1
|
Barros C, Sampaio A, Pinal D. Cardiorespiratory fitness mediates the relationship between depressive symptomatology and cognition in older but not younger adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 191:112429. [PMID: 38608791 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Aging is commonly associated with emotional, physical, and cognitive changes, with the latter, particularly affecting executive functioning. Further, such changes may interact. For instance, depressive symptomatology is a known risk factor for developing cognitive deficits, especially at older ages. In contrast, an active lifestyle, reflected in high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels, has proven to protect against adverse effects on cognition across the adult lifespan. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between depressive symptomatology, CRF, and cognition during critical developmental stages, namely in young adults (YA), when cognitive abilities are at their peak, and in older adults (OA), when they may start to decline. Eighty-one OA with ages between 60 and 89 years (M = 70.46; SD = 7.18) and 77 YA with ages between 18 and 34 years (M = 22.54; SD = 3.72) went through (i) a sociodemographic interview, (ii) an emotional assessment, (iii) a battery of cognitive tests, and (iv) a physical evaluation assessing CRF levels, visceral fat and body-mass index. Results showed that OA exhibited lower general cognitive performance, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, memory, and CRF. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were not different among groups, with CRF mediating the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognition in the OA group. The present study provides valuable insights into the interplay between emotional, physical, and cognitive well-being. Additionally, it calls attention to how lifestyle factors can play a protective role against the adverse effects that depressive symptoms have on cognition, particularly at older ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Barros
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, Center for Research in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, Center for Research in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal.
| | - Diego Pinal
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, Center for Research in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
García-García I, Donica O, Cohen AA, Gonseth Nusslé S, Heini A, Nusslé S, Pichard C, Rietschel E, Tanackovic G, Folli S, Draganski B. Maintaining brain health across the lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105365. [PMID: 37604360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Across the lifespan, the human body and brain endure the impact of a plethora of exogenous and endogenous factors that determine the health outcome in old age. The overwhelming inter-individual variance spans between progressive frailty with loss of autonomy to largely preserved physical, cognitive, and social functions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the diverse aging trajectories can inform future strategies to maintain a healthy body and brain. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on lifetime factors governing brain health. We present the growing body of evidence that unhealthy alimentary regime, sedentary behaviour, sleep pathologies, cardio-vascular risk factors, and chronic inflammation exert their harmful effects in a cumulative and gradual manner, and that timely and efficient intervention could promote healthy and successful aging. We discuss the main effects and interactions between these risk factors and the resulting brain health outcomes to follow with a description of current strategies aiming to eliminate, treat, or counteract the risk factors. We conclude that the detailed insights about modifiable risk factors could inform personalized multi-domain strategies for brain health maintenance on the background of increased longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-García
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Clinique la Prairie, Montreux, Switzerland
| | | | - Armand Aaron Cohen
- Department of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Hadassah University Medical Center Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Claude Pichard
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
AO YAWEN, LI YUSHUANG, ZHAO YILIN, ZHANG LIANG, YANG RENJIE, ZHA YUNFEI. Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Amateur Marathon Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1208-1217. [PMID: 36878015 PMCID: PMC10241426 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous studies have implicated the involvement of structure and function of the hippocampus in physical exercise, and the larger hippocampal volume is one of the relevant benefits reported in exercise. It remains to be determined how the different subfields of hippocampus respond to physical exercise. METHODS A 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 73 amateur marathon runners (AMR) and 52 healthy controls (HC) matched with age, sex, and education. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Fatigue Severity Scale were assessed in all participants. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the two groups and ascertained correlation between the significant subfield metrics and the significant behavioral measure in AMR group. RESULTS The AMR had significantly better sleep than HC, manifested as with lower score of PSQI. Sleep duration in AMR and HC was not significantly different from each other. In the AMR group, the left and right hippocampus, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA4, granule cell and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, molecular layer, left CA2-3, and left hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area volumes were significantly larger compared with those in the HC group. In AMR group, the correlations between the PSQI and the hippocampal subfield volumes were not significant. No correlations were found between hippocampal subfield volumes and sleep duration in AMR group. CONCLUSIONS We reported larger volumes of specific hippocampal subfields in AMR, which may provide a hippocampal volumetric reserve that protects against age-related hippocampal deterioration. These findings should be further investigated in longitudinal studies.
