1
|
Sohouli MH, Roshan MM, Olusola OF, Fatahi S, Omidi HR, Sharifi P, Hekmatdoost A, Kutbi E, Abu-Zaid A. Impact of Omega-3 supplementation on homocysteine levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2013-2025. [PMID: 35843792 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although some evidence suggests that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation influences enzymes involved in forming homocysteine (Hcy) and improving hyperhomocysteinemia, these findings are still contradictory in humans. The aim of this systematic and meta-analysis study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on Hcy using existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SYNTHESIS Available databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were searched to find relevant RCTs up to June 2021. The effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). CONCLUSION A total of 20 RCT studies with 2676 participants were included in this article. Our analyses have shown that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced plasma Hcy levels (WMD: 1.34 μmol/L; 95% CI: 1.97 to -0.72; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. The results of subgroup analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation during the intervention <12 weeks and with a dose ≥3 gr per day causes a more significant decrease in Hcy levels than the intervention ≥12 weeks and at a dose <3 gr. In addition, omega-3 supplements appear to have more beneficial effects in individuals with high levels of normal Hcy. This meta-analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation significantly improved Hcy. However, further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdinezhad Roshan
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olowoselu F Olusola
- Consultant Haematologist and Senior Lecturer, Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Omidi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Sharifi
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Emad Kutbi
- Department of Biorepository, Biomedical Research Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shared Biological Pathways between Antipsychotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Key Feature for Schizophrenia Preventive Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136881. [PMID: 34206945 PMCID: PMC8269187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia typically emerges during adolescence, with progression from an ultra-high risk state (UHR) to the first episode of psychosis (FEP) followed by a chronic phase. The detailed pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the factors leading to progression across these stages remain relatively unknown. The current treatment relies on antipsychotics, which are effective for FEP and chronic schizophrenia but ineffective for UHR patients. Antipsychotics modulate dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, oxidative stress, and membrane lipids pathways. Many of these biological pathways intercommunicate and play a role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. In this context, research of preventive treatment in early stages has explored the antipsychotic effects of omega-3 supplementation in UHR and FEP patients. This review summarizes the action of omega-3 in various biological systems involved in schizophrenia. Similar to antipsychotics, omega-3 supplementation reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, improves myelination, modifies the properties of cell membranes, and influences dopamine and glutamate pathways. Omega-3 supplementation also modulates one-carbon metabolism, the endocannabinoid system, and appears to present neuroprotective properties. Omega-3 has little side effects compared to antipsychotics and may be safely prescribed for UHR patients and as an add-on for FEP patients. This could to lead to more efficacious individualised treatments, thus contributing to precision medicine in psychiatry.
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith AD, Jernerén F, Refsum H. ω-3 fatty acids and their interactions. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:775-778. [PMID: 33711096 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Jernerén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Balbino KP, Juvanhol LL, Wendling AL, Marota LD, Costa JBS, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Dietary intake, clinical-nutritional status, and homocysteine in hemodialysis subjects: the mediating role of inflammation (NUGE-HD study). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:845-850. [PMID: 32680432 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that inflammation mediates the associations among food intake, clinical-nutritional status, and plasma homocysteine (Hcys) in hemodialysis (HD) subjects. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data on 129 subjects undergoing HD (58.9% male, 61.8 ± 15.5 years of age) from the cohort Nutrition and Genetics on HD outcomes (NUGE-HD study). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and metabolic data were collected, and food intake was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as an inflammatory marker. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Regarding the direct effects, complex B vitamin intake was negatively associated with body mass index, and diabetes mellitus was positively associated with CRP. Plasma CRP also showed a negative association with Hcys, and the ratio of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids intake showed a positive association with Hcys. Regarding indirect effects, the results showed that the relationship between the presence of diabetes mellitus and Hcys is mediated by plasma CRP. In conclusion, the ratio of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids had a direct effect on plasma Hcys, whereas inflammation had a direct and mediating effect on the relationship between Hcys and diabetes mellitus in HD subjects. Novelty In end-stage renal disease, CRP influences plasma Hcys directly and also indirectly through its mediating effect. The quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids influence plasma Hcys concentrations in HD subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pereira Balbino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Lage Wendling
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vitamin B2 and Folate Concentrations are Associated with ARA, EPA and DHA Fatty Acids in Red Blood Cells of Brazilian Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122918. [PMID: 31810311 PMCID: PMC6950420 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate are essential for methylation reactions and possibly influence the transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and red blood cells (RBC). Associations between B-vitamin biomarkers and fatty acid (FA) profile were analyzed in Brazilian children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 249 children and adolescents, aged 9–13 years old. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire and the healthy eating index (HEI). Biomarkers for vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate were measured in plasma. The FA profile and the metabolites of one-carbon metabolism were measured in RBC. Associations were tested with multiple linear regression models. An increase of 1 nmol/L in vitamin B2 was associated with an increase of 0.19 mg/dL of EPA, 0.20 mg/dL of ARA, and 0.25 mg/dL of DHA in RBC. An increase of 1 ng/mL in plasma folate was associated with an increase of 0.14 mg/dL of EPA, 0.22 mg/dL of ARA, and 0.21 mg/dL of DHA in RBC. These findings highlight the importance of an adequate intake of vitamin B2 and folate in childhood, since they may improve the FA profile in RBCs and may help prevent cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Teixeira JA, Steluti J, Gorgulho BM, Carioca AAF, Alencar GP, Fisberg RM, Marchioni DM. Prudent dietary pattern influences homocysteine level more than folate, vitamin B12, and docosahexaenoic acid: a structural equation model approach. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:81-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
7
|
Visram M, Radulovic M, Steiner S, Malanovic N, Eichmann TO, Wolinski H, Rechberger GN, Tehlivets O. Homocysteine regulates fatty acid and lipid metabolism in yeast. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5544-5555. [PMID: 29414770 PMCID: PMC5900771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase; Sah1 in yeast/AHCY in mammals) degrades AdoHcy, a by-product and strong product inhibitor of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methylation reactions, to adenosine and homocysteine (Hcy). This reaction is reversible, so any elevation of Hcy levels, such as in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), drives the formation of AdoHcy, with detrimental consequences for cellular methylation reactions. HHcy, a pathological condition linked to cardiovascular and neurological disorders, as well as fatty liver among others, is associated with a deregulation of lipid metabolism. Here, we developed a yeast model of HHcy to identify mechanisms that dysregulate lipid metabolism. Hcy supplementation to wildtype cells up-regulated cellular fatty acid and triacylglycerol content and induced a shift in fatty acid composition, similar to changes observed in mutants lacking Sah1. Expression of the irreversible bacterial pathway for AdoHcy degradation in yeast allowed us to dissect the impact of AdoHcy accumulation on lipid metabolism from the impact of elevated Hcy. Expression of this pathway fully suppressed the growth deficit of sah1 mutants as well as the deregulation of lipid metabolism in both the sah1 mutant and Hcy-exposed wildtype, showing that AdoHcy accumulation mediates the deregulation of lipid metabolism in response to elevated Hcy in yeast. Furthermore, Hcy supplementation in yeast led to increased resistance to cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase, as well as to a concomitant decline of condensing enzymes involved in very long-chain fatty acid synthesis, in line with the observed shift in fatty acid content and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Visram
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Maja Radulovic
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Sabine Steiner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Nermina Malanovic
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Thomas O. Eichmann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Gerald N. Rechberger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and ,the Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oksana Tehlivets
