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Öz M, Inanan BE, Üstüner E, Karagoz B, Dikel S. Effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) oil on growth performance, haemato-biochemical and histopathology of cypermethrin-intoxicated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1449. [PMID: 38581350 PMCID: PMC10998455 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When pesticides are introduced into wetlands by agriculture, fish quickly absorb them through their gills. Pesticides reduce hatchability, impede growth, and antioxidant response, killing fish. Therefore, it's crucial to find effective pesticide mitigation methods for fish. OBJECTIVE In this study, the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on the growth, haematology, biochemistry and histopathology parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to cypermethrin toxicity were investigated. METHODS In the research, cypermethrin was added to the water of the experimental groups at a rate of 1:20 of the LC50 value, and 1.00% garlic oil was added to the fish feed. Fish with an initial weight of 30.26 ± 0.26 g were fed for 45 days. RESULTS At the end of feeding, the final weights were determined as 69.39 ± 0.41 (G1), 61.81 ± 0.65 (G2), 82.25 ± 0.36 (G3), and 75.04 ± 0.68 (G4) grams, respectively. Histopathological examinations revealed serious lesions in the gill, liver, brain, and muscle tissues in the cypermethrin group, whereas these lesions were minimal or absent in the garlic oil group. CONCLUSIONS Garlic oil supplementation had positive effects on growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, hepatosomatic index and histopathological parameters. These findings suggest that garlic oil is a potential protective agent against cypermethrin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Öz
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Fisheries and DiseasesAksaray UniversityAksarayTurkey
| | - Burak Evren Inanan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Fisheries and DiseasesAksaray UniversityAksarayTurkey
| | - Enes Üstüner
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Fisheries and DiseasesAksaray UniversityAksarayTurkey
| | - Betül Karagoz
- Department of Fisheries and DiseasesGraduate School of Health SciencesAksaray UniversityAksarayTurkey
| | - Suat Dikel
- Faculty of FisheriesDepartment of AquacultureCukurova UniversityAdanaTurkey
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2
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Witeska M, Kondera E, Bojarski B. Hematological and Hematopoietic Analysis in Fish Toxicology-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2625. [PMID: 37627416 PMCID: PMC10451336 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological analysis is commonly used to assess the physiological state of fish. It includes red blood cell parameters, white blood cell parameters, and the number of thrombocytes per blood volume unit. Hematological analysis is one of the basic tools (often accompanied by biochemical and histopathological analyses) to assess the influence of organic and inorganic substances on fish. It is, therefore, applicable in both ecotoxicology and pharmacotoxicology. The advantages of this research method are the lack of need for specialized laboratory equipment and low costs, and the limitations are the need for extensive experience among the personnel performing the tests. One of the recommended methods of supplementing routinely determined hematological parameters is assessing the cellular composition and activity of hematopoietic tissue. As there is very little scientific data available on the issue of the effects of xenobiotics on the cellular structure of fish head kidney hematopoietic tissue, filling this gap should be considered an urgent need. Therefore, we recommend conducting research with the simultaneous use of hematological and hematopoietic analysis as reliable and complementary methods of assessing the impact of toxic substances on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Witeska
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Kondera
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Bojarski
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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3
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Hasaballah AI, El-Naggar HA, Abd-El Rahman IE, Al-Otibi F, Alahmadi RM, Abdelzaher OF, Kalaba MH, Amin BH, Mabrouk MM, Gewida AGA, Abd El-Kader MF, Elbahnasawy MA. Surf Redfish-Based ZnO-NPs and Their Biological Activity with Reference to Their Non-Target Toxicity. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:437. [PMID: 37623718 PMCID: PMC10455839 DOI: 10.3390/md21080437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the sea cucumber was isolated from the Red Sea at the Al-Ain Al-Sokhna coast and it was identified as surf redfish (Actinopyga mauritiana). The aqueous extract of the surf redfish was utilized as an ecofriendly, novel and sustainable approach to fabricate zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were physico-chemically characterized and evaluated for their possible antibacterial and insecticidal activities. Additionally, their safety in the non-target organism model (Nile tilapia fish) was also investigated. ZnO-NPs were spherical with an average size of 24.69 ± 11.61 nm and had a peak at 350 nm as shown by TEM and UV-Vis, respectively. XRD analysis indicated a crystalline phase of ZnO-NPs with an average size of 21.7 nm. The FTIR pattern showed biological residues from the surf redfish extract, highlighting their potential role in the biosynthesis process. DLS indicated a negative zeta potential (-19.2 mV) of the ZnO-NPs which is a good preliminary indicator for their stability. ZnO-NPs showed larvicidal activity against mosquito Culex pipiens (LC50 = 15.412 ppm and LC90 = 52.745 ppm) and a potent adulticidal effect to the housefly Musca domestica (LD50 = 21.132 ppm and LD90 = 84.930 ppm). Tested concentrations of ZnO-NPs showed strong activity against the 3rd larval instar. Topical assays revealed dose-dependent adulticidal activity against M. domestica after 24 h of treatment with ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs presented a wide antibacterial activity against two fish-pathogen bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila. Histopathological and hematological investigations of the non-target organism, Nile tilapia fish exposed to 75-600 ppm ZnO-NPs provide dose-dependent impacts. Overall, data highlighted the potential applications of surf redfish-mediated ZnO-NPs as an effective and safe way to control mosquitoes, houseflies and fish pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Hasaballah
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (H.A.E.-N.); (O.F.A.)
