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Papageorgiou L, Kalospyrou E, Papakonstantinou E, Diakou I, Pierouli K, Dragoumani K, Bacopoulou F, Chrousos GP, Exarchos TP, Vlamos P, Eliopoulos E, Vlachakis D. DRDs and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Share a Common Therapeutic Ground: A Novel Bioinformatic Approach Sheds New Light Toward Pharmacological Treatment of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1424:97-115. [PMID: 37486484 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31982-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and behavioral disorders are subgroups of mental health disorders. Both cognitive and behavioral disorders can occur in people of different ages, genders, and social backgrounds, and they can cause serious physical, mental, or social problems. The risk factors for these diseases are numerous, with a range from genetic and epigenetic factors to physical factors. In most cases, the appearance of such a disorder in an individual is a combination of his genetic profile and environmental stimuli. To date, researchers have not been able to identify the specific causes of these disorders, and as such, there is urgent need for innovative study approaches. The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic factors which seem to be more directly responsible for the occurrence of a cognitive and/or behavioral disorder. More specifically, through bioinformatics tools and software as well as analytical methods such as systemic data and text mining, semantic analysis, and scoring functions, we extracted the most relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes connected to these disorders. All the extracted SNPs were filtered, annotated, classified, and evaluated in order to create the "genomic grammar" of these diseases. The identified SNPs guided the search for top suspected genetic factors, dopamine receptors D and neurotrophic factor BDNF, for which regulatory networks were built. The identification of the "genomic grammar" and underlying factors connected to cognitive and behavioral disorders can aid in the successful disease profiling and the establishment of novel pharmacological targets and provide the basis for personalized medicine, which takes into account the patient's genetic background as well as epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Papageorgiou
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Kalospyrou
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Io Diakou
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Pierouli
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dragoumani
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Themis P Exarchos
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Vlamos
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Combined HTR1A/1B methylation and human functional connectome to recognize patients with MDD. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114842. [PMID: 36150307 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to use a machine-learning method to identify HTR1A/1B methylation and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) related to the diagnosis of MDD, then try to build classification models for MDD diagnosis based on the identified features. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from all recruited participants, and part of the participants underwent the resting-state fMRI scan. Features including HTR1A/1B methylation and rsFC were calculated. Then, the initial feature sets of epigenetics and neuroimaging were separately input into an all-relevant feature selection to generate significant discriminative power for MDD diagnosis. Random forest classifiers were constructed and evaluated based on identified features. In addition, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was adapted to interpret the diagnostic model. RESULTS A combination of selected HTR1A/1B methylation and rsFC feature sets achieved better performance than using either one alone - a distinction between MDD and healthy control groups was achieved at 81.78% classification accuracy and 0.8948 AUC. CONCLUSION A high classification accuracy can be achieved by combining multidimensional information from epigenetics and cerebral radiomic features in MDD. Our approach can be helpful for accurate clinical diagnosis of MDD and further exploring the pathogenesis of MDD.
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D'avila LF, Dias VT, Trevizol F, Metz VG, Roversi K, Milanesi L, Maurer LH, Baranzelli J, Emanuelli T, Burger ME. INTERESTERIFIED FAT MATERNAL CONSUMPTION BEFORE CONCEPTION PROGRAMMS MEMORY AND LEARNING OF ADULTHOOD OFFSPRING: how big is this deleterious repercussion? Toxicol Lett 2022; 361:10-20. [PMID: 35301046 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interesterified fat (IF) has largely replaced trans fat in industrialized food. Studies of our research group showed that IF consumption may not be safe for central nervous system (CNS) functions. Our current aim was to evaluate IF maternal consumption before conception on cognitive performance of adult rat offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed with standard chow plus 20% soybean and fish oil mix (control group) or plus 20% IF from weaning until adulthood (before mating), when the diets were replaced by standard chow only. Following the gestation and pups' development, locomotion and memory performance followed by neurotrophin immunocontent and fatty acids (FA) profile in the hippocampus of the adulthood male offspring were quantified. Maternal IF consumption before conception decreased hippocampal palmitoleic acid incorporation, proBDNF and BDNF levels, decreasing both exploratory activity and memory performance in adult offspring. Considering that, the adult male offspring did not consume IF directly, further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and if the IF maternal preconception consumption could induce the epigenetic changes observed here. Our outcomes reinforce an immediate necessity to monitor and / or question the replacement of trans fat by IF with further studies involving CNS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ferraz D'avila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Trevizol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Vinícia Garzella Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Baranzelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
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There are More than Two Sides to Antisocial Behavior: The Inextricable Link between Hemispheric Specialization and Environment. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human functions and traits are linked to cerebral networks serving different emotional and cognitive control systems, some of which rely on hemispheric specialization and integration to promote adaptive goal-directed behavior. Among the neural systems discussed in this context are those underlying pro- and antisocial behaviors. The diverse functions and traits governing our social behavior have been associated with lateralized neural activity. However, as with other complex behaviors, specific hemispheric roles are difficult to elucidate. This is due largely to environmental and contextual influences, which interact with neural substrates in the development and expression of pro and antisocial functions. This paper will discuss the reciprocal ties between environmental factors and hemispheric functioning in the context of social behavior. Rather than an exhaustive review, the paper will attempt to familiarize readers with the prominent literature and primary questions to encourage further research and in-depth discussion in this field.