Collapse
|
4
|
van der Heide FCT, Mokhtar S, Khanna A, Said M, Henry RMA, Kroon AA, Dagnelie PC, Eussen SJPM, Berendschot TTJM, Schouten JSAG, Schram MT, van der Kallen CJH, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Wesselius A, Savelberg HHCM, Schaper NC, Webers CAB, Stehouwer CDA. Retinal Functional and Structural Neural Indices: Potential Biomarkers for the Monitoring of Cerebral Neurodegeneration: The Maastricht Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230104. [PMID: 37182886 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND If retinal indices of neurodegeneration are to be biomarkers for the monitoring of cerebral neurodegeneration, it is important to establish whether potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia are associated with retinal neurodegenerative changes. OBJECTIVE To study associations of dementia risk factors with retinal sensitivity, an index of retinal neural function, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, an index of retinal neural structure. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study (up to 5,666 participants, 50.5% men, mean age 59.7), and investigated associations with regression analyses (adjusted for potential confounders). RESULTS Most risk factors under study (i.e., hyperglycemia, unhealthy diet, lower cardiorespiratory fitness, smoking, alcohol consumption, and hypertension) were significantly associated with lower retinal sensitivity and lower RNFL thickness. CONCLUSION Findings of this population-based study support the concept that retinal neural indices may be biomarkers for the monitoring of therapeutic strategies that aim to prevent early-stage cerebral neurodegeneration and, ultimately, dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank C T van der Heide
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
- MHeNS School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+, TheNetherlands
| | - Sara Mokhtar
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
- MHeNS School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+, TheNetherlands
| | - Anjani Khanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sharpsight eye hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mozhda Said
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Centre, MUMC+ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham A Kroon
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, UM, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, UM, The Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- MHeNS School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+, TheNetherlands
| | - Jan S A G Schouten
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+, TheNetherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda T Schram
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
- MHeNS School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Centre, MUMC+ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Complex Genetics, UM, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, UM, The Netherlands
| | - Hans H C M Savelberg
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, UM, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, UM, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, MUMC+, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- MHeNS School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+, TheNetherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Graciani AL, Gutierre MU, Coppi AA, Arida RM, Gutierre RC. MYELIN, AGING, AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 127:70-81. [PMID: 37116408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Myelin sheath is a structure in neurons fabricated by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells responsible for increasing the efficiency of neural synapsis, impulse transmission, and providing metabolic support to the axon. They present morpho-functional changes during health aging as deformities of the sheath and its fragmentation, causing an increased load on microglial phagocytosis, with Alzheimer's disease aggravating. Physical exercise has been studied as a possible protective agent for the nervous system, offering benefits to neuroplasticity. In this regard, studies in animal models for Alzheimer's and depression reported the efficiency of physical exercise in protecting against myelin degeneration. A reduction of myelin damage during aging has also been observed in healthy humans. Physical activity promotes oligodendrocyte proliferation and myelin preservation during old age, although some controversies remain. In this review, we will address how effective physical exercise can be as a protective agent of the myelin sheath against the effects of aging in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sex-specific relationships between obesity, physical activity, and gray and white matter volume in cognitively unimpaired older adults. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00734-4. [PMID: 36781598 PMCID: PMC10400512 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Independently, obesity and physical activity (PA) influence cerebral structure in aging, yet their interaction has not been investigated. We examined sex differences in the relationships among PA, obesity, and cerebral structure in aging with 340 participants who completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition to quantify grey matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV). Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). A PA questionnaire was used to estimate weekly Metabolic Equivalents. The relationships between BMI, PA, and their interaction on GMV Regions of Interest (ROIs) and WMV ROIs were examined. Increased BMI was associated with higher GMV in females, an inverse U relationship was found between PA and GMV in females, and the interaction indicated that regardless of BMI greater PA was associated with enhanced GMV. Males demonstrated an inverse U shape between BMI and GMV, and in males with high PA and had normal weight demonstrated greater GMV than normal weight low PA revealed by the interaction. WMV ROIs had a linear relationship with moderate PA in females, whereas in males, increased BMI was associated with lower WMV as well as a positive relationship with moderate PA and WMV. Males and females have unique relationships among GMV, PA and BMI, suggesting sex-aggregated analyses may lead to biased or non-significant results. These results suggest higher BMI, and PA are associated with increased GMV in females, uniquely different from males, highlighting the importance of sex-disaggregated models. Future work should include other imaging parameters, such as perfusion, to identify if these differences co-occur in the same regions as GMV.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdulghani A, Poghosyan M, Mehren A, Philipsen A, Anderzhanova E. Neuroplasticity to autophagy cross-talk in a therapeutic effect of physical exercises and irisin in ADHD. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:997054. [PMID: 36776770 PMCID: PMC9909442 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.997054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive neuroplasticity is a pivotal mechanism for healthy brain development and maintenance, as well as its restoration in disease- and age-associated decline. Management of mental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) needs interventions stimulating adaptive neuroplasticity, beyond conventional psychopharmacological treatments. Physical exercises are proposed for the management of ADHD, and also depression and aging because of evoked brain neuroplasticity. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of muscle-brain cross-talk pinpoints the role of the myokine irisin in the mediation of pro-cognitive and antidepressant activity of physical exercises. In this review, we discuss how irisin, which is released in the periphery as well as derived from brain cells, may interact with the mechanisms of cellular autophagy to provide protein recycling and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling via glia-mediated control of BDNF maturation, and, therefore, support neuroplasticity. We propose that the neuroplasticity associated with physical exercises is mediated in part by irisin-triggered autophagy. Since the recent findings give objectives to consider autophagy-stimulating intervention as a prerequisite for successful therapy of psychiatric disorders, irisin appears as a prototypic molecule that can activate autophagy with therapeutic goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alhasan Abdulghani
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Henrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Alhasan Abdulghani,
| | - Mikayel Poghosyan
- Institute for Biology-Neurobiology, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aylin Mehren
