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Zhu L, Bossi R, Carvalho PN, Rigét FF, Christensen JH, Weihe P, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Vorkamp K. Suspect and non-target screening of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in biota, air and human serum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124605. [PMID: 39053798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern receive increasing attention in the Arctic environment. The aim of this study was to screen for chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in different types of Arctic samples including biota, air and human serum. We used a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for suspect and non-target screening (NTS). Suspect screening of 25 CEACs was based on published in-silico approaches for the identification of CEACs and revealed tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) in pilot whale and air, albeit with low detection frequencies (17 and 33%, respectively). An NTS workflow detected 49, 42, 31 and 30 compounds in pilot whale, ringed seal, air, and human serum, respectively, at confidence level 2 and 3. Although legacy POPs still dominated the samples, 64 CEACs were tentatively identified and further assessed for persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B), mobility (M), toxicity (T), and long-range transport potential (LRTP). While four PBT compounds were identified, 37 PMT substances dominated among these 64 compounds. Our study indicated that many chemicals of potential risk might be present in Arctic samples and would benefit from confirmation and further studies of their transport to and accumulation in the Arctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Frank F Rigét
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Research, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Faroe Islands; Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Faroe Islands
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Greenland Center for Health Research, Institute of Nursing and Health Science, University of Greenland, Greenland
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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2
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Kang D, Ahn YY, Moon HB, Kim K, Jeon J. Exploring micropollutants in polar environments based on non-target analysis using LC-HRMS. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 209:117083. [PMID: 39393234 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
The routine use of chemicals in polar regions contributes to unexpected occurrence of micropollutants, with sewage discharge as a prominent pollution source. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify micropollutants in polar environments near potential point sources using non-target analysis (NTA) with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Seawater samples were collected from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard and Marian Cove, King George Island, in 2023. We tentatively identified 32 compounds with NTA, along with 105 homologous series substances. Of these, 18 substances were confirmed, and 13 were quantified using the internal standard method. Most quantified substances in the Ny-Ålesund, including caffeine, naproxen, and polyethylene glycols (PEGs), exhibited concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 770,000 ng/L. In Marian Cove, the analysis predominantly detected acetaminophen, with concentrations ranging from 13 to 35 ng/L. The findings underscore the presence and spatial distribution of emerging micropollutants resulting from wastewater discharge in polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yoon Ahn
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Science, University of Science of Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51140, Republic of Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51140, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Mosharaf MK, Gomes RL, Cook S, Alam MS, Rasmusssen A. Wastewater reuse and pharmaceutical pollution in agriculture: Uptake, transport, accumulation and metabolism of pharmaceutical pollutants within plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143055. [PMID: 39127189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water sources has become a growing concern due to its potential impacts on human health and other organisms. The physicochemical properties of pharmaceuticals based on their intended therapeutical application, which include antibiotics, hormones, analgesics, and antidepressants, is quite diverse. Their presence in wastewater, sewerage water, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water is reported by many researchers throughout the world. Human exposure to these pollutants through drinking water or consumption of aquatic and terrestrial organisms has raised concerns about potential adverse effects, such as endocrine disruption, antibiotic resistance, and developmental abnormalities. Once in the environment, they can persist, undergo transformation, or degrade, leading to a complex mixture of contaminants. Application of treated wastewater, compost, manures or biosolids in agricultural fields introduce pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment. As pharmaceuticals are diverse in nature, significant differences are observed during their uptake and accumulation in plants. While there have been extensive studies on aquatic ecosystems, the effect on agricultural land is more disparate. As of now, there are few reports available on the potential of plant uptake and transportation of pharmaceuticals within and between plant organs. This review summarizes the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic water bodies at a range of concentrations and their uptake, accumulation, and transport within plant tissues. Research gaps on pharmaceutical pollutants' specific effect on plant growth and future research scopes are highlighted. The factors affecting uptake of pharmaceuticals including hydrophobicity, ionization, physicochemical properties (pKa, logKow, pH, Henry's law constant) are discussed. Finally, metabolism of pharmaceuticals within plant cells through metabolism phase enzymes and plant responses to pharmaceuticals are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khaled Mosharaf
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cook
- Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed S Alam
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Rasmusssen
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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4
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Dube N, Smolarz K, Sokołowski A, Świeżak J, Øverjordet IB, Ellingsen I, Wielogórska E, Sørensen L, Walecka D, Kwaśniewski S. Human pharmaceuticals in the arctic - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143172. [PMID: 39182731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been deemed as 'contaminants of emerging concern' within the Arctic and are a potentially perennial form of pollution. With recent innovations in detection technology for organic compounds, researchers have been able to find substantial evidence of the presence and accumulation of pharmaceutical pollution within the Arctic marine ecosystem. The pharmaceuticals, which are biologically active substances used in diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases, may persist in the Arctic environment and may have an impact on the resident marine biota. Thus, to understand the standing of current research on the origin, transport, bioaccumulation and impacts of pharmaceutical pollution on the Arctic marine ecosystem, this study collates research from the early 2000s to the end of 2023 to act as a baseline for future research. The study highlights the fact that there is an evident threat to the Arctic marine ecosystem due to pharmaceutical pollution. It also shows that the impacts of pharmaceuticals within the Arctic ocean are not well studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dube
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Adam Sokołowski
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Justyna Świeżak
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Ida Beathe Øverjordet
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean AS, Brattørkaia 17 C, NO 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Ellingsen
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean AS, Brattørkaia 17 C, NO 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ewa Wielogórska
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean AS, Brattørkaia 17 C, NO 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean AS, Brattørkaia 17 C, NO 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dominika Walecka
- Polish Academy of Sciences (IO PAN) Ul, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kwaśniewski
- Polish Academy of Sciences (IO PAN) Ul, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
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Sørensen L, Hovsbakken IA, Wielogorska E, Creese M, Sarno A, Caban M, Sokolowski A, Øverjordet IB. Impact of seawater temperature and physical-chemical properties on sorption of pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides to marine particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124838. [PMID: 39214444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides enter the environment via wastewater from urban, domestic, and industrial areas, in addition to sewage, aquaculture and agriculture runoff. While some of these compounds are easily degradable in environmental conditions, others are more persistent, meaning they are less easily degraded and can stay in the environment for long periods of time. By exploring the adsorptive properties of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, stimulants, and biocides onto particles relevant for marine conditions, we can better understand their environmental behaviour and transport potential. Here, the sorption of 27 such compounds to inorganic (kaolin) and biotic (the microalgae Cryptomonas baltica) marine particles was investigated. Only two compounds sorbed to microalgae, while 23 sorbed to kaolin. The sorption mechanisms between select pharmaceuticals and stimulants and kaolin was assessed through exploring adsorption kinetics (caffeine, ciprofloxacin, citalopram, fluoxetine, and oxolinic acid) and isotherms (ciprofloxacin, citalopram, and fluoxetine). Temperature was shown to have a significant impact on partitioning, and the impact was more pronounced closer to maximum sorption capacity for the individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbet Sørensen
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Alver Hovsbakken
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ewa Wielogorska
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari Creese
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Antonio Sarno
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdansk, Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Sokolowski
- University of Gdansk, Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Al. Marszałka J. Piłsudskiego, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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6
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Burratti L, Sgreccia E, Bertelà F, Galiano F. Metal nanostructures in polymeric matrices for optical detection and removal of heavy metal ions, pesticides and dyes from water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142636. [PMID: 38885767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Water pollutants such as heavy metal ions, pesticides, and dyes pose a worldwide issue. Their presence in water resources interferes with the normal growth mechanisms of living beings and causes long or short-term diseases. For this reason, research continuously tends to develop innovative, selective, and efficient processes or technologies to detect and remove pollutants from water. This review provides an up-to-date overview on metal nanoparticles loaded in polymeric matrices, such as hydrogels and membranes, and employed as optical sensors and as removing materials for water pollutants. The synthetic pathways of nanomaterials loading into polymeric matrices have been analyzed, particularly focusing on noble metal nanoparticles, noble metal nanoclusters, and metal oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, the sensing properties of modified matrices towards water pollutants have been discussed in addition to the interaction mechanisms between the sensors and the toxic compounds. The last part of the review has been devoted to illustrating the separation mechanism and removal performance of membranes loaded with nanomaterials in the treatment and purification of water streams from different contaminants (heavy metals, dyes and pesticides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Burratti
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Innovation of the University "Mercatorum", Piazza Mattei 10, 00186, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Emanuela Sgreccia
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Federica Bertelà
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University of Rome, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Francesco Galiano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy.
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7
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Adedara IA, Gonçalves FL, Mohammed KA, Borba JV, Canzian J, Resmim CM, Claro MT, Macedo GT, Mostardeiro VB, Assmann CE, Monteiro CS, Emanuelli T, Schetinger MRC, Barbosa NV, Rosemberg DB. Waterborne atenolol disrupts neurobehavioral and neurochemical responses in adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34428-x. [PMID: 39048857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals from industrial waste and anthropogenic activities poses adverse health effects on non-target organisms. We evaluated the neurobehavioral and biochemical responses accompanying exposure to ecological relevant concentrations of atenolol (0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg/L) for seven uninterrupted days in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Atenolol-exposed fish exhibited anxiety-like behavior, characterized by significant bottom-dwelling with marked reduction in vertical exploration. Atenolol-exposed fish exhibited marked increase in the duration and frequency of aggressive events without altering their preference for conspecifics. Biochemical data using brain samples indicated that atenolol disrupted antioxidant enzyme activities and induced oxidative stress. Exposure to atenolol markedly decreased ATP and AMP hydrolysis without affecting ADP hydrolysis and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Atenolol significantly upregulated tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (tph1) mRNA expression but downregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) mRNA. Collectively, waterborne atenolol elicits aggressive and anxiety-like responses in adult zebrafish, accompanied by oxidative stress, reduced nucleotide hydrolysis, altered tph1 and bdnf mRNA expression, which may impact the survival and health of fish in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Falco L Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Khadija A Mohammed
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João V Borba
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cássio M Resmim
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana T Claro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T Macedo
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor B Mostardeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Charles E Assmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Camila S Monteiro
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria R C Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nilda V Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA
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Huang J, Wang W, Wu T, Ren X, Zhao X. Photo-electrochemical activation of persulfate for the simultaneous degradation of microplastics and personal care products. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16150-16169. [PMID: 38769957 PMCID: PMC11103671 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent widespread use of microplastics (MPs), especially in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), has caused significant water pollution. This study presents a UV/electrically co-facilitated activated persulfate (PS) system to co-degrade a typical microplastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and an organic sunscreen p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). We investigated the effect of various reaction conditions on the degradation. PVC and PABA degradation was 37% and 99.22%, respectively. Furthermore, we observed alterations in the surface topography and chemical characteristics of PVC throughout degradation. The possible degradation pathways of PVC and PABA were proposed by analyzing the intermediate products and the free radicals generated. This study reveals the co-promoting effect of multiple mechanisms in the activation by ultraviolet light and electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
| | - Wanyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
| | - Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist Siping 136000 China
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist Siping 136000 China
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Min XZ, Zhang ZF, Lu XM, Chen JC, Ma WL, Liu LY, Li WL, Li YF, Kallenborn R. Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a wastewater treatment plant with Bacillus bio-reactor treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171589. [PMID: 38461988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted wide attention due to their environmental impacts and health risks. PPCPs released through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are estimated to be 80 %. Nevertheless, the occurrence of PPCPs in the WWTPs equipped with Bacillus spec.-based bioreactors (BBR) treatment system remains unclear. In this study, sludge and waste water samples were collected during separate winter and summer sampling campaigns from a typical BBR treatment system. The results indicate that out of 58 target PPCPs, 27 compounds were detected in the waste water (0.06-1900 ng/L), and 23 were found in the sludge (0.6-7755 ng/g dw). Paraxanthine was the chemical of the highest abundance in the influent due to the high consumption of the parent compounds caffeine and theobromine. The profile for PPCPs in the wastewater and sludge exhibited no seasonal variation. Overall, the removal of target PPCPs in summer is more effective than the winter. In the BBR bio-reactor, it was found that selected PPCPs (at ng/L level) can be completely removed. The efficiency for individual PPCP removal was increased from 1.0 % to 50 % in this unit, after target specific adjustments of the process. The effective removal of selected PPCPs by the BBR treatment system is explained by combined sorption and biodegradation processing. The re-occurrence of PPCPs in the wastewater was monitored. Negative removal efficiency was explained by the cleavage of Phase II metabolites after the biotransformation process, and the lack of equilibrium for PPCPs in the sludge of the second clarifier. A compound specific risk quotient (RQ) was calculated and applied for studying the potential environmental risks. Diphenhydramine is found with the highest environmental risk in wastewater, and 15 other PPCPs show negligible risks in sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ze Min
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China; Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xi-Mei Lu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Chen
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wen-Long Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12237, United States
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China; IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway
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10
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Rauseo J, Spataro F, Pescatore T, Patrolecco L. Multiresidue determination and predicted risk assessment of emerging contaminants in sediments from Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171156. [PMID: 38417527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The present work provides the first data on the occurrence of different classes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface marine sediments from an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Islands, Norway). The target compounds included: ciprofloxacin; enrofloxacin; amoxicillin; erythromycin; sulfamethoxazole; carbamazepine; diclofenac; ibuprofen; acetylsalicylic acid; paracetamol; caffeine; triclosan; N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide; 17β-estradiol; 17α-ethinyl estradiol and estrone. Sampling was performed in the late summer, when high sedimentation rates occur, and over 5 years (2018-2022). Based on the environmental concentrations (MECs) found of emerging contaminants and the relative predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs), an environmental risk assessment (ERA) for sediments was performed, including the estimation of the Risk Quotients (RQs) of selection and propagation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in this Arctic marine ecosystem. Sediments were extracted by Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and the extracts were purified by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). Analytical determination was conducted with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). PPCPs were detected in the sediments along the fjord in all the years investigated, with overall concentrations similar in most cases to those reported in urbanized areas of the planet and ranging from a minimum of 6.85 ng/g for triclosan to a maximum of 684.5 ng/g for ciprofloxacin. This latter was the only antibiotic detected but was the most abundant compound (32 %) followed by antipyretics (16 %), hormones (14 %), anti-inflammatories (13 %), insect repellents (11 %), stimulants (9 %), and disinfectants (5 %). Highest concentrations of all PPCPs detected were found close to the Ny-Ålesund research village, where human activities and the lack of appropriate wastewater treatment technologies were recognized as primary causes of local contamination. Finally, due to the presence in the sediments of the PPCPs investigated, the ERA highlights a medium (0.1 < RQ < 1) to high risk (RQ > 1) for organisms living in this Arctic marine ecosystem, including high risk of the spread of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rauseo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spataro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tanita Pescatore
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Patrolecco
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
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11
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Sun S, Sun Y, Geng J, Geng L, Meng F, Wang Q, Qi H. Machine learning reveals the selection pressure exerted by nonantibiotic pharmaceuticals at environmentally relevant concentrations on antibiotic resistance genotypes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120829. [PMID: 38579474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The emergence and increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance pose a global public risk for human health, and nonantimicrobial pharmaceuticals play an important role in this process. Herein, five nonantimicrobial pharmaceuticals, including acetaminophen (ACT), clofibric acid (CA), carbamazepine (CBZ), caffeine (CF) and nicotine (NCT), tetracycline-resistant strains, five ARGs (sul1, sul2, tetG, tetM and tetW) and one integrase gene (intI1), were detected in 101 wastewater samples during two typical sewage treatment processes including anaerobic-oxic (A/O) and biological aerated filter (BAF) in Harbin, China. The impact of nonantibiotic pharmaceuticals at environmentally relevant concentrations on both the resistance genotypes and resistance phenotypes were explored. The results showed that a significant impact of nonantibiotic pharmaceuticals at environmentally relevant concentrations on tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) was found, while no changes in antibiotic phenotypes, such as minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), were observed. Machine learning was applied to further sort out the contribution of nonantibiotic pharmaceuticals at environmentally relevant concentrations to different ARG subtypes. The highest contribution and correlation were found at concentrations of 1400-1800 ng/L for NCT, 900-1500 ng/L for ACT and 7000-10,000 ng/L for CF for tetracycline resistance genes encoding RPPs, while no significant correlation was found between the target compounds and ARGs when their concentrations were lower than 500 ng/L for NCT, 100 ng/L for ACT and 1000 ng/L for CF, which were higher than the concentrations detected in effluent samples. Therefore, the removal of nonantibiotic pharmaceuticals in WWTPs can reduce their selection pressure for resistance genes in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Sun
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Sewage Treatment and Resource Utilization, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Sewage Treatment and Resource Utilization, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Jialu Geng
- Ecological Environmental Monitoring Centre of Hinggan League, Hinggan League, 137400, China
| | - Linlin Geng
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Sewage Treatment and Resource Utilization, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Sewage Treatment and Resource Utilization, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Hong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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12