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Monoamine oxidase A genotype and methylation moderate the association of maltreatment and aggressive behaviour. Behav Brain Res 2020; 382:112476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhu Y, Strachan E, Fowler E, Bacus T, Roy-Byrne P, Zhao J. Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylome and transcriptome in peripheral blood monocytes for major depression: A Monozygotic Discordant Twin Study. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:215. [PMID: 31477685 PMCID: PMC6718674 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in major depressive disorder (MDD), but the specific genes and genomic regions associated with MDD remain largely unknown. Here we conducted genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation (Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip) and gene expression (RNA-seq) in peripheral blood monocytes from 79 monozygotic twin pairs (mean age 38.2 ± 15.6 years) discordant on lifetime history of MDD to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with MDD, followed by replication in brain tissue samples. Integrative DNA methylome and transcriptome analysis and network analysis was performed to identify potential functional epigenetic determinants for MDD. We identified 39 DMRs and 30 DEGs associated with lifetime history of MDD. Some genes were replicated in postmortem brain tissue. Integrative DNA methylome and transcriptome analysis revealed both negative and positive correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression, but the correlation pattern varies greatly by genomic locations. Network analysis revealed distinct gene modules enriched in signaling pathways related to stress responses, neuron apoptosis, insulin receptor signaling, mTOR signaling, and nerve growth factor receptor signaling, suggesting potential functional relevance to MDD. These results demonstrated that altered DNA methylation and gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes are associated with MDD. Our results highlight the utility of using peripheral blood epigenetic markers and demonstrate that a monozygotic discordant co-twin control design can aid in the discovery of novel genes associated with MDD. If validated, the newly identified genes may serve as novel biomarkers or druggable targets for MDD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- 0000 0004 1936 8091grid.15276.37Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Eric Strachan
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Emily Fowler
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Tamara Bacus
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Peter Roy-Byrne
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Wrigglesworth J, Ryan J, Vijayakumar N, Whittle S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor DNA methylation mediates the association between neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent brain structure. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 285:51-57. [PMID: 30771753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prior research indicates that socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with prefrontal cortical (PFC) development in childhood and adolescence, however the mechanisms of this link are unclear. This study investigated whether DNA methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity), mediated the association between neighborhood disadvantage and thickness of the PFC in adolescents. Neighborhood disadvantage was measured in 33 adolescents aged 12-13 years using the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas. Buccal swabs, collected during mid-adolescence (aged 16-18 years), enabled BDNF DNA methylation of the widely studied exon IV promoter region to be measured. Cortical thickness was assessed during late-adolescence (aged 18-20 years) via T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A significant negative association between disadvantage and BDNF DNA methylation at a specific site of the exon IV promoter was identified. Lower levels of methylation were also significantly associated with greater thickness of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), and right medial OFC. Lower levels of DNA methylation at this site also mediated associations between higher disadvantage and thinner bilateral lOFC thickness. These novel findings give insight into a potential biological mechanism that could further our understanding as to why brain development is affected by varying environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Wrigglesworth
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Checknita D, Ekström TJ, Comasco E, Nilsson KW, Tiihonen J, Hodgins S. Associations of monoamine oxidase A gene first exon methylation with sexual abuse and current depression in women. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1053-1064. [PMID: 29600412 PMCID: PMC5999185 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood physical abuse (PA) and sexual abuse (SA) interact with monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene polymorphism to modify risk for mental disorders. In addition, PA and SA may alter gene activity through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, thereby further modifying risk for disorders. We investigated whether methylation in a region spanning the MAOA first exon and part of the first intron was associated with PA and/or SA, MAOA genotype, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, depression disorders, anxiety disorders, and conduct disorder. 114 Swedish women completed standardized diagnostic interviews and questionnaires to report PA and SA, and provided saliva samples for DNA extraction. DNA was genotyped for MAOA-uVNTR polymorphisms, and methylation of a MAOA region of interest (chrX: 43,515,544–43,515,991) was measured. SA, not PA, was associated with hypermethylation of the MAOA first exon relative to no-abuse, and the association was robust to adjustment for psychoactive medication, alcohol and drug dependence, and current substance use. SA and MAOA-uVNTR genotype, but not their interaction, was associated with MAOA methylation. SA associated with all measured mental disorders. Hypermethylation of MAOA first exon mediated the association of SA with current depression, and both methylation levels and SA independently predicted lifetime depression. Much remains to be learned about the independent effects of SA and MAOA-uVNTR genotypes on methylation of the MAOA first exon.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Checknita
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Psychiatry Building R5:00 c/o Jari Tiihonen, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Council, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Crime investigation through DNA methylation analysis: methods and applications in forensics. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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10
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Karlsson Linnér R, Marioni RE, Rietveld CA, Simpkin AJ, Davies NM, Watanabe K, Armstrong NJ, Auro K, Baumbach C, Jan Bonder M, Buchwald J, Fiorito G, Ismail K, Iurato S, Joensuu A, Karell P, Kasela S, Lahti J, McRae AF, Mandaviya PR, Seppälä I, Wang Y, Baglietto L, Binder EB, Harris SE, Hodge AM, Horvath S, Hurme M, Johannesson M, Latvala A, Mather KA, Medland SE, Metspalu A, Milani L, Milne RL, Pattie A, Pedersen NL, Peters A, Polidoro S, Räikkönen K, Severi G, Starr JM, Stolk L, Waldenberger M, Eriksson JG, Esko T, Franke L, Gieger C, Giles GG, Hägg S, Jousilahti P, Kaprio J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Martin NG, van Meurs JBC, Ollikainen M, Perola M, Posthuma D, Raitakari OT, Sachdev PS, Taskesen E, Uitterlinden AG, Vineis P, Wijmenga C, Wright MJ, Relton C, Davey Smith G, Deary IJ, Koellinger PD, Benjamin DJ. An epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of educational attainment. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1680-1690. [PMID: 29086770 PMCID: PMC6372242 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome is associated with biological factors, such as disease status, and environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index. Although there is a widespread perception that environmental influences on the epigenome are pervasive and profound, there has been little evidence to date in humans with respect to environmental factors that are biologically distal. Here we provide evidence on the associations between epigenetic modifications-in our case, CpG methylation-and educational attainment (EA), a biologically distal environmental factor that is arguably among the most important life-shaping experiences for individuals. Specifically, we report the results of an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of EA based on data from 27 cohort studies with a total of 10 767 individuals. We find nine CpG probes significantly associated with EA. However, robustness analyses show that all nine probes have previously been found to be associated with smoking. Only two associations remain when we perform a sensitivity analysis in the subset of never-smokers, and these two probes are known to be strongly associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, and thus their association with EA could be due to correlation between EA and maternal smoking. Moreover, the effect sizes of the associations with EA are far smaller than the known associations with the biologically proximal environmental factors alcohol consumption, body mass index, smoking and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Follow-up analyses that combine the effects of many probes also point to small methylation associations with EA that are highly correlated with the combined effects of smoking. If our findings regarding EA can be generalized to other biologically distal environmental factors, then they cast doubt on the hypothesis that such factors have large effects on the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Karlsson Linnér
