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Wang X, Zhou Y, Xie D, Yin F, Liang Y, Luo X. Melatonin intervention to prevent nanomaterial exposure-induced damages: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39090837 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Given its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, melatonin (MEL), a health-caring food to improve sleep disorders, is hypothesized to protect against nanomaterial exposure-induced toxicity. However, the conclusion derived from different studies seemed inconsistent. A meta-analysis of all available preclinical studies was performed to examine the effects of MEL on nanomaterial-induced damages. Eighteen relevant studies were retrieved through searching five electronic databases up to December 2023. The meta-analysis showed that relative to control, MEL treatment significantly increased cell viability (standardized mean difference [SMD = 1.27]) and alleviated liver function (lowered AST [SMD = -3.89] and ALT [SMD = -5.89]), bone formation (enhanced BV/TV [SMD = 4.13] and lessened eroded bone surface [SMD = -5.40]), and brain nerve (inhibition of AChE activity [SMD = -3.60]) damages in animals. The protective mechanisms of MEL against damages caused by nanomaterial exposure were associated with its antiapoptotic (decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio [SMD = -4.50] and caspase-3 levels [dose <100 μM: SMD = -3.66]), antioxidant (decreased MDA [in vitro: SMD = -2.84; in vivo: SMD = -4.27]), and anti-inflammatory (downregulated TNF-α [in vitro: SMD = -5.41; in vivo: SMD = -3.21] and IL-6 [in vitro: SMD = -5.90; in vivo: SMD = -2.81]) capabilities. In conclusion, our study suggests that MEL should be supplemented to prevent damages in populations exposed to nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering/National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongli Xie
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Yin
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Liang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Das SK, Sen K, Ghosh B, Ghosh N, Sinha K, Sil PC. Molecular mechanism of nanomaterials induced liver injury: A review. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:566-600. [PMID: 38689743 PMCID: PMC11056894 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties inherent to nanoscale materials have unveiled numerous potential applications, spanning beyond the pharmaceutical and medical sectors into various consumer industries like food and cosmetics. Consequently, humans encounter nanomaterials through diverse exposure routes, giving rise to potential health considerations. Noteworthy among these materials are silica and specific metallic nanoparticles, extensively utilized in consumer products, which have garnered substantial attention due to their propensity to accumulate and induce adverse effects in the liver. This review paper aims to provide an exhaustive examination of the molecular mechanisms underpinning nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity, drawing insights from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Primarily, the most frequently observed manifestations of toxicity following the exposure of cells or animal models to various nanomaterials involve the initiation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, we delve into the existing in vitro models employed for evaluating the hepatotoxic effects of nanomaterials, emphasizing the persistent endeavors to advance and bolster the reliability of these models for nanotoxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Das
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram 721507, India
| | - Koushik Sen
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram 721507, India
| | - Biswatosh Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Nabanita Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700013, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram 721507, India.
| | - Parames C Sil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Calcutta 700054, India
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3
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Dong T, Yu C, Yang Z, He G, Wen Y, Roseng LE, Wei X, Jing W, Lin Q, Zhao L, Jiang Z. Nanotoxicity of tungsten trioxide nanosheets containing oxygen vacancy to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113742. [PMID: 38271855 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Because of the excellent performance in photochemistry, WO3 is increasingly applied in the field of biology and medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism of WO3 cytotoxicity. In this work, WO3 nanosheets with oxygen vacancy are synthesized by solvothermal method, then characterized and added to culture medium of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with different concentrations. We characterized and analyzed the morphology of nano-WO3 by transmission electron microscopy and calculated the specific data of oxygen vacancy by XPS. It is the first time the effect of WO3-x on cells that WO3-x can cause oxidative stress in HUVEC cells, resulting in DNA damage and thus promoting apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing is performed on cells treated with low and high concentrations of WO3-x, and a series of key signals affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis are detected in differentially expressed genes, which indicates the research direction of nanotoxicity. The expression levels of key genes are also verified by quantitative PCR after cell treatment with different concentrations of WO3-x. This work fills the gap between the biocompatibility of nano WO3-x materials and molecular cytology and paves the way for investigating the mechanism and risks of oxygen vacancy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-NanoSystems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Chenghui Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-NanoSystems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-NanoSystems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Guozhen He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-NanoSystems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Yumei Wen
- Department of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lars Eric Roseng
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Xueyong Wei
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Barrera-Chimal J, Henley N, Grant MP, Cenatus S, Geraldes P, Pichette V, Gerarduzzi C. Tungsten toxicity on kidney tubular epithelial cells induces renal inflammation and M1-macrophage polarization. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:3061-3075. [PMID: 37368165 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is widely used in medical, industrial, and military applications. The environmental exposure to tungsten has increased over the past several years, and few studies have addressed its potential toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chronic oral tungsten exposure (100 ppm) on renal inflammation in male mice. We found that 30- or 90-day tungsten exposure led to the accumulation of LAMP1-positive lysosomes in renal tubular epithelial cells. In addition, the kidneys of mice exposed to tungsten showed interstitial infiltration of leukocytes, myeloid cells, and macrophages together with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and p50/p65-NFkB subunits. In proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) in vitro, tungsten induced a similar inflammatory status characterized by increased mRNA levels of CSF1, IL34, CXCL2, and CXCL10 and NFkB activation. Moreover, tungsten exposure reduced HK-2 cell viability and enhanced reactive oxygen species generation. Conditioned media from HK-2 cells treated with tungsten induced an M1-proinflammatory polarization of RAW macrophages as evidenced by increased levels of iNOS and interleukin-6 and decreased levels of the M2-antiinflammatory marker CD206. These effects were not observed when RAW cells were exposed to conditioned media from HK-2 cells treated with tungsten and supplemented with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Similarly, direct tungsten exposure induced M1-proinflammatory polarization of RAW cells that was prevented by NAC co-treatment. Altogether, our data suggest that prolonged tungsten exposure leads to oxidative injury in the kidney ultimately leading to chronic renal inflammation characterized by a proinflammatory status in kidney tubular epithelial cells and immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Henley
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Philip Grant
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schrodinger Cenatus
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Pichette
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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5
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Rehan T, Tahir A, Sultan A, Alabbosh KF, Waseem S, Ul-Islam M, Khan KA, Ibrahim EH, Ullah MW, Shah N. Mitigation of Benzene-Induced Haematotoxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats through Plant-Extract-Loaded Silica Nanobeads. TOXICS 2023; 11:865. [PMID: 37888715 PMCID: PMC10610980 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, a potent carcinogen, is known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia. While chemotherapy is commonly used for cancer treatment, its side effects have prompted scientists to explore natural products that can mitigate the haematotoxic effects induced by chemicals. One area of interest is nano-theragnostics, which aims to enhance the therapeutic potential of natural products. This study aimed to enhance the effects of methanolic extracts from Ocimum basilicum, Rosemarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris by loading them onto silica nanobeads (SNBs) for targeted delivery to mitigate the benzene-induced haematotoxic effects. The SNBs, 48 nm in diameter, were prepared using a chemical method and were then loaded with the plant extracts. The plant-extract-loaded SNBs were then coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The modified SNBs were characterized using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The developed plant-extract-loaded and CMC-modified SNBs were administered intravenously to benzene-exposed rats, and haematological and histopathological profiling was conducted. Rats exposed to benzene showed increased liver and spleen weight, which was mitigated by the plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The differential white blood cell (WBC) count was higher in rats with benzene-induced haematotoxicity, but this count decreased significantly in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. Additionally, blast cells observed in benzene-exposed rats were not found in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The SNBs facilitated targeted drug delivery of the three selected medicinal herbs at low doses. These results suggest that SNBs have promising potential as targeted drug delivery agents to mitigate haematotoxic effects induced by benzene in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Rehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Anum Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahid Waseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for
Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam H. Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo 12611, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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6
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Gu C, Wang Z, Pan Y, Zhu S, Gu Z. Tungsten-based Nanomaterials in the Biomedical Field: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204397. [PMID: 35906814 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten-based nanomaterials (TNMs) with diverse nanostructures and unique physicochemical properties have been widely applied in the biomedical field. Although various reviews have described the application of TNMs in specific biomedical fields, there are still no comprehensive studies that summarize and analyze research trends of the field as a whole. To identify and further promote the development of biomedical TNMs, a bibliometric analysis method is used to analyze all relevant literature on this topic. First, general bibliometric distributions of the dataset by year, country, institute, referenced source, and research hotspots are recognized. Next, a comprehensive review of the subjectively recognized research hotspots in various biomedical fields, including biological sensing, anticancer treatments, antibacterials, and toxicity evaluation, is provided. Finally, the prospects and challenges of TNMs are discussed to provide a new perspective for further promoting their development in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yawen Pan
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Itodo JI, Rekwot PI, Aluwong T, Allam L, Jolayemi Olutimilehin K, Kyari S, Abah KO, Ibrahim S, Dogara MU, Yusuf Abdulrafiu T, Makama MM, Mundi HL, Abdullahi HR. Azanza garckeana ameliorates Bisphenol A-induced reproductive toxicities in rabbit bucks. Theriogenology 2022; 192:150-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Protective effects of melatonin and L-carnitine against methotrexate-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 395:87-97. [PMID: 34821957 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of melatonin (MEL) and/or L-carnitine (L-CAR) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were prepared using collagenase techniques of perfusion and digestion of rat liver. Trypan blue uptake, as well as, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured. Caspase-3 activity was also assessed. Pre-incubation of hepatocytes with MEL (1 mM) and/or L-CAR (10 mM) 30 min prior to intoxication with MTX, significantly protected hepatocytes against toxicity. In addition, LPO, NO, TNF-α levels, and caspase-3 activity were decreased in comparison to the MTX-intoxicated group. Furthermore, the two drugs increased the MTX-depleted GSH level. MEL and L-CAR prevented MTX-induced hepatocytotoxicity, at least partly, by their antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Further studies are recommended on the clinical pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of MEL and L-CAR in patients receiving MTX.
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Chen L, Huang Q, Zhao T, Sui L, Wang S, Xiao Z, Nan Y, Ai K. Nanotherapies for sepsis by regulating inflammatory signals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: New insight for treating COVID-19. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102046. [PMID: 34174559 PMCID: PMC8205260 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused up to 127 million cases of COVID-19. Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients develop severe illness, and approximately 40% of those with severe illness eventually die, corresponding to more than 2.78 million people. The pathological characteristics of COVID-19 resemble typical sepsis, and severe COVID-19 has been identified as viral sepsis. Progress in sepsis research is important for improving the clinical care of these patients. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of sepsis have led to the view that an uncontrolled inflammatory response and oxidative stress are core factors. However, in the traditional treatment of sepsis, it is difficult to achieve a balance between the inflammation, pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi), and patient tolerance, resulting in high mortality of patients with sepsis. In recent years, nanomaterials mediating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and the inflammatory response have shown previously unattainable therapeutic effects on sepsis. Despite these advantages, RONS and inflammatory response-based nanomaterials have yet to be extensively adopted as sepsis therapy. To the best of our knowledge, no review has yet discussed the pathogenesis of sepsis and the application of nanomaterials. To help bridge this gap, we discuss the pathogenesis of sepsis related to inflammation and the overproduction RONS, which activate pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-PRR signaling pathways. We also summarize the application of nanomaterials in the treatment of sepsis. As highlighted here, this strategy could synergistically improve the therapeutic efficacy against both RONS and inflammation in sepsis and may prolong survival. Current challenges and future developments for sepsis treatment are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, Hunan, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Sui
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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