| | - Hussein A. El-Naggar
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (H.A.E.-N.); (O.F.A.)
| | - Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 32897, Egypt;
| | - Fatimah Al-Otibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.-O.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Reham M. Alahmadi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.-O.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Othman F. Abdelzaher
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (H.A.E.-N.); (O.F.A.)
| | - Mohamed H. Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (M.H.K.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Basma H. Amin
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Mabrouk
- Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 32897, Egypt; (M.M.M.); (A.G.A.G.)
| | - Ahmed G. A. Gewida
- Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 32897, Egypt; (M.M.M.); (A.G.A.G.)
| | - Marwa F. Abd El-Kader
- Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Fish Diseases and Management, A.R.C., Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Elbahnasawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (M.H.K.); (M.A.E.)
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4
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Abdelmagid AD, Said AM, Abd El-Gawad EA, Shalaby SA, Dawood MAO. Glyphosate-induced liver and kidney dysfunction, oxidative stress, immunosuppression in Nile tilapia, but ginger showed a protection role. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:445-455. [PMID: 35773603 PMCID: PMC10209248 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The water-borne herbicides are involved in the toxicity of aquatic animals resulting in impaired health status and low productivity. Dietary medicinal herbs present a practical solution to relieve the impacts of herbicides toxicity on the performances of aquatic animals. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of commercial glyphosate-induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, liver and kidney dysfunction, and the protective role of ginger or ginger nanoparticles in Nile tilapia. Fish were allocated into four groups: the first group presented the control without glyphosate toxicity and ginger feeding, the second group intoxicated with glyphosate at 0.6 mg/L and fed ginger free diet, the third group intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger at 2.5 g/kg, and the fourth group intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles at 2.5 g/kg. Fish were kept under the experimental conditions for four weeks, and the samples of blood and tissues were collected after 2 and 4 weeks. Markedly, fish exposed to glyphosate showed the highest ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and malondialdehyde levels (MDA) in gills and tissues. While fish in the control and fish intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles had the lowest ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and MDA levels after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Fish fed dietary ginger had lower ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and MDA levels than the glyphosate intoxicated group after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Interestingly, fish-fed ginger nanoparticles showed lower urea and creatinine levels and higher total protein, albumin, and globulin than the glyphosate intoxicated group (P < 0.05) and similar to the control (P > 0.05). Further, fish intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles had the highest GSH, lysozyme activity, and immunoglobulin levels after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ginger nanoparticles are superior to the standard ginger form in enhancing the antioxidative and immune responses of Nile tilapia exposed to glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf D Abdelmagid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Said
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Eman A Abd El-Gawad
- Aquatic Animal Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Sara A Shalaby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt.
