1
|
Wu A, Pu Y, Zhao Y, Luo X, Fang L, Zhang B. Rasch analysis of the pre-sleep arousal scale in patients with acute insomnia disorder. Sleep Med 2024; 119:329-334. [PMID: 38749257 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperarousal plays an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of insomnia, highlighting the need for a tool that measure the hyperarousal state during the early course of insomnia. Pre-sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) is a self-report questionnaire to evaluate subjective pre-sleep arousal of insomnia. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the PSAS among patients with acute insomnia disorder (AID) using Rasch analysis. METHODS Totally 170 patients with AID from 31 public hospitals in China were recruited and completed the test. The psychometric properties of the PSAS were tested using Rasch analysis by Winsteps v5.4.1.0, including unidimensionality, local item independence, item fit, category diagnostics, reliability, item-person maps and differential item functioning (DIF) by age and gender. RESULTS According to Rasch analysis, somatic and cognitive subscales were unidimensional and basically demonstrated good item-fit statistics. 4-point Likert scale may be more appropriate for PSAS. All items have a good reliability and separation. No gender and age bias were detected for the scale. However, the person arousal level is not well matched to item difficulty. CONCLUSION The present study further reveals appropriate psychometric properties of the PSAS in patients with AID and provides suggestions for refinements and supplements to the PSAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aike Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Pu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leqin Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen CY, Lee KY, Fung XCC, Chen JK, Lai YC, Potenza MN, Chang KC, Fang CY, Pakpour AH, Lin CY. Problematic Use of Internet Associates with Poor Quality of Life via Psychological Distress in Invididuals with ADHD. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:443-455. [PMID: 38352630 PMCID: PMC10863463 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s449369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic use of internet (PUI) may have negative impacts on psychological distress and quality of life (QoL). This situation might be more profound in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due to poorer behavioral control and regulatory capacity. However, there is little evidence regarding mediated effects in the associations between PUI, psychological distress, and QoL in people with ADHD. Aims To investigate mediating effects of psychological distress in the associations of problematic smartphone use (PSPU), problematic use of social media (PUSM), and problematic gaming (PG) with QoL in individuals with ADHD. Methods and Procedures PUI behaviors of participants with ADHD (n = 99) were assessed using the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale and QoL using the Kid-KINDL. Outcomes and Results Psychological distress mediated the associations between PUI and different domains of QoL, except for self-esteem QoL. There were also positively direct effects between PG and physical QoL, PUSM and friends' QoL, and PSPU and physical QoL. Conclusions and Implications PUI may associate with poor QoL in people with ADHD via psychological distress. Programs on reducing PUI for people with ADHD are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- New Taipei City Tucheng Hospital (Chang Gung Medical Foundation), Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xavier C C Fung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Chen Lai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 621, Taiwan
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kun-Chia Chang
- Department of General Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yin Fang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 621, Taiwan
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang CW, Chen JS, Huang SW, Potenza MN, Su JA, Chang KC, Pakpour AH, Lin CY. Problematic smartphone use and two types of problematic use of the internet and self-stigma among people with substance use disorders. Addict Behav 2023; 147:107807. [PMID: 37542974 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Guided by the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model and a self-stigma framework, this study aimed to investigate relationships between cognitive and affective self-stigma and behavioral self-stigma, problematic use of internet (PUI), and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among people with substance use disorders (SUDs). It also examined mediating roles for affective self-stigma in the relationships between cognitive self-stigma and behavioral self-stigma/PUI/PSU. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 530 participants diagnosed with SUDs in Taiwan were recruited from a psychiatric center in Taiwan. Mediation models were investigated using the Hayes' Process Macro Model 4. RESULTS Mediation analyses indicated that cognitive self-stigma was directly associated with behavioral self-stigma (p < 0.001), but not with either types of PUI or PSU (p-values ranging from 0.41 to 0.76). Affective self-stigma was directly related to behavioral self-stigma (p < 0.001), two types of PUI, and PSU (β = 0.24-0.30; all p < 0.001); cognitive self-stigma was indirectly associated with behavioral self-stigma (β = 0.53; 95 % bootstrapping CI = 0.46, 0.60), two types of PUI, and PSU (β = 0.20-0.25; 95 % bootstrapping CI = 0.08-0.14, 0.31-0.37) via a mediating effect of affective self-stigma. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Findings support the I-PACE model in a self-stigma context. The findings also suggest that addressing affective self-stigma may help prevent or reduce behavioral self-stigma, PUI, and PSU among people with SUDs. Longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate over time relationships between self-stigma and PUI/PSU in people with SUDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Social Work, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, He-Ping East Rd., Daan Dist., Taipei 106209 Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd., Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 726, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St., New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, 100 Great Meadow Rd., Suite 704, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 350 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, 200 South Frontage Rd., SHM C-303, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Jian-An Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Chia Chang
- Department of General Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 539, Yuzhong Rd., Rende Dist., Tainan 717204, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1., University Rd., East Dist., Tainan 701401, Taiwan.
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden.