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelius A Rietveld
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Simpkin
- MRC Intergrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS28BN, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M Davies
- MRC Intergrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS28BN, United Kingdom
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, 6150, WA, Australia
| | - Kirsi Auro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers, PO Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Clemens Baumbach
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (AME), Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Munich, Germany, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jadwiga Buchwald
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Molecular and genetic epidemiology unit, Human Genetics Foundation Torino (HuGeF), Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14
| | - Khadeeja Ismail
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Stella Iurato
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, 80804, Germany
| | - Anni Joensuu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers, PO Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Pauliina Karell
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Silva Kasela
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Studies, Siltavuorenpenger 1A, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD
| | - Pooja R Mandaviya
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, 80804, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 708822, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, USA
| | - Mikko Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Box 6501, Stockholm, 11383, Sweden
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, UNSW Australia, High St., Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd., Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (AME), Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Munich, Germany, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- Molecular and genetic epidemiology unit, Human Genetics Foundation Torino (HuGeF), Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Studies, Siltavuorenpenger 1A, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Molecular and genetic epidemiology unit, Human Genetics Foundation Torino (HuGeF), Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), 28 Rue Laennec, Lyon, 69373, France
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (AME), Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Munich, Germany, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Tukholmankatu 8 B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (AME), Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Munich, Germany, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Hägg
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers, PO Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Joyce B C van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 2B, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers, PO Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, UNSW Australia, High St., Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker St. Randwick
| | - Erdogan Taskesen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Molecular and genetic epidemiology unit, Human Genetics Foundation Torino (HuGeF), Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy
- MRC/PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute and Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Intergrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS28BN, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Intergrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS28BN, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp D Koellinger
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Benjamin
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-3332, USA
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Ismaylova E, Di Sante J, Szyf M, Nemoda Z, Yu WJ, Pomares FB, Turecki G, Gobbi G, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Booij L. Serotonin transporter gene promoter methylation in peripheral cells in healthy adults: Neural correlates and tissue specificity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1032-1041. [PMID: 28774705 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early adversity can influence gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation. Peripheral tissues are essential in psychiatric epigenetics, as methylation generally cannot be assessed in the living human brain. Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies show associations of peripheral serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation with function and/or structure of frontal-limbic circuits and brain's resting-state. Commonly used samples are derived from blood, saliva or buccal cells. However, little is known regarding which peripheral tissue is most strongly associated with human brain processes. The aim of the current study was to compare the extent of the association between peripheral SLC6A4 promoter methylation and frontal-limbic function, structure and resting-state in healthy individuals across peripheral tissues. Forty healthy prospectively-followed adults underwent anatomical, resting-state and functional MRI. Saliva-, blood- and buccal-derived DNA methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Blood-derived SLC6A4 methylation was positively associated with superior frontal gray matter (GM) volume and with right lateral parietal area (RLP)-frontal pole regional resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Saliva-derived SLC6A4 methylation was positively associated with superior frontal GM volume. Buccal-derived SLC6A4 methylation was positively associated with superior and inferior frontal and anterior cingulate cortical (ACC) GM volumes, and with RLP-ACC, frontal pole and medial prefrontal regional rsFC. Current results confirmed the relevance of peripheral methylation for frontal-limbic processes in humans. Buccal cells may be the most sensitive cell type when studying SLC6A4 promoter methylation and its associated risk for neural vulnerability and resilience for psychopathologies in which serotonin is implicated. These data should be further validated in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Ismaylova
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jessica Di Sante
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zsofia Nemoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wei-Jo Yu
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Florence B Pomares
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Booij
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Epigenetic and genetic variants in the HTR1B gene and clinical improvement in children and adolescents treated with fluoxetine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:28-34. [PMID: 28025020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1B) is important to both the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder and the antidepressant effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Although fluoxetine has been shown to be effective and safe in children and adolescents, not all patients experience a proper clinical response, which has led to further study into the main factors involved in this inter-individual variability. Our aim was to study the effect of epigenetic and genetic factors that could affect 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (HTR1B) gene expression, and thereby response to fluoxetine. A total of 83 children and adolescents were clinically assessed 12weeks after of initiating an antidepressant treatment with fluoxetine for the first time. We evaluated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) specifically located in transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) on their clinical improvement. A combined genetic analysis considering the significant SNPs together with the functional variant rs130058 previously associated in our population was also performed. Moreover, we assessed, for the first time in the literature, whether methylation levels of the HTR1B promoter region could be associated with the pharmacological response. Two, rs9361233 and rs9361235, were significantly associated with clinical improvement after treatment with fluoxetine. The heterozygous genotype combination analysis showed a negative correlation with clinical improvement. The lowest improvement was experienced by patients who were heterozygous for all three SNPs. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between clinical improvement and the average methylation level of the HTR1B promoter. These results give new evidence for the role of epigenetic and genetic factors which could modulate HTR1B expression in the pharmacological response to antidepressants.