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reddan JM, White DJ, Macpherson H, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Glycerophospholipid Supplementation as a Potential Intervention for Supporting Cerebral Structure in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:49. [PMID: 29563868 PMCID: PMC5845902 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying nutritional intake through supplementation may be efficacious for altering the trajectory of cerebral structural decline evident with increasing age. To date, there have been a number of clinical trials in older adults whereby chronic supplementation with B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, or resveratrol, has been observed to either slow the rate of decline or repair cerebral tissue. There is also some evidence from animal studies indicating that supplementation with glycerophospholipids (GPL) may benefit cerebral structure, though these effects have not yet been investigated in adult humans. Despite this paucity of research, there are a number of factors predicting poorer cerebral structure in older humans, which GPL supplementation appears to beneficially modify or protect against. These include elevated concentrations of homocysteine, unbalanced activity of reactive oxygen species both increasing the risk of oxidative stress, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory messengers, as well as poorer cardio- and cerebrovascular function. As such, it is hypothesized that GPL supplementation will support cerebral structure in older adults. These cerebral effects may influence cognitive function. The current review aims to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical trials investigating the effects of GPL supplementation on cerebral structural integrity in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery M Reddan
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The biosynthesis of B12, involving up to 30 different enzyme-mediated steps, only occurs in bacteria. Thus, most eukaryotes require an external source of B12, and yet the vitamin appears to have only two functions in eukaryotes: as a cofactor for the enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonylCoA mutase. These two functions are crucial for normal health in humans, and in particular, the formation of methionine is essential for providing methyl groups for over 100 methylation processes. Interference with the methionine synthase reaction not only depletes the body of methyl groups but also leads to the accumulation of homocysteine, a risk factor for many diseases. The syndrome pernicious anemia, characterized by lack of intrinsic factor, leads to a severe, sometimes fatal form of B12 deficiency. However, there is no sharp cutoff for B12 deficiency; rather, there is a continuous inverse relationship between serum B12 and a variety of undesirable outcomes, including neural tube defects, stroke, and dementia. The brain is particularly vulnerable; in children, inadequate B12 stunts brain and intellectual development. Suboptimal B12 status (serum B12<300pmol/L) is very common, occurring in 30%-60% of the population, in particular in pregnant women and in less-developed countries. Thus, many tens of millions of people in the world may suffer harm from having a poor B12 status. Public health steps are urgently needed to correct this inadequacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vidoni ML, Pettee Gabriel K, Luo ST, Simonsick EM, Day RS. Vitamin B12 and Homocysteine Associations with Gait Speed in Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1321-1328. [PMID: 29188896 PMCID: PMC5726303 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the independent associations of serum levels of vitamin B12 and plasma concentrations of homocysteine with gait speed decline. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS This study utilized longitudinal analysis of participants 50 years or older from The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, N=774. MEASUREMENTS Gait speed (m/s) was assessed using the 6-meter usual pace test. Vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations were collected using standard clinical protocols. Linear mixed effects regression was stratified by baseline age category (50-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years old). RESULTS Mean follow-up time for the total study sample was 5.4 ± 2.0 years. No association between vitamin B12 and gait speed decline over the follow-up time for any age group was found. Elevated homocysteine concentrations were associated with decline in gait speed after adjustment for covariates (50-69: β= -0.005, p=.057; 70-79: β= -0.013, p<.001, ≥80: β= -0.007, p=.054). CONCLUSION Homocysteine and vitamin B12 are inversely related, yet only homocysteine was associated with gait speed decline in this population of healthy older adults. Given these results, future research should be directed towards investigating the relationship in populations with greater variation in vitamin B12 concentrations and other mechanisms influencing homocysteine concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Vidoni
