1
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Irvine NA, West AL, Von Gerichten J, Miles EA, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. Exogenous tetracosahexaenoic acid modifies the fatty acid composition of human primary T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cell leukemia cells contingent on cell type. Lipids 2023; 58:185-196. [PMID: 37177900 PMCID: PMC10946481 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6ω-3) is an intermediate in the conversion of 18:3ω-3 to 22:6ω-3 in mammals. There is limited information about whether cells can assimilate and metabolize exogenous 24:6ω-3. This study compared the effect of incubation with 24:6ω-3 on the fatty acid composition of two related cell types, primary CD3+ T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cell leukemia, which differ in the integrity of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis pathway. 24:6ω-3 was only detected in either cell type when cells were incubated with 24:6ω-3. Incubation with 24:6ω-3 induced similar increments in the amount of 22:6ω-3 in both cell types and modified the homeoviscous adaptations fatty acid composition induced by activation of T lymphocytes. The effect of incubation with 18:3ω-3 compared to 24:6ω-3 on the increment in 22:6ω-3 was tested in Jurkat cells because primary T cells cannot convert 18:3ω-3 to 22:6ω-3. The increment in the 22:6ω-3 content of Jurkat cells incubated with 24:6ω-3 was 19.5-fold greater than that of cells incubated with 18:3ω-3. Acyl-coA oxidase siRNA knockdown decreased the amount of 22:6ω-3 and increased the amount of 24:6ω-3 in Jurkat cells. These findings show exogenous 24:6ω-3 can be incorporated into primary human T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells and induces changes in fatty acid composition consistent with its conversion to 22:6ω-3 via a mechanism involving peroxisomal β-oxidation that is regulated independently from the integrity of the upstream PUFA synthesis pathway. One further implication is that consuming 24:6ω-3 may be an effective alternative means of achieving health benefits attributed to 20:5ω-3 and 22:6ω-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A. Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Johanna Von Gerichten
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Barbara A. Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
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2
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Schaub J, McLaskey AK, Forster I, Hunt BPV. Size‐based changes in trophic ecology and nutritional quality of moon jellyfish (
Aurelia labiata
). Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schaub
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Anna K. McLaskey
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
| | - Ian Forster
- Pacific Science Enterprise Center Fisheries and Oceans Canada West Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Brian P. V. Hunt
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
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3
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Zhukova NV. Fatty Acids of Echinoderms: Diversity, Current Applications and Future Opportunities. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010021. [PMID: 36662194 PMCID: PMC9865275 DOI: 10.3390/md21010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Echinodermata comprising the classes Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Crinodeia, is one of the important invertebrate groups. Members of this phylum live exclusively in marine habitats and are distributed in almost all depths and latitudes. Some of them, such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers, are commercially valuable and constitute a major fishery resource. Echinoderms are increasingly recognized as a unique source of various metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. The importance of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid, in human health has drawn attention to echinoderms as a promising source of essential fatty acids (FAs). Extensive information on the FAs of the phylum has been accumulated to date. The biosynthetic capabilities and feeding habits of echinoderms explain the findings of the unusual FAs in them. Certain common and unusual FAs may serve as chemotaxonomic markers of the classes. The main goal of the review was to gather the relevant information on the distribution of FAs among the echinoderm classes, describe the structures, distribution, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivity, with an emphasis on the FAs specific for echinoderms. A large part of the review is devoted to the FAs derived from echinoderms that exhibit various biological activities promising for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zhukova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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4
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Stenvers V, Chi X, Javidpour J. Seasonal variability of the fatty acid composition in Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa): implications for gelativore food web studies. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2020; 42:440-452. [PMID: 32665765 PMCID: PMC7344386 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish population play an important role in aquatic food chains, and many animals predate on this 'mostly water containing' organisms. However, what gelativores predators could gain from their prey is still poorly understood. This study provides insight into the nutritional value of the moon jelly (Aurelia aurita) by means of its fatty acid (FA) composition, while investigating seasonal variability and differences between its free-swimming life stages. A biweekly sampling was carried out in a temperate coastal ecosystem, the Kiel Fjord, Germany and during two consecutive years. FA profile of A. aurita showed significant seasonal variability, while mature medusae (due to reproductive tissues) possessed highest FA content. In addition, moon jelly contained several essential FAs (i.e. arachidonic acid, 20:4ω6; eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5ω3; docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6ω3), which likely support predator's vital physiological functions. Even though total FA contents proved to be low (7 × 10-3-34 × 10-3% per g dry weight), evidence supporting A. aurita's capability to meet the dietary requirements of predators such as fish and crustaceans is provided. Finally, implications for gelativore and future food web configurations are discussed, while proposing that jellyfish are likely to be, and become, more than an opportunistic prey to many organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Stenvers