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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5
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Yuan X, Wu H, Gao J, Geng X, Xie M, Song R, Zheng J, Wu Y, Ou D. Acute deltamethrin exposure induces oxidative stress, triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impairs hypoxic resistance of crucian carp. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109508. [PMID: 36368507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (Del) has been widely used for effectively controlling ectoparasites of crucian carp and was also strictly prohibited in a hypoxic environment. A previous study indicated that Del exposure causes gill injury in Carassius auratus, which is associated with oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), but the precise mechanism is not well understood. Here, crucian carp were exposed to Del (0.61, 1.22, 2.44, 4.88 μg/L) for 24 h and then subjected to acute hypoxia challenge (1.0 mg/L) for 24 h. The results revealed that acute exposure to Del notably increased MDA content but markedly decreased CAT activities. Moreover, the T-AOC and SOD activities first increased and then decreased in the 4.88 μg/L Del group. Likewise, the mRNA levels of Nrf2 signaling and its target genes (ho-1, mt, sod, cat, and gpx1) were significantly downregulated in the high concentration exposure groups, while the mRNA levels of keap1 showed the opposite change trend. Meanwhile, Del exposure evoked the PERK-ATF4-CHOP and IRE1 signaling pathways and triggered ER stress in a dose-dependent manner in crucian carp. Importantly, we found that Del exposure significantly decreased the survival rate of crucian carp after hypoxia challenge by reducing oxygen uptake, modifying energy metabolism, and promoting lactate accumulation. Additionally, Del exposure aggravated gill damage and apoptosis under hypoxic stress, which was confirmed by histological assays. Collectively, we inferred that acute exposure to deltamethrin induces oxidative stress and ER stress and impairs hypoxic resistance of crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Yuan
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Xiangchang Geng
- Changsha Animal and Plant Disease Control Center, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Min Xie
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Jiaomei Zheng
- Changsha Animal and Plant Disease Control Center, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Yuanan Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Dongsheng Ou
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
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6
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Chukwuka AV, Saha S, Mukherjee D, Banerjee P, Dhara K, Saha NC. Deltamethrin-Induced Respiratory and Behavioral Effects and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) in Short-Term Exposed Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. TOXICS 2022; 10:701. [PMID: 36422909 PMCID: PMC9695016 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were investigated using behavioral indices and opercular movement, respectively. Deltamethrin concentrations were found to be associated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) responses. At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the LC50 values and 95% confidence limits were 12.290 (11.174-14.411 µg/L), 12.671 (11.334-15.649 µg/L), 10.172 (9.310-11.193 µg/L), and 8.639 (7.860-9.417 µg/L), respectively. The GUTS-model analysis showed that GUTS-SD (stochastic death) with a narrow tolerance distribution in deltamethrin exposed O. mossambicus populations was more sensitive than the GUTS-IT (individual tolerance) model. Prior to death, exposed fish demonstrated concentration-dependent mortality and disturbed behavioral responses, including uncoordinated swim motions, increased mucus secretion, unbalanced and unpredictable swimming patterns, and inactivity. The altered behavioral patterns and increased opercular movement with increased deltamethrin levels and exposure time are strongly suggestive of neurotoxicity and respiratory distress, respectively. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs), describing biological mechanisms and plausible pathways, highlighted oxidative stress and cholinergic effects as intermediate steps linked to respiratory distress and behavioral toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azubuike V. Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo 234, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Shubhajit Saha
- Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, Canning 743611, West Bengal, India
| | - Dip Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, S.B.S. Government College, Hili 733126, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyajit Banerjee
- Fisheries Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Bardhhaman 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Kishore Dhara
- Directorate of Fisheries, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fisheries Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Bardhhaman 713104, West Bengal, India
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7
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Fadl SE, Elbialy ZI, Abdo W, Saad AH, Aboubakr M, Abdeen A, Elkamshishi MM, Salah AS, El-Mleeh A, Almeer R, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM, Najda A, Abdelhiee EY. Ameliorative effect of Spirulina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against fipronil toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113899. [PMID: 35870348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ameliorative effects of Spirulina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) against fipronil toxicity in Nile tilapia fish were investigated. Fipronil is a kind of pesticide that is widely used in agriculture, thus this trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of fipronil on growth related parameters (final body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio), hematology related parameters (RBCs, WBCs, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and deferential leukocytic count), biochemistry related parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine), histopathology of liver, intestine, gills, and spleen, and gene expression of antioxidants, stress, inflammatory, apoptotic, and related to junction proteins genes as SOD and GPx, COX II, TNF-α, Casp-3, and Claudin-3, respectively, in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four hundred and five Nile tilapia fish were distributed in a glass aquarium into nine groups according to the Spirulina and S. cerevisiae supplemented diets, with or without fipronil contaminated water. The classified groups are control, Sc: S. cerevisiae (4 g/Kg diet), Sp: Spirulina (1 g/100 g diet), Fb1: 0.0021 mg fipronil/L, ScFb1: S. cerevisiae (4 g/Kg diet) with 0.0021 mg fipronil/L, SpFb1: Spirulina (1 g/100 g diet) with 0.0021 mg fipronil/L, Fb2: 0.0042 mg fipronil/L, ScFb2: S. cerevisiae (4 g/Kg diet) with 0.0042 mg fipronil/L, and SpFb2: Spirulina (1 g/100 g diet) with 0.0042 mg fipronil/L. The results of the present investigation indicated the negative effect of fipronil on the growth performance parameters of Nile tilapia, which was confirmed by the results of hematology, biochemistry, and histopathology. In addition, the results of gene expression of antioxidants, stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic genes indicate the genotoxicity of fipronil. However, these negative effects were ameliorated by Spirulina and Saccharomyces dietary supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Matrouh University, Matrouh 51744, Egypt.