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Banlaki Z, Cimarelli G, Viranyi Z, Kubinyi E, Sasvari-Szekely M, Ronai Z. DNA methylation patterns of behavior-related gene promoter regions dissect the gray wolf from domestic dog breeds. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:685-697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Luoni A, Berry A, Raggi C, Bellisario V, Cirulli F, Riva MA. Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Stress on Bdnf Expression in Response to an Acute Challenge in Rats: a Role for Gadd45β. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:7037-7047. [PMID: 26676568 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to early adversities represents a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders. We have previously shown that exposure to prenatal stress (PNS) in rats alters the developmental expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) with a specific temporal profile. However, exposure to early-life stress is known to alter the ability to cope with challenging events later in life, which may contribute to the enhanced vulnerability to stress-related disorders. Since Bdnf is also an important player for activity-dependent plasticity, we investigated whether the exposure to PNS in rats could alter Bdnf responsiveness to an acute challenge at adulthood. We found that exposure to PNS produces significant changes in Bdnf responsiveness with brain region- and gender-specific selectivity. Indeed, exposure to an acute stress upregulates Bdnf expression in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus, of control animals. Moreover, such modulatory activity is selectively impaired in PNS female rats, an effect that was associated with changes in the modulation of the DNA demethylase Gadd45β. Our results suggest that exposure to PNS may reprogram gene transcription through epigenetic mechanisms reducing the ability to cope under adverse conditions, a trait that is disrupted in psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Berry
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - C Raggi
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - V Bellisario
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cirulli
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Early life adversity alters normal sex-dependent developmental dynamics of DNA methylation. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:1259-1272. [PMID: 27687908 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans suggest that epigenetic processes mediate between early life experiences and adult phenotype. However, the normal evolution of epigenetic programs during child development, the effect of sex, and the impact of early life adversity on these trajectories are not well understood. This study mapped the genome-wide DNA methylation changes in CD3+ T lymphocytes from rhesus monkeys from postnatal day 14 through 2 years of age in both males and females and determined the impact of maternal deprivation on the DNA methylation profile. We show here that DNA methylation profiles evolve from birth to adolescence and are sex dependent. DNA methylation changes accompany imposed weaning, attenuating the difference between males and females. Maternal separation at birth alters the normal evolution of DNA methylation profiles and targets genes that are also affected by a later stage maternal separation, that is, weaning. Our results suggest that early life events dynamically interfere with the normal developmental evolution of the DNA methylation profile and that these changes are highly effected by sex.
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Freitas-Silva LR, Ortega F. Biological determination of mental disorders: a discussion based on recent hypotheses from neuroscience. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32:e00168115. [PMID: 27580236 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00168115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes involved in the development of mental disorders has proven challenging ever since psychiatry was founded as a field. Neuroscience has provided new expectations that an explanation will be found for the development of mental disorders based on biological functioning alone. However, such a goal has not been that easy to achieve, and new hypotheses have begun to appear in neuroscience research. In this article we identify epigenetics, neurodevelopment, and plasticity as the principal avenues for a new understanding of the biology of mental phenomena. Genetic complexity, the environment's formative role, and variations in vulnerability involve important changes in the principal hypotheses on biological determination of mental disorders, suggesting a reconfiguration of the limits between the "social" and the "biological" in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Elagoz Yuksel M, Yuceturk B, Karatas OF, Ozen M, Dogangun B. The altered promoter methylation of oxytocin receptor gene in autism. J Neurogenet 2016; 30:280-284. [PMID: 27309964 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2016.1202951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the lifelong existing disorders. Abnormal methylation status of gene promoters of oxytonergic system has been implicated as among the etiologic factors of ASDs. We, therefore, investigated the methylation frequency of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) promoter from peripheral blood samples of children with autistic features. Our sample includes 66 children in total (22-94 months); 27 children with ASDs according to the DSM-IV-TR and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and 39 children who do not have any autistic like symptoms as the healthy control group. We investigated the DNA methylation status of OXTR promoter by methylation specific enzymatic digestion of genomic DNA and polymerase chain reaction. A significant relationship has been found between ASDs and healthy controls for the reduction of methylation frequency of the regions MT1 and MT3 of OXTR. We could not find any association in the methylation frequency of MT2 and MT4 regions of OXTR. Although our findings indicate high frequency of OXTR promoter hypomethylation in ASDs, there is need for independent replication of the results for a bigger sample set. We expect that future studies with the inclusion of larger, more homogeneous samples will attempt to disentangle the causes of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Elagoz Yuksel
- a Department of Children and Adolescent Mental Health Clinics , Trabzon Kanuni Research and Training Hospital , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Betul Yuceturk
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey.,c Advanced Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center , The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) , Gebze , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Erzurum Technical University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey.,e Department of Pathology and Immunology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,f Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Biruni University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Burak Dogangun
- g Department of Children and Adolescent Mental Health Clinics , Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Li J, Ye F, Xiao W, Tang X, Sha W, Zhang X, Wang J. Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels following electroconvulsive therapy or antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 36:23-8. [PMID: 27311104 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many schizophrenia patients experience residual symptoms even after treatment. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often used in medication-resistant schizophrenia patients when pharmacologic interventions have failed; however, the mechanism of action is unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are reduced in drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia and are increased by antipsychotic treatment. We tested the hypothesis that ECT increases serum BDNF levels by measuring BDNF concentrations in schizophrenia patients before and after they received ECT. METHODS A total of 160 patients with schizophrenia were examined. The ECT group (n=80) was treated with antipsychotics and ECT (eight to 10 sessions administered every other day). The drug therapy group (n=80) received only antipsychotic treatment. A control group (n=77) was recruited that served as the baseline for comparison. RESULTS Baseline serum BDNF level in ECT group was lower than in controls (9.7±2.1 vs. 12.4±3.2ng/ml; P<0.001), but increased after ECT, such that there was no difference between the two groups (11.9±3.3 vs. 12.4±3.2ng/ml; P=0.362). There was no correlation between patients' Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score and serum BDNF level before ECT; however, a negative correlation was observed after ECT (total: r=-0.692; P<0.01). From baseline to remission after ECT, serum BDNF level increased (P<0.001) and their PANSS score decreased (P<0.001). Changes in BDNF level (2.21±4.10ng/ml) and PANSS score (28.69±14.96) were positively correlated in the ECT group (r=0.630; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS BDNF level was lower in schizophrenia patients relative to healthy controls before ECT and medication. BDNF level increased after ECT and medication, and its longitudinal change was associated with changes in patients' psychotic symptoms. These results indicate that BDNF mediates the antipsychotic effects of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No. 13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - F Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - W Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - X Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - W Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China.