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xupeng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jamileh Javidpour
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230-Odense, Denmark
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5
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Angilè F, Del Coco L, Girelli CR, Basso L, Rizzo L, Piraino S, Stabili L, Fanizzi FP. 1H NMR Metabolic Profile of Scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria) in Female Gonads and Somatic Tissues: Preliminary Results. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040806. [PMID: 32069847 PMCID: PMC7070884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin is one of the regions heavily affected by jellyfish bloom phenomena, mainly due to the presence of scyphozoans, such as Rhizostoma pulmo. The jellyfish have few natural predators, and their bodies represent an organic-rich substrate that can support rapid bacterial growth with great impact on the structure of marine food webs. In Asiatic countries, jellyfish are widely studied for their health benefits, but their nutritional and nutraceutical values still remain poorly characterized. In this study, the differences in the 1H NMR spectroscopy metabolic profiles of R. pulmo female gonads and body fractions (including umbrella and oral arms), in different sampling periods, were studied. For each body compartment both lipid and aqueous extracts were characterized and their 1H NMR metabolic profiles subjected to multivariate analysis. From a statistical analysis of the extracts, a higher contents of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), amino acid and osmolytes (homarine, betaine, taurine) with important roles in marine invertebrates were observed in female gonads, whereas umbrella and oral arms showed similar metabolic profiles. These results support a sustainable exploitation of the jellyfish for the extraction of bioactive compounds useful in nutraceutical, nutricosmetics, and functional food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Angilè
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Chiara Roberta Girelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196 Roma, Italy;
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196 Roma, Italy;
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196 Roma, Italy;
| | - Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
- Water Research Institute of the National Research Council, (IRSA-CNR), Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
- CIRCMSB, Piazza Umberto I, 1, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-299265
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6
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Stabili L, Rizzo L, Fanizzi FP, Angilè F, Del Coco L, Girelli CR, Lomartire S, Piraino S, Basso L. The Jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (Cnidaria): Biochemical Composition of Ovaries and Antibacterial Lysozyme-like Activity of the Oocyte Lysate. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:E17. [PMID: 30597935 PMCID: PMC6356739 DOI: 10.3390/md17010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish outbreaks in marine coastal areas represent an emergent problem worldwide, with negative consequences on human activities and ecosystem functioning. However, potential positive effects of jellyfish biomass proliferation may be envisaged as a natural source of bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical interest. We investigated the biochemical composition of mature female gonads and lysozyme antibacterial activity of oocytes in the Mediterranean barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo. Chemical characterization was performed by means of multinuclear and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The ovaries of R. pulmo were mainly composed of water (93.7 ± 1.9% of wet weight), with organic matter (OM) and dry weight made respectively of proteins (761.76 ± 25.11 µg mg-1 and 45.7 ± 1.5%), lipids (192.17 ± 10.56 µg mg-1 and 9.6 ± 0.6%), and carbohydrates (59.66 ± 2.72 µg mg-1 and 3.7 ± 0.3%). The aqueous extract of R. pulmo gonads contained free amino acids, organic acids, and derivatives; the lipid extract was composed of triglycerides (TG), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), diunsaturated fatty acids (DUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and minor components such as sterols and phospholipids. The R. pulmo oocyte lysate exhibited an antibacterial lysozyme-like activity (mean diameter of lysis of 9.33 ± 0.32 mm corresponding to 1.21 mg/mL of hen egg-white lysozyme). The occurrence of defense molecules is a crucial mechanism to grant healthy development of mature eggs and fertilized embryos (and the reproductive success of the species) by preventing marine bacterial overgrowth. As a corollary, these results call for future investigations for an exploitation of R. pulmo biomasses as a resource of bioactive metabolites of biotechnological importance including pharmaceuticals and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) of the National Research Council, S.S. Talassografico of Taranto, Via Roma 3, 74122 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 00196, 9- Roma, Italy.