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Walied Abdo
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Adel Hassan Saad
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51744, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qaliobiya, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | - Abdallah S Salah
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Department of Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum 32514, Egypt.
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne, Franche-Comté University, CEDEX, F-25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ehab Yahya Abdelhiee
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51744, Egypt.
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Wu H, Gao J, Xie M, Wu J, Song R, Yuan X, Wu Y, Ou D. Chronic exposure to deltamethrin disrupts intestinal health and intestinal microbiota in juvenile crucian carp. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113732. [PMID: 35679730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of deltamethrin in agriculture and aquaculture can lead to residues increased in many regions, which poses negative impacts on intestinal health of aquatic organisms. Although the potential toxicity of deltamethrin have recently attracted attention, the comprehensive studies on intestinal injuries after chronic deltamethrin exposure remain poorly understood. Herein, in a 28-day chronic toxicity test, crucian carp expose to different concentrations of deltamethrin (0, 0.3, and 0.6 μg/L) were used as the research object. We found that the morphology changes and increased goblet cells in intestinal tissue, and the extent of tissue injury increased along with the increasing exposure dose of deltamethrin. Additionally, the genes expression of antioxidant activity (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and catalase (CAT)), inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)), and tight junctions (Claudin 12 (CLDN12), and tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1)) dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the apoptosis and autophagy process were triggered through caspase-9 cascade and autophagy related 5 (ATG5)- autophagy related 12 (ATG12) conjugate. Besides, chronic deltamethrin exposure increased the amount of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota, while decreased Fusobacteriota abundance, resulting in intestinal microbiota function disorders. In summary, our results highlight that chronic exposure to deltamethrin cause serious intestinal toxicity and results in physiological changes and intestinal flora disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Min Xie
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Xiping Yuan
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Yuanan Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ou
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
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9
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Varg JE, Outomuro D, Kunce W, Kuehrer L, Svanbäck R, Johansson F. Microplastic exposure across trophic levels: effects on the host-microbiota of freshwater organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:36. [PMID: 35794681 PMCID: PMC9258161 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics are a pervasive pollutant widespread in the sea and freshwater from anthropogenic sources, and together with the presence of pesticides, they can have physical and chemical effects on aquatic organisms and on their microbiota. Few studies have explored the combined effects of microplastics and pesticides on the host-microbiome, and more importantly, the effects across multiple trophic levels. In this work, we studied the effects of exposure to microplastics and the pesticide deltamethrin on the diversity and abundance of the host-microbiome across a three-level food chain: daphnids-damselfly-dragonflies. Daphnids were the only organism exposed to 1 µm microplastic beads, and they were fed to damselfly larvae. Those damselfly larvae were exposed to deltamethrin and then fed to the dragonfly larvae. The microbiotas of the daphnids, damselflies, and dragonflies were analyzed. RESULTS Exposure to microplastics and deltamethrin had a direct effect on the microbiome of the species exposed to these pollutants. An indirect effect was also found since exposure to the pollutants at lower trophic levels showed carry over effects on the diversity and abundance of the microbiome on higher trophic levels, even though the organisms at these levels where not directly exposed to the pollutants. Moreover, the exposure to deltamethrin on the damselflies negatively affected their survival rate in the presence of the dragonfly predator, but no such effects were found on damselflies fed with daphnids that had been exposed to microplastics. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of evaluating ecotoxicological effects at the community level. Importantly, the indirect exposure to microplastics and pesticides through diet can potentially have bottom-up effects on the trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Edo Varg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Section for Ecology and Biodiversity, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Undervisningsplan 7H, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - David Outomuro