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Castillo NA, James WR, Santos RO, Rezek R, Cerveny D, Boucek RE, Adams AJ, Goldberg T, Campbell L, Perez AU, Schmitter-Soto JJ, Lewis JP, Fick J, Brodin T, Rehage JS. Understanding pharmaceutical exposure and the potential for effects in marine biota: A survey of bonefish (Albula vulpes) across the Caribbean Basin. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140949. [PMID: 38096990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Most research on pharmaceutical presence in the environment to date has focused on smaller scale assessments of freshwater and riverine systems, relying mainly on assays of water samples, while studies in marine ecosystems and of exposed biota are sparse. This study investigated the pharmaceutical burden in bonefish (Albula vulpes), an important recreational and artisanal fishery, to quantify pharmaceutical exposure throughout the Caribbean Basin. We sampled 74 bonefish from five regions, and analyzed them for 102 pharmaceuticals. We assessed the influence of sampling region on the number of pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical assemblage, and risk of pharmacological effects. To evaluate the risk of pharmacological effects at the scale of the individual, we proposed a metric based on the human therapeutic plasma concentration (HTPC), comparing measured concentrations to a threshold of 1/3 the HTPC for each pharmaceutical. Every bonefish had at least one pharmaceutical, with an average of 4.9 and a maximum of 16 pharmaceuticals in one individual. At least one pharmaceutical was detected in exceedance of the 1/3 HTPC threshold in 39% of bonefish, with an average of 0.6 and a maximum of 11 pharmaceuticals exceeding in a Key West individual. The number of pharmaceuticals (49 detected in total) differed across regions, but the risk of pharmacological effects did not (23 pharmaceuticals exceeded the 1/3 HTPC threshold). The most common pharmaceuticals were venlafaxine (43 bonefish), atenolol (36), naloxone (27), codeine (27), and trimethoprim (24). Findings suggest that pharmaceutical detections and concentration may be independent, emphasizing the need to monitor risk to biota regardless of exposure diversity, and to focus on risk quantified at the individual level. This study supports the widespread presence of pharmaceuticals in marine systems and shows the utility of applying the HTPC to assess the potential for pharmacological effects, and thus quantify impact of exposure at large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Castillo
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - W R James
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biology, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R O Santos
- Department of Biology, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Rezek
- Department of Marine Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - D Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - R E Boucek
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A J Adams
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA; Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - T Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Campbell
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A U Perez
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J J Schmitter-Soto
- Departmento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Mexico
| | - J P Lewis
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J S Rehage
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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13
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Sokołowski A, Mordec M, Caban M, Øverjordet IB, Wielogórska E, Włodarska-Kowalczuk M, Balazy P, Chełchowski M, Lepoint G. Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and stimulants in macrobenthic food web in the European Arctic as determined using stable isotope approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168557. [PMID: 37979847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Although pharmaceuticals are increasingly detected in abiotic matrices in the Arctic, the accumulation of drugs in the resident biota and trophic transfer have not been yet examined. This study investigated the behaviour of several pharmaceuticals in the rocky-bottom, macrobenthic food web in the coastal zone of Isfjorden (western Spitsbergen) using stable isotope analyses (SIA) coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Across 16 macroalgal and invertebrate species the highest average concentration was measured for ciprofloxacin (CIP) (on average 60.3 ng g-1 dw) followed by paracetamol (PCT) (51.3 ng g-1 dw) and nicotine (NIC) (37.8 ng g-1 dw). The biomagnification potential was assessed for six target compounds of 13 analytes detected that were quantified with a frequency > 50 % in biological samples. The trophic magnification factor (TMF) ranged between 0.3 and 2.8, and was significant for NIC and CIP. TMF < 1.0 for NIC (0.3; confidence interval, CI 0.1-0.5) indicated that the compound does not accumulate with trophic position. The dilution of pharmaceutical residues in the food web may result from limited intake with dietary route, poor assimilation efficiency and high biotransformation rates in benthic invertebrates. TMF for CIP (2.8, CI 1.2-6.4) suggests trophic magnification, a phenomenon observed previously for several antibiotics in freshwater food webs. Trophic transfer therefore plays a role in controlling concentration of CIP in the Arctic benthic communities and should be considered in environmental risk assessment. Biomagnification potential of diclofenac (DIC; 0.9, CI 0.5-1.7), carbamazepine (CBZ; 0.4, CI 0.1-2.1), caffeine (CAF; 0.9, CI 0.5-1.9) and PCT (1.3, CI 0.7-2.7) was not evident due to large 95 % confidence of their TMFs. This study provides the first evidence of drug bioaccumulation in the Arctic food web and indicates that behaviour of pharmaceuticals varies among target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sokołowski
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Marlena Mordec
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Piotr Balazy
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Maciej Chełchowski
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Université de Liège, UR FOCUS, Laboratory of Trophic and Isotope Ecology (LETIS), allée du six Août 11, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
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14
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Shi B, Jiang Y, Yang J, Zhao R, Wang T, Su G, Ding Y, Li Q, Meng J, Hu M. Ecological risks induced by consumption and emission of Pharmaceutical and personal care products in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Insights from the polar regions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108125. [PMID: 37552929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
As the third pole of the world and Asia's water tower, the Tibetan Plateau experiences daily release of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) due to increasing human activity. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between the concentration and composition of PPCPs and human activity, by assessing the occurrence of PPCPs in areas of typical human activity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and evaluating their ecological risk. The results indicate that 28 out of 30 substances were detected in concentrations ranging from less than 1 ng/L to hundreds of ng/L, with the average concentration of most PPCPs in the Tibet Autonomous Region being higher than that in Qinghai Province. Among the detected substances, CAF, NOR, CTC, CIP, TCN, OTC, AZN, and DOX accounted for over 90% of the total concentration. The emission sources of PPCPs were identified by analyzing the correlation coefficients of soil and water samples, with excess PPCPs used by livestock breeding discharged directly into soil and then into surface water through leaching or runoff. By comparing the concentration and composition of PPCPs with those in other regions, this study found that CIP, ENR, LOM, NOR, CTC, DOX, OTC, and TCN were the most commonly used PPCPs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To assess the ecological risk of PPCPs, organisms at different trophic levels, including algae, crustaceans, fish, and insects, were selected. The prediction of the no effect concentration of each PPCP showed that NOR, CTC, TCN, CAF, and CBZ may have deleterious effects on water biota. This study can assist in identifying the emission characteristics of PPCPs from different types and intensities of human activities, as well as their occurrence and fate during the natural decay of aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongjian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Renxin Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Guijin Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanpeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Command Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100055, China
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15
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Bethke K, Kropidłowska K, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Review of warming and acidification effects to the ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms in the era of climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162829. [PMID: 36924950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the temperature and the acidification of the aquatic environment are among the many consequences of global warming. Climate change can also negatively affect aquatic organisms indirectly, by altering the toxicity of pollutants. Models of climate change impacts on the distribution, fate and ecotoxicity of persistent pollutants are now available. For pharmaceuticals, however, as new environmental pollutants, there are no predictions on this issue. Therefore, this paper organizes the existing knowledge on the effects of temperature, pH and both stressors combined on the toxicity of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms. Besides lethal toxicity, the molecular, physiological and behavioral biomarkers of sub-lethal stress were also assessed. Both acute and chronic toxicity, as well as bioaccumulation, were found to be affected. The direction and magnitude of these changes depend on the specific pharmaceutical, as well as the organism and conditions involved. Unfortunately, the response of organisms was enhanced by combined stressors. We compare the findings with those known for persistent organic pollutants, for which the pH has a relatively low effect on toxicity. The acid-base constant of molecules, as assumed, have an effect on the toxicity change with pH modulation. Studies with bivalves have been were overrepresented, while too little attention was paid to producers. Furthermore, the limited number of pharmaceuticals have been tested, and metabolites skipped altogether. Generally, the effects of warming and acidification were rather indicated than explored, and much more attention needs to be given to the ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals in climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bethke
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kropidłowska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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16
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Sun J, Ke Z, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Chen Y, Tang J. Pharmaceutical active compounds in a heavily industrialized and urbanized bay, Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51624-51637. [PMID: 36811780 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bays are transition zones connecting freshwater ecosystems and marine ecosystems, and they are strongly influenced by intensive human activities. Pharmaceuticals are of concern in bay aquatic environments because of their potential threat to marine food web. We studied the occurrence, spatial distribution, and ecological risks of 34 pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in Xiangshan Bay, a heavily industrialized and urbanized area in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China. PhACs were ubiquitously detected in the coastal waters of the study area. A total of twenty-nine compounds were detected in at least one sample. Carbamazepine, lincomycin, diltiazem, propranolol, venlafaxine, anhydro erythromycin, and ofloxacin had the highest detection rate (≥ 93%). These compounds were detected with maximum concentrations of 31, 127, 0.52, 1.96, 2.98, 75, and 98 ng/L, respectively. Human pollution activities included marine aquacultural discharge and effluents from the local sewage treatment plants. These activities were the most influential sources in this study area based on principal component analysis. Lincomycin was an indicator of veterinary pollution of coastal aquatic environment, and the concentrations of lincomycin were positively related to the total phosphorus in this area (r = 0.28, p < 0.05). Typical PhACs such as venlafaxine, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, roxithromycin, and clarithromycin were significantly and positively correlated with nitrate and total nitrogen (r > 0.26, p < 0.05) based on Pearson's correlation analysis. Carbamazepine was negatively correlated with salinity (r < - 0.30, p < 0.01). Land use pattern was also correlated with the occurrence and distribution of PhACs in the Xiangshan Bay. Some PhACs, i.e., ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, carbamazepine, and amitriptyline posed medium to high ecological risks to this coastal environment. The results of this study could be helpful to understand the levels of pharmaceuticals, potential sources, and ecological risks in marine aquacultural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Ziyan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Qin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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17