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Federica Angilè
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Chiara Roberta Girelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Silvia Lomartire
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 00196, 9- Roma, Italy.
| | - Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 00196, 9- Roma, Italy.
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7
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Park HG, Lawrence P, Engel MG, Kothapalli K, Brenna JT. Metabolic fate of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in human cells: direct retroconversion of DHA to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) dominates over elongation to tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3). FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3188-94. [PMID: 27543786 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) supplementation in humans causes eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) levels to rise in plasma, but not in neural tissue where 22:6n-3 is the major omega-3 in phospholipids. We determined whether neuronal cells (Y79 and SK-N-SH) metabolize 22:6n-3 differently from non-neuronal cells (MCF7 and HepG2). We observed that (13) C-labeled 22:6n-3 was primarily esterified into cell lipids. We also observed that retroconversion of 22:6n-3 to 20:5n-3 was 5- to 6-fold greater in non-neural compared to neural cells and that retroconversion predominated over elongation to tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3) by 2-5-fold. The putative metabolic intermediates, (13) C-labeled 22:5n-3 and (13) C-labeled 24:5n-3, were not detected in our assays. Analysis of the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation revealed that MCF7 cells abundantly expressed the mitochondrial enzymes CPT1A, ECI1, and DECR1, whereas the peroxisomal enzyme ACOX1 was abundant in HepG2 cells, thus suggesting that the initial site of 22:6n-3 oxidation depends on the cell type. Our data reveal that non-neural cells more actively metabolize 22:6n-3 to 20:5n-3 via channeled retroconversion, while neural cells retain 22:6n-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew G Engel
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kumar Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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8
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“Gone with the wind”: Fatty acid biomarkers and chemotaxonomy of stranded pleustonic hydrozoans (Velella velella and Physalia physalis). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Svetashev V, Kharlamenko V. Occurrence of Hexacosapolyenoic Acids 26:7(n-3), 26:6(n-3), 26:6(n-6) and 26:5(n-3) in Deep-Sea Brittle Stars from Near the Kuril Islands. Lipids 2015; 50:691-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Fatty Acid, Lipid Class, and Phospholipid Molecular Species Composition of the Soft Coral Xenia sp. (Nha Trang Bay, the South China Sea, Vietnam). Lipids 2015; 50:575-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Suo R, Li H, Yoshinaga K, Nagai T, Mizobe H, Kojima K, Nagao K, Beppu F, Gotoh N. Generation of Tetracosahexaenoic Acid in Benthic Marine Organisms. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:721-7. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Suo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Haoqi Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | | | | | | | | | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
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12
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Nagao K, Nakamitsu K, Ishida H, Yoshinaga K, Nagai T, Mizobe H, Kojima K, Yanagita T, Beppu F, Gotoh N. A Comparison of the Lipid-lowering Effects of Four Different n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in HepG2 Cells. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:979-85. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Couturier LIE, Rohner CA, Richardson AJ, Pierce SJ, Marshall AD, Jaine FRA, Townsend KA, Bennett MB, Weeks SJ, Nichols PD. Unusually high levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in whale sharks and reef manta rays. Lipids 2013; 48:1029-34. [PMID: 23975574 PMCID: PMC3779593 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) signature analysis has been increasingly used to assess dietary preferences and trophodynamics in marine animals. We investigated FA signatures of connective tissue of the whale shark Rhincodon typus and muscle tissue of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi. We found high levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), dominated by arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; 12–17 % of total FA), and comparatively lower levels of the essential n-3 PUFA—eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; ~1 %) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; 3–10 %). Whale sharks and reef manta rays are regularly observed feeding on surface aggregations of coastal crustacean zooplankton during the day, which generally have FA profiles dominated by n-3 PUFA. The high levels of n-6 PUFA in both giant elasmobranchs raise new questions about the origin of their main food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I E Couturier