| | - J Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No. 13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
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Methylation of NR3C1 and SLC6A4 and internalizing problems. The TRAILS study. J Affect Disord 2015; 180:97-103. [PMID: 25889020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between early adverse life events and later internalizing problems could be mediated by DNA methylation. Adversity has been associated with higher methylation levels in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) in adolescents. We investigated cross-sectional and prospective associations of NR3C1 and SLC6A4 methylation with adolescents׳ clinical diagnoses of internalizing disorders and internalizing symptom scores. METHODS In a population sample (mean age=16.2) we measured DNA methylation in three regions of NR3C1 (NR3C1_1, N=454; NR3C1_2, N=904; NR3C1_3, N=412) and one region of SLC6A4 (N=939) at baseline. Internalizing problems were operationalized as clinical DSM-IV diagnoses, assessed at 3 year follow-up with a diagnostic interview, and internalizing symptom scores, assessed with Self-Report questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Only NR3C1_1 methylation was positively associated with risk of lifetime internalizing disorders, and with symptom scores at follow-up. However, after accounting for baseline symptom scores there was only a tendency for association with internalizing symptom scores at follow-up. There was no association between SLC6A4 methylation and risk of lifetime internalizing disorders. SLC6A4 methylation and internalizing symptom scores showed a tendency for association, also after accounting for baseline symptom scores. LIMITATIONS There was no repeated measure of DNA methylation to study causality between methylation and internalizing problems. Gene expression data were not available. CONCLUSIONS Although the role of gene methylation in the development of internalizing problems remains unclear, our findings suggest that gene methylation, particularly of NR3C1, may be involved in the development of internalizing problems in adolescence.
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Loke YJ, Hannan AJ, Craig JM. The Role of Epigenetic Change in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurol 2015; 6:107. [PMID: 26074864 PMCID: PMC4443738 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by problems with social communication, social interaction, and repetitive or restricted behaviors. ASD are comorbid with other disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, Rett syndrome, and Fragile X syndrome. Neither the genetic nor the environmental components have been characterized well enough to aid diagnosis or treatment of non-syndromic ASD. However, genome-wide association studies have amassed evidence suggesting involvement of hundreds of genes and a variety of associated genetic pathways. Recently, investigators have turned to epigenetics, a prime mediator of environmental effects on genomes and phenotype, to characterize changes in ASD that constitute a molecular level on top of DNA sequence. Though in their infancy, such studies have the potential to increase our understanding of the etiology of ASD and may assist in the development of biomarkers for its prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, and eventually in its prevention and intervention. This review focuses on the first few epigenome-wide association studies of ASD and discusses future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Jing Loke
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC , Australia
| | - Anthony John Hannan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC , Australia
| | - Jeffrey Mark Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC , Australia
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Moul C, Dobson-Stone C, Brennan J, Hawes DJ, Dadds MR. Serotonin 1B Receptor Gene (HTR1B) Methylation as a Risk Factor for Callous-Unemotional Traits in Antisocial Boys. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126903. [PMID: 25993020 PMCID: PMC4436296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin system is thought to play a role in the aetiology of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children. Previous research identified a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from the promoter region of the serotonin 1B receptor gene as being associated with CU traits in boys with antisocial behaviour problems. This research tested the hypothesis that CU traits are associated with reduced methylation of the promoter region of the serotonin 1B receptor gene due to the influence of methylation on gene expression. Participants (N = 117) were boys with antisocial behaviour problems aged 3-16 years referred to University of New South Wales Child Behaviour Research Clinics. Participants volunteered a saliva sample from which the genotype of a SNP from the promoter region of the serotonin 1B receptor gene and the methylation levels of 30 CpG sites from 3 CpG regions surrounding the location of this polymorphism were assayed. Lower levels of serotonin 1B receptor gene methylation were associated with higher levels of CU traits. This relationship, however, was found to be moderated by genotype and carried exclusively by two CpG sites for which levels of methylation were negatively associated with overall methylation levels in this region of the gene. Results provide support to the emerging literature that argues for a genetically-driven system-wide alteration in serotonin function in the aetiology of CU traits. Furthermore, the results suggest that there may be two pathways to CU traits that involve methylation of the serotonin 1B receptor gene; one that is driven by a genotypic risk and another that is associated with risk for generally increased levels of methylation. Future research that aims to replicate and further investigate these results is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moul
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Brennan
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J. Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark R. Dadds
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Berry A, Panetta P, Luoni A, Bellisario V, Capoccia S, Riva MA, Cirulli F. DecreasedBdnfexpression and reduced social behavior in periadolescent rats following prenatal stress. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 57:365-73. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Berry
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences; Section of Behavioral Neuroscience; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena 299 Rome 00161 Italy
| | - Pamela Panetta
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences; Section of Behavioral Neuroscience; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena 299 Rome 00161 Italy
| | - Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Milan; I-20133 Milan Italy
| | - Veronica Bellisario
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences; Section of Behavioral Neuroscience; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena 299 Rome 00161 Italy
| | - Sara Capoccia
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences; Section of Behavioral Neuroscience; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena 299 Rome 00161 Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Milan; I-20133 Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences; Section of Behavioral Neuroscience; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena 299 Rome 00161 Italy
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Abstract
Scientists have long considered genetics to be the key mechanism that alters gene expression because of exposure to the environment and toxic substances (toxicants). Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as an alternative explanation for alterations in gene expression resulting from such exposure. The fact that certain toxic substances that contribute to tumor development do not induce mutations probably results from underlying epigenetic mechanisms. The field of toxicoepigenomics emerged from the combination of epigenetics and classical toxicology. High-throughput technologies now enable evaluation of altered epigenomic profiling in response to toxins and environmental pollutants. Furthermore, differences in the epigenomic backgrounds of individuals may explain why, although whole populations are exposed to toxicants, only a few people in a population develop cancer. Metals in the environment and toxic substances not only alter DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications but also affect enzymes involved in posttranslational modifications of proteins and epigenetic regulation, and thereby contribute to carcinogenesis. This article describes different toxic substances and environmental pollutants that alter epigenetic profiling and discusses how this information can be used in screening populations at high risk of developing cancer. Research opportunities and challengers in the field also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Methods and Technologies Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 4E102, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA,
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Abstract
Epigenetics is one of the most rapidly expanding fields in the life sciences. Its rise is frequently framed as a revolutionary turn that heralds a new epoch both for gene-based epistemology and for the wider discourse on life that pervades knowledge-intensive societies of the molecular age. The fundamentals of this revolution remain however to be scrutinized, and indeed the very contours of what counts as 'epigenetic' are often blurred. This is reflected also in the mounting discourse on the societal implications of epigenetics, in which vast expectations coexist with significant uncertainty about what aspects of this science are most relevant for politics or policy alike. This is therefore a suitable time to reflect on the directions that social theory could most productively take in the scrutiny of this revolution. Here we take this opportunity in both its scholarly and normative dimension, that is, proposing a roadmap for social theorizing on epigenetics that does not shy away from, and indeed hopefully guides, the framing of its most socially relevant outputs. To this end, we start with an epistemological reappraisal of epigenetic discourse that valorizes the blurring of meanings as a critical asset for the field and privileged analytical entry point. We then propose three paths of investigation. The first looks at the structuring elements of controversies and visions around epigenetics. The second probes the mutual constitution between the epigenetic reordering of living phenomena and the normative settlements that orient individual and collective responsibilities. The third highlights the material import of epigenetics and the molecularization of culture that it mediates. We suggest that these complementary strands provide both an epistemically and socially self-reflective framework to advance the study of epigenetics as a molecular juncture between nature and nurture and thus as the new critical frontier in the social studies of the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Meloni
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Law and Social Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Honorary, College of Social Sciences and International Studies, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ, Exeter, UK
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
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Luoni A, Berry A, Calabrese F, Capoccia S, Bellisario V, Gass P, Cirulli F, Riva MA. Delayed BDNF alterations in the prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to prenatal stress: preventive effect of lurasidone treatment during adolescence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:986-95. [PMID: 24440552 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric diseases may often represent the consequence of exposure to adverse events early in life. Accordingly, exposure to stress during gestation in rats has a strong impact on development and can cause long-term abnormalities in adult behavior. Considering that neuronal plasticity has emerged as a major vulnerability element in psychiatric disorders, we investigated the postnatal developmental profile of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor expression (BDNF), an important mediator for long-term functional deterioration associated to mental illness, in male and female rats following exposure to prenatal stress (PNS). Since we found that the majority of alterations became fully manifest at early adulthood, we tried to prevent these abnormalities with an early pharmacological intervention. To address this point, we treated rats during adolescence with the multi-receptor antipsychotic lurasidone, which was proven to be effective in animal models of schizophrenia. Interestingly, we show that lurasidone treatment was able to prevent the reduction of BDNF expression in adult rats that were exposed to PNS. Collectively, our results provide further support to the notion that exposure to early life stress has a negative impact on neuronal plasticity and that pharmacological intervention during critical time windows may prove effective in preventing neuroplastic dysfunction, leading to long-term beneficial effects on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Berry
- Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Capoccia
- IRCCS "Centro San Giovanni di Dio" Fatebenefratelli, I-25134 Brescia, Italy
| | - V Bellisario
- Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - P Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - F Cirulli
- Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Rampp C, Binder EB, Provençal N. Epigenetics in posttraumatic stress disorder. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 128:29-50. [PMID: 25410540 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800977-2.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reported exposure to traumatic event is relatively common within the general population (40-90%), but only a fraction of individuals will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Indeed, the lifetime prevalence of PTSD is estimated to range between 7% and 12%. The factors influencing risk or resilience to PTSD after exposure to traumatic events are likely both environmental, such as type, timing, and extent of trauma, and genetic. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in mediating altered risk for PTSD as they can reflect both genetic and environmental influences. In this chapter, we describe the accumulating evidences for epigenetic factors in PTSD highlighting the importance of sensitive periods as well as methodological aspects such as tissue availabilities for such studies. We describe studies using a candidate gene approach focusing mainly on key players in the stress hormone regulation that show epigenetic alterations both in humans and in animal models for PTSD. We also summarize the results of epigenome-wide studies reporting associations with PTSD. For the above, we focus on one epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation, as it is so far the best studied for this disorder. Finally, we describe how epigenetic mechanisms could be responsible for the long-lasting effects of gene-environment interactions observed in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Rampp
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nadine Provençal
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Vidaki A, Daniel B, Court DS. Forensic DNA methylation profiling—Potential opportunities and challenges. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2013; 7:499-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kaplan BJ, Leung BM, Giesbrecht GF, Field CJ, Bernier FP, Tough S, Cui X, Dewey D. Increasing the quality of life from womb to grave: the importance of pregnancy and birth cohorts. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:85-9. [PMID: 23368833 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is revealing how "nature is nurtured", with environmental factors such as nutrition, environmental neurotoxicants, and psychological stress influencing DNA expression. In this current opinion paper, we argue that understanding the dynamic interplay between the genome acquired at conception and environmental exposures throughout life requires pregnancy and birth cohorts, and that greater Canadian national commitment to the infrastructure needed for sustaining such cohorts is warranted. We present a framework that is now being implemented in Alberta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie J Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada.