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Warren Kunce
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Kuehrer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Svanbäck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Johansson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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A blend of herbal essential oils enhanced the growth performance, blood bio-immunology traits, and intestinal health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nile tilapia fed four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ml/kg) of a liquid blend of herbal essential oils (EOs) contains carvacrol, oregano, 1,8 cineol, thymol, pinene, pinene β, limonene, and propylene glycol for 60 days. The results showed higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (P<0.05) in fish delivered 0.25 and 0.5 ml EOs/kg than the control. However, the feed conversion ratio was markedly reduced in fish fed 0.5 and 1 ml EOs/kg (P<0.05). Lipase showed enhanced activity in fish subjected to a blend of EOs, while fish fed 0.5 ml/kg of EOs blend had higher amylase activity (P<0.05) than the other levels. Lysozyme activity and superoxide dismutase showed a higher value in fish received 0.5 ml EOs/kg. Additionally, phagocytic and catalase activities enhanced in fish received 0.5 and 1 ml/kg while phagocytic index enhanced in fish fed 1 ml/kg (P<0.05). Interestingly, the total immunoglobulin level was markedly higher, while malondialdehyde was lower in EOs-subjected fish (P<0.05) than in control. The histomorphology appearance of the intestine, liver, and spleen were enriched in EOs-treated fish comparing the control fish. In conclusion, the growth performance, feed efficiency, and blood bio-immunological indices of fish fed 0.5–1 ml of EOs blend per kg had the best performances.
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11
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Gewaily MS, Abdo SE, Moustafa EM, AbdEl-kader MF, Abd El-Razek IM, El-Sharnouby M, Alkafafy M, Raza SHA, El Basuini MF, Van Doan H, Dawood MAO. Dietary Synbiotics Can Help Relieve the Impacts of Deltamethrin Toxicity of Nile Tilapia Reared at Low Temperatures. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1790. [PMID: 34203916 PMCID: PMC8232581 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal water temperature for the normal growth of Nile tilapia is between 26 and 28 °C, and the toxicity of pesticides is strongly related to water temperature. An alternate approach to augmenting the resistance of fish to ambient water toxicity and low water temperature via synbiotic feeding was proposed. In this study, fish were allocated into four groups with 10 fish in each replicate, where they were fed a basal diet or synbiotics (550 mg/kg) and kept at a suboptimal water temperature (21 ± 2 °C). The prepared diets were fed to Nile tilapia for 30 days with or without deltamethrin (DMT) ambient exposure (15 μg/L). The groups were named control (basal diet without DMT toxicity), DMT (basal diet with DMT toxicity), synbiotic (synbiotics without DMT toxicity), and DMT + synbiotic (synbiotics with DMT toxicity). The results displayed upregulated transcription of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and interferon (IFN-γ) genes caused by DMT exposure and synbiotic feeding when compared with the controls. Moreover, HSP70 and CASP3 genes displayed increased transcription caused by DMT exposure without synbiotic feeding. However, fish fed with synbiotics showed downregulated HSP70 and CASP3 gene expressions. The transcription of IL-1β and IL-8 genes were also decreased by DMT exposure, while fish fed synbiotics showed upregulated levels. DMT exposure resulted in irregular histopathological features in gills, intestine, spleen, and liver tissues, while fish fed synbiotics showed regular, normal, and protected histopathological images. Our results indicated that dietary synbiotics ameliorated histopathological damages in DMT-exposed tilapia through alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as enhancing the immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S. Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Safaa E. Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Eman M. Moustafa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Marwa F. AbdEl-kader
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, A.R.C., Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Ibrahim M. Abd El-Razek
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (I.M.A.E.-R.); (M.A.O.D.)
| | - Mohamed El-Sharnouby
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.-S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.-S.); (M.A.)
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding & Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Mohammed F. El Basuini
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46618, Egypt;
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (I.M.A.E.-R.); (M.A.O.D.)
