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Scarberry SR, Prutchi H, Frye BM, Herr J, Scott C, Long CM, Jorgensen MJ, Shively CA, Kavanagh K. Development and assessment of a stair ascension challenge as a measure of aging and physical function in nonhuman primates. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23582. [PMID: 38050788 PMCID: PMC10843660 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are valuable models for studying healthspan, including frailty development. Frailty metrics in people centers on functional measures, including usual gait speed which can be predictive of all-cause mortality. This concept that physical competencies are able to prognosticate an individual's health trajectory over chronologic aging is well-accepted and has led to refinements in how physical function is evaluated, and include measures of strength and power along with walking speed. NHP studies of aging require evaluation of physical function, which can be difficult in field and research settings. We compared stair climb velocity to usual walking speed in 28 peri-geriatric to geriatric NHPs, as incorporating a climbing obstacle integrates multiple components of physical function: isolated leg and back strength, proprioception, balance, and range of motion. We find that stair climbing speed was reliable between observers, and whether timing was in-person take from video capture. The stair climb rates were 50% more associated with chronological age than walking speed (R = -0.68 vs. -0.45) and only stair climbing speeds were retained as predictive of age when walking speed and bodyweight were included in multivariate models (overall R2 = 0.44; p < 0.0001). When comparing young (10-16 years) versus geriatric (16-29 years) stair climbing speed was significantly different (p < 0.001), while walking speeds only tended to be slower (p = 0.12) suggesting that the additional challenge of a stair climb better unmasks subclinical frailty development that usual walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. Scarberry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah Prutchi
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brett M. Frye
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA
| | - Justin Herr
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christie Scott
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chrissy M. Long
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew J. Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Negrey JD, Frye BM, Craft S, Register TC, Baxter MG, Jorgensen MJ, Shively CA. Executive function mediates age-related variation in social integration in female vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). GeroScience 2024; 46:841-852. [PMID: 37217631 PMCID: PMC10828467 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, social participation and integration wane with advanced age, a pattern hypothesized to stem from cognitive or physical decrements. Similar age-related decreases in social participation have been observed in several nonhuman primate species. Here, we investigated cross-sectional age-related associations between social interactions, activity patterns, and cognitive function in 25 group-living female vervets (a.k.a. African green monkeys, Chlorocebus sabaeus) aged 8-29 years. Time spent in affiliative behavior decreased with age, and time spent alone correspondingly increased. Furthermore, time spent grooming others decreased with age, but the amount of grooming received did not. The number of social partners to whom individuals directed grooming also decreased with age. Grooming patterns mirrored physical activity levels, which also decreased with age. The relationship between age and grooming time was mediated, in part, by cognitive performance. Specifically, executive function significantly mediated age's effect on time spent in grooming interactions. In contrast, we did not find evidence that physical performance mediated age-related variation in social participation. Taken together, our results suggest that aging female vervets were not socially excluded but decreasingly engaged in social behavior, and that cognitive deficits may underlie this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Negrey
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Brett M Frye
- Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, VA, USA
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark G Baxter
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA.