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30
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Kabro A, Lachance H, Marcoux-Archambault I, Perrier V, Doré V, Gros C, Masson V, Gregoire JM, Ausseil F, Cheishvili D, Laulan NB, St-Pierre Y, Szyf M, Arimondo PB, Gagnon A. Preparation of phenylethylbenzamide derivatives as modulators of DNMT3 activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Millan MJ. An epigenetic framework for neurodevelopmental disorders: from pathogenesis to potential therapy. Neuropharmacology 2012; 68:2-82. [PMID: 23246909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by aberrant and delayed early-life development of the brain, leading to deficits in language, cognition, motor behaviour and other functional domains, often accompanied by somatic symptoms. Environmental factors like perinatal infection, malnutrition and trauma can increase the risk of the heterogeneous, multifactorial and polygenic disorders, autism and schizophrenia. Conversely, discrete genetic anomalies are involved in Down, Rett and Fragile X syndromes, tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis, the less familiar Phelan-McDermid, Sotos, Kleefstra, Coffin-Lowry and "ATRX" syndromes, and the disorders of imprinting, Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes. NDDs have been termed "synaptopathies" in reference to structural and functional disturbance of synaptic plasticity, several involve abnormal Ras-Kinase signalling ("rasopathies"), and many are characterized by disrupted cerebral connectivity and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission. However, at a different level of integration, NDDs are accompanied by aberrant "epigenetic" regulation of processes critical for normal and orderly development of the brain. Epigenetics refers to potentially-heritable (by mitosis and/or meiosis) mechanisms controlling gene expression without changes in DNA sequence. In certain NDDs, prototypical epigenetic processes of DNA methylation and covalent histone marking are impacted. Conversely, others involve anomalies in chromatin-modelling, mRNA splicing/editing, mRNA translation, ribosome biogenesis and/or the regulatory actions of small nucleolar RNAs and micro-RNAs. Since epigenetic mechanisms are modifiable, this raises the hope of novel therapy, though questions remain concerning efficacy and safety. The above issues are critically surveyed in this review, which advocates a broad-based epigenetic framework for understanding and ultimately treating a diverse assemblage of NDDs ("epigenopathies") lying at the interface of genetic, developmental and environmental processes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neurodevelopmental Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Unit for Research and Discovery in Neuroscience, IDR Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, Paris, France.
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Hall FS, Perona MTG. Have studies of the developmental regulation of behavioral phenotypes revealed the mechanisms of gene-environment interactions? Physiol Behav 2012; 107:623-40. [PMID: 22643448 PMCID: PMC3447116 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the recent convergence of our long-standing knowledge of the regulation of behavioral phenotypes by developmental experience with recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms regulating gene expression. This review supports a particular perspective on the developmental regulation of behavioral phenotypes: That the role of common developmental experiences (e.g. maternal interactions, peer interactions, exposure to a complex environment, etc.) is to fit individuals to the circumstances of their lives within bounds determined by long-standing (evolutionary) mechanisms that have shaped responses to critical and fundamental types of experience via those aspects of gene structure that regulate gene expression. The phenotype of a given species is not absolute for a given genotype but rather variable within bounds that is determined by mechanisms regulated by experience (e.g. epigenetic mechanisms). This phenotypic variation is not necessarily random, or evenly distributed along a continuum of description or measurement, but often highly disjointed, producing distinct, even opposing, phenotypes. The potentiality for these varying phenotypes is itself the product of evolution, the potential for alternative phenotypes itself conveying evolutionary advantage. Examples of such phenotypic variation, resulting from environmental or experiential influences, have a long history of study in neurobiology, and a number of these will be discussed in this review: neurodevelopmental experiences that produce phenotypic variation in visual perception, cognitive function, and emotional behavior. Although other examples will be discussed, particular emphasis will be made on the role of social behavior on neurodevelopment and phenotypic determination. It will be argued that an important purpose of some aspects of social behavior is regulation of neurobehavioral phenotypes by experience via genetic regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scott Hall
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassel Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Clinicians learn less and less about more and more until they know nothing about everything; researchers learn more and more about less and less until they know everything about nothing: discuss. Behav Brain Sci 2012; 35:358-9. [PMID: 23095379 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x12001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A number of recent developments in our understanding of the biology of heritability question commonly held views on the immutability of genetic factors. These have numerous potential implications for improving understanding and practice in pre- and postconceptional care and for infant and child mental health, and they carry a cautionary message against overgeneralization.
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Suicide among war veterans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:2504-19. [PMID: 22851956 PMCID: PMC3407917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9072504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies aiming to identify if war veterans are at higher risk of suicide have often produced inconsistent results; this could be due to the complexity of comparisons and different methodological approaches. It should be noted that this contingent has many risk factors, such as stressful exposures, wounds, brain trauma and pain syndrome. Most recent observations confirm that veterans are really more likely to die of suicide as compared to the general population; they are also more likely to experience suicidal ideation and suffer from mental health problems. Suicides are more frequent in those who develop PTSD, depression and comorbid states due to war exposure. Combat stress and its’ frequency may be an important factor leading to suicide within the frame of the stress-vulnerability model. According to this model, the effects of stress may interact with social factors, interpersonal relations and psychological variables producing suicidal tendencies. Modern understanding of stress-vulnerability mechanisms based on genetic predispositions, early life development, level of exposure to stress and stress-reactivity together with interpersonal aspects may help to build more effective suicide prevention programs based on universal/selective/indicated prevention principles.
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Peripheral SLC6A4 DNA methylation is associated with in vivo measures of human brain serotonin synthesis and childhood physical aggression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39501. [PMID: 22745770 PMCID: PMC3379993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in addressing the role of DNA methylation in human behaviour is the fact that the brain is inaccessible to epigenetic analysis in living humans. Using positron emission tomography (PET) measures of brain serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, we found in a longitudinal sample that adult males with high childhood-limited aggression (C-LHPA) had lower in vivo 5-HT synthesis in the orbitofrontal cortex (OBFC). Here we hypothesized that 5-HT alterations associated with childhood aggression were linked to differential DNA methylation of critical genes in the 5-HT pathway and these changes were also detectable in peripheral white blood cells. Using pyrosequencing, we determined the state of DNA methylation of SLC6A4 promoter in T cells and monocytes isolated from blood of cohort members (N = 25) who underwent a PET scan, and we examined whether methylation status in the blood is associated with in vivo brain 5-HT synthesis. Higher levels of methylation were observed in both T cells and monocytes at specific CpG sites in the C-LHPA group. DNA methylation of SLC6A4 in monocytes appears to be associated more reliably with group membership than T cells. In both cell types the methylation state of these CpGs was associated with lower in vivo measures of brain 5-HT synthesis in the left and right lateral OBFC (N = 20) where lower 5-HT synthesis in C-LHPA group was observed. Furthermore, in vitro methylation of the SLC6A4 promoter in a luciferase reporter construct suppresses its transcriptional activity supporting a functional role of DNA methylation in SLC6A4 promoter regulation. These findings indicate that state of SLC6A4 promoter methylation is altered in peripheral white blood cells of individuals with physical aggression during childhood. This supports the relevance of peripheral DNA methylation for brain function and suggests that peripheral SLC6A4 DNA methylation could be a marker of central 5-HT function.
