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Parrello S, Postiglione J, Sica LS, De Rosa B, Parola A, Regnoli GM, Fenizia E, Sommantico M. Italian university students' future time perspective and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1404952. [PMID: 39114590 PMCID: PMC11304507 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1404952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, young adults worldwide showed signs of distress as they were affected in their specific developmental tasks, including the construction of personal and professional futures. Methods The present study aimed to assess the situational future time perspective of Italian university students during the second pandemic wave, as measured by an ad hoc constructed instrument, to explore its interaction with some dispositional traits relevant in future construction, such as optimism, sense of life, aggression, and dispositional future time perspective, and to test their effect on psychological well-being. The total sample consisted of 389 subjects (18-35 years, M = 23.5, SD = 4.4). Results and discussion The results indicated that the pandemic experience, assessed by surveying specific indicators, negatively affected the future time perspective of students, particularly those dispositionally optimistic and convinced that life has meaning. However, awareness of the negative impact that the pandemic brought to the vision of the future seems to have dampened the levels of depression and stress, while anxiety was found to be related only to dispositional traits. The results also suggested the need for educational and economic policies that help young adults develop confidence in the future and in their ability to build it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Parrello
- Department of Humanities, Section of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Koppner J, Lindelöf A, Iredahl F, Nilsson S, Thorsell A, Larsen HI, Faresjö Å. Sense of coherence, mental health, and hair cortisol concentrations among older people during the COVID -19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1502. [PMID: 38840150 PMCID: PMC11151583 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A person's sense of coherence (SoC) is likely to affect coping when exposed to a life changing event like the COVID -19 pandemic, which impacted the older population especially hard, an age group that already suffers from a lot of mental illness. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between SoC and mental health in older adults using both screening scales and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC). METHOD A cross-sectional design studying a cohort of 70-80 years old, N = 260, set in Swedish primary care during the pandemic years 2021-2022. Instruments used are sense of coherence 13 (SoC-13), EQ-5D-3L, Geriatric depression scale 20 (GDS-20), Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and Perceived stress scale 10 (PSS-10). Sociodemography and factors concerning SoC, and mental health are explored. HCC are measured using radioimmunoassay. Outcome measures are factors independently associated with SoC. Linear regression models were performed with SoC as dependent variable, and priory path analyses explored whether associations with SoC were direct, or indirect via anxiety. RESULTS SoC was significantly associated with anxiety (p < 0.001), perceived economic status (p = 0.003), belief in the future (p = 0.001), and perceived negative mental effect from the COVID -19 pandemic (p = 0.002). The latter was 96% indirectly associated with SoC (p < 0.001), whereas perceived economic status together with belief in the future was 82% directly associated with SoC (p = 0.17). HCC and sex were not significantly associated with SoC, but, noticeably, high HCC was equally distributed between women and men. Women reported significantly lower quality of life (p = 0.03), and more symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.001) and depression (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Anxiety, belief in the future, perceived negative effect on mental health due to the pandemic, and perceived economic status were significantly associated with SoC. Anxiety is suggested to be important in explaining the association between perceived negative mental effect from the COVID-19 pandemic and SoC. Women reported significantly poorer mental health and life quality than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Koppner
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of General practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ann Lindelöf
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of General practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Iredahl
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of General practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of General practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences/Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Israelsson Larsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of General practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åshild Faresjö
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health/Public Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Chan JK, Marzuki AA, Vafa S, Thanaraju A, Yap J, Chan XW, Harris HA, Todi K, Schaefer A. A systematic review on the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and emotional disorder symptoms during Covid-19: unearthing the potential role of economic concerns and financial strain. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:237. [PMID: 38671542 PMCID: PMC11046828 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 has disrupted the lives of many and resulted in high prevalence rates of mental disorders. Despite a vast amount of research into the social determinants of mental health during Covid-19, little is known about whether the results are consistent with the social gradient in mental health. Here we report a systematic review of studies that investigated how socioeconomic condition (SEC)-a multifaceted construct that measures a person's socioeconomic standing in society, using indicators such as education and income, predicts emotional health (depression and anxiety) risk during the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined which classes of SEC indicators would best predict symptoms of emotional disorders. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted search over six databases, including Scopus, PubMed, etc., between November 4, 2021 and November 11, 2021 for studies that investigated how SEC indicators predict emotional health risks during Covid-19, after obtaining approval from PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021288508). Using Covidence as the platform, 362 articles (324 cross-sectional/repeated cross-sectional and 38 longitudinal) were included in this review according to the eligibility criteria. We categorized SEC indicators into 'actual versus perceived' and 'static versus fluid' classes to explore their differential effects on emotional health. RESULTS Out of the 1479 SEC indicators used in these 362 studies, our results showed that 43.68% of the SEC indicators showed 'expected' results (i.e., higher SEC predicting better emotional health outcomes); 51.86% reported non-significant results and 4.46% reported the reverse. Economic concerns (67.16% expected results) and financial strains (64.16%) emerged as the best predictors while education (26.85%) and living conditions (30.14%) were the worst. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes how different SEC indicators influenced emotional health risks across 98 countries, with a total of 5,677,007 participants, ranging from high to low-income countries. Our findings showed that not all SEC indicators were strongly predictive of emotional health risks. In fact, over half of the SEC indicators studied showed a null effect. We found that perceived and fluid SEC indicators, particularly economic concerns and financial strain could best predict depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings have implications for policymakers to further understand how different SEC classes affect mental health during a pandemic in order to tackle associated social issues effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Kei Chan
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Sunway University Malaysia, Room: 4-4-11, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aleya A Marzuki
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Samira Vafa
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Arjun Thanaraju
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jie Yap
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Xiou Wen Chan
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Atasha Harris
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khushi Todi
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Alexandre Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Fung VSC, Chan JKN, Chui EMC, Wong CSM, Chu RST, So YK, Chan JMT, Chung AKK, Lee KCK, Lo HKY, Cheng CPW, Law CW, Chan WC, Chang WC. Network analysis on psychopathological symptoms, psychological measures, quality of life and COVID-19 related factors in Chinese psychiatric patients in Hong Kong. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:271. [PMID: 38609962 PMCID: PMC11010282 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric patients are susceptible to adverse mental health impacts during COVID-19, but complex interplays between psychopathology and pandemic-related variables remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate concomitant associations between psychopathological symptoms, psychological measures and COVID-19 related variables in Chinese psychiatric patients during the peak of fifth pandemic wave in Hong Kong. METHODS We employed network analysis to investigate inter-relationships among psychopathological symptoms (including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder-like [PTSD-like] symptoms, insomnia, psychotic symptoms), cognitive complaints, health-related quality of life, loneliness, resilience and selected pandemic-related factors in 415 psychiatric outpatients between 28 March and 8 April, 2022. Network comparisons between genders, diagnosis (common mental disorders [CMD] vs. severe mental disorders [SMD]), and history of contracting COVID-19 at fifth wave were performed as exploratory analyses. RESULTS Our results showed that anxiety represented the most central node in the network, as indicated by its highest node strength and expected influence, followed by depression and quality of life. Three comparatively strong connections between COVID-19 and psychopathological variables were observed including: fear of contagion and PTSD-like symptoms, COVID-19 stressor burden and PTSD-like symptoms, and COVID-19 stressor burden and insomnia. Network comparison tests revealed significant network structural difference between participants with history of contracting COVID-19 and those without, but showed no significant difference between genders as well as between CMD and SMD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the pivotal role of anxiety in psychopathology network of psychiatric patients amidst COVID-19. Pandemic-related variables are critically associated with trauma/stress and insomnia symptoms. Future research is required to elucidate potential network structural changes between pandemic and post-COVID periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Shi Cheng Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Joe Kwun Nam Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Eileena Mo Ching Chui
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hospital Authority, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Corine Sau Man Wong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ryan Sai Ting Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuen Kiu So
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jacob Man Tik Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Kar Kin Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Krystal Chi Kei Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Heidi Ka Ying Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Calvin Pak Wing Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wing Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hospital Authority, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Chi Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Regnoli GM, Tiano G, De Rosa B. How Is the Fear of War Impacting Italian Young Adults' Mental Health? The Mediating Role of Future Anxiety and Intolerance of Uncertainty. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:838-855. [PMID: 38667809 PMCID: PMC11049055 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Russian-Ukrainian conflict is affecting mental health even in communities that are not directly involved in the war; added to this is the escalating conflict in the Middle East and its dangerous spread, which brings the war back to the center of the contemporary social and economic horizon. The present study aims to explore the psychological impact of war in a sample of 310 Italian young adults (18-30 years; M = 22.0; SD = 2.6) while exploring the relationship between Fear of War and psychological distress and evaluating the mediating effects of Future Anxiety and Intolerance of Uncertainty in this relation. Findings highlighted how Fear of War positively and significantly affects Stress, Anxiety, and Depression, and, at the same time, how it fuels both Future Anxiety and Intolerance of Uncertainty. These constructs, in addition to positively affecting the mental health outcomes considered, mediate the relationship between Fear of War and youth psychological distress with a significant indirect effect observed in all three mediation models performed. Finally, significantly higher levels of psychological distress, Fear of War, and Future Anxiety are reported in women than in men. The findings are discussed with reference to the recent literature on the psychological impact of war and on contemporary youth psychological distress, indicating the importance of educational policies and targeted interventions aimed at supporting this target in coping with multiple contemporary collective stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara De Rosa
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.M.R.); (G.T.)