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Frye BM, Craft S, Latimer CS, Keene CD, Montine TJ, Register TC, Orr ME, Kavanagh K, Macauley SL, Shively CA. Aging-related Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology and functional decline in captive vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23260. [PMID: 33818801 PMCID: PMC8626867 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegeneration characteristic of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) begins in middle age, well before symptoms. Translational models to identify modifiable risk factors are needed to understand etiology and identify therapeutic targets. Here, we outline the evidence supporting the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) as a model of aging-related AD-like neuropathology and associated phenotypes including cognitive function, physical function, glucose handling, intestinal physiology, and CSF, blood, and neuroimaging biomarkers. This review provides the most comprehensive multisystem description of aging in vervets to date. This review synthesizes a large body of evidence that suggests that aging vervets exhibit a coordinated suite of traits consistent with early AD and provide a powerful, naturally occurring model for LOAD. Notably, relationships are identified between AD-like neuropathology and modifiable risk factors. Gaps in knowledge and key limitations are provided to shape future studies to illuminate mechanisms underlying divergent neurocognitive aging trajectories and to develop interventions that increase resilience to aging-associated chronic disease, particularly, LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Frye
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- J. Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Caitlin S. Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington-Seattle
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington-Seattle
| | | | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- J. Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
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Huber HF, Gerow KG, Li C, Nathanielsz PW. Walking speed declines with age in male and female baboons (Papio sp.): Confirmation of findings with sex as a biological variable. J Med Primatol 2021; 50:273-275. [PMID: 34378228 PMCID: PMC8567850 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We measured walking speed in baboons (67 female, 36 male; 5-22 years) to develop regression formulas to predict biological age. The final model strongly predicted age from just speed and sex. Walking speed is a valuable baboon aging biomarker. We present the first male speed data in a nonhuman primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary F Huber
- Texas Pregnancy & Life-course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth G Gerow
- Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy & Life-course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy & Life-course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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5
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Frye BM, Valure PM, Craft S, Baxter MG, Scott C, Wise-Walden S, Bissinger DW, Register HM, Copeland C, Jorgensen MJ, Justice JN, Kritchevsky SB, Register TC, Shively CA. Temporal emergence of age-associated changes in cognitive and physical function in vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). GeroScience 2021; 43:1303-1315. [PMID: 33611720 PMCID: PMC8190425 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual declines in gait speed and cognitive performance are associated with increased risk of developing dementia. Characterizing the patterns of such impairments therefore is paramount to distinguishing healthy from pathological aging. Nonhuman primates such as vervet/African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are important models of human neurocognitive aging, yet the trajectory of dual decline has not been characterized. We therefore (1) assessed whether cognitive and physical performance (i.e., gait speed) are lower in older aged animals; (2) explored the relationship between performance in a novel task of executive function (Wake Forest Maze Task-WFMT) and a well-established assessment of working memory (delayed response task-DR task); and (3) examined the association between baseline gait speed with executive function and working memory at 1-year follow-up. We found (1) physical and cognitive declines with age; (2) strong agreement between performance in the novel WFMT and DR task; and (3) that slow gait is associated with poor cognitive performance in both domains. Our results suggest that older aged vervets exhibit a coordinated suite of traits consistent with human aging and that slow gait may be a biomarker of cognitive decline. This integrative approach provides evidence that gait speed and cognitive function differ across the lifespan in female vervet monkeys, which advances them as a model that could be used to dissect relationships between trajectories of dual decline over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Frye
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Payton M Valure
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Mark G Baxter
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, IW, New York, USA
| | - Christie Scott
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Shanna Wise-Walden
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - David W Bissinger
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Hannah M Register
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Carson Copeland
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA.
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, USA.
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6
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Wu SH, Li X, Qin DD, Zhang LH, Cheng TL, Chen ZF, Nie BB, Ren XF, Wu J, Wang WC, Hu YZ, Gu YL, Lv LB, Yin Y, Hu XT, Qiu ZL. Induction of core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder by in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in the brain of adolescent rhesus monkeys. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:937-946. [PMID: 36654241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing is widely applied to mimic human disorders, whether acute manipulation of disease-causing genes in the brain leads to behavioral abnormalities in non-human primates remains to be determined. Here we induced genetic mutations in MECP2, a critical gene linked to Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in the hippocampus (DG and CA1-4) of adolescent rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in vivo via adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivered Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 with small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting MECP2. In comparison to monkeys injected with AAV-SaCas9 alone (n = 4), numerous autistic-like behavioral abnormalities were identified in the AAV-SaCas9-sgMECP2-injected monkeys (n = 7), including social interaction deficits, abnormal sleep patterns, insensitivity to aversive stimuli, abnormal hand motions, and defective social reward behaviors. Furthermore, some aspects of ASD and RTT, such as stereotypic behaviors, did not appear in the MECP2 gene-edited monkeys, suggesting that different brain areas likely contribute to distinct ASD symptoms. This study showed that acute manipulation of disease-causing genes via in vivo gene editing directly led to behavioral changes in adolescent primates, paving the way for the rapid generation of genetically engineered non-human primate models for neurobiological studies and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hao Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong-Dong Qin
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lin-Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Tian-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin-Bin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wen-Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ying-Zhou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yi-Lin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, China.