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12
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Taha HSA, Ismail TA, Khalil SR, Abou-Zeid SM. Immune response and susceptibility of Nile tilapia fish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection following the exposure to Bifenthrin and/or supplementation with Petroselinum crispum essential oil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112205. [PMID: 33848734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is a widely used 3rd generation type I pyrethroid with a potential toxic effect in fish. Nevertheless, its effect on the immune system remains unclear. In the present study, Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to BF at 0.68 μg/L for 60 days, followed by evaluating the hematological, biochemical, and immunological responses. Additionally, the potential of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil (PEO) to ameliorate the BF-induced toxic insults was explored. Our data have shown reductions in the growth performance with alterations observed in the hematological variables, protein profile and serum biomarkers of stress. DNA oxidative damage was evidenced by elevation of serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content. BF-exposed fish presented also decline in serum lysozyme activity and levels of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) and nitric oxide (NO), with diminished resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Furthermore, the RT-PCR analysis showed an upregulated expression pattern of immune -related genes including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon - γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α) genes in the liver tissue. Dietary co-supplementation of PEO at 1 or 2 mL/kg diet with concomitant BF exposure, alleviated the adverse effects of the insecticide in a dose-dependent manner. The observations from this study demonstrate the immunomodulation by BF and provide further insight into the protective properties of PEO and strengthen its applicability as a promising feed supplement to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba S A Taha
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa M Abou-Zeid
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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Riauwaty M, Siregar YI, Mulyani I. Effectiveness of turmeric-enriched pellets to improve the immunity of Clarias batrachus toward motile Aeromonas septicemia disease. F1000Res 2021; 10:169. [PMID: 34158921 PMCID: PMC8191517 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28260.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Turmeric is known as a natural remedy to improve the immunity of organisms. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of turmeric-enriched pellets to improve the immunity of Clarias batrachus to Aeromonas hydrophila. Methods: The study was conducted from May to August 2020. C. batrachus fingerlings, 7-8 cm total length (TL) and 4-5 g (BW) at baseline, were kept in 30 L aquaria (10 fishes/aquarium; three replicated/treatment). Commercial pellets were mixed with turmeric powder. There were five treatment groups: P0 (control, no turmeric); P1 (0.5 g turmeric per Kg of pellets); P2 (0.7 g/Kg); P3 (0.9 g/Kg); Pp (positive control). Thirty days after being feed with turmeric-enriched pellets, all groups of fish were infected with 0.1 ml (10 8) of A. hydrophila suspension, intramuscularly. The P0 group did not receive injection, while Pp group were not fed with turmeric-enriched pellets but were infected with the bacteria. Fourteen days after infection, clinical signs and hematology of the fish were studied. Results: Pp fish showed heavy clinical signs of A. hydrophila , such as loss of balance, pigmentation, hemorrhages and ulcers. P0 fish did not show any symptoms, while the treated fish reveled some clinical signs of A. hydrophila to a lesser extent than Pp, indicating that the fish is able to face the A. hydrophila attack. Hematology for Pp fish revealed high white blood cells, indicating that the fish were infected. The blood condition of the P0 fish, as well as those of the turmeric-treated fish were normal. In general, the P3 fish showed the least clinical signs of A. hydrophila and normal blood condition, indicating that P3 treatment is best. Conclusion: The best turmeric dosage to improve the immunity of C. batrachus toward A . hydrophila infection is 0.9 g/Kg pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morina Riauwaty
- Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Yusni I Siregar
- Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Isma Mulyani
- Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
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14
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A comparative study on the effects of selected pesticides on hemato-biochemistry and tissue histology of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822). Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:603-611. [PMID: 33424346 PMCID: PMC7783810 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative effects of pesticides Chlorfenapyr, Dimethoate and Acetamiprid on the health of Cirrhinus mrigala under long term exposure. Eighty C. mrigala were divided in four equal groups; one control and three treated groups. The blood was collected from both control and treated groups at intervals of 10th, 20th and 30th days for hemato-biochemistry and histopathological alterations. The result indicates significant difference (P < 0.05) in RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCHC whereas elevation in WBCs and Platelets counts were recorded. In 10th day sampling, MCV value of Dimethoate and Acetamiprid treatment had no difference in comparison with the control group, however it is significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rest of sampling. The MCH value of exposed fish showed significant increased (P < 0.05) after 20th and 30th days for Chlorfenapyr and after 30th days for Acetamiprid exposure while insignificantly increased for rest of sampling. It was also found that these pesticides significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the T3 and T4 levels while increase in the TSH, cortical, ALP, AST, ALT and LDH levels in the serum of the treated fishes in contrast to control group. Similarly, histopathological analysis of gills and liver showed significant alterations in all the treated groups. Toxicity trends of these pesticides was ranked as Chlorfenapyr > Acetamiprid > Dimethoate. It is concluded that indiscriminate use of such pesticides poses a noxious threat to non-target organisms, harm the ecosystems and jeopardizes human health.