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Curran T, Seiter JS, Elwood RE, Lindsay MC. Negative Social Exchanges During the Pandemic, Loneliness, and the Mediating Role of Stress and Feeling Misunderstood Among People at High-Risk for COVID-19 Related Complications. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38515233 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2332004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the links between social interactions and mental health for people who are high-risk for COVID-19 complications. Specifically, we tested the relationships between negative social exchanges during the pandemic and loneliness through two mediators: stress and feeling misunderstood about one's health status. Data were collected via Amazon's MTurk from participants (N = 271) who self-identified as being high-risk for COVID-19. The results from our model showed both a direct association between negative social interactions and loneliness, and an indirect link between these variables through stress. Overall, these results highlight the importance of understanding social interactions for people who are at high-risk for COVID-19 and their mental well-being. The results and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John S Seiter
- Department of Communication Studies and Philosophy, Utah State University
| | - Rebecca E Elwood
- Department of Communication Studies and Philosophy, Utah State University
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Lanciano T, Alfeo F, Curci A, Marin C, D'Uggento AM, Decarolis D, Öner S, Anthony K, Barzykowski K, Bascón M, Benavides A, Cabildo A, de la Mata-Benítez ML, Ergen İ, Filip K, Gofman A, Janssen SMJ, Kai-Bin Z, Markostamou I, Matías-García JA, Nourkova V, Oleksiak S, Santamaría A, Szpunar K, Taylor A, Watson LA, Zheng J. The flashbulb-like nature of memory for the first COVID-19 case and the impact of the emergency. A cross-national survey. Memory 2024; 32:264-282. [PMID: 38315731 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2310554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Flashbulb memories (FBMs) refer to vivid and long-lasting autobiographical memories for the circumstances in which people learned of a shocking and consequential public event. A cross-national study across eleven countries aimed to investigate FBM formation following the first COVID-19 case news in each country and test the effect of pandemic-related variables on FBM. Participants had detailed memories of the date and others present when they heard the news, and had partially detailed memories of the place, activity, and news source. China had the highest FBM specificity. All countries considered the COVID-19 emergency as highly significant at both the individual and global level. The Classification and Regression Tree Analysis revealed that FBM specificity might be influenced by participants' age, subjective severity (assessment of COVID-19 impact in each country and relative to others), residing in an area with stringent COVID-19 protection measures, and expecting the pandemic effects. Hierarchical regression models demonstrated that age and subjective severity negatively predicted FBM specificity, whereas sex, pandemic impact expectedness, and rehearsal showed positive associations in the total sample. Subjective severity negatively affected FBM specificity in Turkey, whereas pandemic impact expectedness positively influenced FBM specificity in China and negatively in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Alfeo
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Marin
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Sezin Öner
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kristine Anthony
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Krystian Barzykowski
- Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miguel Bascón
- Laboratory of Human Activity, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alec Benavides
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Cabildo
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - İrem Ergen
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Katarzyna Filip
- Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alena Gofman
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Steve M J Janssen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Kai-Bin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ioanna Markostamou
- Division of Psychology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Jose Antonio Matías-García
- Laboratory of Human Activity, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Veronika Nourkova
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sebastian Oleksiak
- Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrés Santamaría
- Laboratory of Human Activity, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Karl Szpunar
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea Taylor
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Lynn Ann Watson
- Center for Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jin Zheng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Vo HT, Dao TD, Duong TV, Nguyen TT, Do BN, Do TX, Pham KM, Vu VH, Pham LV, Nguyen LTH, Le LTH, Nguyen HC, Dang NH, Nguyen TH, Nguyen AT, Nguyen HV, Nguyen PB, Nguyen HTT, Pham TTM, Le TT, Nguyen TTP, Tran CQ, Nguyen KT. Impact of long COVID-19 on posttraumatic stress disorder as modified by health literacy: an observational study in Vietnam. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024; 15:33-44. [PMID: 38481048 PMCID: PMC10982660 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a "social vaccine" that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnam from December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (using the 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. RESULTS Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD. Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63-2.12; p<0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99; p=0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; p=0.001). CONCLUSION Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Thi Vo
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tien Duc Dao
- Institute of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Military Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Van Duong
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tan Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
- Director Office, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Binh Nhu Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Military Science, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tinh Xuan Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khue Minh Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Hai Vu
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Linh Van Pham
- Department of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Diseases, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Lien Thi Hong Nguyen
- Department of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Diseases, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Huong Le
- Director Office, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
- Training and Direction of Healthcare Activity Center, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
- Biochemistry Department, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Cong Nguyen
- Director Office, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
- President Office, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Nga Hoang Dang
- Training and Direction of Healthcare Activity Center, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
- Department of Quality Control, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | | | - Anh The Nguyen
- Director Office, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hai Duong, Vietnam
| | - Hoan Van Nguyen
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | | | - Hoai Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Training and Direction of Healthcare Activity Center, Kien An Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Thu Thi Minh Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thuy Thi Le
- President Office, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Quoc Tran
- Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Kien Trung Nguyen
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Marakshina J, Adamovich T, Vasin G, Ismatullina V, Lobaskova M, Malykh A, Kolyasnikov P, Tabueva A, Zakharov I, Malykh S. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale in Russian adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:775. [PMID: 38191640 PMCID: PMC10774267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study involved a psychometric analysis of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). To investigate the Russian version of the PSS-10 for adolescents, 3530 adolescents aged 13-17 years were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the data corresponded to the expected two-factor configuration. Psychometric properties and factor structure were evaluated. As expected, the PSS-10 included two factors: perceived helplessness and perceived self-efficacy. Internal consistency demonstrated acceptable values (Cronbach's alpha was 0.82 for perceived helplessness, 0.77 for perceived self-efficacy, and 0.80 for the overall PSS score). Measurement invariance across sexes was assessed, and configural and metric invariance were confirmed. The developed diagnostic tool can be used both in the school system to alleviate the negative consequences of academic stress in adolescents and, in the future, in other areas, particularly in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Marakshina
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Timofey Adamovich
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Victoria Ismatullina
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marina Lobaskova
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Artem Malykh
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pavel Kolyasnikov
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Anna Tabueva
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Zakharov
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Center of Population Research, Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
- Developmental Behavioral Genetics Lab, Federal Research Centre of Psychological and Interdisciplinary Studies, Moscow, Russia.
