1
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Scanlon F, Remch M, Scheidell JD, Brewer R, Dyer TV, Albis-Burdige B, Irvine N, Turpin R, Parker S, Cleland CM, Hucks-Ortiz C, Gaydos CA, Mayer KH, Khan MR. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Incarceration: The Impact on Sexual Risk-Taking, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Depression Among Black Sexual Minority Men in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2024; 25:44-56. [PMID: 38854997 PMCID: PMC11156418 DOI: 10.1037/men0000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Black men and people belonging to sexual minority groups are disproportionately impacted by criminal legal involvement and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Traumatic experiences are often associated with later criminal legal involvement, depression symptoms, sexual risk behavior, and STIs. Research on the joint influence of trauma and incarceration on STI risk among racial and/or sexual minority people is limited. This study tested the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and incarceration on sexual risk behavior and STI among Black sexual minority men, a population that may be at higher risk for contracting STIs. Using data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 Study, a longitudinal study of adult Black sexual minority men in six U.S. cities (N = 855), we tested associations between past six-month incarceration and subsequent sexual risk behavior, STI, and depression symptoms, for those with and without pre-incarceration PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were elevated among participants who reported Hispanic ethnicity, having sex with both men and women, and previous incarceration. Although there were not significant differences between recent incarceration and sexual risk for those with and without PTSD, incarceration was linked to some sexual risk behaviors regardless of PTSD symptoms. Among people with PTSD symptoms, there was a higher prevalence of sexual risk and depression symptoms, regardless of incarceration. These findings suggest a potentially compounding influence of PTSD symptoms and incarceration on sexual risk and infection among Black sexual minority men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Parker
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
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2
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Hotton AL, Lee F, Sheeler D, Ozik J, Collier N, Edali M, Ardestani BM, Brewer R, Schrode KM, Fujimoto K, Harawa NT, Schneider JA, Khanna AS. Impact of post-incarceration care engagement interventions on HIV transmission among young Black men who have sex with men and their sexual partners: an agent-based network modeling study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 28:100628. [PMID: 38026447 PMCID: PMC10679934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the impact of incarceration on HIV transmission among Black men who have sex with men is important given their disproportionate representation among people experiencing incarceration and the potential impact of incarceration on social and sexual networks, employment, housing, and medical care. We developed an agent-based network model (ABNM) of 10,000 agents representing young Black men who have sex with men in the city of Chicago to examine the impact of varying degrees of post-incarceration care disruption and care engagement interventions following release from jail on HIV incidence. Methods Exponential random graph models were used to model network formation and dissolution dynamics, and network dynamics and HIV care continuum engagement were varied according to incarceration status. Hypothetical interventions to improve post-release engagement in HIV care for individuals with incarceration (e.g., enhanced case management, linkage to housing and employment services) were compared to a control scenario with no change in HIV care engagement after release. Finding HIV incidence at 10 years was 4.98 [95% simulation interval (SI): 4.87, 5.09 per 100 person-years (py)] in the model population overall; 5.58 (95% SI 5.38, 5.76 per 100 py) among those with history of incarceration, and 12.86 (95% SI 11.89, 13.73 per 100 py) among partners of agents recently released from incarceration. Sustained post-release HIV care for agents with HIV and experiencing recent incarceration resulted in a 46% reduction in HIV incidence among post-incarceration partners [incidence rate (IR) per 100 py = 5.72 (95% SI 5.19, 6.27) vs. 10.61 (95% SI 10.09, 11.24); incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.54; (95% SI 0.48, 0.60)] and a 19% reduction in HIV incidence in the population overall [(IR per 100 py = 3.89 (95% SI 3.81-3.99) vs. 4.83 (95% SI 4.73, 4.92); IRR = 0.81 (95% SI 0.78, 0.83)] compared to a scenario with no change in HIV care engagement from pre-to post-release. Interpretation Developing effective and scalable interventions to increase HIV care engagement among individuals experiencing recent incarceration and their sexual partners is needed to reduce HIV transmission among Black men who have sex with men. Funding This work was supported by the following grants from the National Institutes of Health: R01DA039934; P20 GM 130414; P30 AI 042853; P30MH058107; T32 DA 043469; U2C DA050098 and the California HIV/AIDS Research Program: OS17-LA-003; H21PC3466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hotton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Sheeler
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan Ozik
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholson Collier
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mert Edali
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey
| | | | - Russell Brewer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katrina M. Schrode
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nina T. Harawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John A. Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aditya S. Khanna
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies and Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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3
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Remch M, Scheidell JD, Cleland CM, Turpin R, Duncan DT, Dyer TT, Kaufman JS, Mazumdar M, Brewer R, Feelemyer J, Mayer KH, Khan MR. Mediation of the Effect of Incarceration on Selling Sex Among Black Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women in the HPTN 061 Study. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:2791-2802. [PMID: 36746876 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Incarceration among Black sexual minority men and Black transgender women (BSMM/BTW) is disproportionately high in the United States. Limited research has documented the disruptive effect of incarceration on sexual networks and sexual partnership exchange among BSMM/BTW. We estimate the influence of incarceration on selling sex and mediating pathways among 1169 BSMM/BTW enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061 cohort to assess this relationship. Mediators investigated were social support, violence, illicit drug use, and distress due to experienced racism and homophobia. During the 6 months following baseline, 14% of the cohort was incarcerated, including 24% of BTW. After adjustment, recent incarceration was associated with 1.57 (95% CI 1.02, 2.42) times the risk of subsequently selling sex. The hypothesized mediators together explained 25% of the relationship, with an indirect effect risk ratio of 1.09 (95% CI 0.97, 1.24). Our results document an association and call for more research investigating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Remch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB 7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Joy D Scheidell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Charles M Cleland
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rodman Turpin
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University College of Public Health, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Typhanye T Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Medha Mazumdar
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell Brewer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan Feelemyer
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria R Khan
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Delaney DJ, Stein LAR, Bassett SS, Clarke JG. Motivational interviewing for family planning and reducing risky sexual behavior among incarcerated men nearing release: A randomized controlled pilot study. Psychol Serv 2023; 20:538-552. [PMID: 34735198 PMCID: PMC10354667 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Incarcerated men are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended partner pregnancy postrelease. Limited research has been invested in developing and testing treatments targeting risky sexual behavior and unwanted pregnancy for this at-risk population. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a promising behavioral intervention for decreasing risky sexual behaviors. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of MI for family planning and risky sexual behaviors with incarcerated men nearing release. Preliminary efficacy of the MI intervention was also compared to an educational control group. Thirty-two men were assessed at baseline and randomized to one 90-min session. Assessment occurred 2 months after release. MI was feasibly administered, and participants were highly satisfied with both treatments. In addition, those who received MI reported higher rates of condom use with casual partners, higher rates of partner use of hormonal contraceptives, and slightly higher rates of sex that was protected against pregnancy. Increases are readiness to discuss family planning with sexual partners, as well as reported frequency of these discussions, and increases in family planning knowledge were also found in those randomized to MI. The findings from this study indicate the need to further assess MI with this population with a full-scale clinical trial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Delaney
- Department of Psychology, Chafee Social Science Center, University of Rhode Island
| | - L A R Stein
- Department of Psychology, Chafee Social Science Center, University of Rhode Island
| | - Shayna S Bassett
- Department of Psychology, Chafee Social Science Center, University of Rhode Island
| | - Jennifer G Clarke
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Memorial Hospital, Brown University
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5
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Haimson CE, Simes JT, Eason JM, Zhang J. The impact of carceral churn and healthcare organizations on HIV/AIDS incidence in Arkansas. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101355. [PMID: 36824660 PMCID: PMC9941376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
•Penal and healthcare institutions generate and mitigate community-level health inequality, respectively.•Arkansas Counties with high prison churn and disadvantage have higher rates of HIV/AIDS.•Hospital density moderates effect of prison churn on incidence of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E. Haimson
- Prison Education Program of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, New York University, United States,Corresponding author. NYU Prison Education Program, 726 Broadway #540, New York, NY, 1003, United States.