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China.
| | - Zi-Long Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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7
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Thompson ME, Machanda ZP, Fox SA, Sabbi KH, Otali E, Thompson González N, Muller MN, Wrangham RW. Evaluating the impact of physical frailty during ageing in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190607. [PMID: 32951544 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While declining physical performance is an expected consequence of ageing, human clinical research has placed increasing emphasis on physical frailty as a predictor of death and disability in the elderly. We examined non-invasive measures approximating frailty in a richly sampled longitudinal dataset on wild chimpanzees. Using urinary creatinine to assess lean body mass, we found moderate but significant declines in physical condition with age in both sexes. While older chimpanzees spent less of their day in the trees and feeding, they did not alter activity budgets with respect to travel or resting. There was little evidence that declining lean body mass had negative consequences independent of age. Old chimpanzees with poor lean body mass rested more often but did not otherwise differ in activity. Males, but not females, in poor condition were more likely to exhibit respiratory illness. Poor muscle mass was associated acutely with death in males, but it did not predict future mortality in either sex. While there may be some reasons to suspect biological differences in the susceptibility to frailty in chimpanzees versus humans, our data are consistent with recent reports from humans that lean, physically active individuals can successfully combat frailty. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 500 University Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, PO Box 409, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Zarin P Machanda
- Department of Anthropology, Tufts University, 302 Eaton Hall, 5 The Green, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Stephanie A Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 500 University Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kris H Sabbi
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 500 University Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Emily Otali
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, PO Box 409, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Nicole Thompson González
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 500 University Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Martin N Muller
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 500 University Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, PO Box 409, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Richard W Wrangham
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, PO Box 409, Fort Portal, Uganda.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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8
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Sayre MK, Pontzer H, Alexander GE, Wood BM, Pike IL, Mabulla AZP, Raichlen DA. Ageing and physical function in East African foragers and pastoralists. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190608. [PMID: 32951542 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lifespans are exceptionally long compared with those of other primates. A key element in exploring the evolution of human longevity is understanding how modern humans grow older. Our current understanding of common age-related changes in human health and function stems mostly from studies in industrialized societies, where older adulthood is often associated with an increased incidence of chronic diseases. However, individuals who engage in different lifestyles across industrialized and non-industrialized contexts may display variance in age-related changes in health and function. Here, we explore aspects of physical function in a non-industrialized context using three objective measures of physical function. We assessed physical activity levels, walking endurance and muscle strength in two East African populations: Hadza hunter-gatherers in Tanzania and Pokot pastoralists in Kenya. Both Hadza and Pokot participants displayed significant age-related differences in most, but not all, functional measures. Our results suggest that some age-related differences in physical function seen in industrialized contexts could be consistently experienced by most humans, while other age-related differences may vary across populations. Studies of ageing should expand to include a broad range of populations so we can create a more comprehensive understanding of how senescence varies across different lifestyle contexts. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 900079, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivy L Pike
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Audax Z P Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 900079, USA
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9
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A nonhuman primate model of early Alzheimer's disease pathologic change: Implications for disease pathogenesis. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 15:93-105. [PMID: 30467082 PMCID: PMC6383152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonhuman primates may serve as excellent models of sporadic age-associated brain β-amyloid deposition and Alzheimer's disease pathologic changes. We examined whether a vervet nonhuman primate model recapitulated pathologic, physiologic, and behavioral features of early Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Nine middle-aged (mean = 11.2 years) and nine aged (mean = 21.7 years) female vervet/African green monkeys underwent cerebrospinal fluid collection, gait speed measurement, and neuroimaging before neuropathologic assessment. RESULTS β-amyloid plaques were identified in all aged vervets and paired helical filament tau immunoreactivity was observed in all animals. Cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid42 and gait speed correlated negatively with age and plaque density. Greater plaque and paired helical filament tau burden predicted reduced volumes and CMRg in several brain regions. DISCUSSION We observed a coordinated set of relationships among neuropathologic, cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and behavioral modalities consistent with early Alzheimer's disease. Our results support future use of the vervet model to explore disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and novel therapeutic strategies.