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10
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Anderson AR, Ostermiller L. The clustering of lifestyle behaviors in U.S. college students: a network approach. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38039416 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2283740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College student mental health has been decreasing and lifestyle factors may be an important factor in improving mental health. These behaviors may cluster together in complex ways, which could impact the success of lifestyle interventions. Participants: Two samples of U.S. undergraduate college students were drawn from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment (NCHA). The data were collected in Fall of 2019 (N = 30,075) and Spring of 2021 (N = 70,059). Methods: Students responded to various health and well-being related questions. Network models were used to examine how lifestyle behaviors cluster together and additional models contained both lifestyle behaviors and health and well-being outcomes. Results: Lifestyle clustering was found, and some similar patterns were seen across time periods and across levels of psychological distress. Conclusions: Individual lifestyle behaviors exist within a complex lifestyle network, which may need to be accounted for in lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen R Anderson
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lindsey Ostermiller
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
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11
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Liu T, Zhao Z, Wu C, Lu C, Liu M, An X, Sha Z, Wang X, Luo Z, Chen L, Liu C, Cao P, Zhang D, Jiang R. Impact of COVID-19 infection experience on mental health status of intensive care unit patients' family members: a real-world study. QJM 2023; 116:903-910. [PMID: 37498557 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Family members of patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) are susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes. However, there is a paucity of studies specifically examining the mental health symptoms in ICU patients' family members with a prior history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. AIM This study aimed to investigate mental health status and its influencing factors of ICU patients' family members with previous COVID-19 infection experience in China. DESIGN Nationwide, cross-sectional cohort of consecutive participants of family members of ICU patients from 10 provinces randomly selected in mainland China conducted between October 2022 and May 2023. METHODS The basic information scale, Self-rating depression scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Perceived Stress Scale, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were employed to explore mental health status among participants. RESULTS A total of 463 participants, comprising 156 individuals in Covid-19 family member cohort (infection group) and 307 individuals in control family member cohort (control group), met inclusion criteria. The infection group exhibited significantly higher incidence of composite mental health symptoms compared to control group (P = 0.017). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that being female, engaging in physical/mental labor, residing in rural areas, and having children were identified as risk factors for the development of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, while medical history of surgery was protective factor. A predictive model demonstrated a favorable discriminative ability and excellent calibration. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection experience regarded as new traumatic stressors worsen mental health status of ICU patients' family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - C Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - C Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - X An
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z Sha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - P Cao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - D Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - R Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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12
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Zrnić Novaković I, Streicher A, Ajduković D, Ajduković M, Kiralj Lacković J, Lotzin A, Lueger-Schuster B. Trajectories of Adjustment Disorder and Well-Being in Austria and Croatia during 20 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6861. [PMID: 37835131 PMCID: PMC10572495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the trajectories of adjustment disorder (AD) symptoms and well-being over 20 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria and Croatia. Further objectives of this study were to examine whether sociodemographic characteristics and the symptoms of anxiety and depression could predict these trajectories. As part of the pan-European ESTSS ADJUST study, N = 1144 individuals were recruited using convenience sampling and assessed four times between June 2020 and January 2022 through an online survey. Latent growth curve modelling was applied to estimate the trajectories of AD symptoms and well-being. Over time, the prevalence of probable AD varied between 9.8% and 15.1%. The symptoms of AD tended to increase, whereas well-being tended to decrease. According to the majority of the models tested, women, participants from Austria and those with lower income had higher initial AD symptoms, whereas older participants and those from Croatia had higher initial well-being. In all models and at all timepoints, anxiety and depression significantly predicted AD and well-being scores. Overall, our study points to several predictors of AD and well-being and indicates high variability in people's reactions to the pandemic. Psychosocial support for the general population is needed during pandemics and similar crises, with a special focus on vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zrnić Novaković
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.L.-S.)
| | - Alina Streicher
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.L.-S.)
| | - Dean Ajduković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.A.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Marina Ajduković
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jana Kiralj Lacković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.A.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.L.-S.)
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13
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Harrop E, Medeiros Mirra R, Goss S, Longo M, Byrne A, Farnell DJJ, Seddon K, Penny A, Machin L, Sivell S, Selman LE. Prolonged grief during and beyond the pandemic: factors associated with levels of grief in a four time-point longitudinal survey of people bereaved in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1215881. [PMID: 37794891 PMCID: PMC10546414 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been a devastating and enduring mass-bereavement event, with uniquely difficult sets of circumstances experienced by people bereaved at this time. However, little is known about the long-term consequences of these experiences, including the prevalence of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) and other conditions in pandemic-bereaved populations. Methods A longitudinal survey of people bereaved in the UK between 16 March 2020 and 2 January 2021, with data collected at baseline (n = 711), c. 8 (n = 383), 13 (n = 295), and 25 (n = 185) months post-bereavement. Using measures of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) (Traumatic Grief Inventory), grief vulnerability (Adult Attitude to Grief Scale), and social support (Inventory of Social Support), this analysis examines how participant characteristics, characteristics of the deceased and pandemic-related circumstances (e.g., restricted visiting, social isolation, social support) are associated with grief outcomes, with a focus on symptoms of PGD. Results At baseline, 628 (88.6%) of participants were female, with a mean age of 49.5 (SD 12.9). 311 (43.8%) deaths were from confirmed/suspected COVID-19. Sample demographics were relatively stable across time points. 34.6% of participants met the cut-off for indicated PGD at c. 13 months bereaved and 28.6% at final follow-up. Social isolation and loneliness in early bereavement and lack of social support over time strongly contributed to higher levels of prolonged grief symptoms, while feeling well supported by healthcare professionals following the death was associated with reduced levels of prolonged grief symptoms. Characteristics of the deceased most strongly associated with lower levels of prolonged grief symptoms, were a more distant relationship (e.g., death of a grandparent), an expected death and death occurring in a care-home. Participant characteristics associated with higher levels of prolonged grief symptoms included low level of formal education and existence of medical conditions. Conclusion Results suggest higher than expected levels of PGD compared with pre-pandemic times, with important implications for bereavement policy, provision and practice now (e.g., strengthening of social and specialist support) and in preparedness for future pandemics and mass-bereavement events (e.g., guidance on infection control measures and rapid support responses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Harrop
- Division of Population Medicine, Marie Curie Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Silvia Goss
- Division of Population Medicine, Marie Curie Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mirella Longo
- Division of Population Medicine, Marie Curie Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Byrne
- Division of Population Medicine, Marie Curie Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathy Seddon
- Division of Population Medicine, Marie Curie Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Penny
- National Bereavement Alliance, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Machin
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Sivell
- Division of Population Medicine, Marie Curie Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy E. Selman
- Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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14
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Bemath N, Israel N, Hassem T. Mental health patterns of physiotherapists in South Africa during COVID-19. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2023; 79:1881. [PMID: 37575886 PMCID: PMC10416545 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v79i1.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While attention has been drawn to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers generally, little is known regarding mental health changes over time in frontline and non-frontline physiotherapists during this period. Objectives Our study aimed to investigate differences in mental health trends among frontline and non-frontline physiotherapists across three time periods during the pandemic. Method Survey-based data were collected from 366 practising physiotherapists across three time periods during the pandemic (Time 1: n = 171; Time 2: n = 101; Time 3: n = 94). Variations in reported mental health of frontline and non-frontline respondents generally and over time were analysed using comparative statistical techniques and trend analysis. Results Frontline physiotherapists reported significantly lower levels of general mental well-being and resilience, and significantly higher levels of burnout and maladaptive strategy use. Only frontline physiotherapists' general mental well-being and resilience decreased over time, whereas depression decreased over time for both groups. Anxiety decreased over time for non-frontline physiotherapists but initially decreased and then increased for frontline physiotherapists. Burnout increased initially and then decreased for non-frontline physiotherapists. Conclusion Varying mental health trends were found between frontline and non-frontline physiotherapists over time. Nuanced mental health interventions that consider the period of the pandemic and degree of exposure are needed. Clinical implications Understandings of the mental health trajectories experienced by physiotherapists across the pandemic can inform long-term, targeted interventions that effectively enhance well-being, retention, and sustainability of practitioners, and thus the care delivered, in the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeelah Bemath
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicky Israel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tasneem Hassem
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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15
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Zeng F, John WCM, Sun X, Wang Y. COVID-19-associated impact and post-traumatic stress symptoms 39 days after pandemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese college students: the mediating effecting of past stressful events, psychological resilience, and social support. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:379. [PMID: 37254082 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 outbreak, most Chinese college students were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. COVID-19-associated impact has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of post-traumatic symptoms disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the psychological processes that mediate this association. This study investigated the association between COVID-19-associated impact and PTSD and examined whether past stressful events, psychological resilience, and social support have mediating effects on this association. METHODS The 12,397 valid responses from 31cities in China via an online survey assessed PTSD symptoms, past stressful events, psychological resilience, social support and social-demographic variables. AMOS was used to test the hypotheses of mediating effects. RESULTS On the 39th day of the declared COVID-19 epidemic in China, 6.75% of the surveyed sample showed PTSD symptoms. A positive mediating effect of past stressful events was found between COVID-19-associated impact and PTSD, whereas psychological resilience and social support had negative mediating effects. The fit indices for the path model were found to be significant (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), COVID-19-associated impact indirectly affects the risk of PTSD through mediating pathways (past stressful events → psychological resilience → social support) on PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Attention should be paid to the effects of past stressful events of Chinese college students who were home-quarantined during the COVID-19 epidemic, and strategies should also be implemented to improve social support and develop psychological resilience. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Southwest Minzu University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Zeng
- Mental Health Education Centre of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wong Chee Meng John
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital & National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueli Sun
- Mental Health Centre of West China Hospital in Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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16
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Asgari M, Ghasemzadeh M, Alimohamadi A, Sakhaei S, Killikelly C, Nikfar E. Investigation into Grief Experiences of the Bereaved During the Covid-19 Pandemic. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231173075. [PMID: 37184963 PMCID: PMC10189522 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231173075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the grief experiences of people affected by COVID-19. The study adopted a qualitative design of descriptive phenomenology. Fifteen adults who had lost a family member during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected as the sample through the purposive sampling method until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and the Colaizzi analysis method. Six main themes (i.e., unexpressed grief, psychosomatic reactions, negative emotions, family problems, and social and occupational problems) were extracted. Data analysis showed that complex disenfranchised grief is the pervasive consequence of the COVID-19 experience. According to the findings, participants experienced disenfranchised grief during the loss of their loved ones due to the COVID-19 disease, which was a complex, painful experience accompanied by negative emotions and family, work, and social tensions. This grief is accompanied by more severe and prolonged symptoms, making it difficult for the bereaved to return to normal life. In unexpressed grieving, there are intense feelings of grief, pain, separation, despair, emptiness, low self-esteem, bitterness, or longing for the presence of the deceased. This grief originated from the conditions of quarantine and physical distance on the one hand, which required the control of the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease, and on the other hand, the cultural-religious context of the Iranian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asgari
- Department of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Clinical and General
Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asgar Alimohamadi
- Department of Psychology and Education of
Exceptional Children, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Sakhaei
- Department of Educational Science and
Counselling, College of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clare Killikelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elham Nikfar
- Department of Clinical and General
Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Akdağ S, Korkmaz B, Tiftik T, Uzer T. Ruminative reminiscence predicts COVID-related stress symptoms while reflective reminiscence and social reminiscence predict post-COVID growth. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37359596 PMCID: PMC10175912 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Reminiscence refers to the process or act of thinking or telling about past experiences. Few studies address the relationship between reminiscence functions and trauma-related cognitions and emotions. This study aimed to expand the previous literature by investigating the frequency of different types of reminiscence during the COVID-19 pandemic and their relations to the likelihood of developing post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), using an adult sample. Altogether, 184 participants (Mage = 30.38; SD = 10.95) completed the Reminiscence Functions Scale to report the purposes for which they shared their experiences during the first two waves of COVID-19. They also responded to the COVID-Transitional Impact Scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, Revised Form of The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, when considering the first two waves of COVID-19. The results demonstrated that pro-social reminiscence and self-positive reminiscence were significantly more common than self-negative reminiscence. Yet, these differences disappeared when the presence of COVID virus was controlled. Pro-social and self-positive reminiscence significantly predicted PTG beyond demographic characteristics, COVID-19 impact, social support, and resilience. In contrast, only self-negative reminiscence predicted PTSD beyond COVID-19 impact and demographic characteristics. Furthermore, serial mediation analysis indicated that pro-social reminiscence predicted PTG via its association with perceived social support and resilience. Our findings suggest the benefit of using reminiscence therapy-type interventions to facilitate PTG and reduce PTSD after large-scale disasters like pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simay Akdağ
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv. No. 48, 06420 Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
| | - Bilge Korkmaz
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv. No. 48, 06420 Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Tiftik
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv. No. 48, 06420 Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
| | - Tuğba Uzer
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv. No. 48, 06420 Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
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18
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Li S, Liu S, Zhang P, Lin Y, Cui Y, Gu Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Zhang B. Suicidal ideation in the general population in China after the COVID-19 pandemic was initially controlled. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:834-840. [PMID: 36529410 PMCID: PMC9754752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic increases the risk of psychological problems including suicidal ideation (SI) in the general population. In this study, we investigated the risk factors of SI after the COVID-19 pandemic was initially controlled in China. METHODS We conducted an online questionnaire via JD Health APP in China in June 2020. Demographic data, feelings and experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic and psychological problems were collected. The participants (n = 14,690) were divided into the non-SI and SI groups. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the correlates of SI. RESULTS Nine percent of the participants (1328/14690) reported SI. The regression analysis showed that SI was positively associated with ethnic minority (OR = 1.42 [1.08-1.85]), age (e.g. 18-30 years: OR = 2.31 [1.67-3.20]), having history of mental disorders (OR = 2.75 [2.27-3.35]), daily life disturbance due to health problems (OR = 1.67 [1.38-2.01]), being around someone with the COVID-19 (OR = 1.58 [1.30-1.91]), being uncertain about effective disease control (OR = 1.23 [1.03-1.46]), and having depressive symptoms (OR = 4.40 [3.59-5.39]), insomnia symptoms (OR = 2.49 [2.13-2.90]) or psychological distress (OR = 1.87 [1.59-2.18]). LIMITATIONS The main limitation is that the cross-sectional design of this study could not allow us to further explore the causality of SI. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of SI was relatively high in general population after the COVID-19 pandemic was initially controlled in China. SI should be monitored continually after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain - Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain - Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Puxiao Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanmei Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain - Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingru Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain - Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain - Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain - Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain - Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Hong M, Yi EHG, Kim H. Ethnoracial Disparities in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brief Report. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:336-340. [PMID: 36255221 PMCID: PMC9579819 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221134370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-identified vulnerability of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear about their experiences with COVID-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology (COVID-PTSD). This study examined ethnoracial disparities in the level of, and factors associated with, COVID-PTSD using a national data set, including 1926 Whites and 488 ethnoracial minorities. Results showed that ethnoracial minorities reported a greater COVID-PTSD than Whites. COVID-related distress was the common risk factor of COVID-PTSD for the both groups. Being a female and greater social support were associated with COVID-PTSD only for Whites, whereas higher education, greater IADL and fewer ADL limitations were associated with COVID-PTSD for ethnoracial minorities. The findings provided preliminary, but generalizable understanding of ethnoracial disparities in COVID-PTSD, among the Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michin Hong