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Sørensen L, Schaufelberger S, Igartua A, Størseth TR, Øverjordet IB. Non-target and suspect screening reveal complex pattern of contamination in Arctic marine zooplankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161056. [PMID: 36565880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although increasing, there is still limited knowledge of the presence of 'contaminants of emerging concern' in Arctic marine biota, particularly in lower trophic species. In the present study, we have applied a novel pipeline to investigate the presence of contaminants in a variety of benthic and pelagic low-trophic organisms: amphipods, copepods, arrow worms and krill. Samples collected in Kongsfjorden in Svalbard in 2018 were subject to extraction and two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC×GC-HRMS). Tentatively identified compounds included plastic additives, antioxidants, antimicrobials, flame retardants, precursors, production solvents and chemicals, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals. Both legacy contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, hexachlorobenzene) as well as novel and emerging contaminants (triclosan, bisphenol A, and ibuprofen) were quantified in several species using target analysis by GC-MS/MS. The significance of these discoveries is discussed considering the potential for detrimental effects caused by these chemicals, as well as suggested local and distant sources of the components to the Arctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonja Schaufelberger
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Germany; University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Sweden
| | - Amaia Igartua
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Eldridge R, Hanson M, de Jourdan B. Toward the development of a new toxicity test with the Arctic alga Nitzschia frigida. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114572. [PMID: 36680950 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data available related to the sensitivity of Arctic species to environmental contaminants, and this knowledge gap creates uncertainty in environmental risk assessments (ERAs). To help address this concern, we optimized culturing conditions to allow for toxicity tests with an Arctic diatom, Nitzschia frigida. We found optimal conditions for growth were Harrison's medium with natural seawater at 2 °C under a continuous photoperiod of 90 μmol photons m2 s-1. We then compared the response of N. frigida with the temperate standard diatom species Skeletonema costatum. We performed concurrent and repeated exposures of the two species to three compounds (zinc, copper, and 1-methylnaphthalene). EC50 values calculated from N. frigida exposures were consistently lower than those from S. costatum tests for metals, but not 1-methylnaphthalene. Overall, we have taken the inaugural steps toward the development of a new toxicity test method using an Arctic species to inform ERAs in northern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Eldridge
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada; University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark Hanson
- University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Benjamin de Jourdan
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada.
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Giannelli Moneta B, Aita SE, Barbaro E, Capriotti AL, Cerrato A, Laganà A, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Scoto F, Barbante C, Cavaliere C. Untargeted analysis of environmental contaminants in surface snow samples of Svalbard Islands by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159709. [PMID: 36309265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there is increasing attention on the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which include plasticizers, flame retardants, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, since they have been detected even far away from pollution sources. The polar regions are not exempt from the presence of anthropogenic contaminants, and they are employed as a model for understanding the pollutant fate and impact. During the 2021 spring campaign, sixteen surface snow samples were collected close to the research station of Ny-Ålesund located on the Spitsbergen Island of the Norwegian Svalbard Archipelago. The samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) following an untargeted approach. Compound tentative identification was obtained with the aid of the software Compound Discoverer, using both mass spectral database search and manual validation. Among the 114 compounds identified with a high confidence level in the snow samples, >80 have some commercial or industrial use (drugs, plasticizers, fragrances, etc.), therefore they could be of anthropogenic origin. Nonetheless, a clear contamination trend did not appear in the snow samples collected on eight different days during one month. The comparison with aerosol samples collected in the same area did not help identifying the source, either, since only a few compounds were in common, and they were mainly of natural origin. As such, the analysis of aerosol sample did not support possible long-range transport, also considering that compounds were detected mostly in the coarse fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Elsa Aita
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences-CNR, University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics & Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Scoto
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, S.P Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences-CNR, University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics & Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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20
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Luo Y, Huang G, Li Y, Yao Y, Huang J, Zhang P, Ren S, Shen J, Zhang Z. Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by MOF-derived carbons: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159279. [PMID: 36209883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing demand for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has resulted in the uncontrolled release of large amounts of PPCPs into the environment, which poses a great challenge to the existing wastewater treatment technologies. Therefore, novel materials for efficient treatment of PPCPs need to be developed urgently. MOF-derived carbons (MDCs), have many advantages such as high mechanical strength, excellent water stability, large specific surface area, excellent electron transfer capability, and environmental friendliness. These advantages give MDCs an excellent ability to remove PPCPs. In this review, the effects of different substances on the properties and functions of MDCs are discussed. In addition, representative applications of MDCs and composites for the removal of PPCPs in the field of adsorption and catalysis are summarized. Finally, the future challenges of MDCs and composites are foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohe Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Yongping Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jing Huang
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shaojie Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Zixin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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21
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Perfetti-Bolaño A, Muñoz K, Kolok AS, Araneda A, Barra RO. Analysis of the contribution of locally derived wastewater to the occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Antarctic coastal waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158116. [PMID: 35988631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are emerging pollutants detected in many locations of the world including Antarctica. The main objective of this review is to discuss the influence of the human population on the concentration, distribution and biological effects of PPCPs across the Antarctic coastal marine ecosystem. We carried out a review of the scientific articles published for PPCPs in Antarctic, supported by the information of the Antarctic stations reported by Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (CONMAP), Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (ATS). In addition, spatial data regarding the Antarctic continent was obtained from Quantarctica. Antarctic concentrations of PPCPs were more reflective of the treatment system used by research stations as opposed to the infrastructure built or the annual occupancy by station. The main problem is that most of the research stations lack tertiary treatment, resulting in elevated concentrations of PPCPs in effluents. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of Antarctic field stations in coastal areas allows for the release of PPCPs, directly into the sea, a practice that remains in compliance with the current Protocol. After their release, PPCPs can become incorporated into sea ice, which can then act as a chemical reservoir. In addition, there is no clarity on the effects on the local biota. Finally, we recommend regulating the entry and use of PPCPs in Antarctica given the difficulties of operating, and in some cases the complete absence of appropriate treatment systems. Further studies are needed on the fate, transport and biological effects of PPCPs on the Antarctic biota. It is recommended that research efforts be carried out in areas inhabited by humans to generate mitigation measures relative to potential adverse impacts. Tourism should be also considered in further studies due the temporal release of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perfetti-Bolaño
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Katherine Muñoz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Alan S Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3002, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Alberto Araneda
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Ricardo O Barra
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio Ecología-Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile
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22
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Li J, Campos LC, Zhang L, Xie W. Sand and sand-GAC filtration technologies in removing PPCPs: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157680. [PMID: 35907530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about the risks that pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic environments posed to humans and the environment. In recent years, sand filtration has been used to potentially remove these emerging contaminants from water. However, there has been no review of the effectiveness of this technology to date. This paper presents a brief introduction of sand filtration types, reviews the current progress in PPCPs removal through sand filtration, and discusses the mechanisms behind this process and the combination of granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand as an enhanced sand-GAC filtration technology. Sand filtration achieves a reasonable but highly variable degree of PPCPs removal. Biodegradation and adsorption are the two main mechanisms of PPCPs removal, in particular the biodegradation since adsorption capacity of sand is relatively low. Other processes, such as bio-sorption and indirect adsorption, may also contribute to PPCPs removal. To compensate for the inadequate PPCPs removal through sand filtration, porous GAC has been combined with sand to develop sand-GAC filtration technologies. Serial, dual, and sandwich filters have been investigated, and significant removal enhancement has been observed, due to the strengthened adsorption capacity, suggesting the applicability of these variants. Future research focus, such as investigating the influence of different operational conditions on sand filter performance, obtaining a deeper understanding of the various removal mechanisms, and investigating of long-term performance of the filter used for PPCPs removal, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Luiza C Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linyang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
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23
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Hung H, Halsall C, Ball H, Bidleman T, Dachs J, De Silva A, Hermanson M, Kallenborn R, Muir D, Sühring R, Wang X, Wilson S. Climate change influence on the levels and trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in the Arctic physical environment - a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1577-1615. [PMID: 35244108 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change brings about significant changes in the physical environment in the Arctic. Increasing temperatures, sea ice retreat, slumping permafrost, changing sea ice regimes, glacial loss and changes in precipitation patterns can all affect how contaminants distribute within the Arctic environment and subsequently impact the Arctic ecosystems. In this review, we summarized observed evidence of the influence of climate change on contaminant circulation and transport among various Arctic environment media, including air, ice, snow, permafrost, fresh water and the marine environment. We have also drawn on parallel examples observed in Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau, to broaden the discussion on how climate change may influence contaminant fate in similar cold-climate ecosystems. Significant knowledge gaps on indirect effects of climate change on contaminants in the Arctic environment, including those of extreme weather events, increase in forests fires, and enhanced human activities leading to new local contaminant emissions, have been identified. Enhanced mobilization of contaminants to marine and freshwater ecosystems has been observed as a result of climate change, but better linkages need to be made between these observed effects with subsequent exposure and accumulation of contaminants in biota. Emerging issues include those of Arctic contamination by microplastics and higher molecular weight halogenated natural products (hHNPs) and the implications of such contamination in a changing Arctic environment is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5P 1W4, Canada.
| | - Crispin Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hollie Ball
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Terry Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
| | - Amila De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mark Hermanson
- Hermanson & Associates LLC, 2000 W 53rd Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55419, USA
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Department of Arctic Technology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Roxana Sühring
- Department for Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat, The Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
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24
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Xie Z, Zhang P, Wu Z, Zhang S, Wei L, Mi L, Kuester A, Gandrass J, Ebinghaus R, Yang R, Wang Z, Mi W. Legacy and emerging organic contaminants in the polar regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155376. [PMID: 35461927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of numerous emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and remobilization of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in polar regions have become significant concerns of the scientific communities, public groups and stakeholders. This work reviews the occurrences of EOCs and POPs and their long-range environmental transport (LRET) processes via atmosphere and ocean currents from continental sources to polar regions. Concentrations of classic POPs have been systematically monitored in air at several Arctic stations and showed seasonal variations and declining trends. These chemicals were also the major POPs reported in the Antarctica, while their concentrations were lower than those in the Arctic, illustrating the combination of remoteness and lack of potential local sources for the Antarctica. EOCs were investigated in air, water, snow, ice and organisms in the Arctic. Data in the Antarctica are rare. Reemission of legacy POPs and EOCs accumulated in glaciers, sea ice and snow may alter the concentrations and amplify their effects in polar regions. Thus, future research will need to understand the various biogeochemical and geophysical processes under climate change and anthropogenic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xie
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zilan Wu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lijia Wei
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lijie Mi
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anette Kuester
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Juergen Gandrass
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ralf Ebinghaus
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenying Mi
- MINJIE Institute of Environmental Science and Health Research, Geesthacht 21025, Germany
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25
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Świacka K, Maculewicz J, Smolarz K, Caban M. Long-term stability of diclofenac and 4-hydroxydiclofenac in the seawater and sediment microenvironments: Evaluation of biotic and abiotic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119243. [PMID: 35381302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies in recent years have shown that significant amounts of diclofenac (DCF) and its metabolites are present in marine coastal waters. Their continuous flow into the environment may be associated with numerous negative effects on both fauna and flora. Although more and more is known about the effects of pharmaceuticals on marine ecosystems, there are still many issues that have not received enough attention, but are essential for risk assessment, such as long term stability. Furthermore, interaction of pharmaceuticals with sediments, which are inhabited by rich microbial, meiofaunal and macrobenthic communities need investigation. Therefore, we undertook an analysis of the stability of DCF and its metabolite, 4-hydroxy diclofenac, in seawater and sediment collected from the brackish environment of Puck Bay. Our 29-day experiment was designed to gain a better understanding of the fate of these compounds under experimental conditions same as near the seafloor. Diclofenac concentration decreased by 31.5% and 20.4% in the tanks with sediment and autoclaved sediment, respectively during 29-day long experiment. In contrast, the concentration of 4-OH diclofenac decreased by 76.5% and 90.2% in sediment and autoclaved sediment, respectively. The concentration decrease of both compounds in the sediment tanks resulted from their sorption in the sediment and biodegradation. Obtained results show that marine sediments favour DCF and 4-OH DCF removal from the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Liu Y, Ptacek CJ, Groza LG, Staples R, Blowes DW. Occurrence and distribution of emerging contaminants in mine-impacted lake water and potential use as co-tracers of anthropogenic activity in the subarctic region, Northwest Territories, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112034. [PMID: 34562482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emerging contaminant (EC) perchlorate (ClO4-), a blasting agent widely used in mining and refining operations, has been used as a practical indicator of mining activities. Widespread occurrence of ECs, such as pharmaceutical compounds, artificial sweeteners, and perfluoroalkyl substances, and their use as co-tracers of wastewater associated with anthropogenic activities in the urban and Arctic environments have been previously investigated. However, limited studies have reported the occurrence of these ECs and the feasibility of their use as co-tracers of anthropogenic activities in pristine waterbodies (e.g., continuous permafrost region) that receive effluent from mine sites. In this study, water samples were collected from the surface of 10 lakes within the Coppermine and Lockhart Watersheds in the continuous permafrost region in the Northwest Territories, Canada during the open water seasons of 2016, 2017, and 2018. Concentrations of 16 ECs were determined to delineate the spatial and temporal distribution of these compounds in waterbodies receiving effluent from mine sites. Slightly elevated concentrations of ClO4- (100-700 ng L-1), caffeine (0.2-5.9 ng L-1), acesulfame-K (0.5-1.5 ng L-1), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 5-34 ng L-1), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS; 11-40 ng L-1), chloride (1.5-2.3 mg L-1), and sulfate (1.0-3.6 mg L-1) were observed across the two investigated watersheds, especially downstream of the mining sites. The concurrence of elevated concentrations of these target ECs combined with other dissolved constituents (chloride and sulfate) may indicate the influence of mining activity on the receiving waterbodies and the potential use of these compounds as co-indicators of anthropogenic activity. Results from this study provide novel information on the distribution of 16 ECs in pristine waterbodies that receive effluents from mining sites in the Canadian subarctic in advance of more expansive human development and increased warming and melting of mine sites, including mine wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingYing Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Carol J Ptacek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Laura G Groza
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robin Staples
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, X1A 2L9, Canada
| | - David W Blowes
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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27
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Brumovský M, Bečanová J, Sáňka O, Løken KB, Baho DL, Sørensen K, Nizzetto L. Line ferries and cargo ships for the monitoring of marine contaminants of emerging concern: Application along a Europe-Arctic transect. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127232. [PMID: 34597932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are a focus in marine protection. Several CECs are released with wastewater effluents to coastal environments and their offshore occurrence has been recently documented. Routine monitoring is key for implementing marine protection acts, however infrastructural, financial, and technical limitations hinder this task along broad spatial transects. Here we show the efficacy of a new infrastructure enabling unmanned sampling of surface water from ships of opportunity in providing reliable and cost-effective routine monitoring of CECs along a Europe-Arctic transect. The distribution and long-range transport of several pharmaceuticals and personal care products, artificial food additives, and stimulants were assessed. Validation of operations through strict procedural and analytical quality criteria is presented. A framework to estimate a compound-specific spatial range (SR) index of marine long-range transport based on monitoring results and information on source spatial distribution, is introduced. Estimated SR values ranged 50-350 km depending on compound, yielding a ranking of long-range transport potential which reflected expectations based on degradation half-lives. SR values were used to calculate prior maps of detection probability that can be used to plan future routine monitoring in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bečanová
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sáňka
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Didier L Baho
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai Sørensen
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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Yang H, Yu H, Wang J, Ning T, Chen P, Yu J, Di S, Zhu S. Magnetic porous biochar as a renewable and highly effective adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61513-61525. [PMID: 34184221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, discarded cigarette butts were used as a precursor for preparing magnetic porous biochar with a facile annealing method. The magnetic porous biochar was applied to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) from aqueous solution. It exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for TCH, which was much higher than various similar materials reported. At the same time, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of TCH were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order models and Freundlich models, respectively. The thermodynamics experiments proved that the adsorption on magnetic porous biochar was an endothermic reaction. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was explored, and the outstanding adsorption ability was mainly dependent on the pore filling effect, electrostatic interaction, and π-π interaction. By using the magnetic porous biochar, the real water samples were treated and high removal efficiency to TCH was obtained. What's more, the excellent reusability endowed the magnetic porous biochar with great potential as adsorbents for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Ning
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Gemmological Institute, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shukui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Rasheed T, Ahmad N, Ali J, Hassan AA, Sher F, Rizwan K, Iqbal HMN, Bilal M. Nano and micro architectured cues as smart materials to mitigate recalcitrant pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129785. [PMID: 33548642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been recognized for saving billions of lives, but they also appear as a novel group of environmental pollutants. The presence of pharmaceutically active residues in seawater, surface water, wastewater treatment plants, sludges, and soils has been widely reported. Their persistence in the environment for extended durations exerts various adverse consequences, such as gene toxicity, hormonal interference, antibiotic resistance, sex organs imposition, and many others. Various methodologies have been envisioned for their removal from the aqueous media. Different processes have been restricted due to high cost, inefficient removal, generation of toxic materials, and high capital requirement. The employment of nanostructured materials to mitigate pharmaceutical contaminants has been increasing during the last decades. The adsorptive nanomaterials have a high surface area, low cost, eco-friendliness, and high affinity for inorganic and organic molecules. In this review, we have documented the rising concerns of environmental pharmaceutical contamination and their remediation by applications of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials could be a robust candidate for the removal of an array of environmental contaminants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Naeem Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences National University of Science and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jazib Ali
- School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Adeel Ahmad Hassan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Farooq Sher
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental and Computing, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China.
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Freitas LDAA, Radis-Baptista G. Pharmaceutical Pollution and Disposal of Expired, Unused, and Unwanted Medicines in the Brazilian Context. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:61-76. [PMID: 34069823 PMCID: PMC8162542 DOI: 10.3390/jox11020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is an everyday recognized concern worldwide, and drugs as environmental contaminants have been detected in water and soil systems, posing risks to humans and wildlife. The presence of drugs in wastewater, groundwater, and even drinking water occurs in several countries, including Brazil, where the pharmaceutical market is expanding over the years. The adverse, harmful effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment range from the spreading of antimicrobial resistance and species survival to the interference with reproduction and increased cancer incidence in humans. Therefore, it is demanding to count on proper legislation to prevent these pollutants from entering the distinct environment compartments. In some developed countries, laws, directives, programs, and initiatives regarding drug disposal reach a mature status. In Brazil, federal laws dealing with drug residues' management are recent, with flaws that might facilitate non-compliance with drug pollution issues. Besides, pharmacies and drugstores are not obligated to collect unneeded household medicines, while particular State laws aim to ordinate the disposal of drug residues regionally. In this review, we consider the current knowledge about pharmaceutical (drug) pollution, the recommendation and regulations on the disposal of useless medicines in some countries, and in the context of the expanding pharmaceutical market in Brazil. The awareness of emerging contaminants in the environment, besides the joint effort of authorities, consumers, and the general public nationwide, will be required to avoid pharmaceutical/drug pollution and achieve an eco-friendly environment and a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Araújo Almeida Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60416-030, Brazil;
| | - Gandhi Radis-Baptista
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60416-030, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60165-081, Brazil
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Svavarsson J, Guls HD, Sham RC, Leung KMY, Halldórsson HP. Pollutants from shipping - new environmental challenges in the subarctic and the Arctic Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112004. [PMID: 33540274 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maritime activities in the subarctic and Arctic Ocean are predicted to substantially increase in the future due to climate change and declining sea ice cover. Inevitably, the consequences will be seen in impacts on marine ecosystems in this region at many different levels, such as increased pollution load due to antifouling biocides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and pharmaceuticals. Here we discuss the current situation and evaluate the effect of increased shipping on the environmental status of subarctic and Arctic waters, in relation to elevated loads of both legacy and emerging pollutants in the region. It is of high importance to evaluate the current levels of selected pollutants, which will most likely rise in near future. Furthermore, it is important to improve our understanding of the effects of these pollutants on marine organisms at high latitudes, as the pollutants may behave differently in cold environments compared to organisms at lower latitudes, due to dissimilar physiological responses and adaptations of the cold-water organisms. Integrative studies are needed to better understand the impact of pollutants on the marine fauna while monitoring programmes and research should be continued, with an increased capacity for emerging pollutants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörundur Svavarsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland; The University of Iceland's Research Centre in Suðurnes, Garðvegi 1, 245 Suðurnesjabær, Iceland
| | - Hermann Dreki Guls
- The University of Iceland's Research Centre in Suðurnes, Garðvegi 1, 245 Suðurnesjabær, Iceland.
| | - Ronia C Sham
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, the Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Checa Artos M, Sosa del Castillo D, Ruiz Barzola O, Barcos-Arias M. Presencia de productos farmacéuticos en el agua y su impacto en el ambiente. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.01.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Los productos farmacéuticos (PFs) constituyen un grupo importante de los contaminantes emergentes (CE), debido a su potencial para inducir efectos fisiológicos adversos a bajas concentraciones en humanos y animales. Muchos estudios alrededor del mundo han reportado la presencia de un sin número de estos compuestos en diferentes medios acuáticos, lo que genera preocupación por los posibles efectos negativos que se producen en el agua, en la salud humana y la vida silvestre. En este contexto, este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una revisión de los aspectos más relevantes sobre la presencia de PFs en el agua en un ámbito global desde el año 2010 hasta el 2019. El mayor número de estudios reportan presencia de contaminantes emergentes incluyendo fármacos de diferentes tipos en aguas superficiales, aguas subterráneas, aguas residuales y agua potable. Las principales fuentes de ingreso de fármacos en los sistemas acuáticos provienen de las aguas residuales que recogen aguas domésticas, efluentes hospitalarios y efluentes de fábricas sin tratamiento o inadecuadamente tratadas antes de ser liberadas a ríos y mares. La presencia de PFs en el ambiente acuático preocupa por su persistencia, la bioacumulación, la toxicidad y la generación de resistencia a antibióticos de muchos microorganismos, entre otras consecuencias aún no estudiadas en el ambiente.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Checa Artos
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Daynet Sosa del Castillo
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Omar Ruiz Barzola
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Milton Barcos-Arias
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, ESPOL, Apartado Postal: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Ramírez-Morales D, Masís-Mora M, Montiel-Mora JR, Cambronero-Heinrichs JC, Briceño-Guevara S, Rojas-Sánchez CE, Méndez-Rivera M, Arias-Mora V, Tormo-Budowski R, Brenes-Alfaro L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hazard assessment and ecotoxicological evaluation of wastewater treatment plants in Costa Rica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141200. [PMID: 32771760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The continuous release of pharmaceuticals from WWTP effluents to freshwater is a matter of concern, due to their potential effects on non-target organisms. The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in WWTPs and their associated hazard have been scarcely studied in Latin American countries. This study aimed at monitoring for the first time the occurrence of 70 pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in WWTPs across Costa Rica; the application of the hazard quotient (HQ) approach coupled to ecotoxicological determinations permitted to identify the hazard posed by specific pharmaceuticals and toxicity of the effluents, respectively. Thirty-three PhACs were found, with 1,7-dimethylxanthine, caffeine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen and gemfibrozil being the most frequently detected (influents/effluents). HQ for specific pharmaceuticals revealed 24 compounds with high/medium hazard in influents, while the amount only decreased to 21 in effluents. The top HQ values were obtained for risperidone, lovastatin, diphenhydramine and fluoxetine (influent/effluent samples), plus caffeine (influent) and trimethoprim (effluent). Likewise, the estimation of overall hazard in WWTP samples (sum of individual HQ, ∑HQ) demonstrated that every influent and 96% of the effluents presented high hazard towards aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicological analysis (Daphnia magna, Lactuca sativa and Microtox test) revealed that 16.7% of the effluents presented toxicity towards all benchmark organisms; the phytotoxicity was particularly frequent, as inhibition values ≥20% in the germination index for L. sativa were obtained for all the effluents. The ∑HQ approach estimated the highest hazard in urban wastewater, while the ecotoxicological results showed the highest toxicity in hospital and landfill wastewater. Likewise, ecotoxicological results and ∑HQ values showed a rather poor correlation; instead, better correlations were obtained between ecotoxicological parameters and HQ values for some individual pharmaceuticals such as cephalexin and diphenhydramine. Findings from this study provide novel information on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and the performance of WWTPs in the tropical region of Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Ramírez-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - José R Montiel-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Juan Carlos Cambronero-Heinrichs
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica; Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Susana Briceño-Guevara
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Michael Méndez-Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Víctor Arias-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Rebeca Tormo-Budowski
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Laura Brenes-Alfaro
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
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Pérez-Lemus N, López-Serna R, Pérez-Elvira SI, Barrado E. Sample pre-treatment and analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127273. [PMID: 32554005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design, optimization and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 14 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage sludge. A thorough optimization of the sample pre-treatment was carried out. As a result, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was combined with an in-situ clean-up stage and a filtration step. A combination of MilliQ® water/MeOH 95:5 (v/v) adjusted to pH 9 turned out to be the optimal solvent mixture for extraction. The instrumental part of the method presents a significant novelty based on a fully automated sample preparation for the analysis of PPCPs. It consisted of a direct immersion solid phase microextraction followed by on-fiber derivatization, online coupled to gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (DI-SPME-On-fiber derivatization - GC-MS). An isotope dilution approach was used for quantifying, which conferred high reliability to the method. This methodology was validated for 10 compounds with good analytical performance, limit of detection below 20 ng g-1 and absolute recovery in the range of 30-70% for most of the compounds. It supposes an ecological analytical alternative for many routine analysis laboratories around the world. The developed method was applied to different real samples generated in both a pilot-scale thermal hydrolysis treatment plant and an anaerobic digester operated in mesophilic conditions. Salicylic acid and naproxen were found at concentrations above 1000 ng g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pérez-Lemus
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - R López-Serna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - S I Pérez-Elvira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - E Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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Li R, Gao H, Ji Z, Jin S, Ge L, Zong H, Jiao L, Zhang Z, Na G. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water column of Kongsfjorden, Arctic. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 97:186-193. [PMID: 32933734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kongsfjorden is known for its characteristic multi-layer water mass formed by the convergence of freshwaters from nearby glaciers and rivers and saline water from the Atlantic and Arctic. The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water column of Kongsfjorden was investigated and their potential sources were analyzed. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the surface seawater and river water were in the range of 33.4-79.8 ng/L (mean 48.5 ng/L) and 2.3-201.4 ng/L (mean 126.1 ng/L), respectively. Horizontally, PAHs were mainly concentrated around river estuaries and the glacier front in the dissolved phase. Vertically, the PAHs in the particulate phase followed surface-enrichment and depth-depletion patterns in most stations, with the maximum concentration found at 50 m depth in the central area of Kongsfjorden. The compositions of PAHs in seawater and rivers were similar, with two-ring and tricyclic PAHs comprising the majority of the dissolved and particulate phases. PAHs found in Kongsfjorden waters appeared to be derived from multiple sources such as petroleum and coal combustion. PAHs in the bay mouth of Kongsfjorden were mainly introduced by the West Spitsbergen Current and the Arctic waters, while in the inner bay, atmospheric deposition and local sources were the major contributors. The distribution of PAHs was mainly attributed to the suspended particulate distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhongqiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystems and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Nature Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Shuaichen Jin
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linke Ge
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Humin Zong
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liping Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Ocean-Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Nature Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Ministry of Education, China.
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Świacka K, Michnowska A, Maculewicz J, Caban M, Smolarz K. Toxic effects of NSAIDs in non-target species: A review from the perspective of the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:115891. [PMID: 33497943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, both in marine and freshwater reservoirs, is a major concern of global environmental protection. Among the drugs that are most commonly used, NSAIDs tend to dominate. Currently, being aware of the problem caused by drug contamination, it is extremely important to evaluate the scale and the full spectrum of its consequences, from short-term to long-term effects. The influence on non-target aquatic animals can take place at many levels, and the effects can be seen both in behaviour and physiology, but also in genetic alterations or reproduction disorders, affecting the development of entire populations. This review summarises all the advances made to estimate the impact of NSAIDs on aquatic animals. Multicellular animals from all trophic levels, inhabiting both inland waters, seas and oceans, have been considered. Particular attention has been paid to chronic studies, conducted at low, environmentally-relevant concentrations, to estimate the real effects of the present pollution. The number of such studies has indeed increased in recent years, allowing for a better insight into the possible consequences of pharmaceutical pollution. It should be stressed, however, that our knowledge is still limited to a few model species, while there are many groups of organisms completely unexplored regarding the effects of drugs. Therefore, the main aim of this paper was to summarise the current state of knowledge on the toxicity of NSAIDs in aquatic animals, also identifying important gaps and major issues requiring further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alicja Michnowska
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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Murrell KA, Dorman FL. A suspect screening analysis for contaminants of emerging concern in municipal wastewater and surface water using liquid-liquid extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4487-4495. [PMID: 32869778 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in wastewater effluent and surface waters is an important field of research for analytical scientists. This study takes a suspect screening approach to wastewater and surface water analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). Two extraction procedures, traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), were utilized and evaluated for their application to wastewater and surface water samples. Both techniques were evaluated regarding their recovery rates, range of compound classes extracted, and on their application to discovery of CECs. For the 14 surrogate compounds analyzed, LLE was able to extract all of them in each matrix with a recovery range of 19% to 159% and a median value of 74%. For SBSE, the recovery rates ranged from 19% to 117% with the median value at 66%, but only 8 of the compounds were able to be extracted because of the polarity bias for this extraction method. A new method of SBSE calibration was also developed using direct liquid injection of the internal standards before desorption of the stir bars. Initial findings indicate increased sensitivity and a greater range of unknown analyte recovery for SBSE, especially in the more dilute effluent and surface water samples. With the methods used in this study, SBSE has a concentration factor of approximately 416, improving that of LLE, which is 267. Suspect screening analysis was utilized to tentatively identify 32 CECs in the samples, the majority of which were pharmaceuticals and personal care products. More CECs were found using SBSE than LLE, especially in the surface water samples where 13 CECs were tentatively identified in the SBSE samples compared to 6 in the LLE samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra A Murrell
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhou R, Lu G, Yan Z, Jiang R, Bao X, Lu P. A review of the influences of microplastics on toxicity and transgenerational effects of pharmaceutical and personal care products in aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:139222. [PMID: 32438173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PPCPs (pharmaceutical and personal care products) and microplastics (MPs) are two types of emerging pollutants that are ubiquitous and widely concerned in the environment. Both of them can accumulate in fish or aquatic invertebrates and transfer to offspring, thereby producing toxic effects on both parents and offspring, in which the characteristics of MPs also enable them to adsorb PPCPs thus producing carrier effects. In this study, we have conducted a comprehensive review of MPs and PPCPs and found that MPs can act as a carrier of PPCPs to influence the bioaccumulation of PPCPs. MPs and PPCPs have toxicity and transgenerational effects on both fish and aquatic invertebrates in many aspects, and MPs can also affect the toxicity and transgenerational effects of PPCPs due to their carrier effects. This paper revealed that MPs may have an important impact on the bioavailability of PPCPs and the interaction between MPs and PPCPs is a hot topic in future research. This study also puts forward the shortcomings of the current research and related suggestions, and relevant research should be carried out as soon as possible to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of fresh water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China.
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Runren Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xuhui Bao
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Vecchiato M, Gambaro A, Kehrwald NM, Ginot P, Kutuzov S, Mikhalenko V, Barbante C. The Great Acceleration of fragrances and PAHs archived in an ice core from Elbrus, Caucasus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10661. [PMID: 32606351 PMCID: PMC7327048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great Acceleration of the anthropogenic impact on the Earth system is marked by the ubiquitous distribution of anthropogenic materials throughout the global environment, including technofossils, radionuclides and the exponential increases of methane and carbon dioxide concentrations. However, personal care products as direct tracers of human domestic habits are often overlooked. Here, we present the first research combining fragrances, as novel personal care products, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as combustion and industrial markers, across the onset of the Great Acceleration in the Elbrus, Caucasus, ice core. This archive extends from the 1930s to 2005, spanning the profound changes in the relationship between humans and the environment during the twentieth century. Concentrations of both fragrances and PAHs rose throughout the considered period, reflecting the development of the Anthropocene. However, within this rising trend, remarkable decreases of the tracers track the major socioeconomic crises that occurred in Eastern Europe during the second half of the twentieth century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy. .,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Natalie M Kehrwald
- Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 980, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - Patrick Ginot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, G-INP, Institut Des Géosciences de L'Environnement (IGE), 38402, Grenoble, France
| | - Stanislav Kutuzov
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119017
| | | | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
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Stroski KM, Luong KH, Challis JK, Chaves-Barquero LG, Hanson ML, Wong CS. Wastewater sources of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) and pharmaceuticals in four Canadian Arctic communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134494. [PMID: 31791794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective removal of organic contaminants in wastewater effluent poses a challenge to small communities worldwide, particularly in the Arctic due to infrastructure challenges and harsh climates. To understand better the efficacy of current treatment options and risks posed by pharmaceuticals and pesticides on receiving waters in the Arctic, four representative human communities in Nunavut, Canada were evaluated. Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) were also investigated in one community. These communities have treatment ranging from primary lagoons, engineered wetlands, and natural lakes. Pharmaceuticals and pesticides were measured using the organic diffusive gradients in thin film (o-DGT) passive sampler in summer 2018. Of the 34 compounds studied, seven pharmaceuticals were found at least once: atenolol, carbamazepine, metoprolol, naproxen, sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. With the exception of 5210 ng naproxen/L in Iqaluit, most receiving waters showed negligible amounts of contamination. Iqaluit had the poorest overall system performance while Baker Lake had the best. Measured pharmaceutical concentrations do not appear to pose a significant acute hazard to receiving waters at this time, based on known toxicological endpoints. PFAS concentrations were found to be over 100-fold greater in Cambridge Bay wastewater than previously reported Arctic seawater. Results suggest that wastewater may be an important point source of PFASs in Arctic communities. The o-DGT passive samplers performed well in marine Arctic settings. We recommend further testing of wastewater efficiencies in Arctic communities along with evaluations of seasonal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Stroski
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kim Hoang Luong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Challis
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Luis G Chaves-Barquero
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Cerveny D, Brodin T, Cisar P, McCallum ES, Fick J. Bioconcentration and behavioral effects of four benzodiazepines and their environmentally relevant mixture in wild fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134780. [PMID: 31733557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the adverse effects of four benzodiazepines frequently measured in European surface waters. We evaluated bioaccumulation potential of oxazepam, bromazepam, temazepam, and clobazam in freshwater fish species - perch (Perca fluviatilis) and we conducted a series of behavioral trials to assess their potential to alter boldness, activity, and social behavior. All selected endpoints were studied individually for each target benzodiazepine and as a mixture of all tested compounds to assess possible combinatory effects. We used a three-dimensional automated tracking system to quantify the fish behavior. The four compounds bioconcentrated differently in fish muscle (temazepam > clobazam > oxazepam > bromazepam) at high exposure (9.1, 6.9, 5.7, 8.1 µg L-1, respectively) and low exposure (0.5, 0.5, 0.3, 0.4 µg L-1, respectively) concentrations. A significant amount of oxazepam was also measured in fish exposed to temazepam, most likely because of the metabolic transformation of temazepam within the fish. Bromazepam, temazepam, and clobazam significantly affected fish behavior at high concentration, while no statistically significant changes were registered for oxazepam. The studied benzodiazepines affected behavior in combination, because the mixture treatment significantly changed several important behavioral traits even at low concentration, while no single compound exposure had such an effect at that dose. Based on our results, we conclude that effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic environments could be underestimated if risk assessments only rely on the evaluation of single compounds. More studies focused on the combinatory effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of pharmaceuticals are necessary to fill the gaps in this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cerveny
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Cisar
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - E S McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Huntington A, Corcoran PL, Jantunen L, Thaysen C, Bernstein S, Stern GA, Rochman CM. A first assessment of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in Hudson Bay and the surrounding eastern Canadian Arctic waters of Nunavut. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics are a globally ubiquitous contaminant, invading the most remote regions, including the Arctic. To date, our understanding of the distribution and sources of microplastics in the Arctic is limited but growing. This study aims to advance our understanding of microplastics in the Arctic. Surface water, zooplankton, sediment, and snow samples were collected from Hudson Bay to north Baffin Bay onboard the CCGS Amundsen from July to August 2017. Samples were examined for microplastics, which were chemically identified via Raman spectroscopy for surface water and zooplankton and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for sediment. We found that 90% of surface water and zooplankton samples, and 85% of sediment samples, contained microplastics or other anthropogenic particles. Mean anthropogenic particle concentrations, which includes microplastics, were 0.22 ± 0.23 (per litre) for surface water, 3.51 ± 4.00 (per gram) for zooplankton, and 1.94 ± 4.12 (per gram) for sediment. These concentrations were not related to the human populations upstream, suggesting that microplastic contamination in the Arctic is from long-range transport. Overall, this study highlights the presence of microplastics across the eastern Canadian Arctic, in multiple media, and offers evidence of long-range transport via ocean and atmospheric currents. Further research is needed to better understand sources, distribution, and effects to Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Huntington
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Patricia L. Corcoran
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Liisa Jantunen
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Egbert, ON L0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Clara Thaysen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Sarah Bernstein
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Egbert, ON L0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Gary A. Stern
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chelsea M. Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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Sathishkumar P, Meena RAA, Palanisami T, Ashokkumar V, Palvannan T, Gu FL. Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota - a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134057. [PMID: 31783460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has turned into a contaminant of emerging concern; hence, it was included in the previous Watch List of the EU Water Framework Directive. This review paper aims to highlight the metabolism of diclofenac at different trophic levels, its occurrence, ecological risks, and interactive effects in the water cycle and biota over the past two decades. Increased exposure to diclofenac not only raises health concerns for vultures, aquatic organisms, and higher plants but also causes serious threats to mammals. The ubiquitous nature of diclofenac in surface water (river, lake canal, estuary, and sea) is compared with drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent in the environment. This comprehensive survey from previous studies suggests the fate of diclofenac in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and may predict its persistence in the environment. This review offers evidence of fragmentary available data for the water environment, soil, sediment, and biota worldwide and supports the need for further data to address the risks associated with the presence of diclofenac in the environment. Finally, we suggest that the presence of diclofenac and its metabolites in the environment may represent a high risk because of their synergistic interactions with existing contaminants, leading to the development of drug-resistant strains and the formation of newly emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | | | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thayumanavan Palvannan
- Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Wang Y, Yin T, Kelly BC, Gin KYH. Bioaccumulation behaviour of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a constructed wetland. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:275-285. [PMID: 30708162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is an important class of environmental contaminants and has gained increasing concerns in recent years. The bioaccumulation behaviour of PPCPs in wetland plants is not well understood. In the present study we report results of a field investigation to assess the bioaccumulation behaviour and phytoremediation efficacy of several PPCPs in Lorong Halus Wetland, a large-scale constructed wetland system in Singapore, constructed for the treatment of landfill leachate. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based methods were employed to quantify concentrations of target PPCPs in leachate and flowing water, as well as wetland plants (roots and shoots), at different locations in the wetland system. The results indicated the presence of several PPCPs in leachate, water and vegetation in the wetland. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in the dominant wetland plant, Typha angustifolia, ranged between approximately 60 and 2000. Results indicated that Cattail Typha angustifolia was capable of remediating PPCPs to various extends, with bioconcentration factors ranging up to 2000. The suitability for phytoremediation depends on the physical chemical properties such as hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of these PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Tingru Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, 117411, Singapore.
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Patel M, Kumar R, Kishor K, Mlsna T, Pittman CU, Mohan D. Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3510-3673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 827] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kishor
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Fluorescent kinetics combined with fourth-order calibration for the determination of diclofenac sodium in environmental water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2019-2029. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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