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15
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Mokhbatly AAA, Assar DH, Ghazy EW, Elbialy Z, Rizk SA, Omar AA, Gaafar AY, Dawood MAO. The protective role of spirulina and β-glucan in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) against chronic toxicity of chlorpyrifos: hemato-biochemistry, histopathology, and oxidative stress traits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31636-31651. [PMID: 32500495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an insecticide that is commonly applied in the agriculture sector. However, little is known about the protective role of Spirulina platensis (SP) and/or β-glucan (BG) on African catfish exposed to chronic CPF toxicity. The fish (95 ± 5 g, initial weight) were assigned to 5 fiberglass tanks (500 L, 50 fish/tank) where the 1st and 2nd fed the basal diet, while the 3rd, 4th, and 5th fed diets with SP, BG, and SP+BG at 0.5%, respectively. Fish in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were exposed to CPF at a dose of 1.5 mg/L and fed the respective diets for 60 days. In comparison with the control group, CPF-exposed fish exhibited significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) body weights, feed intake, red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) (%), lymphocytes, monocytes, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index, while feed conversion ratio, white blood cell count, and neutrophils count were significantly increased. Fish exposed to CPF also revealed a significant elevation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (vLDL), glucose concentration, urea, and creatinine as well as low total proteins, albumin, globulins, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Fish exposed to CPF also exhibited a high concentration of malondialdehyde while glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities were significantly decreased in the liver, gills, brain, and intestine tissues. Moreover, exposure to CPF resulted in higher transcription of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A-P450) gene expression than the 1st group. Histopathological investigations revealed various degrees of pathological lesions in different organs like the liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and intestine tissues. Interestingly, dietary SP supplementation either alone or combined with BG significantly ameliorated the alterations mitigated by CPF-induced organ injuries and genotoxicity. Therefore, it could be concluded that SP or/and BG are able to induce the protective consequences on health status, immunity, and antioxidative response of African catfish exposed to CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd-Allah A Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Emad W Ghazy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Zizy Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sally A Rizk
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Amira A Omar
- Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Alkhateib Y Gaafar
- Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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16
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Dawood MAO, El-Shamaa IS, Abdel-Razik NI, Elkomy AH, Gewaily MS, Abdo SE, Soliman AA, Paray BA, Abdelkhalek N. The effect of mannanoligosaccharide on the growth performance, histopathology, and the expression of immune and antioxidative related genes in Nile tilapia reared under chlorpyrifos ambient toxicity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:421-429. [PMID: 32470510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) in reducing the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) toxicity in tilapia was evaluated in the present study. Fish were allotted into four groups and fed the basal diet or MOS and exposed to CPF (control, CPF, MOS, and MOS/CPF) for 30 days. Fish fed MOS revealed higher growth and survival rates and lower FCR than CPF-intoxicated fish (P < 0.05). The Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs variables were lowered by CPF toxicity and increased by MOS (P < 0.05). The values of total protein (sTP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), lysozyme (LZM), and phagocytic activities (PA) decreased whereas, ALP, ALT, AST, urea, bilirubin (BIL), and creatinine (CR) were increased by CPF toxicity. However, dietary MOS increased the sTP, ALB, GLB, LZM, and PA and decreased the ALP, ALT, AST, BIL, and CR. The PA and phagocytic index displayed higher levels by MOS feeding than the other groups (P < 0.05). The lowest mRNA level of GPX1 (cellular GPX) gene was observed in fish of the CPF group, while the highest level was shown in the MOS/CPF group (P < 0.05). Fish in the control and CPF groups displayed downregulated CAT whereas the expression of GPX and CAT genes was higher in fish of the MOS/CPF group than fish in the MOS group (P < 0.05). MOS upregulated the expression of HSP70 gene with CPF toxicity. Fish of the CPF and MOS/CPF groups displayed upregulated CASP3, IFN-γ, and IL-8 genes. Fish of the CPF group exhibited the lowest IL-1β, while fish of the MOS/CPF group showed upregulated IL-1β. The intoxication with CPF induced histopathological inflammations in the gills, intestine, and liver tissues, while dietary MOS protected against inflammation. In summary, dietary MOS is recommended as an immunostimulant to counteract the inflammatory impacts of waterborne CPF toxicity in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim S El-Shamaa
