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Parikh RV, Nau CL, Tan TC, Tucher E, Vallejo JD, Jimenez JJ, Horiuchi KM, Allen AR, Stehr P, Alexeeff SE, Han B, Lo JC, Mozaffarian D, Go AS, Grant RW. Rationale and design of the KP ENRICH trial: A food is medicine intervention in low-income high-risk adults with diabetes within Kaiser Permanente. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 143:107601. [PMID: 38851480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity is associated with poor glycemic control and increased risk for diabetes-related complications. The clinical benefit of addressing these challenges through a medically supportive grocery prescription (GRx) program in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remains unclear. We report the aims and design of a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month GRx intervention on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels among low-income adults with T2D. METHODS The Kaiser Permanente Evaluating Nutritional Interventions in Food-Insecure High-Risk Adults (KP ENRICH) Study is a pragmatic randomized trial enrolling 1100 participants within Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Southern California, two integrated health care delivery systems serving >9 million members. Medicaid-insured adults with T2D and baseline HbA1c ≥7.5% will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio to either GRx, delivered as $100 per month for select items from among a curated list of healthful food groups in an online grocery ordering and home-delivery platform along with biweekly digital nutrition educational materials, or control, consisting of free membership and deliveries from the online grocery platform but without curated food groups or purchasing dollars. The primary outcome is 6-month change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes include 12-month change in HbA1c, and 6- and 12-month change in medical resource utilization, food security, nutrition security, dietary habits, diabetes-related quality of life, and dietary self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The results of this large randomized clinical trial of GRx will help inform future policy and health system-based initiatives to improve food and nutrition security, disease management, and health equity among patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi V Parikh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Claudia L Nau
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thida C Tan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Emma Tucher
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jessica D Vallejo
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Jimenez
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kate M Horiuchi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Amanda R Allen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Peter Stehr
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joan C Lo
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan S Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Richard W Grant
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Houghtaling B, Short E, Shanks CB, Stotz SA, Yaroch A, Seligman H, Marriott JP, Eastman J, Long CR. Implementation of Food is Medicine Programs in Healthcare Settings: A Narrative Review. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-024-08768-w. [PMID: 38662283 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Food is Medicine (FIM) programs to improve the accessibility of fruits and vegetables (FVs) or other healthy foods among patients with low income and diet-related chronic diseases are promising to improve food and nutrition security in the United States (US). However, FIM programs are relatively new and implementation guidance for healthcare settings using an implementation science lens is lacking. We used a narrative review to describe the evidence base on barriers and facilitators to FIM program integration in US healthcare settings following the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) Framework. Evidence surrounding the EPIS Inner Context was a focus, including constructs Leadership, Organizational Characteristics, Quality and Fidelity Monitoring and Support, Organizational Staffing Processes, and Individual Characteristics. Peer-reviewed and grey literature about barriers and facilitators to FIM programs were of interest, defined as programs that screen and refer eligible patients with diet-related chronic disease experiencing food insecurity to healthy, unprepared foods. Thirty-one sources were included in the narrative review, including 22 peer-reviewed articles, four reports, four toolkits, and one thesis. Twenty-eight sources (90%) described EPIS Inner Context facilitators and 26 sources (84%) described FIM program barriers. The most common barriers and facilitators to FIM programs were regarding Quality and Fidelity Monitoring and Support (e.g., use of electronic medical records for tracking and evaluation, strategies to support implementation) and Organizational Staffing Processes (e.g., clear delineation of staff roles and capacity); although, barriers and facilitators to FIM programs were identified among all EPIS Inner Context constructs. We synthesized barriers and facilitators to create an EPIS-informed implementation checklist for healthcare settings for use among healthcare organizations/providers, partner organizations, and technical assistance personnel. We discuss future directions to align FIM efforts with implementation science terminology and theories, models, and frameworks to improve the implementation evidence base and support FIM researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Houghtaling
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Eliza Short
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Sarah A Stotz
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amy Yaroch
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hilary Seligman
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jenna Eastman
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