- R. Sue Day, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Houston, TX, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iglesia I, Huybrechts I, González-Gross M, Mouratidou T, Santabárbara J, Chajès V, González-Gil EM, Park JY, Bel-Serrat S, Cuenca-García M, Castillo M, Kersting M, Widhalm K, De Henauw S, Sjöström M, Gottrand F, Molnár D, Manios Y, Kafatos A, Ferrari M, Stehle P, Marcos A, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Moreno LA. Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations are associated with plasma DHA and EPA fatty acids in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:124-133. [PMID: 28098048 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12 biomarkers and plasma fatty acids in European adolescents. A subsample from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study with valid data on B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters, and all the other covariates used in the analyses such as BMI, Diet Quality Index, education of the mother and physical activity assessed by a questionnaire, was selected resulting in 674 cases (43 % males). B-vitamin biomarkers were measured by chromatography and immunoassay and fatty acids by enzymatic analyses. Linear mixed models elucidated the association between B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters (changes in fatty acid profiles according to change in 10 units of vitamin B biomarkers). DHA, EPA) and n-3 fatty acids showed positive associations with B-vitamin biomarkers, mainly with those corresponding to folate and vitamin B12. Contrarily, negative associations were found with n-6:n-3 ratio, trans-fatty acids and oleic:stearic ratio. With total homocysteine (tHcy), all the associations found with these parameters were opposite (for instance, an increase of 10 nmol/l in red blood cell folate or holotranscobalamin in females produces an increase of 15·85 µmol/l of EPA (P value <0·01), whereas an increase of 10 nmol/l of tHcy in males produces a decrease of 2·06 µmol/l of DHA (P value <0·05). Positive associations between B-vitamins and specific fatty acids might suggest underlying mechanisms between B-vitamins and CVD and it is worth the attention of public health policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Iglesia
- 1Growth Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group,Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza,Spain
| | - I Huybrechts
- 3Department of Public Health, Ghent University,University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, entrance 42 (building K3),4th floor, B-9000 Ghent,Belgium
| | - M González-Gross
- 5ImFINE Research Group,Department of Health and Human Performance,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,C/ Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid,Spain
| | - T Mouratidou
- 1Growth Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group,Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza,Spain
| | - J Santabárbara
- 7Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health,Universidad de Zaragoza,50009 Zaragoza,Spain
| | - V Chajès
- 4International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),150 Cours Albert Thomas,69372 Lyon Cedex 08,France
| | - E M González-Gil
- 1Growth Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group,Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza,Spain
| | - J Y Park
- 4International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),150 Cours Albert Thomas,69372 Lyon Cedex 08,France
| | - S Bel-Serrat
- 1Growth Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group,Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza,Spain
| | - M Cuenca-García
- 8Department of Physiology,School of Medicine,University of Granada,Avenida de Madrid 11,18012 Granada,Spain
| | - M Castillo
- 8Department of Physiology,School of Medicine,University of Granada,Avenida de Madrid 11,18012 Granada,Spain
| | - M Kersting
- 10Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund,Pediatric University Clinic,Ruhr-University Bochum,Heinstück 11, D-44225 Dortmund,Germany
| | - K Widhalm
- 11Department of Pediatrics,Division of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention,Medical University of Vienna,1090 Vienna,Austria
| | - S De Henauw
- 3Department of Public Health, Ghent University,University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, entrance 42 (building K3),4th floor, B-9000 Ghent,Belgium
| | - M Sjöström
- 12Department of Public Health Sciences,Division of Social Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Norrbacka,level 3,17176 Stockholm,Sweden
| | - F Gottrand
- 15Inserm U995, Faculté de Médecine,Université Lille 2,F-59045 Lille Cedex,France
| | - D Molnár
- 16Department of Paediatrics,University of Pécs,Szigeti str 12, H-7624 Pécs,Hungary
| | - Y Manios
- 17Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Harokopio University,E. Venizelou 70, 17671 Kallithea, reece, Kallithea-Athens,Greece
| | - A Kafatos
- 18School of Medicine,University of Crete,GR-71033 Crete,Greece
| | - M Ferrari
- 19CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition,Via Ardeatina 546 - 00178 Roma,Italy
| | - P Stehle
- 20Department of Nutrition and Food Science,University of Bonn,D-53115 Bonn,Germany
| | - A Marcos
- 21Immunonutrition Research Group,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition,Institute of Food Science,Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN),Spanish National Research Council (CSIC),E-28040 Madrid,Spain
| | - F J Sánchez-Muniz
- 22Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,28040 Madrid,Spain
| | - L A Moreno
- 1Growth Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group,Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza,Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hooper C, De Souto Barreto P, Coley N, Caussé E, Payoux P, Salabert AS, Cesari M, Andrieu S, Bowman GL, Weiner M, Vellas B. Cross-Sectional Associations of Total Plasma Homocysteine with Cortical β-Amyloid Independently and as a Function of Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1075-1080. [PMID: 29188863 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated total plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is some evidence that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can modulate the effects of homocysteine-lowering B vitamins on AD related pathologies. Hence we investigated the relationship between total plasma homocysteine and cortical β-amyloid (Aβ) in older adults at risk of dementia. The role of erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFAs (omega 3 index) on this relationship was also explored. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT); a randomised controlled trial. SETTING French community dwellers aged 70 or over reporting subjective memory complaints, but free from a diagnosis of clinical dementia. PARTICIPANTS Individuals were from the MAPT trial (n = 177) with data on total plasma homocysteine at baseline and cortical Aβ load. MEASUREMENTS Cortical-to-cerebellar standard uptake value ratios were assessed using [18F] florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET). Total baseline plasma homocysteine was measured using an enzymatic cycling assay. Baseline omega 3 index was measured using gas chromatography. Cross-sectional associations were explored using adjusted multiple linear regression models. RESULTS We found that total baseline plasma homocysteine was not significantly associated with cortical Aβ as demonstrated using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, cognitive status, time interval between baseline and PET-scan, omega-3 index, MAPT group allocation and Apolipoprotein E ε4 status (B-coefficient -0.001, 95 % CI: -0.008,0.006, p = 0.838). Exploratory analysis showed that homocysteine was however significantly associated with cortical Aβ in subjects with low baseline omega-3 index (< 4.72 %) after adjustment for Apolipoprotein E ε4 status (B-coefficient 0.041, 95 % CI: 0.017,0.066, p = 0.005, n = 10), but not in subjects with a high baseline omega-3 index (B-coefficient -0.010, 95 % CI: -0.023,0.003, p = 0.132, n = 66). CONCLUSIONS The role of n-3 PUFAs on the relationship between homocysteine and cerebral Aβ warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hooper
- Claudie Hooper, Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France, , Tel : +33 (5) 61 77 64 25; Fax : +33 (5) 61 77 64 75
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Determinants of hyperhomocysteinemia in healthy and hypertensive subjects: A population-based study and systematic review. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:1215-1230. [PMID: 27908565 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is known to increase the risk of many diseases. Factors influencing HHcy in healthy and hypertensive subjects remain under-researched. METHODS A large population-based study was conducted in 60 communities from Shenzhen, China. Responses to standardized questions on lifestyle factors and blood samples were collected from all participants after a 12-h overnight fast. Multiple linear and multivariate logistic regressions were used to explore risk factors for HHcy. Results were then compared to those from a systematic review of English-language articles listed in Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane libraries that investigated HHcy risk factors in healthy and hypertensive subjects. RESULTS A total of 1586 healthy (Male/Female = 642/944) and 5935 hypertensive subjects (Male/Female = 2928/3007) participated in our population-based study. In logistic regression analyses, age, BMI and creatinine (Cr) were risk factors, while being female, fruit intake and physical activity were protective factors for HHcy in healthy subjects. In hypertensive subjects, seven [age, smoking, salt intake, systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid, triglycerides (TG), and Cr] and four [female, fruit intake, total cholesterol (TC), and glucose] factors were associated with higher and lower HHcy respectively. The review of 71 studies revealed that potential risk factors for Hcy included nutritional, physiologic, lifestyle habits, ethnicity, genetics, interactions between gene-environment, gene-gene, gene-nutritional, environment-environment, nutritional-nutritional. CONCLUSION Our study indicates the potential importance of increasing folic acid and vitamin B supplementation, daily fruit and vegetable intake, regular exercise and refraining from tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as preventive strategies for Hcy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Assies J, Mocking RJT, Lok A, Koeter MWJ, Bockting CLH, Visser I, Pouwer F, Ruhé HG, Schene AH. Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles and plasma homocysteine, folate and vitamin B6 and B12 in recurrent depression: Implications for co-morbidity with cardiovascular disease. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:992-8. [PMID: 26260568 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced interactions between fatty acid (FA) and one-carbon metabolism may be involved in co-occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which have been scarcely studied together. In 137 recurrent MDD-patients vs. 73 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, we simultaneously measured key components of one-carbon metabolism in plasma (homocysteine, folate, vitamins B6 and B12), and of FA-metabolism in red blood cell membranes [main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) and structural FA-indices (chain length, unsaturation, peroxidation)]. Results show significant positive associations of folate with EPA, DHA, and the peroxidation index, which were similar in patients and controls. After correction for confounders, these associations were lost except for EPA. Associations between B-vitamins and FA-parameters were non-significant, but also similar in patients and controls. Homocysteine and DHA were significantly less negatively associated in patients than in controls. In conclusion, these data indicate similarities but also differences in associations between parameters of one-carbon and FA-metabolism in recurrent MDD patients vs. controls, which may reflect differences in handling of oxidative stress. Further research should test the consequences of these differences, particularly the premature development of CVD in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Assies
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel J T Mocking
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W J Koeter
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ieke Visser
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - François Pouwer
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry UMCG, Program for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, The Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khaire AA, Kale AA, Joshi SR. Maternal omega-3 fatty acids and micronutrients modulate fetal lipid metabolism: A review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 98:49-55. [PMID: 25958298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that alterations in the mother's diet or metabolism during pregnancy has long-term adverse effects on the lipid metabolism in the offspring. There is growing interest in the role of specific nutrients especially omega-3 fatty acids in the pathophysiology of lipid disorders. A series of studies carried out in humans and rodents in our department have consistently suggested a link between omega-3 fatty acids especially docosahexaenoic acid and micronutrients (vitamin B12 and folic acid) in the one carbon metabolic cycle and its effect on the fatty acid metabolism, hepatic transcription factors and DNA methylation patterns. However the association of maternal intake or metabolism of these nutrients with fetal lipid metabolism is relatively less explored. In this review, we provide insights into the role of maternal omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12 and their influence on fetal lipid metabolism through various mechanisms which influence phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, adiponectin signaling pathway and epigenetic process like chromatin methylation. This will help understand the possible mechanisms involved in fetal lipid metabolism and may provide important clues for the prevention of lipid disorders in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita A Khaire
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Anvita A Kale
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Skeie E, Strand E, Pedersen ER, Bjørndal B, Bohov P, Berge RK, Svingen GFT, Seifert R, Ueland PM, Midttun Ø, Ulvik A, Hustad S, Drevon CA, Gregory JF, Nygård O. Circulating B-vitamins and smoking habits are associated with serum polyunsaturated Fatty acids in patients with suspected coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129049. [PMID: 26039046 PMCID: PMC4454679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered to be of major health importance, and recent studies indicate that their endogenous metabolism is influenced by B-vitamin status and smoking habits. We investigated the associations of circulating B-vitamins and smoking habits with serum polyunsaturated fatty acids among 1,366 patients who underwent coronary angiography due to suspected coronary heart disease at Haukeland University Hospital, Norway. Of these, 52% provided information on dietary habits by a food frequency questionnaire. Associations were assessed using partial correlation (Spearman’s rho). In the total population, the concentrations of most circulating B-vitamins were positively associated with serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but negatively with serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the associations between B-vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids tended to be weaker in smokers. This could not be solely explained by differences in dietary intake. Furthermore, plasma cotinine, a marker of recent nicotine exposure, showed a negative relationship with serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but a positive relationship with serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, circulating B-vitamins are, in contrast to plasma cotinine, generally positively associated with serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and negatively with serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with suspected coronary heart disease. Further studies should investigate whether B-vitamin status and smoking habits may modify the clinical effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Skeie
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Elin Strand
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pavol Bohov
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Reinhard Seifert
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M. Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital AS, Laboratory building, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steinar Hustad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jesse F. Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee HS, Barraza-Villarreal A, Biessy C, Duarte-Salles T, Sly PD, Ramakrishnan U, Rivera J, Herceg Z, Romieu I. Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acid during pregnancy modulates DNA methylation at IGF2/H19 imprinted genes and growth of infants. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:851-7. [PMID: 25293351 PMCID: PMC4254937 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00061.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes is regarded as a highly plausible explanation for linking dietary exposures in early life with the onset of diseases during childhood and adulthood. We sought to test whether prenatal dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy may modulate epigenetic states at birth. This study was based on a randomized intervention trial conducted in Mexican pregnant women supplemented daily with 400 mg of DHA or a placebo from gestation week 18-22 to parturition. We applied quantitative profiling of DNA methylation states at IGF2 promoter 3 (IGF2 P3), IGF2 differentially methylated region (DMR), and H19 DMR in cord blood mononuclear cells of the DHA-supplemented group (n = 131) and the control group (n = 130). In stratified analyses, DNA methylation levels in IGF2 P3 were significantly higher in the DHA group than the control group in preterm infants (P = 0.04). We also observed a positive association between DNA methylation levels and maternal body mass index; IGF2 DMR methylation was higher in the DHA group than the control group in infants of overweight mothers (P = 0.03). In addition, at H19 DMR, methylation levels were significantly lower in the DHA group than the control group in infants of normal weight mothers (P = 0.01). Finally, methylation levels at IGF2/H19 imprinted regions were associated with maternal BMI. These findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may be modulated by DHA, with potential impacts on child growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Peter D Sly
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia, and
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Nutrition and Health Sciences and the Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Juan Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México, Nutrition and Health Sciences and the Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Assies J, Mocking RJT, Lok A, Ruhé HG, Pouwer F, Schene AH. Effects of oxidative stress on fatty acid- and one-carbon-metabolism in psychiatric and cardiovascular disease comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:163-80. [PMID: 24649967 PMCID: PMC4171779 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in severe psychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia). Here, we provide evidence of how the effects of oxidative stress on fatty acid (FA) and one-carbon (1-C) cycle metabolism, which may initially represent adaptive responses, might underlie comorbidity between CVD and psychiatric disorders. METHOD We conducted a literature search and integrated data in a narrative review. RESULTS Oxidative stress, mainly generated in mitochondria, is implicated in both psychiatric and cardiovascular pathophysiology. Oxidative stress affects the intrinsically linked FA and 1-C cycle metabolism: FAs decrease in chain length and unsaturation (particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs), and lipid peroxidation products increase; the 1-C cycle shifts from the methylation to transsulfuration pathway (lower folate and higher homocysteine and antioxidant glutathione). Interestingly, corresponding alterations were reported in psychiatric disorders and CVD. Potential mechanisms through which FA and 1-C cycle metabolism may be involved in brain (neurocognition, mood regulation) and cardiovascular system functioning (inflammation, thrombosis) include membrane peroxidizability and fluidity, eicosanoid synthesis, neuroprotection and epigenetics. CONCLUSION While oxidative-stress-induced alterations in FA and 1-C metabolism may initially enhance oxidative stress resistance, persisting chronically, they may cause damage possibly underlying (co-occurrence of) psychiatric disorders and CVD. This might have implications for research into diagnosis and (preventive) treatment of (CVD in) psychiatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Assies
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li D. Effect of the vegetarian diet on non-communicable diseases. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:169-173. [PMID: 23965907 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A vegetarian diet generally includes plenty of vegetables and fruits, which are rich in phytochemicals, antioxidants, fiber, magnesium, vitamins C and E, Fe³⁺, folic acid and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and is low in cholesterol, total fat and saturated fatty acid, sodium, Fe²⁺, zinc, vitamin A, B₁₂ and D, and especially n-3 PUFA. