1
|
Noel R, Schueller MJ, Ferrieri RA. Radiocarbon Flux Measurements Provide Insight into Why a Pyroligneous Acid Product Stimulates Plant Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4207. [PMID: 38673791 PMCID: PMC11050665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Agriculture in the 21st century faces many formidable challenges with the growing global population. Increasing demands on the planet's natural resources already tax existing agricultural practices. Today, many farmers are using biochemical treatments to improve their yields. Commercialized organic biostimulants exist in the form of pyroligneous acid generated by burning agricultural waste products. Recently, we examined the mechanisms through which a commercial pyroligneous acid product, Coriphol™, manufactured by Corigin Solutions, Inc., stimulates plant growth. During the 2023 growing season, outdoor studies were conducted in soybean to examine the effects of different Coriphol™ treatment concentrations on plant growth. Plant height, number of leaves, and leaf size were positively impacted in a dose-dependent manner with 2 gallon/acre soil treatments being optimal. At harvest, this level of treatment boosted crop yield by 40%. To gain an understanding of why Coriphol™ improves plant fitness, follow-up laboratory-based studies were conducted using radiocarbon flux analysis. Here, radioactive 11CO2 was administered to live plants and comparisons were made between untreated soybean plants and plants treated at an equivalent Coriphol™ dose of 2 gallons/acre. Leaf metabolites were analyzed using radio-high-performance liquid chromatography for [11C]-chlorophyll (Chl) a and b components, as well as [11C]-β-carotene (β-Car) where fractional yields were used to calculate metabolic rates of synthesis. Altogether, Coriphol™ treatment boosted rates of Chl a, Chl b, and β-Car biosynthesis 3-fold, 2.6-fold, and 4.7-fold, respectively, and also increased their metabolic turnover 2.2-fold, 2.1-fold, and 3.9-fold, respectively. Also, the Chl a/b ratio increased from 3.1 to 3.4 with treatment. Altogether, these effects contributed to a 13.8% increase in leaf carbon capture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randi Noel
- Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.N.); (M.J.S.)
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael J. Schueller
- Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.N.); (M.J.S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Richard A. Ferrieri
- Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.N.); (M.J.S.)
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Chemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Zhang R, Jiang J, Chai Y, Yang H, Zong Y, Tong W, Yuan M, Li R, Wang L, Shan S, Wong MH. Co-application of concentrated biogas slurry and pyroligneous liquor mitigates ammonia emission and sustainably releases ammonium from paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169078. [PMID: 38101624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production causes vast amounts of biogas slurry (BS). Application of BS to croplands can substitute chemical fertilizers while result in higher ammonia emissions. Tremendous variation of ammonium concentration in different BSs induces imprecise substitution, while concentrated BS holds higher and more stable ammonium. Pyroligneous liquor, an acidic aqueous liquid from biochar production, can be used with concentrated BS to reduce ammonia emission. However, the effects of combining concentrated BS with pyroligneous liquor on ammonia emission and soil (nitrogen) N transformation have been poorly reported. In this study, a field experiment applying concentrated BS only, or combining with 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % pyroligneous liquor (v/v) for substituting 60 % N of single rice cultivation was conducted by contrast with chemical fertilization. The results showed that substituting chemical N fertilizers with concentrated BS increased 24.6 % ammonia emission. In comparison, applying 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % pyroligneous liquor with concentrated BS reduced 4.9 %, 20.3 %, and 24.4 % ammonia emissions, respectively. Applying concentrated BS with more pyroligneous liquor preserved higher ammonium and dissolved organic carbon in floodwater, and induced higher nitrate concentration after fertilization. Whereas soil ammonium and nitrate contents were decreased along with more pyroligneous liquor application before and after the topdressing and exhibited sustainable release until rice harvest. In comparison, the soil N mineralization and nitrification rates were occasionally elevated, while the activities of soil urease, protease, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase had multiple responses. Applying concentrated BS only, or combining with 5 %, 10, and 20 % pyroligneous liquor, have little effect on soil basic properties but inorganic N. In summary, applying concentrated BS with >10 % pyroligneous liquor could preserve more N with sustainable release and potentially lower N loss to the atmosphere, and we proposed that applying 13.5 % pyroligneous liquor in concentrated BS could achieve maximum soil fertility and minimum ammonia emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311023, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311023, China
| | - Jianfeng Jiang
- Center of Agricultural Technology Extension of Qujiang District, Quzhou 324022, China
| | - Yanjun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311023, China.