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Garrity K, Krzyzanowski Guerra K, Hart H, Al-Muhanna K, Kunkler EC, Braun A, Poppe KI, Johnson K, Lazor E, Liu Y, Garner JA. Local Food System Approaches to Address Food and Nutrition Security among Low-Income Populations: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100156. [PMID: 38616069 PMCID: PMC11031423 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Food and nutrition insecurity disproportionately impact low-income households in the United States, contributing to higher rates of chronic diseases among this population. Addressing this challenge is complex because of various factors affecting the availability and accessibility of nutritious food. Short value chain (SVC) models, informally known as local food systems, offer a systemic approach that aims to optimize resources and align values throughout and beyond the food supply chain. Although specific SVC interventions, such as farmers markets, have been studied individually, a comprehensive review of SVC models was pursued to evaluate their relative impact on food security, fruit and vegetable intake, diet quality, health-related markers, and barriers and facilitators to participation among low-income households. Our systematic literature search identified 37 articles representing 34 studies from 2000-2020. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies revealed that farmers market interventions had been evaluated more extensively than other SVC models (i.e., produce prescription programs, community-supported agriculture, mobile markets, food hubs, farm stands, and farm-to-school). Fruit and vegetable intake was the most measured outcome; other outcomes were less explored or not measured at all. Qualitative insights highlighted common barriers to SVC use, such as lack of program awareness, limited accessibility, and cultural incongruence, whereas facilitators included health-promoting environments, community cohesion, financial incentives, and high-quality produce. Social marketing and dynamic nutrition education appeared to yield positive program outcomes. Financial incentives were used in many studies, warranting further investigation into optimal amounts across varying environmental contexts. SVC models are increasingly germane to national goals across the agriculture, social, and health care sectors. This review advances the understanding of key knowledge gaps related to their implementation and impact; it emphasizes the need for research to analyze SVC potential comprehensively across the rural-urban continuum and among diverse communities through long-term studies of measurable health impact and mixed-method studies investigating implementation best practices. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020206532.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Garrity
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Hannah Hart
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | - Khawlah Al-Muhanna
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Emily C Kunkler
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Ashlea Braun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University
| | | | - Kara Johnson
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Emma Lazor
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Jennifer A Garner
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University.
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Rhodes EC, Pérez-Escamilla R, Okoli N, Hromi-Fiedler A, Foster J, McAndrew J, Duran-Becerra B, Duffany KO. Clients' experiences and satisfaction with produce prescription programs in California: a qualitative evaluation to inform person-centered and respectful program models. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1295291. [PMID: 38572012 PMCID: PMC10990041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1295291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Produce prescription programs have strong potential to improve food security, fruit and vegetable consumption, and health across the life course. Understanding clients' experiences and satisfaction with produce prescription programs is critical for evaluating the person-centeredness and quality of these programs. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe client experiences and satisfaction with produce prescription programs, with an emphasis on the extent to which they felt they were treated with respect and dignity, and (2) identify recommendations for improving client experiences. Methods We conducted four focus group discussions with clients of produce prescription programs in two Federally Qualified Health Centers in California. We used a modified framework analysis approach and organized participants' experiences with programs into themes. Results Three themes captured participants' program experiences. First, respectful produce prescription programming encompassed interactions with individuals delivering the programs that felt respectful (e.g., program staff showing they cared about participants' health and offering timely assistance with financial incentives) and disrespectful (e.g., not receiving prompt responses to questions about incentives), as well as aspects of program design perceived to be respectful (e.g., provision of gift cards as financial incentives, which offered privacy when purchasing produce). Second, having autonomy to use gift cards to choose their preferred fresh fruits and vegetables was viewed as a positive experience, though participants desired greater autonomy to shop at stores other than the program designated stores. Third, participants frequently discussed program usability, with some reporting that joining the programs and using the cards was easy, and others describing difficulties activating cards and using them at stores due to cashiers' lack of awareness of the programs. Overall, participants were highly satisfied with the programs. To improve client experiences, they recommended increasing privacy (e.g., by educating cashiers on the programs so that clients do not need to explain in public what the card is for) and autonomy (e.g., allowing cards to be used at other chain or local stores). Discussion Our findings inform efforts to make produce prescription programs more person-centered and respectful, which in turn may increase program demand, engagement, and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Rhodes
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, United States
| | - Ngozi Okoli
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Amber Hromi-Fiedler
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jaime Foster
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, United States
| | - John McAndrew
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, United States
- Wholesome Wave, Bridgeport, CT, United States
| | - Beatriz Duran-Becerra
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kathleen O’Connor Duffany
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, United States