| | | | - John M. Eason
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, United States
| | - Jienian Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University Bloomington, United States
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6
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Henry BF, Hartmann J, Goddard-Eckrich D, Chang M, Wu E, Hunt T, Gilbert L, Wimberly AS, El-Bassel N. Typologies of Stressful Life Events and Their Association With Sexual Risk Behaviors and Communication Among Justice-Involved Males and Their Female Sex Partners. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2022; 34:379-394. [PMID: 36181499 PMCID: PMC9576004 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2022.34.5.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events are prevalent among justice-involved populations and are associated with sexual risk behaviors and partner communication regarding safe-sex practices. We describe patterns of stress exposure for heterosexual couples (where males are under community supervision) and how stress patterns are associated with sexual risk behaviors and communication (460 individuals; 230 couples). Latent class analysis identified patterns of stress. Multinominal logistic regression models identified associations between sex, race, ethnicity, and stress classes. Multilevel Poisson regression models described relationships between sexual risk behaviors and frequency of communication about condoms/HIV, and stress classes. We found four classes that differed by sex, race, and ethnicity and were associated with the number of sexual partners, condom use self-efficacy, discussing condoms with partner, and discussing HIV prevention with partner. Partner class was associated with the number of sexual partners. Findings inform future assessment/interventions for sexual health that consider patterns of stress and demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy F Henry
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
- College of Education, Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Mingway Chang
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elwin Wu
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Timothy Hunt
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
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7
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Scheidell JD, Kapadia F, Turpin RE, Mazumdar M, Dyer TV, Feelemyer J, Cleland CM, Brewer R, Parker SD, Irvine NM, Remch M, Mayer KH, Khan MR. Incarceration, Social Support Networks, and Health among Black Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women: Evidence from the HPTN 061 Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12064. [PMID: 36231367 PMCID: PMC9564690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Support from social networks buffers against negative effects of stress but is disrupted by incarceration. Few studies examine incarceration, social support networks, and health among Black sexual minority men (BSMM) and Black transgender women (BTW). We conducted a secondary analysis using HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 (HPTN 061), a sample of BSMM/BTW recruited from six US cities. We measured associations between recent incarceration reported at six months follow-up and social support networks at twelve months follow-up, and cross-sectional associations between support networks and twelve-month health outcomes (e.g., sexual partnerships, substance use, healthcare access and depressive symptoms). Among the analytic sample (N = 1169), recent incarceration was associated with small medical support networks (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.34) and small financial support networks (aRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35). Support networks were associated with multiple partnerships (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 0.77, 95% CI 0.65, 0.90), unhealthy alcohol use (aPR 1.20, 95% CI 0.96, 1.51), and depressive symptoms (aPR 1.16, 95% CI 0.99, 1.36). Incarceration adversely impacts social support networks of BSMM/BTW, and support networks were associated with a range of important health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy D. Scheidell
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Farzana Kapadia
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Rodman E. Turpin
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA or
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Medha Mazumdar
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Typhanye V. Dyer
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA or
| | - Jonathan Feelemyer
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Charles M. Cleland
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Russell Brewer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sharon D. Parker
- Department of Social Work, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Natalia M. Irvine
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Molly Remch
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria R. Khan
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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8
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SeyedAlinaghi S, Pashaei Z, Rahimi E, Saeidi S, Mirzapour P, Noori T, Ghasemzadeh A, Afzalian A, Dashti M, Habibi P, Farhoudi B, Aghaie N, Shamsabadi A, Dadras O, Mehraeen E. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and associated risk behaviors in prisoners: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e819. [PMID: 36177400 PMCID: PMC9478043 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the major health concerns globally. Generally, prisoners are at higher risks for STIs due to risk factors including; drug‐use, high‐risk sexual behaviors, densely populated prisons, and poor living conditions. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the existing data on STI prevalence, and its associated risk factors among prisoners. Methods We conducted a systematic search of the literature using the keywords in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar online databases. We selected all the relevant original studies in English through title/abstract and full‐text screening process. Results Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected and reviewed 32 studies out of 96 identified papers. The most important STI‐associated risk factors among prisoners were drug use, low educational levels, and unsafe sex. The prevalence of STIs was heterogenous in selected studies and was reported as follows; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (0%−14.5%), hepatitis B viruses (HBV) (0.04%−27.23%), hepatitis C viruses (HCV) (0.17%−49.7%), Syphilis (0.2%−22.1%), Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) (1.02%−6.7%), Gonorrhea (0.6%−7.8%), and herpes simplex virus‐2 (HSV‐2) 22.4%. Conclusion This systematic review indicates that the prevalence of STIs (HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis, Chlamydia Trachomatis, Gonorrhea, and HSV‐2) among prisoners appears to be higher than the general population, with drug abuse, low educational levels, and unsafe sex as major risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk Behaviors Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Pashaei