| | - Haijun Yang
- Center of Agricultural Technology Extension of Qujiang District, Quzhou 324022, China
| | - Yutong Zong
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311023, China
| | - Wenbin Tong
- Center of Agricultural Technology Extension of Qujiang District, Quzhou 324022, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311023, China
| | - Ronghui Li
- Center of Construction for Beautiful Villages of Quzhou City, Quzhou 324003, China
| | - Lanting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311023, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311023, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boamah PO, Onumah J, Aduguba WO, Santo KG. Application of depolymerized chitosan in crop production: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123858. [PMID: 36871686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, chitosan (CHT) is well known for its uses, particularly in veterinary and agricultural fields. However, chitosan's uses suffer greatly due to its extremely solid crystalline structure, it is insoluble at pH levels above or equal to 7. This has sped up the process of derivatizing and depolymerizing it into low molecular weight chitosan (LMWCHT). As a result of its diverse physicochemical as well as biological features which include antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, and biodegradability, LMWCHT has evolved into new biomaterials with extremely complex functions. The most important physicochemical and biological property is antibacterial, which has some degree of industrialization today. CHT and LMWCHT have potential due to the antibacterial and plant resistance-inducing properties when applied in crop production. This study has highlighted the many advantages of chitosan derivatives as well as the most recent studies on low molecular weight chitosan applications in crop development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Osei Boamah
- Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana.
| | - Jacqueline Onumah
- Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana
| | | | - Kwadwo Gyasi Santo
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sivaram AK, Logeshwaran P, Abinandan S, Mukunthan K, Megharaj M. Cyto-genotoxicity evaluation of pyroligneous acid using Allium cepa assay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:852-857. [PMID: 36093751 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a highly oxygenated organic condensate obtained by cooling the gases generated from the pyrolysis process. PA has been used in agriculture for several years with multiple beneficial effects, including plant health and yields, pest resilience, and seed germination. It is generally applied to agricultural soils in the dilution of 1:1000 to 1:100, corresponding to 0.1-1% PA concentration. In this study, the cyto-genotoxic potential of PA to Allium cepa meristematic root-tips (where all cells undergo repeated division and form primary root tissues) was examined. Exposure to PA concentrations of 0.1% and above showed a reduction in the mitotic index percentage, and at 5%, a complete arrest in the cell division was recorded. However, chromosomal aberrations at 0.5, 1, and 3% PA were reversible types such as bridges, vagrants, laggards, and multipolar anaphase, with a maximum of only 5.8% chromosomal aberration observed at 3% PA. Comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) for genotoxicity assessment determined using PA exposed A. cepa root tips showed that it was not genotoxic. The absence of cyto-genotoxicity in A. cepa, even at concentrations far above what would be typically encountered in agricultural applications, strongly suggests that PA is unlikely to cause adverse effects on crops and ultimately on the biota and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feijo FMC, Fernandes FDC, Alves ND, Pimenta AS, Santos CS, Rodrigues GSDO, Pereira AF, Benicio LDM, Moura YBF. Efficiency of Pyroligneous Extract from Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poiret) as an Antiseptic in Cats (Felis catus) Subjected to Ovariosalpingohysterectomy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182325. [PMID: 36139185 PMCID: PMC9495156 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The pyroligneous extract from Mimosa tenuiflora was used as an antiseptic in cats. The objective of this study was to analyze the action of 20% pyroligneous extract from M. tenuiflora as an antiseptic for surgical wounds of cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy. In addition to the absence of cytotoxicity, the number of bacteria was reduced after treatment. Tissue dehiscence, hyperemia, edema, crust, and secretions were not observed. Thus, the pyroligneous extract of M. tenuiflora has potential as a natural antiseptic alternative. Abstract Pyroligneous extract of Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poiret) was evaluated for its efficacy as a cutaneous antiseptic in cats (Felis catus) that were subjected to ovariosalpingohysterectomy. For this purpose, 30 cats without a defined breed were sterilized and divided into two groups. The first group was the positive control, treated with 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol solution, and the second group was treated with 20% pyroligneous extract of M. tenuiflora. Regardless of age and sex, all animals had visible healing at similar times. A significant reduction in bacterial growth was observed in animals treated with the extract, and no cytotoxicity was observed in the feline epithelial cells. In addition, surgical wounds of cats treated with M. tenuiflora extract exhibited improved healing. On agar plates, treatment with both chlorhexidine and M. tenuiflora extract resulted in the inhibition zones for all bacterial strains isolated from surgical wounds. Therefore, M. tenuiflora extract is demonstrated to have antiseptic effects on the surgical wounds of cats undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijo
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid Region—UFERSA, Mossoro 59625-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(84)-98864-1017
| | | | - Nilza Dutra Alves
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid Region—UFERSA, Mossoro 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Santos Pimenta
- Agricultural Sciences Academic Unit, Forest Sciences Graduate Program—PPGCFL, Forest, Bioenergy and Environment Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte—UFRN, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Caio Sergio Santos
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid Region—UFERSA, Mossoro 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid Region—UFERSA, Mossoro 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Yasmin Beatriz França Moura
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid Region—UFERSA, Mossoro 59625-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jindo K, Goron TL, Kurebito S, Matsumoto K, Masunaga T, Mori K, Miyakawa K, Nagao S, Tokunari T. Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid When Applied with Biochar as a Soil Amendment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113397. [PMID: 35684334 PMCID: PMC9182051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrolysis of biomass material results in pyroligneous acid (PA) and biochar, among other by-products. In agriculture, PA is recognized as an antimicrobial agent, bio-insecticide, and bio-herbicide due to antioxidant activity provided by a variety of constituent materials. Application of PA to crop plants and soil can result in growth promotion, improved soil health, and reduced reliance on polluting chemical crop inputs. More detailed information regarding chemical compound content within PA and identification of optimal chemical profiles for growth promotion in different crop species is essential for application to yield effective results. Additionally, biochar and PA are often applied in tandem for increased agricultural benefits, but little is known regarding the optimal proportion of each crop input. This work reports on the effect of combined applications of different proportions of PA (200- and 800-fold dilutions) and chemical fertilizer rates (100%, 75%, 50%, and 0%) in the presence or absence of biochar on Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis, Japanese mustard spinach) plant growth. To elucidate the chemical composition of the applied PA, four different spectroscopic measurements of fluorescence excitation were utilized for analysis—excitation-emission matrix, ion chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was determined that PA originating from pyrolysis of Japanese pine wood contained different classes of biostimulants (e.g., tryptophan, humic acid, and fulvic acid), and application to Komatsuna plants resulted in increased growth when applied alone, and in different combinations with the other two inputs. Additionally, application of biochar and PA at the higher dilution rate increased leaf accumulation of nutrients, calcium, and phosphorus. These effects reveal that PA and biochar are promising materials for sustainable crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Jindo
- Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Travis Luc Goron
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Soboda Kurebito
- Meiwa Co., Ltd., 3-8-1 Minato, Kanazawa 920-0211, Japan; (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan;
| | - Tsugiyuki Masunaga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kouki Mori
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Takeo Tokunari
- Meiwa Co., Ltd., 3-8-1 Minato, Kanazawa 920-0211, Japan; (S.K.); (T.T.)