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1., University Rd., East Dist., Tainan 701401, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1., University Rd., East Dist., Tainan 701401, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1., University Rd., East Dist., Tainan 701401, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1., University Rd., East Dist., Tainan 701401, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu C. The unique role of smartphone addiction and related factors among university students: a model based on cross-sectional and cross-lagged network analyses. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:883. [PMID: 38012645 PMCID: PMC10683260 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction is a global problem affecting university students. Previous studies have explored smartphone addiction and related factors using latent variables. In contrast, this study examines the role of smartphone addiction and related factors among university students using a cross-sectional and cross-lagged panel network analysis model at the level of manifest variables. A questionnaire method was used to investigate smartphone addiction and related factors twice with nearly six-month intervals among 1564 first-year university students (M = 19.14, SD = 0.66). The study found that procrastination behavior, academic burnout, self-control, fear of missing out, social anxiety, and self-esteem directly influenced smartphone addiction. Additionally, smartphone addiction predicted the level of self-control, academic burnout, social anxiety, and perceived social support among university students. Self-control exhibited the strongest predictive relationship with smartphone addiction. Overall, self-control, self-esteem, perceived social support, and academic burnout were identified as key factors influencing smartphone addiction among university students. Developing prevention and intervention programs that target these core influencing factors would be more cost-effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunjia Liu
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng P, Chen Z, Ren S, Liu Y, He R, Liang Y, Tan Y, Tang J, Chen X, Liao Y. Determination of the cutoff point for Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale for adolescents: a latent profile analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:675. [PMID: 37716941 PMCID: PMC10504767 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) is a validated 6-item measurement tool for assessing problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, the absence of established cutoff points for SABAS hinders its utilities. This study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff point for SABAS through latent profile analysis (LPA) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses among 63, 205. Chinese adolescents. Additionally, the study explored whether PSU screening with SABAS could effectively capture problematic social media use (PSMU) and internet gaming disorder (IGD). METHOD We recruited 63,205. adolescents using cluster sampling. Validated questionnaires were used to assess PSMU, IGD, and mental health (depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, well-being, resilience, and externalizing and internalizing problems). RESULTS LPA identified a 3-class model for PSU, including low-risk users (38.6%, n = 24,388.), middle-risk users (42.5%, n = 26,885.), and high-risk users (18.9%, n = 11,932.). High-risk users were regarded as "PSU cases" in ROC analysis, which demonstrated an optimal cut-off point of 23 (sensitivity: 98.1%, specificity: 96.8%). According to the cutoff point, 21.1% (n = 13,317.) were identified as PSU. PSU adolescents displayed higher PSMU, IGD, and worse mental health. PSU screening effectively captured IGD (sensitivity: 86.8%, specificity: 84.5%) and PSMU (sensitivity: 84.5%, specificity: 80.2%). CONCLUSION A potential ideal threshold for utilizing SABAS to identify PSU could be 23 (out of 36). Employing SABAS as a screening tool for PSU holds the potential to reliably pinpoint both IGD and PSMU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Silan Ren
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruini He
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yudiao Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Youguo Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vujić A, Volarov M, Latas M, Griffiths MD, Szabo A. Psychometric Properties of the Serbian Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and Validation of the English Version Among Non-native English Speakers. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Serbian Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and the original English version of the same scale administered to a Serbian-speaking sample. In Study 1, 599 participants completed Serbian SABAS, with 189 having both test and retest data. Results suggested good internal consistency (α = .81) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .795, p < .001, 95% CI [.731, .844], rtest-retest = .803) of the scale. Convergent validity of the SABAS was evaluated through correlations with the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV), as well as with anxiety, depression, worry, duration, and purpose of smartphone use. Divergent validity of the SABAS was evaluated through comparing the correlations with entertainment and productive smartphone use. The modified CFA model showed an acceptable fit (χ2(8) = 25.53, p = .001, CFI = .961, TLI = .926, RMSEA = .096, SRMR = .042), confirming the unidimensionality of the SABAS. In the second study, the English SABAS, completed by 335 non-native speakers from Serbia, also showed a good fit of the single-factor model (χ2(9) = 12.56, p = .184, CFI = .990, TLI = .984, RMSEA = .036, SRMR = 0.026), and good psychometric features. Based on the study’s findings, the Serbian version of SABAS is a reliable and valid measure for screening the risk of smartphone addiction. Moreover, the English version can be used among non-native Serbian English speakers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao CH, Dang CY, Zheng X, Chen WG, Chen IH, Gamble JH. The Psychometric Properties of the DASS-21 and Its Association with Problematic Internet Use among Chinese College Freshmen. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:700. [PMID: 36900705 PMCID: PMC10000485 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During transitional periods, college freshmen may experience mental health issues. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21-item version (DASS-21) is commonly used for mental health assessment in China. However, evidence is lacking regarding its applicability with freshmen as a demographic. Debates also exist regarding its factor structure. This study aimed to evaluate the DASS-21's psychometric properties with Chinese college freshmen and investigate its association with three kinds of problematic Internet use. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit two samples of freshmen-one of 364 (female 248; mean age 18.17 years) and the other of 956 (female 499; mean age 18.38 years) participants. McDonald's ω and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to evaluate both the scale's internal reliability and construct validity. The results indicated acceptable reliability, with a one-factor structure inferior to a three-factor structure in terms of model fit. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that problematic Internet use was significantly and positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among Chinese college freshmen. Based on the prerequisite of measurement equivalence across two samples, the study also found that freshmen's problematic Internet use and psychological distress were likely to be affected by the strict measures put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hong Cao
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Chang-Yan Dang
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- Mental-Health Education Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wang-Guang Chen
- School of Administration, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jeffrey H. Gamble
- Department of English, National Changhua University, Changhua 50007, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marconi PL, Scognamiglio R, Marchiori E, Angeloni D, Mascia ML, Penna MP. Impact of Coding Educational Programs (CEP) on Digital Media Problematic Use (DMPU) and on Its Relationship with Psychological Dependence and Emotional Dysregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2983. [PMID: 36833677 PMCID: PMC9957488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the positive effects linked to the introduction of digital technologies into our lives, particular dysfunctional behaviors in the use of digital tools have appeared, through which the expression of conditions such as addiction, difficulties in affective and behavioral self-regulation and mental health problems have been channeled. The present study aims to investigate, in a sample of young students aged m = 12.91 (ds = 0.56) years, whether Coding Educational Programs (CEP), deployed to 44.9% of the sample, is effective in psychological dependence, emotional self-regulation and Digital Media Problematic Use (DMPU), as self-assessed through questionnaires (DERS, DSRS, IAT, MPIQ and MPPUS). CEP had no effect on emotional dysregulation or on DMPU. They were effective in the time management of mobile phone use, with students rescheduling from daytime use on working days to daytime use on the weekend. Moreover, people who attended CEP more frequently used smartphones for orienting themselves and for obtaining information. In conclusion, CEP are effective in achieving a more functional and important use of smartphones and better time management. It is possible that CEP effect on metacognition could reduce DMPU if alternative ways to regulate emotions are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Lidia Mascia
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Pietronilla Penna
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bouazza S, Abbouyi S, El Kinany S, El Rhazi K, Zarrouq B. Association between Problematic Use of Smartphones and Mental Health in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2891. [PMID: 36833586 PMCID: PMC9956271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones have become essential components of daily life, and research into the harmful effects of problematic smartphone use (PSU) on mental health is expanding in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This issue has yet to be synthesized and critically evaluated. To find quantitative observational studies on the relationship between PSU and mental health in the MENA region, we developed a search equation and adapted it for four databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed during the selection process. This review included 32 cross-sectional studies and one cohort study. The available language was English. All identified studies published until 8 October 2021, were considered. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The studies enrolled 21,487 people and had low-to-moderate methodological quality. The prevalence of PSU ranged from 4.3 to 97.8 percent. The time factor, type of application used on the smartphone, and sociodemographic characteristics were the determinants of PSU. Depression, anxiety, and stress were strongly correlated with PSU. Epidemiological longitudinal studies that respect the quality of evidence are needed in all MENA countries to better plan and implement preventive measures against PSU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bouazza