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Matrisciano F, Tueting P, Dalal I, Kadriu B, Grayson DR, Davis JM, Nicoletti F, Guidotti A. Epigenetic modifications of GABAergic interneurons are associated with the schizophrenia-like phenotype induced by prenatal stress in mice. Neuropharmacology 2012; 68:184-94. [PMID: 22564440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human studies suggest that a variety of prenatal stressors are related to high risk for cognitive and behavioral abnormalities associated with psychiatric illness (Markham and Koenig, 2011). Recently, a downregulation in the expression of GABAergic genes (i.e., glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 and reelin) associated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) overexpression in GABAergic neurons has been regarded as a characteristic phenotypic component of the neuropathology of psychotic disorders (Guidotti et al., 2011). Here, we characterized mice exposed to prenatal restraint stress (PRS) in order to study neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities related to development of schizophrenia in the adult. Offspring born from non-stressed mothers (control mice) showed high levels of DNMT1 and 3a mRNA expression in the frontal cortex at birth, but these levels progressively decreased at post-natal days (PND) 7, 14, and 60. Offspring born from stressed mothers (PRS mice) showed increased levels of DNMTs compared to controls at all time-points studied including at birth and at PND 60. Using GAD67-GFP transgenic mice, we established that, in both control and PRS mice, high levels of DNMT1 and 3a were preferentially expressed in GABAergic neurons of frontal cortex and hippocampus. Importantly, the overexpression of DNMT in GABAergic neurons was associated with a decrease in reelin and GAD67 expression in PRS mice in early and adult life. PRS mice also showed an increased binding of DNMT1 and MeCP2, and an increase in 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in specific CpG-rich regions of the reelin and GAD67 promoters. Thus, the epigenetic changes in PRS mice are similar to changes observed in the post-mortem brains of psychiatric patients. Behaviorally, adult PRS mice showed hyperactivity and deficits in social interaction, prepulse inhibition, and fear conditioning that were corrected by administration of valproic acid (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) or clozapine (an atypical antipsychotic with DNA-demethylation activity). Taken together, these data show that prenatal stress in mice induces abnormalities in the DNA methylation network and in behaviors indicative of a schizophrenia-like phenotype. Thus, PRS mice may be a valid model for the investigation of new drugs for schizophrenia treatment targeting DNA methylation. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neurodevelopmental Disorders'.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- GABAergic Neurons/metabolism
- Glutamate Decarboxylase/genetics
- Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Interneurons/metabolism
- Mice
- Motor Activity/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/genetics
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reelin Protein
- Restraint, Physical
- Schizophrenia/etiology
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Schizophrenia/metabolism
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Social Behavior
- Stress, Physiological/physiology
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
The term sociotype has been introduced to describe the dynamic relationship of an individual with his/her social environment throughout life. The sociotype is a conceptual framework to highlight, in addition to bio-medical pathways, the psycho-social and environmental factors necessary to understand responses to life stresses and patient self-management for chronic illness. The sociotype interacts with genotype expression through mate selection and metabolic programming, and with the phenotype to determine adaptation throughout life from birth to old age. Following on the work of Antonovsky, Engel, and McEwen, and others in the life and social sciences, the sociotype details and expands the many factors generally included in the environmental influences on a person's life identified here as the domains of health, relationships, and environment. Physiological mediators for sociotypic influences include: adrenal steroids and the sympathetic nervous system (allostatic load), and oxytocin (social neuroscience). The biological pathways are multiple through nutrition (essential dietary-derived amino- and fatty acids for neurotransmitter synthesis, caloric restriction, and diet-gene interactions), epigenesis, and metabolic programming. Nutrition influences growth and development, fertility and longevity, and also determines susceptibility to non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, and particularly diabetes and obesity, through in-utero effects, the development of intestinal flora (microbiome), and chronic stress. Thus the sociotype and nutrition are reciprocally related in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot M. Berry
- Braun School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Sabina De Geest
- Institute of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Matrisciano F, Tueting P, Maccari S, Nicoletti F, Guidotti A. Pharmacological activation of group-II metabotropic glutamate receptors corrects a schizophrenia-like phenotype induced by prenatal stress in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:929-38. [PMID: 22089319 PMCID: PMC3280642 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to restraint stress causes long-lasting changes in neuroplasticity that likely reflect pathological modifications triggered by early-life stress. We found that the offspring of dams exposed to repeated episodes of restraint stress during pregnancy (here named 'prenatal restraint stress mice' or 'PRS mice') developed a schizophrenia-like phenotype, characterized by a decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, an increased expression of type-1 DNA methyl transferase (DNMT1) in the frontal cortex, and a deficit in social interaction, locomotor activity, and prepulse inhibition. PRS mice also showed a marked decrease in metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) and mGlu3 receptor mRNA and protein levels in the frontal cortex, which was manifested at birth and persisted in adult life. This decrease was associated with an increased binding of DNMT1 to CpG-rich regions of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor promoters and an increased binding of MeCP2 to the mGlu2 receptor promoter. Systemic treatment with the selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., twice daily for 5 days), corrected all the biochemical and behavioral abnormalities shown in PRS mice. Our data show for the first time that PRS induces a schizophrenia-like phenotype in mice, and suggest that epigenetic changes in mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors lie at the core of the pathological programming induced by early-life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Patricia Tueting
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Neuroplasticity Team – CNRS UMR 8576/UGSF, North University of Lille1, Lille, France
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome ‘Sapienza', Rome, Italy,INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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