- School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Michin Hong, Indiana University, 902 W. New York St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Eun-Hye Grace Yi
- Department of Social Work, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - HaeJung Kim
- School of Public Policy and Civic Engagement, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Tang YM, Wu TL, Liu HT. Causal Model Analysis of the Effect of Formalism, Fear of Infection, COVID-19 Stress on Firefighters' Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome and Insomnia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1097. [PMID: 36673852 PMCID: PMC9859103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the front line of epidemic prevention, firefighters are responsible for the transportation of infected cases. Firefighters are under a lot of stress from the new COVID-19, especially the fear that they may contract the virus at work and spread the virus to their families. In particular, the framework of this study incorporates Riggs' formalism variables. When firefighters think that the epidemic prevention regulations are inconsistent with the actual epidemic prevention, it will increase their work pressure on COVID-19. In this study, firefighters from all over Taiwan were used as the respondents, and a total of 453 respondents were obtained. This study uses confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to test the established hypotheses. The findings confirm that formalism, fear of self and family infection are positively influencing COVID-19 stress. COVID-19 stress positively affects PTSD and insomnia. COVID-19 stress negatively affects problem-focused strategies. Problem-focused strategies negatively affect post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ming Tang
- Asia Pacific Society of Fire Engineering, Kaohsiung City 825, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Wu
- Department of Leisure Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Te Liu
- Department of Public Affairs and Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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21
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Cao Y, Siu JYM, Choi KS, Ho NCL, Wong KC, Shum DHK. Using knowledge of, attitude toward, and daily preventive practices for COVID-19 to predict the level of post-traumatic stress and vaccine acceptance among adults in Hong Kong. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1103903. [PMID: 36619126 PMCID: PMC9815759 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has been perceived as an event triggering a new type of post-traumatic stress (PTSD) that can live during and after the pandemic itself. However, it remains unclear whether such PTSD is partly related to people's knowledge of, attitude toward and daily behavioral practices (KAP) for COVID-19. Methods Through a telephone survey, we collected responses from 3,011 adult Hong Kong residents. Then using the Catboost machine learning method, we examined whether KAP predicted the participant's PTSD level, vaccine acceptance and participation in voluntary testing. Results Results suggested that having good preventative practices for, poor knowledge of, and negative attitude toward COVID-19 were associated with greater susceptibility to PTSD. Having a positive attitude and good compliance with preventative practices significantly predicted willingness to get vaccinated and participate in voluntary testing. Good knowledge of COVID-19 predicted engagement in testing but showed little association with vaccine acceptance. Discussion To maintain good mental health and ongoing vaccine acceptance, it is important to foster people's sense of trust and belief in health professionals' and government's ability to control COVID-19, in addition to strengthening people's knowledge of and compliance with preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Judy Yuen-man Siu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kup-Sze Choi
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,Centre for Smart Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nick Cho-lik Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,Centre for Smart Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Chun Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: David H. K. Shum, ✉
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22
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Lotzin A, Krause L, Acquarini E, Ajdukovic D, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Ardino V, Bondjers K, Böttche M, Dragan M, Figueiredo-Braga M, Gelezelyte O, Grajewski P, Javakhishvili JD, Kazlauskas E, Lenferink L, Lioupi C, Lueger-Schuster B, Mooren T, Sales L, Stevanovic A, Sveen J, Tsiskarishvili L, Zrnic Novakovic I, Schäfer I. Risk and protective factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic - findings from a pan-European study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2138099. [PMID: 38872598 PMCID: PMC9683042 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS N = 4,607 trauma-exposed adult participants were recruited from the general population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.The prevalence for probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 17.7%.We identified risk factors (e.g. poor health condition) and protective factors (e.g. social contact) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Kristina Bondjers
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Forschungsabteilung, Zentrum ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lonneke Lenferink
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- Psychology Program, School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Sales
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Stevanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Josefin Sveen
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Irina Zrnic Novakovic
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Subica AM, Guerrero EG, Martin TKK, Okamoto SK, Aitaoto N, Moss HB, Morey BN, Wu LT. Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander alcohol, tobacco and other drug use, mental health and treatment need in the United States during COVID-19. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1653-1663. [PMID: 35953887 PMCID: PMC9539247 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Before COVID-19, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NH/PI) endured a heavy burden of alcohol, tobacco and other drug (ATOD) use in prior US data. Responding to reports that many NH/PI communities experienced severe COVID-19 disparities that could exacerbate their ATOD burden, we partnered with NH/PI communities to assess the substance use patterns and treatment needs of diverse NH/PIs during COVID-19. METHODS Collaborating with NH/PI community organisations across five states with large NH/PI populations, we conducted a large-scale investigation of NH/PI ATOD use, mental health and treatment need during COVID-19. Between April and November 2021, NH/PI-heritage research staff from our community partners collected data involving 306 NH/PI adults using several community-based recruitment methods (e-mail, telephone, in-person) and two survey approaches: online and paper-and-pencil. Multivariate regressions were conducted to examine potential predictors of NH/PI alcohol use disorder and need for behavioural health treatment. RESULTS During COVID-19, 47% and 22% of NH/PI adults reported current alcohol and cigarette use, while 35% reported lifetime illicit substance use (e.g., cannabis, opioid). Depression and anxiety were high, and alcohol use disorder, major depression and generalised anxiety disorder prevalence were 27%, 27% and 19%, respectively. One-third of participants reported past-year treatment need with lifetime illicit substance use, COVID-19 distress and major depression respectively associating with 3.0, 1.2, and 5.3 times greater adjusted odds for needing treatment. CONCLUSIONS NH/PI adults reported heavy ATOD use, depression, anxiety and treatment need during COVID-19. Targeted research and treatment services may be warranted to mitigate COVID-19's negative behavioural health impact on NH/PI communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Subica
- Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Erick G. Guerrero
- Research to End Healthcare Disparities Corp, I-Lead Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Scott K. Okamoto
- School of Social Work, Hawai‘i Pacific University, Honolulu, USA
| | - Nia Aitaoto
- Pacific Islander Center of Primary Care Excellence, Oakland, USA
| | - Howard B. Moss
- Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Brittany N. Morey
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Li-Tzy Wu
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, USA
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24
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Low assets predict persistent depression through living difficulties amid large-scale disasters: A cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:282-290. [PMID: 35872246 PMCID: PMC9304334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In face of large-scale disasters, persons with fewer assets are at greater risk of persistent poorer mental health than persons with more assets. Everyday daily routine disruptions and financial hardship could mediate this association. METHODS This prospective population-representative study in Hong Kong aimed to investigate the relation between assets during the acute phase of COVID-19 (February-August 2020, T1) and persistent probable depression from T1 to March-August 2021 (T2), as well as the mediating effects of daily routine disruptions and financial hardship on the assets-depression association. RESULTS Low assets at T1 prospectively related to persistent probable depression from T1 to T2. Primary routine disruptions (i.e., healthy eating and sleep) at T1 and financial hardship at T2 were found to fully mediate the association between T1 assets and persistent probable depression. LIMITATIONS Persistent probable depression reported on the PHQ-9 should be further verified with clinical diagnoses/interviews. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a global economic downturn. Persons who have fewer assets could be at greater risk of depression during this period. Our findings suggest a need to provide behavioral and financial assistance to persons with fewer assets in the short run and a need to ensure that everyone has adequate assets to mitigate the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the long run.