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco
| | - Samira Abbouyi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco
| | - Soukaina El Kinany
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco
| | - Btissame Zarrouq
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teachers Training College (Ecole Normale Superieure), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30030, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee KY, Chen CY, Chen JK, Liu CC, Chang KC, Fung XCC, Chen JS, Kao YC, Potenza MN, Pakpour AH, Lin CY. Exploring mediational roles for self-stigma in associations between types of problematic use of internet and psychological distress in youth with ADHD. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 133:104410. [PMID: 36603311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have linked the problematic use of the Internet (PUI) to psychological distress. Youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are considered a particular disadvantaged population with a high risk of developing PUI, psychological distress, and self-stigma. Nonetheless, the interrelationships of PUI, self-stigma, and psychological distress in adolescents with ADHD are not well understood. AIMS This study investigated whether self-stigma mediates relationships between different forms of PUI, such as problematic gaming (PG), problematic social media use (PSMU), problematic smartphone use (PSPU), and psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), in children with ADHD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We recruited 100 youth with ADHD (mean age=10.80 [SD=3.07] years; 84 boys) from psychiatric outpatient clinics in Taiwan. All participants were assessed for PUI (via Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form for PG, Bergan Social Medica Addiction Scale for PSMU, and Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale for PSPU), self-stigma (via Self-Stigma Short-Scale), and psychological distress (via Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The results of path and bootstrapping analyses indicated that self-stigma mediated the associations between PSMU and PSPU, but not PG, and depression, anxiety, and stress. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study expands the extant literature by revealing that self-stigma mediates the association between specific forms of PUI and psychological distress in adolescents with ADHD. Interventions aimed at reducing self-stigma and PUI, particularly PSMU and PSPU, may help decrease psychological distress among adolescents with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; New Taipei City Tucheng Hospital (Chang Gung Medical Foundation), Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chih-Ching Liu
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chia Chang
- Department of General Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xavier C C Fung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Kao
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang PC, Chen JS, Potenza MN, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH, Chen JK, Lin YC, Hung CH, O'Brien KS, Lin CY. Temporal associations between physical activity and three types of problematic use of the internet: A six-month longitudinal study. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:1055-1067. [PMID: 36427199 PMCID: PMC9881666 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet use has become an important part of daily living. However, for a minority it may become problematic. Moreover, problematic use of the Internet/smartphone (PUIS) has been associated with low physical activity. The present study investigated the temporal associations between three types of PUIS (i.e., problematic smartphone use [PSPU], problematic social media use [PSMU] and problematic gaming [PG]) and physical activity among Taiwanese university students. Methods A six-month longitudinal survey study comprising three time points for assessments was conducted. From the original 974 participants, a total of 452 completed all three waves of an online survey comprising the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) assessing physical activity level, Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) assessing PSPU, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) assessing PSMU, and Internet Gaming Disorder Short Form (IGDS9-SF) assessing PG. Results The linear mixed effects model found positive temporal associations of PSMU and PG with physical activity level (PSMU: B = 85.88, SE = 26.24; P = 0.001; PG: B = 36.81, SE = 15.17; P = 0.02). PSPU was not associated with physical activity level (B = 40.54, SE = 22.99; P = 0.08). Additionally, the prevalence rates were 44.4% for at-risk/PSPU, 24.6% for at-risk/PSMU, and 12.3% for at-risk/PG. Discussion and Conclusions PSMU and PG unexpectedly demonstrated correlations with higher physical activity level. The nature of these relationships warrants additional investigation into the underlying mechanisms in order to promote healthy lifestyles among university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kerry S. O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evaluation of the English Version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) among an Adolescent Sample. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of smartphones among adolescents has highlighted the need to distinguish between problematic and non-problematic smartphone use. To date, there are a lack of short, easy-to-use, and valid psychometric tools to assess smartphone addiction. The primary aim of the present study was to conduct the first psychometric assessment and evaluation of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) among English-speaking adolescents. Participants were 1175 students recruited from across four different high schools in New Zealand, of which 1031 completed all questions and were used in the final analyses. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain reliability and validity. The SABAS had high internal consistency. Consistent with earlier validation studies, the SABAS displayed weak-moderate, positive relationships with symptoms of depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), and sleep quality. Overall, the SABAS is a sound, unidimensional scale with robust psychometric properties and is a short and easy-to-use measure that can be used confidently among English-speaking adolescents.
Collapse
|
13
|
Smartphone Usage before and during COVID-19: A Comparative Study Based on Objective Recording of Usage Data. INFORMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/informatics9040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies that claimed changes in smartphone usage during COVID-19 were based on self-reported usage data, e.g., that collected through a questionnaire. These studies were also limited to reporting the overall smartphone usage, with no detailed investigation of distinct types of apps. The current study investigated smartphone usage before and during COVID-19. Our study used a dataset from a smartphone app that objectively logged users’ activities, including apps accessed and each app session start and end time. These were collected during two periods: pre-COVID-19 (161 individuals with 77 females) and during COVID-19 (251 individuals with 159 females). We report on the top 15 apps used in both periods. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for the inferential analysis. The results revealed that the time spent on smartphones has increased since COVID-19. During both periods, emerging adults were found to spend more time on smartphones compared to adults. The time spent on social media apps has also increased since COVID-19. Females were found to spend more time on social media than males. Females were also found to be more likely to launch social media apps than males. There has also been an increase in the number of people who use gaming apps since the pandemic. The use of objectively collected data is a methodological strength of our study. Additionally, we draw parallels with the usage of smartphones in contexts similar to the COVID-19 period, especially concerning the limitations on social gatherings, including working from home for extended periods. Our dataset is made available to other researchers for benchmarking and future comparisons.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen IH, Chang KC, Chang CW, Huang SW, Potenza MN, Pakpour AH, Lin CY. Temporal associations between problematic use of the internet and self-stigma among people with substance use disorders: A cross-lagged model across one year. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:339-348. [PMID: 36323137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Self-stigma is a common experience for people with substance use disorders (SUDs). Understanding factors associated with self-stigma may aid in intervention development. This study investigated the reciprocal relationship between three types of problematic use of the internet [PUI; i.e. problematic use of social media (PUSM), problematic smartphone use (PSPU), and problematic gaming (PG)] and self-stigma among people with SUDs. This longitudinal study involved five waves of a survey given to individuals with SUDs in Taiwan. A total of 319 participants (85% male), with a mean age of 42.2 years (SD = 8.9), were recruited. The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form, and Self-Stigma Scale-Short Form were used. No significant associations between PUI and self-stigma were found in early waves (i.e., Waves 1 and 2). The earliest significant finding was identified between Wave 2 PSPU (smartphone) and Wave 3 self-stigma. Additionally, Wave 3 PSPU (smartphone) and PG (gaming) were associated with Wave 4 self-stigma, and Wave 4 PSPU (smartphone), PG (gaming), and PUSM (social media) were associated with Wave 5 self-stigma. Therefore, all three types of PUI (internet) may elevate self-stigma at different time points for individuals with SUDs. However, the reciprocal effects between self-stigma and PUI (internet) only occurred in PUSM (social media) at a later stage (i.e., from Wave 4 to Wave 5). In conclusion, people with SUDs who have PUI (internet) are at increased likelihood of developing more self-stigma, which may then increase subsequent PUSM (social media), forming a vicious cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong, China.
| | - Kun-Chia Chang
- Department of General Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nan Hua University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Social Work, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saffari M, Chen HP, Chang CW, Fan CW, Huang SW, Chen JS, Chang KC, Lin CY. Effects of sleep quality on the association between problematic internet use and quality of life in people with substance use disorder. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e155. [PMID: 35946067 PMCID: PMC9380240 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic internet use, especially in people with substance use disorder, may negatively affect their quality of life (QoL). However, it is unclear whether sleep quality is a key mediator in the association between problematic internet use and QoL among people with substance use disorder. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic internet use and QoL and how sleep quality may mediate the association between these two variables. METHOD Overall, 319 people (85% male) with substance use disorder (mean age 42.2 years, s.d. 8.9) participated in a cross-sectional study in Taiwan. The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergan Social Media Addiction Scale, Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Brief Version were used. RESULTS The prevalence of sleep problems was 56%. There were significant and direct associations between sleep quality and two types of problematic internet use, and between sleep quality and different dimensions of QoL. All types of problematic internet use were significantly and negatively correlated with QoL. Mediated effects of sleep quality in relationships between the different types of problematic internet use and all dimensions of QoL were significant, except for problematic use of social media. CONCLUSIONS Different types of problematic internet use in people with substance use disorder may be directly associated with reduced QoL. Sleep quality as a significant mediator in this association may be an underlying mechanism to explain pathways between problematic internet use and QoL in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and Health Education Department, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Social Work, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, AdventHealth University, Florida, USA
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chia Chang
- Department of General Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan; and Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nan Hua University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; and Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Internet-Related Instruments (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, and Nomophobia Questionnaire) and Their Associations with Distress among Malaysian University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081448. [PMID: 36011105 PMCID: PMC9408412 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of four instruments related to internet use, namely the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), (nine-item) Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMPQ) as well as their associations with psychological distress among Malaysian university students. A total of 380 Malaysian university students (71.6% females, mean age 24.0 years) were recruited through convenience sampling and completed an online survey including questions concerning socio-demographic background, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, internet gaming disorder, and nomophobia. Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis were applied to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instruments and Cronbach’s alpha value and McDonald’s omega value were used to confirm the internal consistency reliability of the instruments. The unidimensional structure was confirmed for the BSMAS, SABAS, and IGDS9-SF while the four-factor structure was confirmed for NMPQ. All instruments showed good internal consistency reliability. Promising validity and reliability were confirmed for BSMAS, SABAS, IGDS9-SF, and NMPQ. Therefore, they are useful to assess different types of problematic internet use among university students in Malaysia. Furthermore, a significant association was observed between internet use and psychological distress. The present study is the first to investigate the validity and reliability of BSMAS, SABAS, IGDS9-SF, and NMPQ among Malaysian university students using rigorous psychometric testing methods (i.e., Rasch analysis).
Collapse
|
17
|
Nurmala I, Nadhiroh SR, Pramukti I, Tyas LW, Zari AP, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Reliability and validity study of the Indonesian Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) among college students. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10403. [PMID: 36090230 PMCID: PMC9449775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Smartphone addiction, smartphone dependence, and compulsive smartphone use all describe similar phenomena that can cause problems in everyday daily life in many countries worldwide. Most scholars agree that it is the applications on smartphones that individuals have problems with rather than the smartphone itself. For this reason, smartphone application-based addiction is an issue of concern and one instrument has been specifically developed to assess this risk, namely, the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS). Although the SABAS has been translated into a number of languages, it has not been translated or validated into Indonesian. Methods The SABAS was translated into Bahasa Indonesian utilizing a cross-cultural method to ensure its linguistic validity. The linguistic validity of the Indonesian SABAS was ensured using international standard translation guidelines. Moreover, reliability and validity testing of the translated Indonesian SABAS were carried out using Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and correlations with psychometric scales assessing psychological distress and nomophobia. Results Using a sample of 458 participants (mean age = 22.46 years), reliability tests showed that the Indonesian SABAS was acceptable (Cronbach α = 0.74; McDonald’s ω = 0.79). Construct validity of the Indonesian SABAS was supported by satisfactory CFA fit indices; concurrent validity supported by good correlations with psychological distress (r = 0.50) and nomophobia (r = 0.61). Conclusions The Indonesian version of SABAS is valid and reliable to be used for assessing the risk of smartphone application-based addiction in college students.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li L, Niu Z, Griffiths MD, Mei S. The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Psychometric Properties, Invariance, Network Perspective, and Latent Profile Analysis Among a Sample of Chinese University Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
19
|
Chen CY, Chen IH, Hou WL, Potenza MN, O'Brien KS, Lin CY, Latner JD. The Relationship Between Children's Problematic Internet-related Behaviors and Psychological Distress During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. J Addict Med 2022; 16:e73-e80. [PMID: 33770003 PMCID: PMC8919938 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated negative effects on psychological well-being worldwide, including in schoolchildren. Government requirements to stay at home and avoid social and school settings may impact psychological well-being by modifying various behaviors such as problematic phone and Internet use, yet there is a paucity of research on this issue. This study examined whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have impacted problematic smartphone use (PSU), problematic gaming (PG), and psychological distress, specifically the pattern of relationships between PSU, PG, and psychological distress in schoolchildren. METHODS Longitudinal data on psychological distress, PSU, and PG were collected from 575 children in primary schools in 3 waves: Waves 1 and 2 were conducted before the COVID-19 outbreak and Wave 3 during the outbreak. Cross-lagged panel models were used to examine relationships between factors across the 3 waves. RESULTS Cross-lagged models found that higher levels of PSU were not significantly related prospectively to greater psychological distress before the COVID-19 outbreak, but this prospective relationship became significant during the COVID-19 outbreak. Whereas PG was associated prospectively with psychological distress before the COVID-19 outbreak (ie, between Waves 1 and 2), this association became nonsignificant during the COVID-19 lockdown (ie, between Waves 2 and 3). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 outbreak has seemed to change prospective relationships between PSU and psychological distress and PG and psychological distress in schoolchildren. Future research should examine whether restrictions on or information provided to schoolchildren may exacerbate PSUs effects on psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (C-YC, C-YL), School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-YC), College of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Zhangzhou, China; Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Zhangzhou, China (I-HC), College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W-LH), Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W-LH), Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT (MNP), Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT (MNP), Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT (MNP), School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (KSO), Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C-YL), Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C-YL), Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C-YL), Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii (JDL)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP). Heliyon 2022; 8:e08868. [PMID: 35169645 PMCID: PMC8829575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to validate the Persian version of Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP), an instrument developed to capture burnout for health professionals. The specific aims were to psychometrically assess the Persian MBI-HSS-MP in relation to its structure, test-retest reliability, and item properties. Methods The study setting was all eight hospitals in Qazvin province, Iran (study period from 10 September to 16 November 2020). Health professionals of physicians (n = 106) and nurses (n = 200) participated in the study. The psychometric properties of the 22-item MBI-HSS-MP was then examined for its factor structure via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch models, test-retest reliability, item fit, and differential item functioning (DIF). Results The MBI-HSS-MP was verified as having a three-factor structure and each item was embedded well in its belonging construct (comparative fit index = 0.941, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.929 derived from CFA results; infit and outfit MnSq = 0.71 to 1.38 derived from Rasch models). Test-retest reliability of each MBI-HSS-MP item was satisfactory and no substantial DIF items were displayed across gender or across health professionals. Conclusion The MBI-HSS-MP has good psychometric properties to assess burnout accurately among healthcare professionals in the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. The study confirmed the three-factor structure for the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Policymakers and managers can use this inventory to assess burnout and identify barriers. Different genders and health professionals interpret this inventory similarly.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mamun MA, Alimoradi Z, Gozal D, Manzar MD, Broström A, Lin CY, Huang RY, Pakpour AH. Validating Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in a Bangladeshi Population: Using Classical Test Theory and Rasch Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010225. [PMID: 35010485 PMCID: PMC8750940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak is associated with sleep problems and mental health issues among individuals. Therefore, there is a need to assess sleep efficiency during this tough period. Unfortunately, the commonly used instrument on insomnia severity-the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)-has never been translated and validated among Bangladeshis. Additionally, the ISI has never been validated during a major protracted disaster (such as the COVID-19 outbreak) when individuals encounter mental health problems. The present study aimed to translate the ISI into Bangla language (ISI-Bangla) and validate its psychometric properties. First, the linguistic validity of the ISI-Bangla was established. Then, 9790 Bangladeshis (mean age = 26.7 years; SD = 8.5; 5489 [56.1%] males) completed the Bangla versions of the following questionnaires: ISI, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All the participants also answered an item on suicidal ideation. Classical test theory and Rasch analyses were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ISI-Bangla. Both classical test theory and Rasch analyses support a one-factor structure for the ISI-Bangla. Moreover, no substantial differential item functioning was observed across different subgroups (gender, depression status (determined using PHQ-9), and suicidal ideation). Additionally, concurrent validity of the ISI-Bangla was supported by significant and moderate correlations with FCV-19S and PHQ-9; known-group validity was established by the significant difference of the ISI-Bangla scores between participants who experienced suicidal ideation and those without. The present psychometric validation conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak suggests that the ISI-Bangla is a promising and operationally adequate instrument to assess insomnia in Bangladeshis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh;
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Zainab Alimoradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran;
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anders Broström
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, SE-55111 Jonkoping, Sweden; (A.B.); (A.H.P.)
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (R.-Y.H.)
| | - Ru-Yi Huang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (R.-Y.H.)
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, SE-55111 Jonkoping, Sweden; (A.B.); (A.H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marino C, Canale N, Melodia F, Spada MM, Vieno A. The Overlap Between Problematic Smartphone Use and Problematic Social Media Use: a Systematic Review. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Over the last decade, problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic social media use (PSMU) have emerged as new potential problematic behaviours. Several studies have suggested that smartphones are predominantly used for social purposes (i.e., using messaging apps and social networking sites). The aim of the current article is to provide a systematic review of the extant literature that has explicitly analysed the association between PSU and PSMU in order to examine study characteristics in terms of samples analysed and effect sizes of the associations reported. This systematic review is based on the ongoing debate about whether the smartphone can be considered as the medium of one or more problematic activities, including PSMU.
Recent Findings
Existing evidence suggests that the effect sizes of the associations between PSU and PSMU are medium to large and large across the 13 studies included, with the largest correlations observed between PSU and problematic WhatsApp use or general PSMU. Overall, reviewed results suggest a partial overlap between the two problematic behaviours.
Summary
PSU and PSMU are overlapped mostly because the smartphone is a common medium to use social media, especially concerning instant messaging apps like WhatsApp. Moreover, PSU should be preferentially studied with a focus on specific types of apps used rather than a more holistic phenomenon.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hosen I, Al Mamun F, Sikder MT, Abbasi AZ, Zou L, Guo T, Mamun MA. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Problematic Smartphone Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bangladeshi Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3797-3805. [PMID: 34548828 PMCID: PMC8448157 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s325126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been increasing hastily in recent decades, and it has become inseparable during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among the students who are at risk of problematic smartphone use. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of PSU during the COVID-19 pandemic among the Bangladeshi students. Methods A total of 601 Bangladeshi students were recruited through an online-based cross-sectional survey that was conducted between October 7 and November 2, 2020. The survey collected information related to socio-demographics, behavioral health, internet use behaviors, depression, anxiety, and PSU. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to present the relationship between the studied variables and PSU. Multiple linear regression analysis was also used for investigating the explanatory power of the predictive models for PSU. Results Surprisingly, about 86.9% of the students scored to be problematic smartphone users (≥21 out of a total 36 based on the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale). In addition, medical students, engaging in a relationship, performing less physical activity, longer duration of internet use, some sorts of internet use purpose (eg, messaging, watching videos, using social media), depression, and anxiety were significantly associated with higher scores of PSU. After adjusting all the studied variables, the final model explained a 31.3% variance predicting PSU. Conclusion The present study is one of the first approaches to assess the prevalence of PSU among the Bangladeshi students during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the addiction level was superfluous (and this may be due to more online engagement related to the pandemic). Thus, the study recommended strategies or policies related to the students' risk-reducing and healthy use of smartphones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amir Zaib Abbasi
- Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Guo
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen IH, Chen CY, Liu CH, Ahorsu DK, Griffiths MD, Chen YP, Kuo YJ, Lin CY, Pakpour AH, Wang SM. Internet addiction and psychological distress among Chinese schoolchildren before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: A latent class analysis. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:731-746. [PMID: 34529588 PMCID: PMC8997210 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present longitudinal study examined the changes in problematic internet use (problematic smartphone use, problematic social media use, and problematic gaming) and changes in COVID-19-related psychological distress (fear of COVID-19 and worry concerning COVID-19) across three time-points (before the COVID-19 outbreak, during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, and during the COVID-19 outbreak recovery period). METHODS A total of 504 Chinese schoolchildren completed measures concerning problematic internet use and psychological distress across three time-points. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify participants into three groups of problematic internet use comprising Group 1 (lowest level), Group 2 (moderate level), and Group 3 (highest level). RESULTS Statistical analyses showed that as problematic use of internet-related activities declined among Group 3 participants across the three time points, participants in Group 1 and Group 2 had increased problematic use of internet-related activities. Although there was no between-group difference in relation to worrying concerning COVID-19 infection, Groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher levels of fear of COVID-19 than Group 1 during the COVID-19 recovery period. Regression analysis showed that change in problematic internet use predicted fear of COVID-19 during the recovery period. CONCLUSION The varied levels of problematic internet use among schoolchildren reflect different changing trends of additive behaviors during COVID-19 outbreak and recovery periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-hsiu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jahan I, Hosen I, Al Mamun F, Kaggwa MM, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA. How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Internet Use Behaviors and Facilitated Problematic Internet Use? A Bangladeshi Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1127-1138. [PMID: 34345189 PMCID: PMC8324976 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s323570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic-related "stay-at-home" and confinement orders has led individuals to be more engaged with technology use (eg, internet use). For a minority of individuals, excessive use can become problematic and addictive. However, the investigation of problematic internet use in the COVID-19 context is only just emerging. Therefore, the present study investigated the changes in internet use behaviors and addiction rates in comparison with prior Bangladeshi studies. Methods An online cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 601 Bangladeshi students between October 7 and November 2, 2020. The survey included questions relating to socio-demographic, behavioral health, online use behaviors, and psychopathological variables. Results A quarter of the participants (26%) reported having low levels of internet addiction, whereas 58.6% were classed as having moderate internet addiction and 13% severe internet addiction. A total of 4% of the sample were classed as being at risk of severe internet dependency (ie, scoring over ≥80 on IAT). Risk factors for internet addiction included smartphone addiction, Facebook addiction, depression, and anxiety. However, the final hierarchical regression model comprising all variables explained a total of 70.6% variance of problematic internet use. Conclusion Based on the present findings, it is concluded that individuals are at elevated risk of problematic internet use like other psychological impacts that have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, risk-reducing measures and healthy control use strategies should be implemented for vulnerable individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Özdil K, Çatıker A, Bulucu Büyüksoy GD. Smartphone addiction and perceived pain among nursing students: a cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:2246-2260. [PMID: 34308709 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1958236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates smartphone addiction among nursing students, the levels of perceived pain in the upper extremity, and the relationship between them. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 259 nursing students in a Turkish state university, who agreed to participate in the research. Study data were collected online using the introductory questionnaire, smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), and numeric rating scale (NRS). The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis. The SAS-SV score of students included in the study was 25.71 ± 7.49. It was determined that all of the students experienced burning in the ears, pinkie, elbow, shoulder, wrist, eye, hand and neck pain due to telephone use. In the study, it was determined that the SAS-SV scores of the students were found to be higher 7.4 times in those with the highest level of headache; 6.8 times in those with the highest level of ear pain; 8.4 times in those with the highest level of shoulder pain; 8.2 times in those with the highest level of low back pain. The study established that students were experiencing a low level of smartphone addiction; however, various health and social problems associated with phone use and smartphone addiction caused pain in certain extremities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamuran Özdil
- Aged Care Program, Health Services Vocational School, Nevsehir Haci Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Çatıker
- Department of Nursing, Ordu University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Poorebrahim A, Lin CY, Imani V, Kolvani SS, Alaviyoun SA, Ehsani N, Pakpour AH. Using Mindful Attention Awareness Scale on male prisoners: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch models. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254333. [PMID: 34255773 PMCID: PMC8277060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study tested the construct validity (i.e., factor structure) of the Persian Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) on a sample of male prisoners. METHODS All the participants (mean±SD age = 39.44±7.94 years) completed three scales-the Persian MAAS, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis with differential item functioning (DIF) were applied to examine the construct validity of the MAAS. Specifically, the DIF was tested across different insomnia status (using ISI with a cutoff of 15), psychiatric well-being status (using GHQ-12 with a cutoff of 12), and age (using mean age of 39.44 as the cutoff). RESULTS The CFA results showed a single factor solution for the Persian MAAS. The Rasch results showed all MAAS items fit in the construct (infit mean square [MnSq] = 0.72 to 1.41; outfit MnSq = 0.74 to 1.39) without displaying DIF items (DIF contrast = -0.34 to 0.31 for insomnia condition; -0.22 to 0.25 for psychiatric well-being; -0.26 to 0.29 for age). CONCLUSIONS The Persian version of the MAAS is, therefore, a valid instrument to measure mindfulness among Iranian male prisoners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Poorebrahim
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences and Departments of Occupational Therapy and Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: , (AHP); (CYL)
| | - Vida Imani
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Narges Ehsani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- * E-mail: , (AHP); (CYL)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen CY, Chen IH, Pakpour AH, Lin CY, Griffiths MD. Internet-Related Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 School Hiatus. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2021; 24:654-663. [PMID: 33877905 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the mediating roles of problematic gaming, problematic social media use, and problematic smartphone use in the associations between psychological distress and screen time use among primary school children during the school hiatus due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Students (n = 2,026; mean [standard deviation] age = 10.71 years [1.07]; 1,011 [49.9 percent] girls) in Sichuan, China completed a cross-sectional online survey, and this study was approved by the ethics committee of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (IRB ref: HSEARS20190718001). The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale were used to assess problematic gaming, social media use, and smartphone use. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 was used to assess distress, and an item rated on a 0-10 scale was included to assess fear of being infected by COVID-19. Fear of being infected by COVID-19 was assessed because this could be a confounding variable in the association between psychological distress and screen time use. Increased time spent on gaming, social media, and smartphones was associated with greater problematic gaming, problematic social media use, problematic smartphone use, and psychological distress, but was not associated with fear of COVID-19 infection. Mediation analyses showed that problematic gaming, problematic social media use, and problematic smartphone use were significant mediators in the association between psychological distress and increased time spent on Internet-related activities during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Children who had psychological distress during COVID-19 outbreak might have spent longer time on Internet-related activities due to the school hiatus and problematic use of Internet-related activities. Parents/caregivers are recommended to monitor their children's use of Internet while encouraging children to engage in positive activities to ease the concern of negative psychological responses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - I-Hua Chen
- College of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Fujian, China.,International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen CY, Chen IH, O'Brien KS, Latner JD, Lin CY. Psychological distress and internet-related behaviors between schoolchildren with and without overweight during the COVID-19 outbreak. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:677-686. [PMID: 33495523 PMCID: PMC7829481 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and its resulting social policy changes may result in psychological distress among schoolchildren with overweight. This study thus aimed to (1) compare psychological distress (including fear of COVID-19 infection, stress, anxiety, and depression), perceived weight stigma, and problematic internet-related behaviors between schoolchildren with and without overweight; (2) assess whether perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors explained psychological distress. METHODS Schoolchildren (n = 1357; mean age = 10.7 years) with overweight (n = 236) and without overweight (n = 1121) completed an online survey assessing their fear of COVID-19 infection, stress, anxiety, depression, perceived weight stigma, problematic smartphone application use, problematic social media use, and problematic gaming. RESULTS Schoolchildren with overweight had significantly higher levels of COVID-19 infection fear, stress, depression, perceived weight stigma, and problematic social media use than those without overweight. Regression models showed that perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors were significant predictors of psychological distress among schoolchildren with overweight. CONCLUSION Strategies to manage perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors may have a positive influence on mental health among schoolchildren with overweight under health-threatening circumstances, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Chen
- School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Kerry S O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen IH, Chen CY, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY, Li XD, Tsang HWH. Problematic internet-related behaviors mediate the associations between levels of internet engagement and distress among schoolchildren during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal structural equation modeling study. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:135-148. [PMID: 33570506 PMCID: PMC8969851 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), policies based on the nature of "spatial distancing" have been implemented and have resulted in school suspensions and online learning among schoolchildren. In order to examine the impact of such policies on schoolchildren, the aims of the present study were to (i) assess changes in the level of engagement in three internet-related activities (smartphone use, social media use, and gaming) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, including prolonged and problematic engagement in these activities; (ii) investigate the differences of psychological distress before and after COVID-19 outbreak; and (iii) to use structural equation modeling to investigate the mediating roles of problematic internet-related behaviors in the causal relationships of psychological distress and time spent on internet-related activities. METHODS Self-report measures were used to assess internet-related activities and psychological distress. Time spent on internet-related activities, problematic use of internet-related activities, and psychological distress were collected from primary school students (N = 535; 265 boys; M age = 10.32 years [SD = 0.84]). The data were first collected before the COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., early November 2019) and then collected again during the school suspension due to COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., end of March 2020) for comparisons of changes. RESULTS Schoolchildren spent significantly more time on the smartphone (increased 1.02 h daily; P < 0.001) and social media (increased 0.73 h daily; P < 0.001) but not gaming (increased 0.14 h daily; P = 0.07) during the school suspension compared to the baseline. Schoolchildren who increased by 15 or 30 min daily on internet-related activities showed an increased level of psychological distress. The association between problematic use of social media and psychological distress was stronger during the school suspension (β = 0.584) than at the baseline (β = 0.451; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Increased problematic use of internet-related activities among schoolchildren was associated with greater psychological distress. Parents should therefore monitor internet-related activities and psychological distress of their children to support their mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xu-Dong Li
- Gaogeng Nine-year School, Qionglai, China
| | - Hector W. H. Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee PH, Tse ACY, Wu CST, Mak YW, Lee U. Validation of Self-Reported Smartphone Usage Against Objectively-Measured Smartphone Usage in Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:95-100. [PMID: 33517618 PMCID: PMC7960745 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the validity of self-reported smartphone usage data against objectively-measured smartphone usage data by directly tracking the activities in the participants' smartphone among Chinese adolescents and young adults in Hong Kong. METHODS A total of 187 participants were recruited (mean age 19.4, 71.7% female) between 2017 and 2018. A smartphone usage tracking app was installed on all participants' smartphone for 7 consecutive days. After the 7-day monitoring period, they completed a selfadministered questionnaire on smartphone usage habits. RESULTS Although the correlation between self-reported and objectively-measured total smartphone usage time was insignificant (ρ=-0.10, p=0.18), in three out of the four usage domains were positively and significantly correlated, namely social network (ρ=0.21, p=0.005), instant messaging (ρ=0.27, p<0.001), and games (ρ=0.64, p<0.001). Participants' self-report of the total time spent on smartphones exceeded the objective data by around 760 min per week (self-reported 1,930.3 min/wk vs. objectively-measured 1,170.7 min/wk, p<0.001). Most of the over-reporting was contributed by the web browsing domain (self-reported 447.8 min/wk vs. objectively-measured 33.3 min/wk, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results showed large discrepancies between self-reported smartphone and objectively-measured smartphone usage except for self-reported usage on game apps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Lee
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Andy C. Y. Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yim Wah Mak
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Uichin Lee
- Department of Knowledge Service Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Elbilgahy AA, Sweelam RK, Eltaib FA, Bayomy HE, Elwasefy SA. Effects of Electronic Devices and Internet Addiction on Sleep and Academic Performance Among Female Egyptian and Saudi Nursing Students: A Comparative Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2021; 7:23779608211055614. [PMID: 35005227 PMCID: PMC8738996 DOI: 10.1177/23779608211055614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The widespread availability of Internet access and increasing rate of electronic device usage has helped enlighten the world community through copious applications, information resources, and other benefits. However, both the lack of controlled behavior and excessive Internet usage have resulted in a variety of difficulties that can hinder user achievement in many areas. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the prevalence of Internet and electronic device addiction among Egyptian and Saudi nursing students, with the aim of identifying any effects on sleep and academic performance. METHODS A cross-sectional comparative research design was employed among a systematic random sample comprised of 920 Egyptian and Saudi female nursing students. All participants completed the Young-Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). RESULTS Severe Internet Addiction (IA) detected in 42.69% and 10.31% of Saudi and Egyptian participants, respectively. However, Saudi participants were more likely to report high rates of mobile phone usage (P < 0.001), while Egyptian participants tended to score higher on the ESS (17.47 ± 3.99 vs. 16.8 ± 3.83; P = 0.024). For all participants, IAT and MPIQ scores were correlated with ESS results, while IA was specifically associated with poor academic performance. Finally, MPIQ scores were inversely correlated with academic performance for Saudi participants. CONCLUSION Smartphone and Internet addiction were notable problems for the Egyptian and Saudi nursing students investigated in this study. Importantly, these conditions adversely affect academic performance and other activity engagement in addition to inducing excessive daytime sleepiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Elbilgahy
- Pediatric Nursing, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rasha Kamal Sweelam
- Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Egypt
- Assistant professor of psychiatric nursing, Northern Border University, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Fatma Abdou Eltaib
- Lecturer of Medical-surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain-shams
University
- Assistant professor of Medical Surgical nursing, Northern Border
University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa E. Bayomy
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of medicine, Benha University, Egypt
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine,
Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen Ahmed Elwasefy
- Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt
- Assistant professor of Pediatric Nursing, Jouf University, Saudi
Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mamun MA, Rayhan I, Akter K, Griffiths MD. Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among the University Students in Bangladesh: A Single-Site Survey. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, suicide among Bangladeshi university students has become a serious problem. However, to date, there have been no studies assessing suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi students. Therefore, the present study investigated suicidal ideation (SI) and its risk factors among this population. A classroom-based convenience sampling method was utilized to survey 665 students of a university in Bangladesh (67.5% males; aged 21.16 years: SD ± 1.6). In addition to socio-demographic questions, the survey also included the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21. Results showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 2.3% in the past 24 h, 4.8% in the past 15 days, 6.9% in the past month, 14.7% in the past year, and 61.1% in the lifetime. The unadjusted regression model showed that being divorced (or separated) from a partner (OR = 4.486, 95% CI = 1.972–10.207, p < 0.0001), Facebook addiction (OR = 1.550, 95% CI = 1.006–2.388, p = 0.047), depression (OR = 1.657, 95% CI = 1.677–4.211, p < 0.0001), anxiety (OR = 2.649, 95% CI = 1.624–4.320, p < 0.0001), and stress (OR = 2.626, 95% CI = 1.673–4.122, p < 0.0001) were the risk factors of past-year SI. Compared with global prevalence rates, the present study reported higher levels of SI prevalence. Therefore, supportive suicide prevention programs are needed to tackle SI and alongside comorbid psychopathology.
