were subjected to salt or non-salt and filled with soil that was either inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices or not. The results showed that males had higher mycorrhizal dependency than females. Salt stress decreased growth, the relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Meanwhile, salt increased the superoxide radical (O2−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and antioxidant enzyme activities. Mycorrhizal male seedlings performed better than females in shoot morphological growth under both conditions and in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, O2− and H2O2 contents, MDA concentration, proline content and antioxidant enzymes activities under salt stress. In females, under saline conditions, a lower MDA concentration and H2O2, O2− and proline contents were observed in the leaves and roots. In addition, inoculated female plants performed better in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than non-inoculated plants. AMF inoculation had either slight or no effects on the performance of females. These findings suggested that when subjected to stress and AMF, differences in the genders existed, followed by the alleviation of the damage to P. cathayana by AMF via improving growth and photosynthesis and antioxidant systems under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Petrek J, Zitka O, Adam V, Bartusek K, Anjum NA, Pereira E, Havel L, Kizek R. Are Early Somatic Embryos of the Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Organised? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144093. [PMID: 26624287 PMCID: PMC4666671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic embryogenesis in conifer species has great potential for the forestry industry. Hence, a number of methods have been developed for their efficient and rapid propagation through somatic embryogenesis. Although information is available regarding the previous process-mediated generation of embryogenic cells to form somatic embryos, there is a dearth of information in the literature on the detailed structure of these clusters. Methodology/Principal Findings The main aim of this study was to provide a more detailed structure of the embryogenic tissue clusters obtained through the in vitro propagation of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). We primarily focused on the growth of early somatic embryos (ESEs). The data on ESE growth suggested that there may be clear distinctions between their inner and outer regions. Therefore, we selected ESEs collected on the 56th day after sub-cultivation to dissect the homogeneity of the ESE clusters. Two colourimetric assays (acetocarmine and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining) and one metabolic assay based on the use of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride uncovered large differences in the metabolic activity inside the cluster. Next, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. The ESE cluster seemed to be compactly aggregated during the first four weeks of cultivation; thereafter, the difference between the 1H nuclei concentration in the inner and outer clusters was more evident. There were clear differences in the visual appearance of embryos from the outer and inner regions. Finally, a cluster was divided into six parts (three each from the inner and the outer regions of the embryo) to determine their growth and viability. The innermost embryos (centripetally towards the cluster centre) could grow after sub-cultivation but exhibited the slowest rate and required the longest time to reach the common growth rate. To confirm our hypothesis on the organisation of the ESE cluster, we investigated the effect of cluster orientation on the cultivation medium and the influence of the change of the cluster’s three-dimensional orientation on its development. Maintaining the same position when transferring ESEs into new cultivation medium seemed to be necessary because changes in the orientation significantly affected ESE growth. Conclusions and Significance This work illustrated the possible inner organisation of ESEs. The outer layer of ESEs is formed by individual somatic embryos with high metabolic activity (and with high demands for nutrients, oxygen and water), while an embryonal group is directed outside of the ESE cluster. Somatic embryos with depressed metabolic activity were localised in the inner regions, where these embryonic tissues probably have a very important transport function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Petrek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Department of Plant Biology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Karel Bartusek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 147, CZ-612 64, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Naser A. Anjum
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal, European Union
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal, European Union
| | - Ladislav Havel
- Department of Plant Biology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- * E-mail:
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