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25
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Felter J, Baker A, Lieberman L, Fein J, Reidy MC, Showstark M. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trauma-Informed Care. J Physician Assist Educ 2022; 33:264-269. [PMID: 35917473 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Felter
- Jeanne Felter, PhD, LPC , is chair and an associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Behavioral Health at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Amy Baker, MS, PA-C , is director and a professor in the Physician Assistant Program at West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania
- Leslie Lieberman, MSW , is senior director of training and organizational development for the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Joel Fein, MD, MPH , is a professor of pediatrics and emergency medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and an attending physician in emergency medicine and co-director of the Center for Violence Prevention at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Clare Reidy, RN, MPH , is director of collaborative partnerships at the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Showstark, MPAS, PA-C , is an adjunct assistant professor at the Yale School of Medicine/ Yale Institute for Global Health at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amy Baker
- Jeanne Felter, PhD, LPC , is chair and an associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Behavioral Health at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Amy Baker, MS, PA-C , is director and a professor in the Physician Assistant Program at West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania
- Leslie Lieberman, MSW , is senior director of training and organizational development for the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Joel Fein, MD, MPH , is a professor of pediatrics and emergency medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and an attending physician in emergency medicine and co-director of the Center for Violence Prevention at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Clare Reidy, RN, MPH , is director of collaborative partnerships at the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Showstark, MPAS, PA-C , is an adjunct assistant professor at the Yale School of Medicine/ Yale Institute for Global Health at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Leslie Lieberman
- Jeanne Felter, PhD, LPC , is chair and an associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Behavioral Health at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Amy Baker, MS, PA-C , is director and a professor in the Physician Assistant Program at West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania
- Leslie Lieberman, MSW , is senior director of training and organizational development for the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Joel Fein, MD, MPH , is a professor of pediatrics and emergency medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and an attending physician in emergency medicine and co-director of the Center for Violence Prevention at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Clare Reidy, RN, MPH , is director of collaborative partnerships at the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Showstark, MPAS, PA-C , is an adjunct assistant professor at the Yale School of Medicine/ Yale Institute for Global Health at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joel Fein
- Jeanne Felter, PhD, LPC , is chair and an associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Behavioral Health at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Amy Baker, MS, PA-C , is director and a professor in the Physician Assistant Program at West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania
- Leslie Lieberman, MSW , is senior director of training and organizational development for the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Joel Fein, MD, MPH , is a professor of pediatrics and emergency medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and an attending physician in emergency medicine and co-director of the Center for Violence Prevention at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Clare Reidy, RN, MPH , is director of collaborative partnerships at the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Showstark, MPAS, PA-C , is an adjunct assistant professor at the Yale School of Medicine/ Yale Institute for Global Health at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Clare Reidy
- Jeanne Felter, PhD, LPC , is chair and an associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Behavioral Health at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Amy Baker, MS, PA-C , is director and a professor in the Physician Assistant Program at West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania
- Leslie Lieberman, MSW , is senior director of training and organizational development for the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Joel Fein, MD, MPH , is a professor of pediatrics and emergency medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and an attending physician in emergency medicine and co-director of the Center for Violence Prevention at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Clare Reidy, RN, MPH , is director of collaborative partnerships at the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Showstark, MPAS, PA-C , is an adjunct assistant professor at the Yale School of Medicine/ Yale Institute for Global Health at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Showstark
- Jeanne Felter, PhD, LPC , is chair and an associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Behavioral Health at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Amy Baker, MS, PA-C , is director and a professor in the Physician Assistant Program at West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania
- Leslie Lieberman, MSW , is senior director of training and organizational development for the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Joel Fein, MD, MPH , is a professor of pediatrics and emergency medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and an attending physician in emergency medicine and co-director of the Center for Violence Prevention at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Clare Reidy, RN, MPH , is director of collaborative partnerships at the Health Federation of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mary Showstark, MPAS, PA-C , is an adjunct assistant professor at the Yale School of Medicine/ Yale Institute for Global Health at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Fishere M, Bartoli E. COVID-19 and risk of retraumatization in adults with a past exposure to potentially traumatic events: A cross-cultural exploration across Egypt, Germany, and Italy. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2578-2596. [PMID: 35143056 PMCID: PMC9088242 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to: (1) explore the links between past exposure to potentially traumatic events, fear of contracting COVID-19 and perceived stress; (2) investigate how the exposure to traumagenic experiences affects one's locus of control over their health; and (3) examine fear, stress reactions and differences in health locus of control across three different sociocultural contexts. METHODS A total of 524 adult participants were recruited from Egypt, Germany, and Italy through online channels. Self-reporting instruments were used to assess previous exposure to potentially traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, fear of COVID-19, perceived stress, and health locus of control. RESULTS Our findings highlight differences in reaction to COVID-19 in relation to past exposure to potentially traumatic events and country of residence, both of which may inform tailored community-based intervention practices. CONCLUSION The impact of COVID-19 might be particularly disruptive for people who survived potentially traumatic experiences. Nevertheless, the mass mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic varies across different sociocultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Fishere
- Department of PsychologyGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
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27
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Longitudinal Predictors of Coronavirus-Related PTSD among Young Adults from Poland, Germany, Slovenia, and Israel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127207. [PMID: 35742455 PMCID: PMC9222994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal longitudinal predictors of coronavirus-related PTSD and the moderating roles of country, sex, age, and student status among young adults from Poland, Germany, Slovenia, and Israel. We included the following predictors: perceived stress, exposure to COVID-19, perceived impact of COVID-19 on well-being in socioeconomic status (PNIC-SES) and social relationships (PNIC-SR), fear of COVID-19, fear of vaccination, and trust in institutions. We conducted the study online among a representative sample of 1723 young adults aged 20–40 (M = 30.74, SD = 5.74) years in February 2021 (T1) and May–June 2021 (T2). We used McNemar’s χ2 and the paired samples Student’s t-test to test differences over time. We assessed the relationships between variables using Pearson’s correlation. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the associations between variables at T1 and T2. We used a lagged regression model to examine the causal influences between variables across different time points (T1 and T2). The results showed that all variables decreased over time, except exposure to COVID-19. The rates of infected, tested, and under-quarantine participants increased. The rates of those who lost a job and experienced worsening economic status decreased. The rate of hospitalized participants and those experiencing the loss of close ones did not change. Higher perceived stress, fear of COVID-19, fear of vaccination, and trust in institutions were significant longitudinal predictors of coronavirus-related PTSD regardless of country, sex, age, and student status. Institutions should provide more accurate programs for public health, so trust in institutions can be a protective and not a risk factor in future traumatic events.
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28
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Mullins RJ, Meeker TJ, Vinch PM, Tulloch IK, Saffer MI, Chien JH, Bienvenu OJ, Lenz FA. A Cross-Sectional Time Course of COVID-19 Related Worry, Perceived Stress, and General Anxiety in the Context of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-like Symptomatology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7178. [PMID: 35742432 PMCID: PMC9222603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic within the United States of America resulted in over 800,000 deaths as of February 2022 and has been addressed by social distancing or stay-at-home measures. Collective prolonged multimodal trauma on this scale is likely to elicit symptomatology in the general population consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), somatization, anxiety, and stress. The psychological component of this response contributes substantially to the burden of this disease worldwide. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between COVID-19-related concern, anxiety, and perceived stress on PTSD-like symptomatology over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited via social media within the United States of America between 8th May 2020 and 11th August 2021 to complete an internet questionnaire including mood, personality, and COVID-19-specific scales. General anxiety and PTSD-like symptomatology were above the screening cutoffs for most respondents. These measures increased in severity over the pandemic, with the change point of our Concern scale preceding that of the other significant measures. Measures of COVID-19-related concern, generalized anxiety, and PTSD-like symptomatology were strongly correlated with each other. Anxiety, perceived stress, and PTSD-like symptomatology are strongly interrelated, increase with pandemic length, and are linked to reported levels of concern over COVID-19. These observations may aid future research and policy as the pandemic continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. Mullins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.J.M.); (P.M.V.); (M.I.S.); (J.-H.C.); (F.A.L.)
| | - Timothy J. Meeker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.J.M.); (P.M.V.); (M.I.S.); (J.-H.C.); (F.A.L.)
| | - Paige M. Vinch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.J.M.); (P.M.V.); (M.I.S.); (J.-H.C.); (F.A.L.)
| | - Ingrid K. Tulloch
- Department of Psychology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA;
| | - Mark I. Saffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.J.M.); (P.M.V.); (M.I.S.); (J.-H.C.); (F.A.L.)
| | - Jui-Hong Chien
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.J.M.); (P.M.V.); (M.I.S.); (J.-H.C.); (F.A.L.)
| | - O. Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Frederick A. Lenz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.J.M.); (P.M.V.); (M.I.S.); (J.-H.C.); (F.A.L.)
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Rivest-Beauregard M, Fortin J, Guo C, Cipolletta S, Sapkota RP, Lonergan M, Brunet A. Media Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e33011. [PMID: 3553703 PMCID: PMC9177167 DOI: 10.2196/33011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout the pandemic, the general population was encouraged to use media to be kept informed about sanitary measures while staying connected with others to obtain social support. However, due to mixed findings in the literature, it is not clear whether media use in such a context would be pathogenic or salutogenic. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the associations between COVID-19-related stressors and frequency of media use for information-seeking on trauma- and stressor-related (TSR) symptoms were examined while also investigating how social media use for support-seeking and peritraumatic distress interact with those variables. METHODS A path model was tested in a sample of 5913 adults who completed an online survey. RESULTS The number of COVID-19-related stressors (β=.25; P<.001) and extent of information-seeking through media (β=.24; P=.006) were significantly associated with the severity of TSR symptoms in bivariate comparisons. Associations between levels of peritraumatic distress and both COVID-19-related stressors and information-seeking through media, and social media use for support- and information-seeking through media were found (βCOVID-19 stressors: Peritraumatic Distress Inventory=.49, P<.001; βseeking information: Peritraumatic Distress Inventory=.70, P<.001; βseeking information-seeking support=.04, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that exposure to COVID-19-related stressors and seeking COVID-19-related information through the media are associated with higher levels of peritraumatic distress that, in turn, lead to higher levels of TSR symptoms. Although exposure to the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic may be unavoidable, the frequency of COVID-19-related information consumption through various media should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Rivest-Beauregard
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Psychosocial Research, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Fortin
- Division of Psychosocial Research, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Connie Guo
- Division of Psychosocial Research, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ram P Sapkota
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle Lonergan
- Division of Psychosocial Research, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Brunet
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Psychosocial Research, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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30
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Kira IA, Al Ibrahim B, Aljakoub J, Shuwiekh HAM. The Effects of Torture in the Context of COVID-19 and Continuous Type III Trauma’s Variants: The Peri-Post Type III Trauma Mental Health Syndrome in Syrian Torture Survivors. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2022.2070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Aref Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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31
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Liu CH, Koire A, Erdei C, Mittal L. Subjective social status, COVID-19 health worries, and mental health symptoms in perinatal women. SSM Popul Health 2022; 18:101116. [PMID: 35582494 PMCID: PMC9098429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women and those who have recently given birth are considered an at-risk population during the COVID-19 pandemic with regards to the impact of both general stress and pandemic-related stressors. The extent to which subjective social status (SSS), one's perception of relative standing compared to others in a social hierarchy, might mitigate the effects of COVID-19-related health worries on mental health has not yet been reported, despite SSS often outperforming socioeconomic status as a predictor of various health outcomes including depression. This cross-sectional survey study tested the moderating effect of SSS on association between COVID-19- related health worries and mental health symptoms (depressive and generalized anxiety) among a sample of 1,637 perinatal women from the United States who took part in the Perinatal Experiences and COVID-19 Effects (PEACE) Study between May 2020 and June 2021. We found that high subjective social status was protective against depressive symptoms when self-reported COVID-19-related worry was low. When COVID-19-related worry was high, subjective social status was no longer influential. Higher levels of COVID-19-related health worries were associated with more anxiety symptoms, and higher subjective social status did not moderate anxiety symptomatology at either level of COVID-19-related worry. Although higher SSS has historically been protective against mental health decline, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic it may not be sufficiently protective against anxiety, or against depression for those who experience high levels of worry regarding the effects of COVID-19 on health. We assessed perinatal women for mental health symptoms and subjective social status. High subjective social status protected against depression when COVID worry was low. When COVID worry was high, subjective social status didn't protect against depression. COVID-19-related health worries were associated with more anxiety symptoms. High subjective social status was not protective against anxiety symptoms.
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32
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Huarcaya-Victoria J, Villarreal-Rao B, Luna M, Rojas-Mendoza W, Alarcon-Ruiz CA, Villarreal-Zegarra D, Vilela-Estrada AL, Ramírez S. Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes in Hospital Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095346. [PMID: 35564741 PMCID: PMC9103531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: We investigated some of the factors associated with depression, perceived stress, and anxiety in clinical and nonclinical healthcare workers of two hospitals. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used. The sample included clinical (physicians, nurses, and others) and nonclinical (security and cleaning staff) healthcare workers of two tertiary hospitals in Peru. Participants completed an online self-survey. In the qualitative analysis, data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: We analyzed data from 613 participants, of which 8.6%, 9.0%, and 78.2% had moderate-to-severe anxiety, depression, and perceived stress, respectively. Having a previous mental health problem, being concerned about losing one’s job, having at least two COVID-19 symptoms in the preceding two weeks, and being afraid of infecting family members increased the prevalence of experiencing moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety. The qualitative analysis allowed us to identify five recurring factors that caused a negative impact on workers’ lives during the pandemic: emotional distress linked to hospital experiences of suffering and death, modification of routines, fear of COVID-19, exacerbation of mental disorders, and physical problems associated with emotional distress. Conclusions: Clinical and nonclinical healthcare workers in Peru have experienced depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research and interventions are necessary to improve psychological support for hospital workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru; (B.V.-R.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Beltran Villarreal-Rao
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru; (B.V.-R.); (M.L.)
| | - Matilde Luna
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru; (B.V.-R.); (M.L.)
| | - Wendoline Rojas-Mendoza
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima 15072, Peru;
| | | | - David Villarreal-Zegarra
- Dirección de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima 15046, Peru; (D.V.-Z.); (A.L.V.-E.)
| | - Ana L. Vilela-Estrada
- Dirección de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima 15046, Peru; (D.V.-Z.); (A.L.V.-E.)
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Koós M, Demetrovics Z, Griffiths MD, Bőthe B. No Significant Changes in Addictive and Problematic Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Lockdowns: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:837315. [PMID: 35496258 PMCID: PMC9043320 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 outbreak and related lockdowns brought substantial changes in people's lives and led to concerns about possible increases of addictive behaviors at the initial stages of the pandemic. To examine these concerns, the aim of the present study was to assess longitudinal changes in addictive and problematic behaviors (i.e., problematic social media use, Internet gaming disorder, gambling disorder, problematic pornography use, and compulsive sexual behavior disorder) over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Three waves of data collection took place in different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hungary in a general population, from the first wave of lockdowns to the second and third waves of restrictions (May, 2020; N T1 = 1747; June-August, 2020; N T2 = 656; January, 2021; N T3 = 411). Latent growth curve models were calculated to assess the potential changes in addictive and problematic behaviors over time. Results Latent growth curve models showed that the sample varied in their initial scores, but there were no significant changes over time in any of the examined behaviors, except for compulsive sexual behavior disorder, which demonstrated a small but significant increase (i.e., positive and significant slope factor). However, the rate of this change was negligible. Overall, there were no noteworthy changes over time regarding any of the examined addictive and problematic behaviors. Conclusion Contrary to initial concerns, no substantial changes over time were observed regarding the examined addictive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns. These findings indicate that those who had no previous problem with these addictive behaviors, might have not developed a problem, and those who had problem with either of the behaviors previously, might have not experienced a significant increase in their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Koós
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kira IA, Rice K, Ashby JS, Shuwiekh H, Ibraheem AB, Aljakoub J. Which Traumas Proliferate and Intensify COVID-19 Stressors? The Differential Role of Pre- and Concurrent Continuous Traumatic Stressors and Cumulative Dynamics in Two Communities: USA and Syria. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2022.2050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, & Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Ashby
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanaa Shuwiekh
- Department of Psychology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Szepietowska EM, Zawadzka E, Filipiak S. Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Sense of Gains and Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063504. [PMID: 35329192 PMCID: PMC8949522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was primarily designed to investigate the perception of changes in selected areas of life experienced by adults of various nationalities in connection to the long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic. The second objective was to identify the factors increasing the risk of perception of negative changes in life during the pandemic. The tools applied in the study include a self-report questionnaire designed to measure sociodemographic data and health status of the subjects, COVID-19 Sense of Life Changes Questionnaire, as well as the Impact of Event Scale: Revised. The study involved over 600 adult subjects. With increased intensity of intrusions, the likelihood of negative perception of the changes emerging as a result of the pandemic was reduced by approximately 7%, whereas a higher intensity of hyperarousal increased that risk. Individuals reporting a sense of negative changes presented a greater degree of hyperarousal compared to those reporting positive changes. In the group of subjects perceiving the changes in a positive way, increasing the intensity of intrusion and/or hyperarousal corresponded to a growing conviction about a negative nature of life changes concerning the relationship with their partner and affecting their work as well as regarding a positive meaning of the changes in relations with their parents and in daily life. Generally, there was a prevailing sense of negative changes; however, there was also a group of subjects that perceived these as positive. Intrusions and hyperarousal in certain individuals may play a role in motivating them to take action in protecting against effects of the pandemic and, in others, may lead to frustration and anxiety.