Collapse
|
34
|
Torpil B, Ünsal E, Yıldız E, Pekçetin S. Relationship between nomophobia and occupational performance among university students. Br J Occup Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022620950984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Nomophobia is a contemporary phobia that emerged in the digital age and is becoming increasingly common. University students are at higher risk for nomophobia. This study aims to develop an understanding of nomophobic university students’ problem areas in their daily occupations. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 181 university students between January and March 2020. The Nomophobia Questionnaire was used to determine the students’ level of nomophobia and they were separated into groups based on nomophobia severity. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to determine the students’ occupational performance and satisfaction in the occupations they identified as being most problematic for them. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure scores were compared between nomophobia severity groups. Results All students in the study had some degree of nomophobia (mild = 56, moderate = 95, severe = 30). Canadian Occupational Performance Measure performance and satisfaction scores were significantly lower in students with severe nomophobia compared to the mild/moderately nomophobic students ( p<.05). The occupations of greatest concern were in the areas of productivity (studying, 20.89%), self-care (sleeping, 9.87%), and leisure (doing sport, 8.23%). Conclusion This study demonstrated a relationship between nomophobia and occupational performance difficulties in university students. Occupational therapists should consider nomophobia when evaluating occupational performance difficulties in university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berkan Torpil
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Gülhane Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Ünsal
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yıldız
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Hamidiye Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Pekçetin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Assessing Risk for Smartphone Addiction: Validation of an Arabic Version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
36
|
Tokiya M, Itani O, Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y. Relationship between internet addiction and sleep disturbance in high school students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:379. [PMID: 32782022 PMCID: PMC7418409 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in the number of Internet users has increased Internet dependence worldwide. In adolescents, this dependence may interfere with sleep, which is important for the development of psychophysiological capabilities. However, few large-scale surveys have described the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and sleep disturbance using standardized questionnaires. We conducted a survey in one prefecture in Japan to determine the relationship between sleep disturbance and IA in adolescents based on the categories of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). METHODS In 2016, high school students (N = 10,405, age range: 15-16 years) in all 54 daytime high schools in the selected prefecture were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants with scores > 5.5 points on the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were defined as having a sleep disturbance. IA was evaluated using the YDQ: Participants with five to eight YDQ items present were classified as having IA; those with three or four items present were classified as "at risk of IA"; and those with two or less YDQ items were classified as "non-IA". Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with sleep disturbance as the dependent variable, IA as the explanatory variable, and adjustments for eight other variables. RESULTS High YDQ scores were associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in boys and girls. These findings persisted after controlling for other factors in the multiple regression model. CONCLUSIONS Among Japanese adolescents, there was a significant independent relationship between IA and sleep disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Tokiya
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen IH, Pakpour AH, Leung H, Potenza MN, Su JA, Lin CY, Griffiths MD. Comparing generalized and specific problematic smartphone/internet use: Longitudinal relationships between smartphone application-based addiction and social media addiction and psychological distress. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:410-419. [PMID: 32592655 PMCID: PMC8939406 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The literature has proposed two types of problematic smartphone/internet use: generalized problematic use and specific problematic use. However, longitudinal findings on the associations between the two types of problematic use and psychological distress are lacking among East-Asians. The present study examined temporal associations between both generalized and specific problematic use of the smartphone/internet, and psychological distress. METHODS Hong Kong University students (N = 308; 100 males; mean age = 23.75 years; SD ± 5.15) were recruited with follow-ups at three, six, and nine months after baseline assessment. All participants completed the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (for generalized problematic smartphone/internet use), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (for specific problematic smartphone/internet use), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (for psychological distress) in each assessment. Latent growth modeling (LGM) was constructed to understand temporal associations between generalized/specific problematic use and psychological distress. RESULTS The LGM suggested that the intercept of generalized problematic use was significantly associated with the intercept of psychological distress (standardized coefficient [β] = 0.32; P < 0.01). The growth of generalized problematic use was significantly associated with the growth of psychological distress (β = 0.51; P < 0.01). Moreover, the intercept of specific problematic use was significantly associated with the intercept of psychological distress (β = 0.28; P < 0.01) and the growth of psychological distress (β = 0.37; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The initial level of problematic use of smartphone/internet increased the psychological distress among university students. Helping young adults address problematic use of the smartphone/internet may prevent psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Hildie Leung
- UOW College Hong Kong / Community College of City University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jian-An Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Puzi City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong,Corresponding author. E-mail: Tel.: +852 2766 6755; Fax: +852 2330 8656
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mascia ML, Agus M, Penna MP. Emotional Intelligence, Self-Regulation, Smartphone Addiction: Which Relationship With Student Well-Being and Quality of Life? Front Psychol 2020; 11:375. [PMID: 32210888 PMCID: PMC7068808 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study emphasizes the importance of analyzing factors that contribute to student well-being, as a result of the multiplicity of factors that can affect their quality of life (QoL). The literature indicates that, among these factors, emotional intelligence and self-regulation play a central role in influencing adolescents’ psychological and scholastic well-being. Technology is a fundamental aspect of adolescent life but addiction to the use of smartphones is increasing, which can affect both emotional intelligence and self-regulation, and in turn individual well-being and QoL. Therefore, this study explores the role of smartphone use with respect to these aspects. Participants were 215 Italian students attending middle school. By applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the results confirm that self-regulation affects the QoL of students, but its role varies according to the degree of smartphone addiction. In conclusion, we confirm the relevance of the relationship between self-regulation and smartphone addiction in teaching students to be aware of their time spent using smartphones. Emotional intelligence and, in general, self-regulation should be encouraged to support the well-being and QoL of students in their adolescence at school.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lidia Mascia
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirian Agus
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Pietronilla Penna
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS). Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to test the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS; Csibi et al., International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16, 393–403, 2018), a short and easy to use six-item tool for screening the risk of addiction to smartphone-based applications. A further goal was to explore the impact on smartphone addiction of several variables related to smartphone use habits, perceived quality of life, and sociability measures. The data were collected online from 205 Italian-speaking volunteers (128 males and 77 females aged 18 to 99 years). The psychometric instruments included in the study were the SABAS and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Psychometric testing showed that the six items included in the SABAS comprised a unidimensional factor with good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .890). Therefore, the SABAS appears to be a reliable instrument to assess the risk of addiction to smartphone apps. Moreover, longer daily time spent using the smartphone was found to be positively correlated with the total SABAS and NMP-Q scores, while perceived quality of life and self-reported sociability were found to be negatively correlated with such scores.
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen IH, Ahorsu DK, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY, Chen CY. Psychometric Properties of Three Simplified Chinese Online-Related Addictive Behavior Instruments Among Mainland Chinese Primary School Students. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:875. [PMID: 33101070 PMCID: PMC7495180 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE There are inadequate screening instruments for assessing specific internet-related addictions among mainland Chinese primary school students. Therefore, the present study validated the psychometric properties of three simplified Chinese online-related addictive behavior instruments among mainland Chinese primary school students. METHOD Fourth to sixth graders (n = 1108; 48.3% males; mean [SD] age = 10.37 years [0.95]) completed the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scales-Short Form (IGDS-SF9), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) in a classroom. The factorial structures and the unidimensionality of the three scales were examined using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). Measurement invariance of the three scales was examined using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFAs) across gender. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that the three scales (Cronbach's α = 0.73 to 0.84) had unidimensional structure as supported by satisfactory fit indices (comparative fit index = 0.98 to 1.00). The MGCFA findings indicated that the unidimensional structures of the three scales were invariant across gender. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the three simplified Chinese scales (IGDS-SF9, BSMAS, and SABAS) are valid instruments for assessing online-related addictive behaviors among mainland Chinese primary school students irrespective of their gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, China.,School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|