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Science and Engineering Complex, 150 Western Avenue, Boston, MA 02134, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Design, 48 Quincy Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Souza JLS, Alves T, Camerini L, Nedel F, Campos AD, Lund RG. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic capacity of pyroligneous extracts films of Eucalyptus grandis and chitosan for oral applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21531. [PMID: 34728647 PMCID: PMC8563853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan films containing distilled pyroligneous extracts of Eucalyptus grandis (DPEC), characterized and developed by Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Temperate Agriculture (EMBRAPA-CPACT), were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus acidophilus by direct contact test. Further, their capacity for the prevention of teeth enamel demineralization and cytotoxicity in vitro were also determined. The natural polymers were tested at different concentrations (1500-7500 µg mL-1) and the formulation of an experimental fluoride varnish with antimicrobial activity was evaluated by direct contact test, whereas cytotoxicity was analyzed through the colorimetric MTT assay. Preliminary data showed no statistically significant differences in cytotoxicity to NIH/3T3 cell line when DPEC is compared to the control group. On the other hand, the antimicrobial capacity and demineralization effects were found between the test groups at the different concentrations tested. Chitosan films containing distilled pyroligneous extracts of E. grandis may be an effective control strategy to prevent biofilm formation related to dental caries when applied as a protective varnish. They may inhibit the colonization of oral microorganisms and possibly control dental caries through a decrease in pH and impairment of enamel demineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Leitzke Santos de Souza
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Eliseu Maciel Avenue, Building 31, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Tomaz Alves
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 385 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laísa Camerini
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Room 411C, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Room 411C, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Angela Diniz Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Temperate Climate, Highway BR-392, 78th km, 9th district, Monte Bonito, Pelotas, RS, 96010-971, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guerra Lund
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves, Room 503, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soares WNC, Lira GPO, Santos CS, Dias GN, Pimenta AS, Pereira AF, Benício LDM, Rodrigues GSO, Amora SSA, Alves ND, Feijó FMC. Pyroligneous acid from Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis as an antimicrobial in dairy goats. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:604-614. [PMID: 33342017 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the applicability of the Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis pyroligneous acids (PAs) as alternative antiseptics in dairy goats. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using bacteria, as well as in vivo using goats, and the influence of PAs on the physicochemical parameters of fresh milk were examined. The cytotoxicity of PAs was evaluated in terms of morphology, cell viability and metabolic activity of goat tegumentary cells. The PA of M. tenuiflora had results similar to those of 2% iodine. For the in vitro tests, strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used with the well technique, demonstrating inhibition halos greater than 9 mm. In the in vivo test, 15 animals were used per phase of the experiment, and the plate counting technique showed that there was antiseptic action of both extracts, with emphasis on the M. tenuiflora PA. Physicochemical analysis of the milk showed that neither PAs interfered with its physical-chemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS The PA of M. tenuiflora presented potential as an alternative antiseptic in dairy goats. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates the use of PA as an antimicrobial agent in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W N C Soares
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G P O Lira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G N Dias
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A S Pimenta
- Forest Engineering, Master Program in Forest Sciences, Agricultural Sciences Unit, Agricultural School of Jundiaí, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Jundiai, RN, Brazil
| | - A F Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - L D M Benício
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G S O Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - S S A Amora
- Laboratory of Food Tecnology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - N D Alves
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - F M C Feijó
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maliang H, Tang L, Lin H, Chen A, Ma J. Influence of high-dose continuous applications of pyroligneous acids on soil health assessed based on pH, moisture content and three hydrolases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:15426-15439. [PMID: 32077021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyroligneous acids can be used in herbicides, but the dosage used often more than 1000 kg ha-1. Five treatments including the application of bamboo, wood, straw vinegar, acetic acid and sulphuric acid at high dosages sprayed once every 6 days, for a total of 3 times. We then continuously monitored the changes in soil pH, moisture content and the activities of three soil hydrolase enzymes involving in urease, protease and sucrase. We found that after 1~3 days of spraying with all 5 kinds of acid, the soil pH was not immediately reduced, but from 3 days after application onward it was reduced by a maximum of 1.54~1.75, which showed that the soil had some buffering capacity. Over time, the pH began to return to the water control pH value, which showed that the soil also had good restorative capacity. After the second and third times of spraying, the pH change measured showed no cumulative effect, which demonstrated that the soil had adaptive capacity. We accidentally found that bamboo vinegar could improve the soil pH by a maximum of 0.65~1.02, while the other four acids reduced its pH. Bamboo vinegar was found to contain the 6 compounds while wood and straw vinegar contained none of these compounds. These compounds may be a new potential reagent(s) for improving the pH. Three soil sample processing methods tested for determining pH, including the moist soil test, oven-dry soil test and air-dried soil test, all produced extremely and significantly different pH values. Five acids were unable to significantly improve the water holding capacity of the soil; they had adverse effects on the activity of the urease enzymes while beneficial effects on the protease and sucrase enzymes. Therefore, pyroligneous acid and acetic acid have no effects on soil health as herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Maliang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghan Tang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Anliang Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|