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Tariq S, Olstad DL, Beall RF, Spackman E, Lipscombe L, Dunn S, Lashewicz BM, Elliott MJ, Campbell DJ. Exploring the prospective acceptability of a healthy food incentive program from the perspective of people with type 2 diabetes and experiences of household food insecurity in Alberta, Canada. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e66. [PMID: 38305101 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FoodRx is a 12-month healthy food prescription incentive program for people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and experiences of household food insecurity. In this study, we aimed to explore potential users' prospective acceptability (acceptability prior to program use) of the design and delivery of the FoodRx incentive and identify factors influencing prospective acceptability. DESIGN We used a qualitative descriptive approach and purposive sampling to recruit individuals who were interested or uninterested in using the FoodRx incentive. Semi-structured interviews were guided by the theoretical framework of acceptability, and corresponding interview transcripts were analysed using differential qualitative analysis guided by the socioecological model. SETTING Individuals living in Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS In total, fifteen adults with T2DM and experiences of household food insecurity. RESULTS People who were interested in using the FoodRx incentive (n 10) perceived it to be more acceptable than those who were uninterested (n 5). We identified four themes that captured factors that influenced users' prospective acceptability: (i) participants' confidence, views and beliefs of FoodRx design and delivery and its future use (intrapersonal), (ii) the shopping routines and roles of individuals in participants' social networks (interpersonal), (iii) access to and experience with food retail outlets (community), and (iv) income and food access support to cope with the cost of living (policy). CONCLUSION Future healthy food prescription programs should consider how factors at all levels of the socioecological model influence program acceptability and use these data to inform program design and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saania Tariq
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Reed F Beall
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Eldon Spackman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lorraine Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharlette Dunn
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bonnie M Lashewicz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Meghan J Elliott
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - David Jt Campbell
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
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Rudel RK, Byhoff E, Strombotne KL, Drainoni ML, Greece JA. Healthcare-based food assistance programmes in the United States: a scoping review and typology. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e128. [PMID: 38155805 PMCID: PMC10753472 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify the breadth of healthcare-based food assistance programmes in the United States and organize them into a typology of programmes to provide implementation guidance to aspiring food assistance programmers in healthcare settings. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021, and mined reference lists. We used content analysis to extract programmatic details from each intervention and to qualitatively analyse intervention components to develop a typology for healthcare institutions in the United States. Eligible articles included descriptions of patient populations served and programmatic details. Articles were not required to include formal evaluations for inclusion in this scoping review. Our search resulted in 8706 abstracts, which yielded forty-three articles from thirty-five interventions. We identified three distinct programme types: direct food provision, referral, and voucher programmes. Programme type was influenced by programme goals, logistical considerations, such as staffing, food storage or refrigeration space, and existence of willing partner CBOs. Food provision programmes (n 13) were frequently permanent and leveraged partnerships with community-based organisations (CBOs) that provide food. Referral programmes (n 8) connected patients to CBOs for federal or local food assistance enrollment. Voucher programmes (n 14) prioritised provision of fruits and vegetables (n 10) and relied on a variety of clinic staff to refer patients to months-long programmes. Healthcare-based implementers can use this typology to design and maintain programmes that align with the needs of their sites and patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Rudel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 4th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 2nd Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Elena Byhoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Kiersten L. Strombotne
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mari-Lynn Drainoni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 2nd Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston Massachusetts 02118
- Evans Center for Implementation and Improvement Sciences, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 2nd Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Jacey A. Greece
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 4th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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Joseph CA, Seguin ML. "Something Fun to Look Forward to": Lessons From Implementing the Prescription for Health Farmers' Market Initiative in Rural Upper Michigan. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:903-910. [PMID: 35713177 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221093966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable (FV) prescription programs are an increasingly popular community-based approach to addressing food insecurity and improving nutrition by connecting local health care and food systems. The Prescription for Health farmers' market FV prescription program was piloted in a rural, low-access low-income Michigan community in 2017. The program enrolled 33 adult participants with chronic disease and provided weekly farmers' market FV vouchers, educational nutrition handouts, and seasonal healthy recipes over 10 weeks. Weight, blood pressure, and the following self-rated variables were assessed pre- and post program: dietary habits, food literacy, physical health, and mental health. While most metrics remained generally unchanged, one of the strongest findings from our data included significant improvement in quality of life. Increased social interaction as a result of the attending the farmers' market was a prominent theme from informal open-ended participant feedback. Given the ongoing public health crisis of loneliness and social isolation, this finding led us to consider the farmers' market as an avenue for creating opportunities for meaningful social connection among participants and farmers. To this end, we discuss health outcomes of the Prescription for Health pilot program, reflect on unique aspects of implementing this program in a rural area, and explore future opportunities for farmers' market prescription programs as an innovative form of nature-based social prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Joseph