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10
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Relationships of depressive behavior and sertraline treatment with walking speed and activity in older female nonhuman primates. GeroScience 2017; 39:585-600. [PMID: 29080976 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common mental health problem in aging persons and is a leading risk factor for physical disability, especially in women. Though antidepressant drugs such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are commonly prescribed, epidemiological evidence reveals mixed effects of long-term antidepressant use on physical function and activity, possibly depending on depressive status. The purpose of this preclinical trial was to determine the relationships of depressive behavior and the potential for an SSRI treatment to modulate walking speed and activity patterns in older adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). We evaluated the effects of depression and a commonly prescribed SSRI, sertraline HCl (20 mg/kg/day p.o.), on (a) walking speed, (b) accelerometry-derived activity (counts) and sedentariness (daytime 60-s sedentary epochs), and (c) observed locomotor and sedentary behaviors (% time) in adult female depressed and nondepressed monkeys (n = 42; 17.2 ± 1.8 years) during an 18 month pre-treatment phase and an 18 month treatment phase using a longitudinal, stratified placebo-control study design. Monkeys that were depressed prior to treatment (19/42) subsequently had slower walking speeds (F D [1, 38] = 4.14; p ≤ 0.05) and tended to be more sedentary during the daytime (F D [1, 38] = 3.63; p ≤ 0.06). Sertraline did not affect depressive behaviors, walking speed, accelerometry-derived physical activity or sedentariness, or time observed in total locomotor or sedentary behavior (all p > 0.10). This study provides the first experimental demonstration of relationships between nonhuman primate behavioral depression and walking speed, activity, and sedentariness and provides evidence for a lack of an effect of SSRI treatment on these phenotypes.
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Rhoads MK, Goleva SB, Beierwaltes WH, Osborn JL. Renal vascular and glomerular pathologies associated with spontaneous hypertension in the nonhuman primate Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R211-R218. [PMID: 28659284 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00026.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a complex, multifactorial disease affecting an estimated 78 million adults in the United States. Despite scientific gains, the etiology of human essential hypertension is unknown and current experimental models do not recapitulate all the behavioral and physiological characteristics of the pathology. Researchers should assess the translational capacity of these models and look to other animal models for the discovery of new therapies. Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus, the African Green Monkey (AGM), is a nonhuman primate that develops spontaneous hypertension and may provide a novel translational model for the study of hypertension and associated diseases. In a randomly selected group of 424 adult AGMs, 37% (157/424) exhibited systolic blood pressures (SBP) >140 mmHg (SBP: 172.0 ± 2.2 mmHg) and were characterized as hypertensive (HT). 44% (187/424) were characterized as normotensive with SBP <120 mmHg (NT, SBP: 99.6 ± 1.0 mmHg) and the remaining 18% (80/424) as borderline hypertensive (BHT, SBP: 130.6 ± 0.6 mmHg). When compared with NT animals, HT AGMs are older (8.7 ± 0.6 vs. 12.4 ± 0.7 yr, P < 0.05) with elevated heart rates (125.7 ± 2.0 vs. 137.7 ± 2.2 beats/min, P < 0.05). BHT animals had average heart rates of 138.2 ± 3.1 beats/min (P < 0.05 compared with NT) and were 11.00 ± 0.9 yr old. NT and HT animals had similar levels of angiotensinogen gene expression, plasma renin activity, and renal cortical renin content (P > 0.05). HT monkeys exhibit renal vascular remodeling (wall-to-lumen ratio NT 0.11 ± 0.01 vs. HT 0.15 ± 0.02, P < 0.05) and altered glomerular morphology (Bowman's capsular space: NT 30.9 ± 1.9% vs. HT 44.4 ± 3.1%, P < 0.05). The hypertensive AGM provides a large animal model that is highly similar to humans and should be studied to identify novel, more effective targets for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Rhoads
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - William H Beierwaltes
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Jeffrey L Osborn
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; .,Biomedical Science Research Group, Lexington, Kentucky
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Tyrrell DJ, Bharadwaj MS, Jorgensen MJ, Register TC, Molina AJA. Blood cell respirometry is associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle bioenergetics: Implications for a minimally invasive biomarker of mitochondrial health. Redox Biol 2016; 10:65-77. [PMID: 27693859 PMCID: PMC5045569 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood based bioenergetic profiling strategies are emerging as potential reporters of systemic mitochondrial function; however, the extent to which these measures reflect the bioenergetic capacity of other tissues is not known. The premise of this work is that highly metabolically active tissues, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, are susceptible to differences in systemic bioenergetic capacity. Therefore, we tested whether the respiratory capacity of blood cells, monocytes and platelets, are related to contemporaneous respirometric assessments of skeletal and cardiac muscle mitochondria. 18 female vervet/African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) of varying age and metabolic status were examined for this study. Monocyte and platelet maximal capacity correlated with maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity of permeabilized skeletal muscle (R=0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.97; R=0.51, 95%CI: 0.05-0.81; respectively), isolated skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR; R=0.70, 95%CI: 0.35-0.89; R=0.64, 95%CI: 0.23-0.98; respectively), and isolated cardiac muscle mitochondrial RCR (R=0.55, 95%CI: 0.22-0.86; R=0.58, 95%CI: 0.22-0.85; respectively). These results suggest that blood based bioenergetic profiling may be used to report on the bioenergetic capacity of muscle tissues. Blood cell respirometry represents an attractive alternative to tissue based assessments of mitochondrial function in human studies based on ease of access and the minimal participant burden required by these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tyrrell
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhou X. Matrix factorization reveals aging-specific co-expression gene modules in the fat and muscle tissues in nonhuman primates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34335. [PMID: 27703186 PMCID: PMC5050522 DOI: 10.1038/srep34335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of coherent transcriptional modules (subnetworks) in adipose and muscle tissues is important for revealing the related mechanisms and co-regulated pathways involved in the development of aging-related diseases. Here, we proposed a systematically computational approach, called ICEGM, to Identify the Co-Expression Gene Modules through a novel mathematical framework of Higher-Order Generalized Singular Value Decomposition (HO-GSVD). ICEGM was applied on the adipose, and heart and skeletal muscle tissues in old and young female African green vervet monkeys. The genes associated with the development of inflammation, cardiovascular and skeletal disorder diseases, and cancer were revealed by the ICEGM. Meanwhile, genes in the ICEGM modules were also enriched in the adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes, and immune cells. Comprehensive disease annotation and canonical pathway analysis indicated that immune cells, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle cells played a synergistic role in cardiac and physical functions in the aged monkeys by regulation of the biological processes associated with metabolism, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. In conclusion, the ICEGM provides an efficiently systematic framework for decoding the co-expression gene modules in multiple tissues. Analysis of genes in the ICEGM module yielded important insights on the cooperative role of multiple tissues in the development of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcui Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Osteoarthritic changes in vervet monkey knees correlate with meniscus degradation and increased matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine secretion. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1780-9. [PMID: 26033163 PMCID: PMC4642681 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscus injury increases osteoarthritis risk but its pathobiology in osteoarthritis is unclear. We hypothesized that older adult vervet monkeys would exhibit knee osteoarthritic changes and the degenerative menisci from these animals would secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. DESIGN In a cross sectional analysis of healthy young adult (9-12 years) and old (19-26 years) adult female vervet monkeys, knees were evaluated in vivo with computed tomography (CT) imaging, and joint tissues were morphologically graded at necropsy. Meniscus explants were subsequently cultured to evaluate meniscal MMP and cytokine secretion. RESULTS CT images revealed significant bony osteoarthritic changes in 80% of older monkeys which included increases in osteophyte number and meniscal calcification. Meniscus and cartilage degradation scores were greater in the older monkeys and were positively correlated (r > 0.7). Menisci from older animals exhibiting osteoarthritic changes secreted significantly more MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-8 than healthy menisci from younger monkeys. Older menisci without significant osteoarthritic changes secreted more IL-7 than healthy young menisci while older osteoarthritic menisci secreted more IL-7 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor than healthy older menisci. CONCLUSIONS Aged vervets develop naturally occurring knee osteoarthritis that includes involvement of the meniscus. Degenerative menisci secreted markedly increased amounts of matrix-degrading enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. These factors would be expected to act on the meniscus tissue and local joint tissues and may ultimately promote osteoarthritis development. These finding also suggest vervet monkeys are a useful animal model for studying the progression of osteoarthritis.
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Santago AC, Plate JF, Shively CA, Register TC, Smith TL, Saul KR. Age-related structural changes in upper extremity muscle tissue in a nonhuman primate model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2015; 24:1660-8. [PMID: 25963066 PMCID: PMC4575823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies of upper extremity aging in humans include logistical concerns that animal models can overcome. The vervet is a promising species with which to study aging-related processes. However, age-related changes in upper extremity muscle structure have not been quantified in this species. This study measured age-related changes to muscle structure, examined relationships between muscle structure and measures of physical performance, and evaluated the presence of rotator cuff tears. METHODS Muscle structure (volume, optimal fiber length, and physiologic cross-sectional area (PCSA)) of 10 upper extremity muscles was quantified from the right upper limb of 5 middle-aged and 6 older adult female vervets. RESULTS Total measured PCSA was smaller (P = .001) in the older adult vervets than in the middle-aged vervets. Muscle volume reduction predominate the age-related reductions in PCSA. Total measured PCSA was not correlated to any measures of physical performance. No rotator cuff tears were observed. Supraspinatus volume was relatively larger and deltoid volume relatively smaller in the vervet compared with a human. CONCLUSIONS The vervet is an appropriate translational model for age-related upper extremity muscle volume loss. Functional measures were not correlated to PCSA, suggesting the vervets may have enough strength for normal function despite loss of muscle tissue. Reduced relative demand on the supraspinatus may be responsible for the lack of naturally occurring rotator cuff tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Santago
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Johannes F Plate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Huber HF, Gerow KG, Nathanielsz PW. Walking speed as an aging biomarker in baboons (Papio hamadryas). J Med Primatol 2015; 44:373-80. [PMID: 26411922 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking speed is an important human aging biomarker. Baboons are valuable translational models for aging studies. Establishing whether walking speed is a good aging biomarker has value. We hypothesized there would be characteristic age-related decline in baboon walking speed. METHODS We studied 33 female baboons aged 5-21 years. Walking speed was calculated by the time to walk between landmarks separated by known distances. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between speed, age, and body weight. RESULTS Speed negatively associated with age, a relationship enhanced by increased weight (P < 0.0005). For 16-kg animals, speed declined approximately 0.6 cm/s yearly. For each additional kilogram of weight, speed declined an additional 0.3 cm/s yearly. CONCLUSIONS Baboon walking speed declines with age, an effect modulated by weight. Ease of measurement and strong age association make walking speed a valuable biomarker for aging research with this important experimental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary F Huber
- Department of Animal Sciences, Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Research Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Kenneth G Gerow
- Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Research Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Justice JN, Cesari M, Seals DR, Shively CA, Carter CS. Comparative Approaches to Understanding the Relation Between Aging and Physical Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1243-53. [PMID: 25910845 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite dedicated efforts to identify interventions to delay aging, most promising interventions yielding dramatic life-span extension in animal models of aging are often ineffective when translated to clinical trials. This may be due to differences in primary outcomes between species and difficulties in determining the optimal clinical trial paradigms for translation. Measures of physical function, including brief standardized testing batteries, are currently being proposed as biomarkers of aging in humans, are predictive of adverse health events, disability, and mortality, and are commonly used as functional outcomes for clinical trials. Motor outcomes are now being incorporated into preclinical testing, a positive step toward enhancing our ability to translate aging interventions to clinical trials. To further these efforts, we begin a discussion of physical function and disability assessment across species, with special emphasis on mice, rats, monkeys, and man. By understanding how physical function is assessed in humans, we can tailor measurements in animals to better model those outcomes to establish effective, standardized translational functional assessments with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Justice