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia,
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14
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Thomas MC, Dunn SR, Altvater J, Dove SG, Nette GW. Rapid Identification of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in a Marine Extract by HPLC-MS Using Data-Dependent Acquisition. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5976-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3006523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Thomas
- Independent
Marine Biochemical
Research, Moreton Bay Research Station,
Dunwich Qld 4183, Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in
Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Simon R. Dunn
- ARC Centre for Excellence in
Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Jens Altvater
- Independent
Marine Biochemical
Research, Moreton Bay Research Station,
Dunwich Qld 4183, Australia
| | - Sophie G. Dove
- ARC Centre for Excellence in
Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W. Nette
- Independent
Marine Biochemical
Research, Moreton Bay Research Station,
Dunwich Qld 4183, Australia
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15
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Lassek WD, Gaulin SJC. Sex differences in the relationship of dietary Fatty acids to cognitive measures in american children. FRONTIERS IN EVOLUTIONARY NEUROSCIENCE 2011; 3:5. [PMID: 22065957 PMCID: PMC3206402 DOI: 10.3389/fnevo.2011.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because the first neurons evolved in an environment high in the n−3 (omega-3) fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), this fatty acid became a major component of neural structure and function and makes up 10% of the dry weight of the human brain. Since n−3 fatty acids must come from the diet, this suggests a possible positive role for dietary n−3 fatty acids in cognition and a possible negative role for n−6 fatty acids, which compete with n−3 for access to critical enzymes. Because human females must provide DHA for the growth of the unusually large brains of their offspring from maternal fat stored during childhood, their need for DHA is especially great. We used stepwise regression to determine whether particular dietary fatty acids and other nutrients were related to cognitive performance in over 4000 American children aged 6–16 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; a variety of possible biological, social, and environmental risk factors were statistically controlled. In this context the only dietary factors related to cognitive performance were n−3 and n−6 fatty acids. Dietary n−3 fatty acids were positively related to cognitive test scores in male and female children, while n−6 showed the reverse relationship, significantly so in females. In female children the positive effects of n−3 intake were twice as strong as in males and exceeded the negative effects of lead exposure. This suggests that increasing dietary intake of n−3 and decreasing n−6 fatty acids may have cognitive benefits in children, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Lassek
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Efficient synthesis of the very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids, tetracosahexaenoic acid (C24:6n-3) and tricosahexaenoic acid (C23:6n-3). Lipids 2011; 46:455-61. [PMID: 21347745 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetracosahexaenoic acid (C(24):6n-3, THA, 3) is an essential biosynthetic precursor in mammals of docosahexaenoic acid (C(22):6n-3, DHA, 1), the end-product of the metabolism of n-3 fatty acids. THA 3 is present in commercially valuable fishes, such as flathead flounder. Tricosahexaenoic acid (C(23):6n-3, TrHA, 2), an odd-numbered-chain fatty acid, has been identified from marine organisms such as the dinoflagellate, Amphidinium carterae. To date, few studies have examined THA 3 and TrHA 2 due to difficulties in detecting and identifying these compounds, so their chemical and biological properties remain poorly characterized. Only one methodology for the chemical synthesis of THA 3 has been presented, and no method for the synthesis of TrHA 2 has been reported. We report here the efficient synthesis of THA 3 in four steps in 56% overall yield, and the synthesis of TrHA 2 in six steps in 48% overall yield. We also present the synthesis of Δ(2)-THA 4, an intermediate of β-oxidation of THA 3 to DHA 1, in three steps in 73% overall yield.