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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Rhodes EC, Nyhan K, Okoli N, O’Connor Duffany K, Rodriguez ME, Perkins B, Ross D, Pérez-Escamilla R. Client experience of food assistance programs among adults in the United States: a qualitative evidence synthesis protocol. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1193451. [PMID: 37719734 PMCID: PMC10501444 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Policymakers, health practitioners, and other key partners are increasingly focused on ensuring that clients of food assistance programs have positive experiences, a key aspect of high-quality programming. The objectives of this review are to describe the experiences of clients participating in food assistance programs in the United States (US) and to identify ways that these programs promote or hinder positive experiences. Methods and analysis We will conduct a qualitative evidence synthesis with partners from food security organizations and community members. Peer-reviewed literature will be systematically searched in Scopus, CINAHL, and AGRICOLA. To identify grey literature, we will use Google's programmable search engine. This review will consider sources that present results of primary qualitative studies that focus on at least one food assistance program in the US and explore the perspectives of adult clients. Only sources published in English or Spanish from 2007 onward will be included. Multiple reviewers will screen articles for inclusion and extract data from articles that meet the inclusion criteria, using a structured data extraction tool. Thematic synthesis or meta-ethnography may be appropriate approaches for synthesizing the extracted data. The final selection of synthesis method will be determined once the set of primary qualitative studies to be included in the review is complete and the type of data presented in these studies is known. We will assess the methodological quality of the included studies using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) tool for qualitative studies and assess the confidence in the review findings using the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach. Discussion The findings of this review will inform the development of measures to assess client experience and quality improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Rhodes
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ngozi Okoli
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kathleen O’Connor Duffany
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | - Daniel Ross
- DAISA Enterprises, LLC, South Hadley, MA, United States
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Slagel N, Thompson JJ, Lee JS. Produce Prescriptions and Nutrition Education Improve Experiences and Perceptions of Farm Direct Settings in Adults With Low Income. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:1011-1023. [PMID: 36357040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) Program participants' and nonparticipants' experiences and perceptions of farm direct (FD) settings. DESIGN Multiple-case study of adults with low income from 3 study groups: (1) FVRx intervention (produce prescription, nutrition education [NE], financial literacy education, health screening), (2) NE only, and (3) control (standard health care). Participant interviews with each group at baseline and 6 months. SETTING Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) eligible adults from 3 Georgia counties. PARTICIPANTS A total of 46 adults with ≥ 1 diet-related condition. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program participant and nonparticipant experiences and perceptions of FD settings. ANALYSIS Constant comparative methods and thematic analysis of qualitative interview data across groups. FINDINGS Two main themes emerged: (1) baseline FD setting experiences and perceptions and (2) divergent experiences and perceptions with FD settings postintervention. Participants across each group employed price-conscious food purchasing practices because of limited food budgets, limiting local food access. Combining produce prescription, NE, and farmers' market access enhanced FVRx participant associations with FD settings to reinforce motivation for accessing and purchasing fruits and vegetables beyond program participation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Programs reduce multiple barriers to participating in FD settings compared with NE or standard health care alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Slagel
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO.
| | | | - Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Chagin K, Bier J, Einstadter D, Gunzler D, Glenn A, McLaughlin E, Cook K, Misak J, Bolen SD. Food as Medicine Clinic: Early Results and Lessons Learned. Cureus 2022; 14:e31912. [PMID: 36579189 PMCID: PMC9792141 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hospital-based food pantries are commonly used to address food insecurity. However, few studies have examined the impact of these food pantries on patients with chronic health conditions. In this study, we sought to assess the effect of a hospital-based food pantry clinic on self-reported dietary changes, health outcomes, and resource utilization. METHODS This study included food insecure participants with suboptimally controlled congestive heart failure, hypertension, or diabetes who visited a Food as Medicine (FAM) clinic at an academic healthcare system between October 2018 and November 2019. The clinic provided a three-day supply of food for participants and their families up to two times per month for up to 12 months. Baseline, three-month, and six-month surveys were used to assess dietary behaviors, and electronic health record (EHR) data were used to assess health outcomes and utilization. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to explore variables associated with FAM clinic use. RESULTS At three months, participants self-reported improved dietary behaviors, including increased consumption of fruits and vegetables as snacks and an increased variety of fruits and vegetables consumed. There were no statistically significant changes in clinical or healthcare utilization measures, despite small absolute improvements in systolic blood pressure (SBP), hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits. There was a weak association between FAM clinic visit frequency and changes in dietary behaviors. CONCLUSION Among patients with chronic diseases, the use of the FAM clinic was associated with improved self-reported dietary behaviors and a nonsignificant improvement in health outcomes and resource utilization.