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk Behaviors Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Rahimi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk Behaviors Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Solmaz Saeidi
- Department of Nursing Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences Khalkhal Iran
| | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk Behaviors Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Tayebeh Noori
- Department of Health Information Technology Zabol University of Medical Sciences Zabol Iran
| | | | - Arian Afzalian
- School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Dashti
- Department of Radiology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Pedram Habibi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk Behaviors Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Behnam Farhoudi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Narjes Aghaie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Shamsabadi
- Department of Health Information Technology Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences Esfarayen Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk Behaviors Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary care University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences Khalkhal Iran
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9
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Scheidell JD, Dyer TV, Knittel AK, Caniglia EC, Thorpe LE, Troxel AB, Lejuez CW, Khan MR. Incarceration and Subsequent Pregnancy Loss: Exploration of Sexually Transmitted Infections as Mediating Pathways. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:242-251. [PMID: 34061656 PMCID: PMC8864438 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Incarceration is linked to risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI) postrelease among women. There has been little examination of incarceration's association with related sexual and reproductive outcomes such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and pregnancy loss, or the role of STI in this relationship and whether these relationships differ between Black and White women. Methods: Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examined cross-sectional associations between incarceration (Wave IV; 2007-2008; ages 24-34) and history of STI and PID (n = 5,968), and longitudinal associations between incarceration and later pregnancy loss in mid-adulthood (Wave V; 2016-2018; ages 34-43) among women who had ever been pregnant (n = 2,353); we estimated racial differences. Using causal mediation, we explored whether STI mediated associations with pregnancy loss. Results: Incarceration was associated with a history of STI (White adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-2.06; Black APR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.56); the association between incarceration and PID was null among White women (APR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.47-2.09) and elevated among Black women (APR: 2.82, 95% CI 1.36-5.83). Prior incarceration did not appear associated with pregnancy loss among White women (APR: 1.01, 95% CI 0.70-1.45), but was associated among Black women (APR: 1.38, 95% CI: 0.97-1.97), with STI appearing to partially mediate. Conclusions: Pregnancy loss may be elevated among Black women who have been incarcerated, and incarceration-related increases in STI may account for some of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy D. Scheidell
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Address correspondence to: Joy D. Scheidell, PhD, MPH, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, Office 624, New York, NY 6402, USA
| | - Typhanye V. Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea K. Knittel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen C. Caniglia
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorna E. Thorpe
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea B. Troxel
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carl W. Lejuez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria R. Khan
- Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Decision Science, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Blankenship KM, Rosenberg A, Keene DE, Dawson AJ, Groves AK, Schlesinger P. Social Determination of HIV: Women's Relationship Work in the Context of Mass Incarceration and Housing Vulnerability. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:190-201. [PMID: 33796957 PMCID: PMC8484381 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We contrast a typical "social determinants of health" framing with a more dynamic and complex "social determination of health" framing to analyze HIV-related sexual risk among women in low-income, segregated neighborhoods in New Haven, CT. Using an abductive approach, we analyze repeated, longitudinal qualitative interviews conducted over a 2-year period with a sample of 14 HIV-negative women who engaged in sex with men during the study period. Three case studies are presented to demonstrate how behaviors and sexual practices typically described as HIV "risks" can be understood as part of the work of establishing and maintaining monogamous committed relationships, which we call "relationship work," shaped in a context characterized by housing vulnerabilities and the many manifestations of mass incarceration and the surveillance state. We conclude by suggesting that for these women, their relationship work is the work of HIV prevention and life in low-income segregated neighborhoods is their HIV-related risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Blankenship
- Department of Sociology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20016-4072, USA.
| | - Alana Rosenberg
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Danya E Keene
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiv J Dawson
- Department of Sociology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Allison K Groves
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Penelope Schlesinger
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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11
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Scheidell JD, Dyer TV, Hucks-Ortiz C, Abrams J, Mazumdar M, Cleland C, Irvine N, Turpin RE, Severe M, Mayer K, Khan M. Characterisation of social support following incarceration among black sexual minority men and transgender women in the HPTN 061 cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053334. [PMID: 34588263 PMCID: PMC8483031 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine longitudinal associations between recent incarceration and subsequent social support among black sexual minority men and transgender women, and whether associations differed between those who did and did not have support prior to incarceration. DESIGN A secondary analysis in 2020 of data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061, a cohort study of black sexual minority men and transgender women recruited in 2009-2010 and followed for 12 months. SETTING Six US cities (Atlanta, Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco and Washington DC). PARTICIPANTS Individuals ≥18 years of age who identified as black, reported being male or assigned male at birth, reported ≥1 unprotected anal intercourse event with a male partner in the past 6 months, and reported on incarceration at the 6-month follow-up visit. EXPOSURE Having spent ≥1 night in jail/prison in the past 6 months reported at the 6-month follow-up visit. OUTCOME Social support measured using a six-item scale assessing frequency of emotional/informational, affectionate and tangible support (range 6-30); and dichotomous indicators of low support for each item (ie, receiving that form of support none/little of the time). RESULTS Among participants who returned for the 6-month visit (N=1169), 14% had experienced incarceration in the past 6 months. Mean support score was 20.9; 18.9 among those with recent incarceration versus 21.2 among those without. Recent incarceration predicted lower support (adjusted β -2.40, 95% CI -3.94 to -0.85). Those recently incarcerated had increased risk of lacking emotional/informational (eg, no one to talk to adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.55, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.13) and affectionate (aRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.04) but not tangible support. Effects appeared somewhat stronger among those who had support at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Incarceration may reduce support on re-entry among black sexual minority men and transgender women, populations unequally targeted for incarceration and at risk for low support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy D Scheidell
- Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Typhanye V Dyer
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jasmyn Abrams
- Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Medha Mazumdar
- Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Cleland
- Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natalia Irvine
- Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rodman E Turpin
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - MacRegga Severe
- Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Mayer
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Khan
- Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Fulcher IR, Shpitser I. Auto-G-Computation of Causal Effects on a Network. J Am Stat Assoc 2020; 116:833-844. [PMID: 34366505 PMCID: PMC8345318 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2020.1811098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods for inferring average causal effects have traditionally relied on two key assumptions: (i) the intervention received by one unit cannot causally influence the outcome of another; and (ii) units can be organized into nonoverlapping groups such that outcomes of units in separate groups are independent. In this article, we develop new statistical methods for causal inference based on a single realization of a network of connected units for which neither assumption (i) nor (ii) holds. The proposed approach allows both for arbitrary forms of interference, whereby the outcome of a unit may depend on interventions received by other units with whom a network path through connected units exists; and long range dependence, whereby outcomes for any two units likewise connected by a path in the network may be dependent. Under network versions of consistency and no unobserved confounding, inference is made tractable by an assumption that the networks outcome, treatment and covariate vectors are a single realization of a certain chain graph model. This assumption allows inferences about various network causal effects via the auto-g-computation algorithm, a network generalization of Robins' well-known g-computation algorithm previously described for causal inference under assumptions (i) and (ii). Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel R. Fulcher
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ilya Shpitser
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD
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13
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Nowotny KM, Omori M, McKenna M, Kleinman J. Incarceration Rates and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in US Counties, 2011-2016. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:S130-S136. [PMID: 31967898 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine rates of sexually transmitted infections as a function of jail and prison incarceration rates across US counties for the years 2011 to 2016.Methods. We used data from several national databases. The outcomes were county-level chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012-2016). The exposures were lagged specifications of county-level jail and prison incarceration rates as reported by the Vera Institute of Justice (2011-2015). We estimated mixed models to account for the 3 sources of response variable variation occurring across repeated measures collected from counties nested within states.Results. In the final model, jail and prison incarceration rates were associated with a rate increase of 10.13 per 100 000 and 8.22 per 100 000, respectively, of chlamydia incidence. The corresponding rate increases for gonorrhea incidence were 2.47 per 100 000 and 4.40 per 100 000.Conclusions. These findings provide some evidence that the documented differences in chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence between counties may be partially attributable to differences in jail and prison incarceration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Nowotny
- Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Marisa Omori is with the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
| | - Marisa Omori
- Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Marisa Omori is with the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
| | - Melanie McKenna
- Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Marisa Omori is with the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
| | - Joshua Kleinman
- Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Marisa Omori is with the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
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14
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Joudrey PJ, Khan MR, Wang EA, Scheidell JD, Edelman EJ, McInnes DK, Fox AD. A conceptual model for understanding post-release opioid-related overdose risk. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2019; 14:17. [PMID: 30982468 PMCID: PMC6463640 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-019-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-release opioid-related overdose mortality is the leading cause of death among people released from jails or prisons (PRJP). Informed by the proximate determinants framework, this paper presents the Post-Release Opioid-Related Overdose Risk Model. It explores the underlying, intermediate, proximate and biological determinants which contribute to risk of post-release opioid-related overdose mortality. PRJP share the underlying exposure of incarceration and the increased prevalence of several moderators (chronic pain, HIV infection, trauma, race, and suicidality) of the risk of opioid-related overdose. Intermediate determinants following release from the criminal justice system include disruption of social networks, interruptions in medical care, poverty, and stigma which exacerbate underlying, and highly prevalent, substance use and mental health disorders. Subsequent proximate determinants include interruptions in substance use treatment, including access to medications for opioid use disorder, polypharmacy, polydrug use, insufficient naloxone access, and a return to solitary opioid use. This leads to the final biological determinant of reduced respiratory tolerance and finally opioid-related overdose mortality. Mitigating the risk of opioid-related overdose mortality among PRJP will require improved coordination across criminal justice, health, and community organizations to reduce barriers to social services, ensure access to health insurance, and reduce interruptions in care continuity and reduce stigma. Healthcare services and harm reduction strategies, such as safe injection sites, should be tailored to the needs of PRJP. Expanding access to opioid agonist therapy and naloxone around the post-release period could reduce overdose deaths. Programs are also needed to divert individuals with substance use disorder away from the criminal justice system and into treatment and social services, preventing incarceration exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Joudrey
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven Campus, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, Sterling Hall of Medicine IE-68, PO Box 208088, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Maria R Khan
- Department of Population Health, New York University, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Emily A Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 367 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joy D Scheidell
- Department of Population Health, New York University, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 367 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Keith McInnes
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers VA Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Health Law Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron D Fox
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
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15
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El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Goddard-Eckrich D, Chang M, Wu E, Goodwin S, Tibbetts R, Almonte-Weston M, Hunt T. Effectiveness of a Couple-Based HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Intervention for Men in Community Supervision Programs and Their Female Sexual Partners: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e191139. [PMID: 30924895 PMCID: PMC6450427 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In the United States, the prevalence rates of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are higher among individuals in community supervision programs (CSPs) than in the general population. However, to date, no couple-based HIV or STI prevention interventions have been implemented for the large number of men in CSPs. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a 5-session couple-based prevention intervention, compared with a 1-session counseling, testing, and referral (CTR) program, in reducing HIV and STIs as well as condomless intercourse among men in CSPs and their female sexual partners. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 11, 2013 (first recruitment), through May 17, 2016 (last randomization). Participants were drug-involved men mandated to a CSP and their female sexual partners (n = 230 couples or 460 individuals). Participants were recruited from various CSP sites in New York, New York, and randomized into either the PACT (Protect and Connect) intervention condition or the HIV CTR control condition (n = 115 couples or 230 individuals in each arm). Analysis of behavioral outcomes used an intent-to-treat approach. Statistical analyses were conducted from November 1, 2017, through June 1, 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-reported data on sexual behaviors in the past 90 days were used to assess behavioral outcomes at all time points. Biomarkers were collected at baseline and 12 months, and behavioral outcomes were collected at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS A total of 230 couples (460 individuals) were included. The mean (SD) age of participants was 35.0 (12.8) years, and most participants (341 [74.1%]) self-identified as black or African American race/ethnicity. Of the 18 new cases of STIs identified at the 12-month assessment, 10 came from the PACT arm and 8 from the HIV CTR control arm. Compared with the control participants, PACT participants had 33% fewer acts of condomless vaginal and/or anal intercourse with their main partner (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99; P = .04), 70% fewer acts with other partners (IRR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.74; P = .009), and 40% fewer acts with all sexual partners (IRR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.85; P = .005) over the entire follow-up period. In addition, PACT participants were less likely to report being under the influence of drugs or alcohol the last time they had vaginal and/or anal intercourse with their study partners (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.96; P = .04) and had 26% fewer sexual partners in the past 90 days (IRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.88; P = .001). At 12 months, HIV and STI incidence did not differ significantly between the 2 arms. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The PACT intervention appeared to reduce risky sexual behaviors, such as condomless intercourse; this finding suggests that a couple-based HIV and STI prevention intervention program may curb the burgeoning HIV epidemic in CSPs. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01690494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila El-Bassel
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, New York
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, New York
| | - Dawn Goddard-Eckrich
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, New York
| | - Mingway Chang
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, New York
| | - Elwin Wu
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, New York
| | - Sharun Goodwin
- New York City Department of Probation, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Timothy Hunt
- Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, New York
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