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Morais ZB, Pintão AM, Costa IM, Calejo MT, Bandarra NM, Abreu P. Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant Effects of JellyfishCatostylus tagifrom Sado Estuary (SW Portugal). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850802581799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nichols PD, Mancuso Nichols CA. Microbial signature lipid profiling and exopolysaccharides: Experiences initiated with Professor David C White and transported to Tasmania, Australia. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 74:33-46. [PMID: 17669527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Developments and applications with signature lipid and exopolysaccharide (EPS) methodologies covering a thirty year period in the DC White laboratories at Florida State University and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville are illustrated. These powerful techniques were used to gain new insight into microbial communities, not obtainable by classical approaches. Selected case examples are highlighted and include: use of a specific dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) derivitization procedure with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) to precisely determine double bond position and geometry; application of the DMDS procedure in taxonomic and environmental studies including the degradation of pollutant halogenated hydrocarbons in groundwater and subsurface aquifers; exploiting the ubiquitous nature of uronic acids in microbial EPS to quantify these exopolymers in complex environmental samples; development of rapid and non-destructive approaches including FT-IR to follow biofilm formation in a unique manner not possible with other approaches. The foundations laid in the DC White laboratories have seen a wide suite of applications in modern microbial ecology and associated fields. The training of young scientists by DC White will also ensure that his unique approach and quest for new and or novel methodologies for use in environmental microbiology will continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Nichols
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
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Portolesi R, Powell BC, Gibson RA. Competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for Δ6 desaturase may limit the accumulation of DHA in HepG2 cell membranes. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1592-8. [PMID: 17409318 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700081-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) twice in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) suggests that this enzyme may play a key regulatory role in the synthesis and accumulation of DHA from ALA. We examined this using an in vitro model of fatty acid metabolism to measure the accumulation of the long-chain metabolites of ALA in HepG2 cell phospholipids. The accumulation of ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3), and 24:5n-3 in cell phospholipids was linearly related to the concentration of supplemented ALA over the range tested (1.8-72 microM). The accumulation of the post-D6D products of 22:5n-3, 24:6n-3 and DHA, in cell phospholipids was saturated at concentrations of >18 microM ALA. Supplementation of HepG2 cells with preformed DHA revealed that, although the accumulation of DHA in cell phospholipids approached saturation, the level of DHA in cell phospholipids was significantly greater compared with the accumulation of DHA from ALA, indicating that the accumulation of DHA from ALA was not limited by incorporation. The parallel pattern of accumulation of 24:6n-3 and DHA in response to increasing concentrations of ALA suggests that the competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for D6D may contribute to the limited accumulation of DHA in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Portolesi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Seaborn GT, Katherine Moore M, Balazs GH. Depot fatty acid composition in immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) residing at two near-shore foraging areas in the Hawaiian Islands. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 140:183-95. [PMID: 15649765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Revised: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 09/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The lipid content and fatty acid composition of depot fat were determined for 58 immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) residing at two near-shore foraging areas, Ahu-O-Laka, located in Kaneohe Bay on Oahu, and Kiholo Bay located on the island of Hawaii. Benthic flora at Kiholo was limited to a single algal species but included algae and seagrass at Ahu-O-Laka. Turtle straight carapace length ranged from 38.6 to 59.2 cm, suggesting that the sample set included new recruits to up to 12-year residents. Fatty acid data were analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA). PC1 accounted for over 50% of the variance. Turtles were generally delineated along PC1 by the length of time on benthic foraging grounds, with high (>0.75) negative loadings for the fatty acids 22:6n-3, 7M7H, t16:1n-10, 15:0, and 17:0 associated with relatively new recruits (suggesting a pelagic dietary source for these fatty acids) and high positive loadings for 12:0 and 14:0 associated with long-term residents. PC2 separated turtles primarily by capture location, with high positive loadings for 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 [the primary seagrass polyunsaturated fatty acids] associated with the Ahu-O-Laka turtles. Fatty acid profiles of turtles from both locations differed substantially from those of their benthic diets, suggesting considerable modification of dietary fatty acids and de novo biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria T Seaborn
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Mansour MP, Holdsworth DG, Forbes SE, Macleod CK, Volkman JK. High contents of 24:6(n-3) and 20:1(n-13) fatty acids in the brittle star Amphiura elandiformis from Tasmanian coastal sediments. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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