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Stotz SA, Budd Nugent N, Ridberg R, Byker Shanks C, Her K, Yaroch AL, Seligman H. Produce prescription projects: Challenges, solutions, and emerging best practices – Perspectives from health care providers. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101951. [PMID: 36161127 PMCID: PMC9502043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Stotz
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado School of Public Health, Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Aurora, CO, USA
- Corresponding author at: University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado School of Public Health, Mail Stop F800, 13055 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | | | | | | | - Ka Her
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy L. Yaroch
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hilary Seligman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA and Center for Vulnerable Populations, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Zack RM, Rodríguez Bronico JV, Babbin M, Nguyen T, Weil R, Granick J, Fiechtner L, Mulugeta W, Odayar V, Cortés DE. Facilitators and Barriers to Patient Attendance at a Free Health Center Produce Market. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:S131-S143. [PMID: 35987525 PMCID: PMC10680439 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient participation in healthcare system‒sponsored efforts to address food insecurity varies widely. This mixed-methods study sought to understand the patient sociodemographic factors associated with and barriers and facilitators to the use of a monthly produce market held at Cambridge Health Alliance in partnership with The Greater Boston Food Bank. METHODS Baseline surveys (N=715) were conducted from February 2019 to March 2020 before market attendance, followed by 1-year follow-up surveys (n=514) and qualitative interviews (n=45). Robust Poisson regression estimated associations between sociodemographic characteristics and market attendance. Analyses were conducted from 2021 to 2022. RESULTS A total of 37.1% attended the market ≥1 time. Market attendance was associated with being aged 30-49 years (Risk Ratio (RR)=1.36, 95% CI=1.00, 1.86), having a monthly household income <$1,000 (RR=1.73, 95% CI=1.29, 2.32), identifying as Asian (RR=2.48, 95% CI=1.58, 3.89), having a preferred language for medical care other than English (RR=1.35, 95% CI=1.03, 1.76), being retired (RR=1.90, 95% CI=1.17, 3.08), and living in the city of the market's location (RR=1.36, 95% CI=1.12, 1.63). Barriers included limited time (28%), work conflict (23%), forgetfulness (23%), and not knowing market location/date (22%). Interviews revealed that accessibility barriers (e.g., limited market hours, transportation issues, competing demands, medical conditions, long lines) were obstacles to attendance, whereas access to novel, healthy foods motivated attendance. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare-based food distributions have the potential to reach patients with unmet food needs who cannot or would not access other forms of food assistance. Time constraints, physical limitations, and transportation challenges impact attendance; program modifications are necessary to improve accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Zack
- The Greater Boston Food Bank, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Molly Babbin
- Community Health Improvement Department, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tra Nguyen
- The Greater Boston Food Bank, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Weil
- The Greater Boston Food Bank, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean Granick
- Community Health Improvement Department, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Fiechtner
- The Greater Boston Food Bank, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Varshini Odayar
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dharma E Cortés
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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A Produce Prescription Program in Eastern North Carolina Results in Increased Voucher Redemption Rates and Increased Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Participants. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122431. [PMID: 35745161 PMCID: PMC9229115 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Few produce prescription programs have taken place in rural areas, in the context of existing public health programs. Thus, the purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine voucher redemption rates, change in fruit and vegetable intake, and suggestions for improvement among participants enrolled in a produce prescription program occurring in existing public health programs throughout rural eastern North Carolina. We examined voucher redemption rates and conducted pre- (n = 125) and post-intervention surveys assessing fruit and vegetable intake. t-tests were used to examine changes in intake pre- versus post-intervention among 50 participants. Participants (n = 32) also completed a semi-structured, telephone interview. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed to determine potential improvements. The overall voucher redemption rate was 52%. There was a 0.29 (standard deviation = 0.91, p = 0.031) cup increase in self-reported fruit intake comparing post- to pre-intervention data. Qualitative analyses indicated that participants enjoyed the financial benefits of the program and wanted it to continue. The produce prescription program was successful in increasing self-reported fruit intake among participants. More research is needed to determine if changes in intake persist when measured objectively, and on best methods for the program’s financial sustainability.