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I Abdel-Razik
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Azza H Elkomy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevien Abdelkhalek
- Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Mahmoud EA, El-Sayed BM, Mahsoub YH, El-Murr AEI, Neamat-Allah ANF. Effect of Chlorella vulgaris enriched diet on growth performance, hemato-immunological responses, antioxidant and transcriptomics profile disorders caused by deltamethrin toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:422-429. [PMID: 32376299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effect of deltamethrin (DM) was documented in aquaculture. There is no obtainable data on the effect of Chlorella vulgaris against DM toxicity. The current study focused on the effect of dietary supplementation with C. vulgaris (CV) on growth performance, innate immune response, antioxidant activities, and transcriptomics disorders induced by sub-lethal dose of DM in Oreochromis niloticus. A total number of 216 O. niloticus divided into four groups with tri-replicates. The 1st control group (CT) fed a basal diet, the second group fed diet enriched with 5% CV. The third group was exposed to DM (15 μg/L), where the last group fed CV and simultaneously exposed to DM as previous-mentioned. The procedure of CV feeding and DM exposure were continued for two months. Exposures to DM revealed in stunting of the growth parameters and lessening of survival ratio of tilapias with a significant decline of the erythrogram (macrocytic hypochromic anemic picture), and leucocytes immune cells and related parameters (immunoglobulin M, lysozyme) and sever shifting in the antioxidant indicators. Sever raise was monitored in hepatic and kidney markers. Also, genes expression related to immune and antioxidant parameters were severely impacted. Where tilapias received CV showed a significant increase in the growth and immune parameters besides to an improvement of hematological, antioxidant values and their related genes expressions. The fourth group that received CV simultaneous with DM exposure showed a soothing of the previous indicators and markers toward the values of tilapias fed on basal diet (CT). In turn, CV supplementation may be presented a protective effect alongside DM toxicity in O. niloticus appeared through soothing of the immune, antioxidant and related genes expressions in addition to its hepato-renal protective effects. Therefore, the current study recommended that an incorporating of 5% CV for tilapias diet could improve their growth performance, immunity, antioxidant and transcriptomics disorders induced by deltamethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam A Mahmoud
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Atagneed Street, 44519, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Badawi M El-Sayed
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Yasser H Mahsoub
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Abd Elhakeem I El-Murr
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N F Neamat-Allah
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Atagneed Street, 44519, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
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18
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Abdel-Daim MM, Dawood MA, Elbadawy M, Aleya L, Alkahtani S. Spirulina platensis Reduced Oxidative Damage Induced by Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E473. [PMID: 32178251 PMCID: PMC7142642 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the numerous pharmacological impacts of Spirulina platensis (SP), the effects of SP on the oxidative status of Nile tilapia farmed under chlorpyrifos (CPF) ambient toxicity were considered in this study. Fish (60 ± 6.1 g) was randomly stocked in five groups where the SP free diet was fed to the control group while the second one was fed 1% SP without CPF exposure. Additionally, CPF (15 μg/L) was added in water and fish were fed with SP at 0, 0.5, and 1% (third, fourth, and fifth groups, respectively). Samples of blood and gills, kidneys, and liver tissues were assayed for biochemical measurements. Fish exposed to CPF exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.05) increments of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA), while significantly decreased total protein, albumin, and antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were observed in tilapia exposed to CPF (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, SP feeding resulted in decreased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine as well as increased total protein, albumin, SOD, and CAT activities. Based on the obtained results, it can be suggested that SP is efficient in protecting Nile tilapia from CPF toxicity by increasing the antioxidative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of and Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon CEDEX, France
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of and Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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