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elmira Anderzhanova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verrall CE, Tran DL, Yang JYM, Lubans DR, Winlaw DS, Ayer J, Celermajer D, Cordina R. Exercise as therapy for neurodevelopmental and cognitive dysfunction in people with a Fontan circulation: A narrative review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1111785. [PMID: 36861078 PMCID: PMC9969110 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People with a Fontan circulation are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay and disability, and cognitive dysfunction, that has significant implications for academic and occupational attainment, psychosocial functioning, and overall quality of life. Interventions for improving these outcomes are lacking. This review article discusses current intervention practices and explores the evidence supporting exercise as a potential intervention for improving cognitive functioning in people living with a Fontan circulation. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these associations are discussed in the context of Fontan physiology and avenues for future research are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Elizabeth Verrall
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek Lee Tran
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neuroscience Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David Scott Winlaw
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Julian Ayer
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neves LM, Ritti-Dias R, Juday V, Marquesini R, Gerage AM, Laurentino GC, Hoffmann Nunes R, Stubbs B, Ugrinowitsch C. Objective physical activity accumulation and brain volume in older adults: An MRI and whole brain volume study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022:6647057. [PMID: 35857361 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in brain volume (i.e., brain atrophy) is a marker of cognitive health in older adults. Insufficient weekly accumulation of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been associated with lower brain volume. As this association has been established for a small number of brain areas and structures and atrophy rates seem to be nonuniform between them, more comprehensive analyses are warranted. We compared the volume of 71 brain areas and structures in 45 older adults who met and did not meet objectively measured MVPA recommendations. In addition, we used multiple regression models to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2PEAK), MVPA and health-related risk factors could affect the atrophy of brain areas and structures. An accelerometer (GT9-X ActiGraph®) was worn for 7 days. Participants were then classified into two groups: <150 minutes MVPA (< 150'MVPA) (n=20) and ≥150 minutes MVPA (≥ 150'MVPA) (n=25) per week. Older adults who accumulated ≥ 150'MVPA per week had significantly higher absolute and relative (% of intracranial volume) volumes of 39 and 9 brain areas and structures, respectively, than those who accumulated < 150'MVPA per week. Higher VO2PEAK seems to be a key predictor of the atrophy of brain areas and structures. In conclusion, meeting weekly physical activity recommendations seems to have a widespread effect on preserving the volume of more than 30 brain areas and structures in older adults. VO2PEAK seems to be the most frequent and important predictor of brain volume preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Melo Neves
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, UNISA, São Paulo, Brazil.,PROMAN (Bipolar Disorder Research Program), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raquel Marquesini
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Cândido Laurentino
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Judas University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Hoffmann Nunes
- Dasa Laboratório, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pani J, Eikenes L, Reitlo LS, Stensvold D, Wisløff U, Håberg AK. Effects of a 5-Year Exercise Intervention on White Matter Microstructural Organization in Older Adults. A Generation 100 Substudy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:859383. [PMID: 35847676 PMCID: PMC9278017 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.859383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic fitness and exercise could preserve white matter (WM) integrity in older adults. This study investigated the effect on WM microstructural organization of 5 years of exercise intervention with either supervised moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or following the national physical activity guidelines. A total of 105 participants (70–77 years at baseline), participating in the randomized controlled trial Generation 100 Study, volunteered to take part in this longitudinal 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. The HIIT group (n = 33) exercised for four intervals of 4 min at 90% of peak heart rate two times a week, the MICT group (n = 24) exercised continuously for 50 min at 70% peak heart rate two times a week, and the control group (n = 48) followed the national guidelines of ≥30 min of physical activity almost every day. At baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-ups, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were performed, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) with ergospirometry, and information on exercise habits was collected. There was no group*time or group effect on any of the DTI indices at any time point during the intervention. Across all groups, CRF was positively associated with fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AxD) at the follow-ups, and the effect became smaller with time. Exercise intensity was associated with mean diffusivity (MD)/FA, with the greatest effect at 1-year and no effect at 5-year follow-up. There was an association between exercise duration and FA and radial diffusivity (RD) only after 1 year. Despite the lack of group*time interaction or group effect, both higher CRF and exercise intensity was associated with better WM microstructural organization throughout the intervention, but the effect became attenuated over time. Different aspects of exercising affected the WM metrics and WM tracts differently with the greatest and most overlapping effects in the corpus callosum. The current study indicates not only that high CRF and exercise intensity are associated with WM microstructural organization in aging but also that exercise’s positive effects on WM may decline with increasing age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pani
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Live Eikenes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Line S Reitlo
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exploring the Associations between Functional Capacity, Cognitive Function and Well-Being in Older Adults. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12071042. [PMID: 35888131 PMCID: PMC9319966 DOI: 10.3390/life12071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to explore the associations between functional capacity and global cognition, executive function and well-being in older adults. Methods: Ninety-seven older adults (age 80.6 ± 8.2 years) were examined for global cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination), executive function (symbol cancellation test), functional capacity (sit-to-stand tests, 6 min walk test, timed up-and-go test and handgrip strength test) and well-being (quality of life, fatigue levels, sleep quality and daily sleepiness). Adjusted partial correlations were computed to examine the associations between variables. Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate whether functional capacity would mediate the relationships between age and cognitive or executive function. Results: Greater levels of functional capacity were associated with better performance in cognitive and executive function tests (p < 0.05). Mediation analyses revealed that functional capacity partially mediated the effects of age on global cognition and executive function (indirect effect: β = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.20 to −0.03; β = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.57, respectively). Increased levels of functional capacity were also associated with higher quality of life (p < 0.05, r = 0.32 to 0.41), lower fatigue levels (p < 0.05, r = 0.23 to 0.37), and better sleep quality (p < 0.05, r = 0.23 to 0.24). Conclusions: Functional capacity can mediate the effects of age on global cognition and executive function in older adults and greater levels of functional capacity are associated with improved quality of life, better sleep quality, and lower fatigue levels.
Collapse
|
12
|
Saanijoki T, Kantonen T, Pekkarinen L, Kalliokoski K, Hirvonen J, Malén T, Tuominen L, Tuulari JJ, Arponen E, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Aerobic Fitness Is Associated with Cerebral μ-Opioid Receptor Activation in Healthy Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1076-1084. [PMID: 35195103 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central μ-opioid receptors (MORs) modulate affective responses to physical exercise. Individuals with higher aerobic fitness report greater exercise-induced mood improvements than those with lower fitness, but the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and the MOR system remains unresolved. Here we tested whether maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and physical activity level are associated with cerebral MOR availability and whether these phenotypes predict endogenous opioid release after a session of exercise. METHODS We studied 64 healthy lean men who performed a maximal incremental cycling test for V̇O2peak determination, completed a questionnaire assessing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; in minutes per week), and underwent positron emission tomography with [11C]carfentanil, a specific radioligand for MOR. A subset of 24 subjects underwent additional positron emission tomography scan also after a 1-h session of moderate-intensity exercise and 12 of them also after a bout of high-intensity interval training. RESULTS Higher self-reported MVPA level predicted greater opioid release after high-intensity interval training, and both V̇O2peak and MVPA level were associated with a larger decrease in cerebral MOR binding after aerobic exercise in the ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula. That is, more trained individuals showed greater opioid release acutely after exercise in brain regions especially relevant for reward and cognitive processing. Fitness was not associated with MOR availability. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that regular exercise training and higher aerobic fitness may induce neuroadaptation within the MOR system, which might contribute to improved emotional and behavioral responses associated with long-term exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tuulia Malén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Voss MW, Jain S. Getting Fit to Counteract Cognitive Aging: Evidence and Future Directions. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35001656 PMCID: PMC9191193 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00038.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has shown tremendous promise for counteracting cognitive aging, but also tremendous variability in cognitive benefits. We describe evidence for how exercise affects cognitive and brain aging, and whether cardiorespiratory fitness is a key factor. We highlight a brain network framework as a valuable paradigm for the mechanistic insight needed to tailor physical activity for cognitive benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W. Voss
- 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,2Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,3Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shivangi Jain
- 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maleki S, Hendrikse J, Chye Y, Caeyenberghs K, Coxon JP, Oldham S, Suo C, Yücel M. Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise with brain white matter in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2402-2425. [PMID: 35773556 PMCID: PMC9581839 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed positive associations between brain structure and physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise (referred to here as PACE). While a considerable body of research has investigated the effects of PACE on grey matter, much less is known about effects on white matter (WM). Hence, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published prior to 5th July 2021 using online databases (PubMed and Scopus) and PRISMA guidelines to synthesise what is currently known about the relationship between PACE and WM in healthy adults. A total of 60 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Heterogeneity across studies was calculated using Qochran's q test, and publication bias was assessed for each meta-analysis using Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. A meta-regression was also conducted to explore factors contributing to any observed heterogeneity. Overall, we observed evidence of positive associations between PACE and global WM volume (effect size (Hedges's g) = 0.137, p < 0.001), global WM anomalies (effect size = 0.182, p < 0.001), and local microstructure integrity (i.e., corpus callosum: effect size = 0.345, p < 0.001, and anterior limb of internal capsule: effect size = 0.198, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that higher levels of PACE are associated with improved global WM volume and local integrity. We appraise the quality of evidence, and discuss the implications of these findings for the preservation of WM across the lifespan. We conclude by providing recommendations for future research in order to advance our understanding of the specific PACE parameters and neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Maleki
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Movement and Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yann Chye
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - James P Coxon
- Movement and Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stuart Oldham
- Neural Systems and Behaviour, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Teraz K, Šlosar L, Paravlić AH, de Bruin ED, Marusic U. Impact of Motor-Cognitive Interventions on Selected Gait and Balance Outcomes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Psychol 2022; 13:837710. [PMID: 35783735 PMCID: PMC9245546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient performance of most daily activities requires intact and simultaneous execution of motor and cognitive tasks. To mitigate age-related functional decline, various combinations of motor and cognitive training have shown promising results. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the efficacy of different types of motor-cognitive training interventions (e.g., sequential and simultaneous) on selected functional outcomes in healthy older adults. Methods Six online academic databases were used to retrieve eligible RCTs up to April 2021, following PRISMA guidelines and PICO criteria. A random-effects model was used for all meta-analyses conducted on selected functional outcomes: single- and dual-task gait speed, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score. Effect size (ES) was calculated as Hedges' g and interpreted as: trivial: <0.20, small: 0.20–0.60, moderate: 0.61–1.20, large: 1.21–2.00, very large: 2.01–4.00 or extremely large >4.00. Results From 2,546 retrieved records, 91 RCTs were included for meta-analysis (n = 3,745 participants; 64.7–86.9 years). The motor-cognitive interventions included differed according to the type of training (e.g., sequential, simultaneous with additional cognitive task or exergame training. The results showed that motor-cognitive interventions can improve gait speed under single-task conditions (small ES = 0.34, P = 0.003). The effect of the intervention was moderated by the type of control group (Q = 6.203, P = 0.013): passive (moderate ES = 0.941, P = 0.001) vs. active controls (trivial ES = 0.153, P = 0.180). No significant effect was found for dual-task walking outcomes (P = 0.063). Motor-cognitive intervention had a positive effect on TUG (small ES = 0.42, P < 0.001), where the effect of intervention was moderated by control group [passive (moderate ES = 0.73, P = 0.001) vs. active (small ES = 0.20, P = 0.020)], but not by the type of training (P = 0.064). Finally, BBS scores were positively affected by motor-cognitive interventions (small ES = 0.59, P < 0.001) with however no significant differences between type of control group (P = 0.529) or intervention modality (P = 0.585). Conclusions This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of various types of motor-cognitive interventions on performance-based measures of functional mobility in healthy older adults. With respect to significant effects, gait speed under single-task condition was improved by motor-cognitive interventions, but the evidence shows that this type of intervention is not necessarily more beneficial than motor training alone. On the other hand, motor-cognitive interventions are better at improving multicomponent tasks of dynamic balance and mobility function, as measured by the TUG. Because of substantial heterogeneity and the current limited availability of different types of interventions, the conclusions should be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Teraz
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Šlosar
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Armin H. Paravlić
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Eling D. de Bruin
| | - Uros Marusic
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Felisatti F, Gonneaud J, Palix C, Garnier-Crussard A, Mézenge F, Landeau B, Chocat A, Quillard A, Ferrand-Devouge E, de La Sayette V, Vivien D, Chételat G, Poisnel G. Role of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Association Between Physical Activity and Brain Integrity Markers in Older Adults. Neurology 2022; 98:e2023-e2035. [PMID: 35418459 PMCID: PMC9162049 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk for dementia, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain to be determined. Our objective was to assess whether cardiovascular risk factors mediate the association between physical activity and brain integrity markers in older adults. METHODS At baseline, participants from the Age-Well study completed a physical activity questionnaire and underwent cardiovascular risk factors collection (systolic blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], current smoker status, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and insulin levels) and multimodal neuroimaging (structural MRI, diffusion MRI, FDG-PET, and florbetapir PET). Multiple regressions were conducted to assess the association among physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and neuroimaging. Mediation analyses were performed to test whether cardiovascular risk factors mediated the associations between physical activity and neuroimaging. RESULTS A total of 134 cognitively unimpaired older adults (≥65 years) were included. Higher physical activity was associated with higher gray matter (GM) volume (β = 0.174, p = 0.030) and cerebral glucose metabolism (β = 0.247, p = 0.019) but not with amyloid deposition or white matter integrity. Higher physical activity was associated with lower insulin level and BMI but not with the other cardiovascular risk factors. Lower insulin level and BMI were related to higher GM volume but not to cerebral glucose metabolism. When controlling for insulin level and BMI, the association between physical activity and cerebral glucose metabolism remained unchanged, while the association with GM volume was lost. When insulin level and BMI were entered in the same model, only BMI remained a significant predictor of GM volume. Mediation analyses confirmed that insulin level and BMI mediated the association between physical activity and GM volume. Analyses were replicated within Alzheimer disease-sensitive regions and results remained overall similar. DISCUSSION The association between physical activity and GM volume is mediated by changes in insulin level and BMI. In contrast, the association with cerebral glucose metabolism seems to be independent from cardiovascular risk factors. Older adults engaging in physical activity experience cardiovascular benefits through the maintenance of a lower BMI and insulin level, resulting in greater structural brain integrity. This study has implications for understanding how physical activity affects brain health and may help in developing strategies to prevent or delay age-related decline. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION EudraCT: 2016-002,441-36; IDRCB: 2016-A01767-44; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977819.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felisatti
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Cassandre Palix
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Garnier-Crussard
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Anne Chocat
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Anne Quillard
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Eglantine Ferrand-Devouge
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de La Sayette
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Géraldine Poisnel
- From PhIND, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (F.F., J.G., C.P., A.G.-C., F.M., B.L., A.C., A.Q., E.F.-D., D.V., G.C., G.P.), Institut Blood and Brain at Caen-Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Cyceron, Caen; Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon (A.G.-C.), Lyon Institute For Elderly, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (A.G.-C.); Department of General Practice (E.F.-D.), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen; Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404 (E.F.-D.); PSL Université, EPHE (V.d.L.S.), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH; and Département de Recherche Clinique (D.V.), CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qiao Y, Wanigatunga AA, An Y, Liu F, Spira AP, Davatzikos C, Tian Q, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM, Schrack JA. Longitudinal associations between energy utilization and brain volumes in cognitively normal middle aged and older adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6472. [PMID: 35440799 PMCID: PMC9018828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Peak energy capacity of the whole person is associated with neurodegeneration. However, change in ability to utilize energy manifests as combination of declining peak energy capacity and rising energetic costs of mobility in mid-to-late life. We examined longitudinal associations between change in energy utilization and brain volumes. Cognitively normal participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 703, age = 70.4 ± 12.1 years, 54.1% women, 30% black) had concurrent data on brain volumes and energy utilization (defined as ratio of energetic cost of walking to peak energy capacity ("cost-to-capacity ratio") at ≥ 1 visit between 2008 and 2018. We performed linear mixed-effect models, adjusting for demographics, medical history and walking engagement. Average baseline cost-to-capacity ratio was 0.55 ± 0.16, with average annual increase of 0.04 ± 0.13 over 3.9 follow-up years. A 10% higher baseline cost-to-capacity ratio was associated with 2.00 cm3 (SE = 0.44) larger baseline ventricular volume (p < 0.001), and 0.10 cm3 (SE = 0.03) greater annual increase in ventricular volume (p = 0.004) after adjustment. Longitudinal change in cost-to-capacity ratio was not associated with brain volumes. These findings highlight, among cognitive-normal adults, poorer baseline energy utilization is associated with subsequent ventricular enlargement, an indirect measure of central brain atrophy. Future studies should explore whether early detection of worsening energy utilization may act as a marker of underlying brain atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Amal A Wanigatunga
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Qu Tian
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Five years of exercise intervention at different intensities and development of white matter hyperintensities in community dwelling older adults, a Generation 100 sub-study. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:596-622. [PMID: 35042832 PMCID: PMC8833118 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated if a five-year supervised exercise intervention with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus control; physical activity according to national guidelines, attenuated the growth of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We hypothesized that supervised exercise, in particular HIIT, reduced WMH growth. Older adults from the general population participating in the RCT Generation 100 Study were scanned at 3T MRI at baseline (age 70–77), and after 1-, 3- and 5-years. At each follow-up, cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with ergospirometry, and physical activity plus clinical data collected. Manually delineated total WMH, periventricular (PWMH), deep (DWMH), and automated total white matter hypointensity volumes were obtained. No group by time interactions were present in linear mixed model analyses with the different WMH measurements as outcomes. In the combined exercise (MICT&HIIT) group, a significant group by time interaction was uncovered for PWMH volume, with a larger increase in the MICT&HIIT group. Cardiorespiratory fitness at the follow-ups or change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time were not associated with any WMH measure. Contrary to our hypothesis, taking part in MICT or HIIT over a five-year period did not attenuate WMH growth compared to being in a control group following national physical activity guidelines.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu F, Mathiason MA, Han S, Gunter JL, Jones D, Botha H, Jack C. Mechanistic Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer's Disease: Imaging Findings From the Pilot FIT-AD Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:703691. [PMID: 34690736 PMCID: PMC8530186 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.703691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence from animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) supporting aerobic exercise as a disease-modifying treatment for AD, human mechanistic studies are limited with mixed findings. The objective of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of 6-month aerobic exercise on hippocampal volume, temporal meta-regions of interest (ROI) cortical thickness, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and network failure quotient (NFQ), measured with MRI, in community-dwelling older adults with AD dementia. Additionally, the relationships between 6- and 12-month changes in MRI biomarkers and the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog) were examined. Sixty participants were randomized, but one was excluded because baseline MRI failed quality control: 38 randomized to cycling and 21 to stretching. The intervention was moderate-intensity cycling for 20-50 mins, three times a week for 6 months. Control was low-intensity stretching. The study outcomes include hippocampal volume, temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness, WMH volume, and NFQ. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The sample averaged 77.3 ± 6.3 years old with 15.6 ± 2.9 years of education and 53% men. Both groups experienced significant declines over 6 months in hippocampal volume (2.64% in cycling vs. 2.89% in stretching) and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness (0.94 vs. 1.54%), and over 12 months in hippocampal volume (4.47 vs. 3.84%) and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness (2.27 vs. 1.79%). These declines did not differ between groups. WMH volume increased significantly with the cycling group increasing less (10.9%) than stretching (24.5%) over 6 months (f = 4.47, p = 0.04) and over 12 months (12.1 vs. 27.6%, f = 5.88, p = 0.02). NFQ did not change significantly over time. Pairwise correlational analyses showed a significant negative correlation between 6-month changes in hippocampal volume and ADAS-Cog (r = -0.34, p < 0.05). To conclude, aerobic exercise may reduce the decline in hippocampal volume and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness during the intervention period, but the effect sizes are likely to be very small and dose-dependent and reverse once the intervention stops. Aerobic exercise is effective on slowing down WMH progression but has no effect on NFQ. Hippocampal atrophy was associated with cognitive decline during the intervention period. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01954550.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Arizona State University Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - SeungYong Han
- Arizona State University Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - David Jones
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hugo Botha
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Clifford Jack
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dougherty RJ, Hoang TD, Launer LJ, Jacobs DR, Sidney S, Yaffe K. Long-term television viewing patterns and gray matter brain volume in midlife. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:637-644. [PMID: 34487279 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-term television viewing patterns, a common sedentary behavior, in early to mid-adulthood is associated with gray matter brain volume in midlife and if this is independent of physical activity. We evaluated 599 participants (51% female, 44% black, mean age 30.3 ± 3.5 at baseline and 50.2 ± 3.5 years at follow-up and MRI) from the prospective Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. We assessed television patterns with repeated interviewer-administered questionnaire spanning 20 years. Structural MRI (3T) measures of frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal, and total gray matter volumes were assessed at midlife. Over the 20 years, participants reported viewing an average of 2.5 ± 1.7 h of television per day (range: 0-10 h). After multivariable adjustment, greater television viewing was negatively associated with gray matter volume in the frontal (β = - 0.77; p = 0.01) and entorhinal cortex (β = - 23.83; p = 0.05) as well as total gray matter (β = - 2.09; p = 0.003) but not hippocampus. These results remained unchanged after additional adjustment for physical activity. For each one standard deviation increase in television viewing, the difference in gray matter volume z-score was approximately 0.06 less for each of the three regions (p < 0.05). Among middle-aged adults, greater television viewing in early to mid-adulthood was associated with lower gray matter volume. Sedentariness or other facets of television viewing may be important for brain aging even in middle age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Dougherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E. Monument St., Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Tina D Hoang
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gonzales TI, Westgate K, Strain T, Hollidge S, Jeon J, Christensen DL, Jensen J, Wareham NJ, Brage S. Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment using risk-stratified exercise testing and dose-response relationships with disease outcomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15315. [PMID: 34321526 PMCID: PMC8319417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease, but assessing CRF in the population is challenging. Here we develop and validate a novel framework to estimate CRF (as maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max) from heart rate response to low-risk personalised exercise tests. We apply the method to examine associations between CRF and health outcomes in the UK Biobank study, one of the world's largest and most inclusive studies of CRF, showing that risk of all-cause mortality is 8% lower (95%CI 5-11%, 2670 deaths among 79,981 participants) and cardiovascular mortality is 9% lower (95%CI 4-14%, 854 deaths) per 1-metabolic equivalent difference in CRF. Associations obtained with the novel validated CRF estimation method are stronger than those obtained using previous methodology, suggesting previous methods may have underestimated the importance of fitness for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas I Gonzales
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tessa Strain
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefanie Hollidge
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Justin Jeon
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dirk L Christensen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorgen Jensen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aghjayan SL, Lesnovskaya A, Esteban-Cornejo I, Peven JC, Stillman CM, Erickson KI. Aerobic exercise, cardiorespiratory fitness, and the human hippocampus. Hippocampus 2021; 31:817-844. [PMID: 34101305 PMCID: PMC8295234 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is particularly susceptible to neurodegeneration. Physical activity, specifically increasing cardiorespiratory fitness via aerobic exercise, shows promise as a potential method for mitigating hippocampal decline in humans. Numerous studies have now investigated associations between the structure and function of the hippocampus and engagement in physical activity. Still, there remains continued debate and confusion about the relationship between physical activity and the human hippocampus. In this review, we describe the current state of the physical activity and exercise literature as it pertains to the structure and function of the human hippocampus, focusing on four magnetic resonance imaging measures: volume, diffusion tensor imaging, resting-state functional connectivity, and perfusion. We conclude that, despite significant heterogeneity in study methods, populations of interest, and scope, there are consistent positive findings, suggesting a promising role for physical activity in promoting hippocampal structure and function throughout the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Aghjayan
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alina Lesnovskaya
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Jamie C Peven
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Castells-Sánchez A, Roig-Coll F, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Lamonja-Vicente N, Sawicka AK, Torán-Monserrat P, Pera G, Montero-Alía P, Heras-Tebar A, Domènech S, Via M, Erickson KI, Mataró M. Exercise and Fitness Neuroprotective Effects: Molecular, Brain Volume and Psychological Correlates and Their Mediating Role in Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Women and Men. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:615247. [PMID: 33776741 PMCID: PMC7989549 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.615247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although exercise is known to have a neuroprotective effect in aging, the mediators underlying the exercise-cognition association remain poorly understood. In this paper we aimed to study the molecular, brain, and behavioral changes related to physical activity and their potential role as mediators. Methods: We obtained demographic, physical activity outcomes [sportive physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)], plasma biomarkers (TNF-α, ICAM-1, HGF, SDF1-α, and BDNF), structural-MRI (brain volume areas), psychological and sleep health (mood, depressive and distress symptoms, and sleep quality), and multi-domain cognitive data from 115 adults aged 50-70 years. We conducted linear regression models and mediation analyses stratifying results by sex in a final sample of 104 individuals [65 women (age = 56.75 ± 4.96) and 39 men (age = 58.59 ± 5.86)]. Results: Women engaging in greater amounts of exercising showed lower TNF-α levels and greater dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe volumes. Men engaging in greater amounts of exercise showed greater temporal lobe volumes. CRF levels were not related to any of the analyzed outcomes in women but in men higher CRF was associated with lower TNF-α, HGF and ventricle volumes, greater volume of temporal and parietal lobes and fewer depressive symptoms and better mood. In men, reduced TNF-α and HGF levels mediated brain and cognitive CRF-related benefits. Conclusion: Our results show that exercise is a promising approach for influencing inflammation and brain volume and also contributes to ongoing discussions about the physiological mediators for the association between CRF and cognition in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Angelika K Sawicka
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Guillem Pera
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Pilar Montero-Alía
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Antonio Heras-Tebar
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Sira Domènech
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Via
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria Mataró
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Influence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Risk of Dementia and Dementia Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 29:878-885. [PMID: 33395631 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) levels on dementia risk and dementia mortality. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were used to search for eligible studies from January 1990 to September 2019. To be included, the study was required to be a prospective cohort study that provided CF measurements and indicated relative risk and confidence intervals for the associations between CF and dementia risk and mortality. A total of six studies were selected for this meta-analysis. Low-level CF was associated with nearly three times greater risk of dementia (2.93, 95% confidence interval [1.31, 6.57]; p < .05) compared with a high-level CF. Enhanced CF levels decreased the risk of dementia, and an increase of one metabolic equivalent of task in the CF level reduced the risk of dementia and dementia mortality. Maintaining more than 12 metabolic equivalents of task of CF level was required to substantially decrease dementia risk and dementia mortality.
Collapse
|
25
|
Smith PJ, Merwin RM. The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review. Annu Rev Med 2020; 72:45-62. [PMID: 33256493 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A large and growing body of evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) may hold therapeutic promise in the management of mental health disorders. Most evidence linking PA to mental health outcomes has focused on the effects of aerobic exercise training on depression, although a growing body of work supports the efficacy of both aerobic and resistance exercise paradigms in the treatment of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite abundant evidence linking PA and mental health, use of exercise training as a mental health treatment remains limited due to three important sources of uncertainty: (a) large individual differences in response to exercise treatment within multiple mental health domains; (b) the critical importance of sustained PA engagement, not always achieved, for therapeutic benefit; and (c) disagreement regarding the relative importance of putative therapeutic mechanisms. Our review of treatment data on exercise interventions and mental health outcomes focuses primarily on depression and anxiety within a health neuroscience framework. Within this conceptual framework, neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms may have additiveor synergistic influences on key cognitive and behavioral processes that influence mental health outcomes. We therefore highlight sources of treatment heterogeneity by integrating the critical influences of (a) neurobiological mechanisms enhancing neuroplasticity and (b) behavioral learning of self-regulatory skills. Understanding the interrelationships between dynamic neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms may help inform personalized mental health treatments and clarify why, and for whom, exercise improves mental health outcomes. The review concludes with recommendations for future studies leveraging individual differences to refine treatment approaches to optimize mental health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Franchetti MK, Bharadwaj PK, Nguyen LA, Van Etten EJ, Klimentidis YC, Hishaw GA, Trouard TP, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE. Interaction of Age and Self-reported Physical Sports Activity on White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:576025. [PMID: 33240074 PMCID: PMC7667263 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.576025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter (WM) lesion load, as measured by white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been associated with increasing age and cardiovascular risk factors, like hypertension. Physical sports activity (PSA) may play an important role in maintaining WM in the context of healthy aging. In 196 healthy older adults, we investigated whether participants reporting high levels of PSA (n = 36) had reduced total and regional WMH volumes compared to those reporting low levels of PSA (n = 160). Age group [young-old (YO) = 50-69 years; old-old (OO) = 70-89 years], PSA group, and age by PSA group interaction effects were tested, with sex, hypertension, and body mass index (BMI) as covariates. We found significant main effects for age group and age by PSA group interactions for total, frontal, temporal, and parietal WMH volumes. There were no main effects of PSA group on WMH volumes. The OO group with low PSA had greater total, frontal, temporal, and parietal WMH volumes than the YO with low PSA and OO with high PSA groups. WMH volumes for the YO and OO groups with high PSA were comparable. These findings indicate an age group difference in those with low PSA, with greater WMH volumes in older adults, which was not observed in those with high PSA. The results suggest that engaging in high levels of PSA may be an important lifestyle factor that can help to diminish WMH lesion load in old age, potentially reducing the impact of brain aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Franchetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lauren A. Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emily J. Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Georg A. Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Theodore P. Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miyazaki A, Okuyama T, Mori H, Sato K, Ichiki M, Nouchi R. Drum Communication Program Intervention in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia at Nursing Home: Preliminary Evidence From Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:142. [PMID: 32714176 PMCID: PMC7343932 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inactivity and consequent deterioration of cognitive and physical function is a major concern among older adults with the limited walking ability and need a high level of care in nursing homes. We aimed to test whether a drumming communication program (DCP) that uses the rhythmic response function of the elderly with cognitive impairment, dementia, and other debilitating disorders would improve their cognitive and physical function. Methods: We conducted a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to investigate the effects of the DCP in 46 nursing home residents who needed high levels of nursing care. The participants were randomly assigned to an intervention and control group. The intervention group attended 30 min of the DCP thrice a week for 3 months. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination-Japanese (MMSE-J) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Physical function was measured using grip strength and active upper limb range of motion with the dominant hand. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). These measures were analyzed before and after the DCP intervention period, and data for the two groups were compared thereafter. Results: Initially, the participants had low scores on the MMSE-J, and 84.78% of them used wheelchairs. Following the DCP intervention, the MMSE-J and FAB scores of the DCP group improved significantly. In terms of motor function, the active range of motion of the wrist palmar and the shoulder flexion improved in the intervention group. Regarding body composition, the skeletal muscle mass index, total body protein, and the dominant hand muscle mass that was adding physical load decreased. Conclusions: The DCP provided the participants with an opportunity to engage in continued exercise for 3 months. The intervention group exhibited improved cognitive function and upper limb motion range, and changes in body composition. The results suggest that DCP can be used as an intervention method to promote exercise and improve various health and cognitive functions. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000024714) on 4 November 2016. The URL is available at https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000028399.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Miyazaki
- Computational Engineering Applications Unit, Head Office for Information Systems and Cybersecurity, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Okuyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hayato Mori
- Technology and Innovation Hub, Cluster for Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sato
- Medical Collaboration Division, Care 21 Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichiki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|