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14
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Newman T, Lee JS, Thompson JJ, Rajbhandari-Thapa J. Current Landscape of Produce Prescription Programs in the US. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:575-581. [PMID: 35618406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the design and implementation models of US produce prescription programs. METHODS In a mixed-methods study, program providers completed an online survey and an individual phone interview regarding their 2019 programming. RESULTS Twenty-three programs completed surveys; 20 completed interviews. Program locations included the mid-Atlantic (26%), Northeast (9%), Midwest (30%), Southwest (17%), and Western regions (17%). Although program models varied, programs generally included a health care visit, usually at a safety-net clinic, and nutrition education, typically counseling, advice, or classes. Prescriptions tended to be farmers market vouchers worth a median of $15 a week (interquartile range, $7.81-$20.00). Transportation was a problem for nearly half of the programs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Current produce prescription program characteristics and operations can serve as a blueprint for new and existing programs. Future research should determine program best practices and the opportunity cost between program standardization and local flexibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Jennifer Jo Thompson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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15
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Lyonnais MJ, Kaur AP, Rafferty AP, Johnson NS, Jilcott Pitts S. A Mixed-Methods Examination of the Impact of the Partnerships to Improve Community Health Produce Prescription Initiative in Northeastern North Carolina. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2022; 28:233-242. [PMID: 35121710 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a mixed-methods examination of the impact of the Partnerships to Improve Community Health produce prescription initiative in northeastern North Carolina. DESIGN Quantitative surveys were conducted among participants before and after the distribution of produce prescription vouchers. Univariate statistics were used to describe the participant population, and paired t tests were used to examine change in fruit and vegetable intake. Qualitative, in-depth telephone interviews were conducted among participants, health educators, and food retailers and coded for themes. SETTING Eight health promotion programs, 2 food pantries, and 11 food retailers. PARTICIPANTS In each health promotion program or food pantry, between 6 and 97 participants were enrolled. INTERVENTION Produce prescription vouchers were distributed to participants and redeemed at local food retailers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE S An increase in local fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption. RESULTS Of the produce prescription participants who completed the baseline survey (n = 93), 86% were female, 64% were African American, and 68% were food insecure. The voucher redemption rate was 18%. The majority of participants indicated that they visit farmers' markets more now than before the produce prescription initiative, that shopping at the farmers' market made it easy to include more fresh produce in their family's diet, and that they tried a new farmers' market because of the produce prescription initiative. All health educators and food retailers who participated felt that the initiative benefited their program or operation and were willing to partner with the program again. CONCLUSIONS While redemption rates were lower than anticipated, the produce prescription initiative had positive impacts on participants' local fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption. Because of COVID-19, the initiative was not implemented until late in the North Carolina produce season. Moving forward, the program will start earlier and work with local food retailers to connect with their communities to increase redemption rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Lyonnais
- Albemarle Regional Health Services, Elizabeth City, North Carolina (Ms Lyonnais); and Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (Ms Kaur, Drs Rafferty and Jilcott Pitts, and Mr Johnson)
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16
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Little M, Rosa E, Heasley C, Asif A, Dodd W, Richter A. Promoting Healthy Food Access and Nutrition in Primary Care: A Systematic Scoping Review of Food Prescription Programs. Am J Health Promot 2021; 36:518-536. [PMID: 34889656 PMCID: PMC8847755 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211056584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To conduct a scoping review to synthesize evidence on food prescription programs. Data Source A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted using key words related to setting, interventions, and outcomes. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Publications were eligible if they reported food prescription administered by a health care practitioner (HCP) with the explicit aim of improving healthy food access and consumption, food security (FS), or health. Data Extraction A data charting form was used to extract relevant details on intervention characteristics, study methodology, and key findings. Data Synthesis Study and intervention characteristics were summarized. We undertook a thematic analysis to identify and report on themes. A critical appraisal of study quality was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results A total of 6145 abstracts were screened and 23 manuscripts were included in the review. Food prescriptions may improve fruit and vegetable consumption and reduce food insecurity (FI). Evidence for impacts on diet-related health outcomes is limited and mixed. The overall quality of included studies was weak. Addressing barriers such as stigma, transportation, and poor nutrition literacy may increase utilization of food prescriptions. Conclusion Food prescriptions are a promising health care intervention. There is a need for rigorous studies that incorporate larger sample sizes, control groups, and validated assessments of dietary intake, food security, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Little
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, 8205University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Ebony Rosa
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, 8205University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Cole Heasley
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, 3653University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Aiza Asif
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 3653University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Warren Dodd