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder.
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. INSERM UMR1207, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Carol A Shively
- Departments of Pathology Section on Comparative Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Age-related impairment of quality of joint motion in vibroarthrographic signal analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:591707. [PMID: 25802856 PMCID: PMC4352744 DOI: 10.1155/2015/591707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with degenerative changes in articular surfaces leading to quantitative and qualitative impairment of joint motion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate an age-related quality of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) motion in the vibroarthrographic (VAG) signal analysis. Two hundred and twenty individuals were enrolled in this study and divided into five groups according to age. The VAG signals were collected during flexion/extension knee motion using an acceleration sensor and described using four parameters (VMS, P1, P2, and H). We observed that values of parameters VMS, P1, and P2 increase in accordance with the age, but H level decreases. The most significant differences were achieved between the youngest and the oldest participants' groups. Moreover, we show that parameters VMS, P1, and P2 positively correlate with age, contrary to negatively associated H parameter. Our results suggest that the impairment of joint motion is a result of age-related osteoarticular degenerative changes.
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High KP. Infrastructure and resources for an aging population: embracing complexity in translational research. Transl Res 2014; 163:446-55. [PMID: 24095640 PMCID: PMC3975733 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The population of the United States and most industrialized nations is undergoing rapid expansion of persons aged 65 years and older. This group experiences more illness, disability, and dependency than young adults and consumes the majority of heath care resources. This demographic change presents a number of challenges to current research infrastructure aimed at translating discoveries to improved human health. Key issues include the need to expand the workforce trained in aging research, development of specific resources and harmonization of measures and outcomes, and a culture change within the scientific community. In particular, complexity must be represented within research design and embraced as an important aspect of review panel critiques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P High
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
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20
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Plate JF, Bates CM, Mannava S, Smith TL, Jorgensen MJ, Register TC, Stehle JR, High KP, Shively CA, Kaplan JR, Saul KR, Tuohy CJ. Age-related degenerative functional, radiographic, and histological changes of the shoulder in nonhuman primates. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22:1019-29. [PMID: 23352182 PMCID: PMC3679299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, and may represent a previously underutilized model for shoulder research. This study sought to identify naturally occurring bony and muscular degeneration in the shoulder of nonhuman primates and to assess relationships between structural and functional aspects of the shoulder and measures of physical function of the animals. We hypothesized that age-related degenerative changes in the shoulders of nonhuman primates would resemble those observed in aging humans. METHODS Middle-aged (n = 5; ages 9.4-11.8 years) and elderly (n = 6; ages 19.8-26.4 years) female vervet monkeys were studied for changes in mobility and shoulder function, and radiographic and histologic signs of age-related degeneration. RESULTS Four out of 6 (4/6) elderly animals had degenerative changes of the glenoid compared to 0/5 of the middle-aged animals (P = .005). Elderly animals had glenoid retroversion, decreased joint space, walked slower, and spent less time climbing and hanging than middle-aged vervets (P < .05). Physical mobility and shoulder function correlated with glenoid version angle (P < .05). Supraspinatus muscles of elderly animals were less dense (P = .001), had decreased fiber cross-sectional area (P < .001), but similar amounts of nuclear material (P = .085). Degenerative rotator cuff tears were not observed in any of the eleven animals. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The vervet monkey naturally undergoes age-related functional, radiographic and histological changes of the shoulder, and may qualify as an animal model for selected translational research of shoulder osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Plate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,The Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sandeep Mannava