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Brog NA, Hegy JK, Berger T, Znoj H. Effects of an internet-based self-help intervention for psychological distress due to COVID-19: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2022; 27:100492. [PMID: 34956841 PMCID: PMC8684052 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and its far-reaching impact on physical and mental health generate high demand and, accordingly, a great need for treatment opportunities that promote well-being and manage psychological distress. Internet-based interventions are particularly suitable for this purpose. They are easily scalable, readily accessible, and the online format allows for adherence to social distancing. For this reason, we developed an internet-based self-help intervention called ROCO to address psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the efficacy of the ROCO intervention. METHODS A total of 107 German-speaking adults with at least mild depressive symptoms were randomized either to the intervention group with direct access to the three-week ROCO intervention plus care as usual or the waiting control group receiving care as usual. Primary outcome (depressive symptoms) and secondary outcomes (stress, anxiety, resilience, emotion regulation, health-related quality of life, embitterment, loneliness, optimism, and self-efficacy) were assessed pre- and post-treatment and at a 6-week follow-up using self-report questionnaires (e.g. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depressive symptoms). RESULTS The average age was 40.36 years (SD = 14.59) and 81.3% of participants were female. The intervention did not significantly reduce primary depressive symptoms (between-group effect size: d = 0.04) and secondary outcomes such as anxiety and stress symptoms (between-group effect size: d = -0.19). However, the intervention led to a significant increase in emotion regulation skills (between-group effect size d = 0.35) and resilience (between-group effect size d = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS The internet-based self-help intervention cannot be recommended for the purpose of reducing depressive symptoms. However, the increase in emotion regulation skills and resilience suggest that the intervention may be suitable for preventive purposes, like improving overall coping with psychological distress or potential stressors. Future research is needed to examine for whom and how the intervention is most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Anja Brog
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Katharina Hegy
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Znoj
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Kira IA, Aljakoub J, Al Ibraheem B, Shuwiekh HAM, Ashby JS. The Etiology of Complex PTSD in the COVID-19 and Continuous Traumatic Stressors Era: A Test of Competing and Allied Models. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2022.2028094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, Georgia, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Ye B, Wang R, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. Life history strategy and overeating during COVID-19 pandemic: a moderated mediation model of sense of control and coronavirus stress. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:158. [PMID: 34886906 PMCID: PMC8655717 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the mediating effect of sense of control and the moderating effect of coronavirus stress on the relationship between life history strategy and overeating among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 period. METHODS 3310 Chinese students (Mage = 19.74, SD = 1.50; 47% males) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding life history strategy, sense of control, overeating, and coronavirus stress. The data were analyzed using Pearson's r correlations and moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that control sense mediated the link between life history strategy and college students' overeating. College students' coronavirus stress moderated the associations between life history strategy and college students' sense of control and between control sense and overeating. The association between life history strategy and sense of control was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress, and the association between sense of control and overeating was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress. CONCLUSIONS This study identified that the critical factors were associated with overeating. On the one hand, the research deepens the application and interpretation of life history theory in the field of eating; on the other hand, it provides evidence for the prevention of overeating, and provides theoretical basis for psychological assistance among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
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Kira IA, Shuwiekh HA, Alhuwailah A, Balaghi D. Does COVID-19 Type III Continuous Existential Trauma Deplete the Traditional Coping, Diminish Health and Mental Health, and Kindle Spirituality?: An Exploratory Study on Arab Countries. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.2006501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA
- Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Moroń M, Yildirim M, Jach Ł, Nowakowska J, Atlas K. Exhausted due to the pandemic: Validation of Coronavirus Stress Measure and COVID-19 Burnout Scale in a Polish sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-10. [PMID: 34848937 PMCID: PMC8620313 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study validated Polish versions of the Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM) and the COVID-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS) to measure stress and burnout associated with COVID-19. Participants were 431 Polish young adults (72.6% female; Meanage = 26.61 ± 12.63). Confirmatory factor analysis verified a one-factor solution for both the CSM and the COVID-19-BS. Both scales had high internal consistency reliability. Coronavirus stress and COVID-19 burnout were positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress and negatively related to resilience. The coronavirus stress and COVID-19 burnout were correlated with elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress over and beyond resilience, age, and gender. Findings suggest that the Polish versions of the CSM and the COVID-19-BS are valid scales to measure stress and burnout related to COVID-19. Findings also demonstrated that the coronavirus stress and COVID-19 burnout experienced during the later stages of the pandemic might be a permanent risk factor for mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moroń
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia, 40-126, Grazynskiego Street 53, Katowice, Poland
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
- Department Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Łukasz Jach
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia, 40-126, Grazynskiego Street 53, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Nowakowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia, 40-126, Grazynskiego Street 53, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karina Atlas
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia, 40-126, Grazynskiego Street 53, Katowice, Poland
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Kira IA, Rihan Ibrahim ES, Shuwiekh HAM, Ashby JS. Does Intersected Discrimination Underlie the Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 Infection and Its Severity on Minorities? An Example from Jordan. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.1992224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Huarcaya-Victoria J, Barreto J, Aire L, Podestá A, Caqui M, Guija-Igreda R, Castillo C, Alarcon-Ruiz CA. Mental Health in COVID-2019 Survivors from a General Hospital in Peru: Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Inflammatory Variable Associations. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 21:1264-1285. [PMID: 34602915 PMCID: PMC8478369 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic constitutes a significant public health problem worldwide, as well as mental health problems. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health of COVID-19 survivors, considering their sociodemographic, clinical, and immune variables. A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted on 318 COVID-19 survivors from one hospital in Peru. Through telephone interviews, evaluation of the presence of depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, anxiety symptoms through the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, somatic symptoms through Patient Health Questionnaire-15, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms through Impact of Event Scale-Revised was carried out. Poisson regression analyses were performed with their adjusted variances to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) with their 95% confidence interval. All regression models were adjusted (PRa) for follow-up time. A significant proportion of patients have depressive (30.9%), anxious (31.1%), somatic (35.2%), and PTSD (29.5%) symptoms. The variables associated with a higher frequency of clinically relevant mental symptoms were female sex, self-perception of greater COVID-19 severity, presence of persistent COVID-19 symptoms, loss of a family member due to COVID-19, and prior psychiatric diagnosis or treatment. In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in patients with clinically relevant symptoms of depression. COVID-19 survivors showed a high prevalence of negative mental symptoms. Our findings help to identify patients who are vulnerable and require psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
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Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud
, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, EsSalud, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Av. Grau 800, Lima, Peru
| | - Jessica Barreto
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, EsSalud, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Av. Grau 800, Lima, Peru
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Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando
,
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
, Lima, Peru
| | - Lucia Aire
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, EsSalud, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Av. Grau 800, Lima, Peru
| | - Angela Podestá
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, EsSalud, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Av. Grau 800, Lima, Peru
| | - Mónica Caqui
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, EsSalud, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Av. Grau 800, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosa Guija-Igreda
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, EsSalud, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Av. Grau 800, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudia Castillo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, EsSalud, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Av. Grau 800, Lima, Peru
| | - Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz
-
Grupo de Investigacion Neurociencia, Efectividad Clínica y Salud Publica
,
Universidad Científica del Sur
, Lima, Peru
| |
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