- School of Public Health Sciences, 8430University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Abby Richter
- Guelph Community Health Center, Guelph, ON, Canada
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17
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Cook M, Ward R, Newman T, Berney S, Slagel N, Bussey-Jones J, Schmidt S, Sun Lee J, Webb-Girard A. Food Security and Clinical Outcomes of the 2017 Georgia Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:770-778. [PMID: 34509277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate improvements in food security and health outcomes associated with participation in a produce prescription program. DESIGN Program evaluation with repeated measures over 6 months. SETTING Six sites across Georgia. PARTICIPANTS Of the 159 enrolled through primary care sites, 122 participants were considered graduates (attended at least 3 of the 6 monthly visits). The majority of program graduates were Black (78.7%), earned <$25,000 annually (76.6%), and were food insecure (74.2%). INTERVENTION Six-month program offering group-based nutrition and cooking education along with subsidies for fresh produce worth $1 per family member per day, redeemable weekly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Food security, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and glycated hemoglobin. ANALYSIS Linear mixed models estimating association of change in outcomes with program visits 1-6. Fixed effects included participant sex and age, whereas random effects included random intercepts and slopes for the site of program participation and participants. RESULTS Participation in a produce prescription program combining subsidies for produce and nutrition education decreased food insecurity (P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure significantly (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings highlight the promise of this program and similar programs for improving patient food security and health outcomes among the most vulnerable, underserved communities while aiding in setting realistic expectations and suggestions for program implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Cook
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
| | | | - Taylor Newman
- College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Nicholas Slagel
- College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | | | - Jung Sun Lee
- College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Amy Webb-Girard
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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18
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Newman T, Lee JS. Strategies and Challenges: Qualitative Lessons Learned From Georgia Produce Prescription Programs. Health Promot Pract 2021; 23:699-707. [PMID: 34416837 DOI: 10.1177/15248399211028558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Produce prescription programs (PPPs) have grown in numbers in the past decade, empowering health care providers to promote health by issuing subsidies for produce to vulnerable patients. However, little research has been conducted on the facilitators that make it easier for PPPs to succeed or the barriers that programs face, which could provide guidance on how to improve future PPP design and implementation. The study sought to identify the facilitators and barriers affecting positive outcomes in Georgia PPPs called Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) Programs. A process evaluation with a qualitative comparative case study approach was conducted. Fifteen FVRx providers, ranging from nutrition educators to farmers market managers, were interviewed in a focus group interview or on the phone between 2016 and 2017. Two nutrition education classes and an FVRx best practices meeting were observed, and program documents were collected. Interview transcripts, field notes from observations, and documents were then thematically analyzed. Four overall themes were determined regarding facilitators and barriers experienced by FVRx programs: (1) creating accessible programming may encourage FVRx participation, (2) provider dedication to the program is important, (3) participants' challenging life circumstances can make participation difficult, and (4) the sustainability of the program is a concern. The findings of this study suggest helpful strategies and challenges for providers to consider when developing and implementing PPPs in Georgia and beyond. Research on the long-term program impact is needed, and policy options for sustainable, scaling up of PPPs should be explored.
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Heasley C, Clayton B, Muileboom J, Schwanke A, Rathnayake S, Richter A, Little M. "I was eating more fruits and veggies than I have in years": a mixed methods evaluation of a fresh food prescription intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:135. [PMID: 34301335 PMCID: PMC8298943 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Food insecurity is associated with poor nutritional health outcomes. Prescribing fresh fruits and vegetables in healthcare settings may be an opportunity to link patients with community supports to promote healthy diets and improve food security. This mixed methods study evaluated the impacts of a fresh food prescription pilot program. Methods The study took place at two Community Health Centre locations in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Sixty food insecure patients with ≥1 cardio-metabolic condition or micronutrient deficiency participated in the intervention. Participants were prescribed 12 weekly vouchers to Community Food Markets. We conducted a one-group pre-post mixed-methods evaluation to assess changes in fruit and vegetable intake, self-reported health, food security, and perceived food environments. Surveys were conducted at baseline and follow-up and semi-structured interviews with participants were conducted following the intervention. Results Food security and fruit and vegetable consumption improved following the intervention. Food security scores increased by 1.6 points, on average (p < 0.001). Consumption of fruits and 'other' vegetables (cucumber, celery, cabbage, cauliflower, squashes, and vegetable juice) increased from baseline to follow-up (p < 0.05). No changes in self-reported physical or mental health were observed. Qualitative data suggested that the intervention benefited the availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and accommodation of healthy foods for participating households. Conclusions Fresh food prescription programs may be a useful model for healthcare providers to improve patients' food environments, healthy food consumption, and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Heasley
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada.,School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | | | - Jade Muileboom
- Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Anna Schwanke
- Food From Thought, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
| | | | - Abby Richter
- Guelph Community Health Centre, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Matthew Little
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
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20
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Donohue JA, Severson T, Martin LP. The food pharmacy: Theory, implementation, and opportunities. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 5:100145. [PMID: 34327488 PMCID: PMC8315372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The food pharmacy is an emerging program model designed to increase the access to and consumption of healthful foods, particularly fruits and vegetables. Existing research on the efficacy of the food pharmacy model shows that these programs have been effective in improving patient understanding of nutrition and removing barriers to healthy eating, and in turn may have a significant impact on diet-related health outcomes. However, efforts to date aiming to evaluate program effectiveness have been small and lack rigorous research methods. More research is needed to adequately assess the longitudinal effects of food pharmacy programs on healthful food intake and diet-related health outcomes. In this review, we outline the strengths and limitations of previous programs and explore possible options to improve the scalability and sustainability of food pharmacy programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Severson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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21
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An exploration of key barriers to healthcare providers' use of food prescription (FRx) interventions in the rural South. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:1095-1103. [PMID: 33423706 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020005376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the attitude towards food prescriptions (FRx) interventions among clinicians and identify potential barriers to their use in clinical practice. DESIGN The current study employed an exploratory research design using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Research participants were selected from primary care facilities, family practice offices and obesity clinics located in Mississippi and Louisiana. SETTING Providers selected for participation in the current study serve predominantly rural, low-income communities in the US South. PARTICIPANTS From an original population of fifty healthcare providers that included physicians, registered dieticians and nurse practitioners, from Oxford, Tupelo, Batesville, Jackson, and Charleston, MS and New Orleans, LA. Fifteen healthcare providers agreed to participate, including three physicians, four registered dieticians, three nurses and three nurse practitioners. RESULTS The current study found that while healthcare providers expressed a desire to use FRx interventions, there was a universal lack of understanding by healthcare providers of what FRx interventions were, how they were implemented and what outcomes they were likely to influence. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified key bottlenecks in the use of FRx interventions at the clinic level and data provided evidence for two key recommendations: (1) development and validation of a screening tool to be used by clinicians for enrolling patients in such interventions and (2) implementation of nutrition education in primary professional training, as well as in continuing education.
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22
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Veldheer S, Scartozzi C, Knehans A, Oser T, Sood N, George DR, Smith A, Cohen A, Winkels RM. A Systematic Scoping Review of How Healthcare Organizations Are Facilitating Access to Fruits and Vegetables in Their Patient Populations. J Nutr 2020; 150:2859-2873. [PMID: 32856074 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is compelling evidence on the impact of diet as preventative medicine, and with rising health care costs healthcare organizations are attempting to identify interventions to improve patient health outcomes. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to characterize existing healthcare organization-based interventions to improve access to fruits and vegetables (F&V) for their patient populations. In addition, we aimed to review the impact of identified interventions on dietary intake and health outcomes. METHODS Titles and abstracts were searched in PubMed® (MEDLINE®), Embase®, CINAHL®, and the Cochrane Library® from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2019. To be selected for inclusion, original studies must have included a healthcare organization and have had a programmatic focus on increasing access to or providing fresh F&V to patients in an outpatient, naturalistic setting. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used to assess study quality in 6 domains (selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection methods, and withdrawals and dropouts). RESULTS A total of 8876 abstracts were screened, yielding 44 manuscripts or abstracts from 27 programs. Six program models were identified: 1) a cash-back rebate program, 2) F&V voucher programs, 3) garden-based programs, 4) subsidized food box programs, 5) home-delivery meal programs, and 6) collaborative food pantry-clinical programs. Only 6 of 27 studies included a control group. The overall quality of the studies was weak due to participant selection bias and incomplete reporting on data collection tools, confounders, and dropouts. Given the heterogeneity of outcomes measured and weak study quality, conclusions regarding dietary and health-related outcomes were limited. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare-based initiatives to improve patient access to F&V are novel and have promise. However, future studies will need rigorous study designs and validated data collection tools, particularly related to dietary intake, to better determine the effect of these interventions on health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Veldheer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christina Scartozzi
- Penn State Health, St. Joseph's Family and Community Medicine Residency Program, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amy Knehans
- Penn State College of Medicine, Harrell Library, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Tamara Oser
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natasha Sood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Daniel R George
- Department of Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Alicia Cohen
- Departments of Family Medicine and Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Providence VA Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Renate M Winkels
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
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