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,The Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J. Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John R. Stehle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kevin P. High
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jay R. Kaplan
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine R. Saul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J. Tuohy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Sun Y, Yolitz J, Wang C, Spangler E, Zhan M, Zou S. Aging studies in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1048:77-93. [PMID: 23929099 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-556-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila is a genetically tractable system ideal for investigating the mechanisms of aging and developing interventions for promoting healthy aging. Here we describe methods commonly used in Drosophila aging research. These include basic approaches for preparation of diets and measurements of lifespan, food intake, and reproductive output. We also describe some commonly used assays to measure changes in physiological and behavioral functions of Drosophila in aging, such as stress resistance and locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Sun
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Choi SJ, Shively CA, Register TC, Feng X, Stehle J, High K, Ip E, Kritchevsky SB, Nicklas B, Delbono O. Force-generation capacity of single vastus lateralis muscle fibers and physical function decline with age in African green vervet monkeys. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:258-67. [PMID: 22923428 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the contractile properties of human myofibrils reported increase, decrease, or no change with aging, perhaps due to the differences in physical activity, diet, and other factors. This study examined physical performance and contractile characteristics of myofibrils of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle in young adult and old African green vervet monkeys. Animals were offered the same diet and lived in the same enclosures during development, so we were able to examine skeletal muscle function in vivo and in vitro with fewer potential confounding factors than are typical in human research studies. Fiber atrophy alone did not account for the age-related differences in specific force and maximal power output. Regression modeling used to identify factors contributing to lower fiber force revealed that age is the strongest predictor. Our results support a detrimental effect of aging on the intrinsic force and power generation of myofilament lattice and physical performance in vervet monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Feng X, Zhang T, Xu Z, Choi SJ, Qian J, Furdui CM, Register TC, Delbono O. Myosin heavy chain isoform expression in the Vastus Lateralis muscle of aging African green vervet monkeys. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:601-7. [PMID: 22617406 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP) represent an emerging animal model for the study of physical function, and provide opportunities for exploration of relationships of muscle biomolecular changes with age. One such primate model, the African green vervet monkey, has been used extensively in biomedical research but little is known regarding skeletal muscle composition, expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, and changes with age. In the present study we examined the effects of age on vastus lateralis (VL) muscle fiber-type composition, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and MHC isoforms expressed in 4 young and 4 older adult vervet monkeys. Proteomics analysis, using a human and nonhuman primate protein database, showed five MHC isoforms (I, IIA, IIX, IIB, and IIB') expressed in female vervet VL muscle, which matched the human MHC isoforms. Fast type II fibers predominated and no pure type IIB or IIB' containing fibers were detected. Hybrid fibers containing IIB/IIB' MHC decreased in the old vervets. The CSA of both type I and type II fibers was significantly smaller in older vervet while type IIA fibers showed the most severity of atrophy. The decrease of fast MHC and atrophy of muscle fiber with aging recapitulate observations in human VL muscle. These findings, along with its homology of MHC between the vervet and human suggested that the vervet monkey may be a suitable preclinical model for understanding the cellular and molecular basis of sarcopenia and for developing new interventions to ameliorate the impact of disorders that affect skeletal muscle structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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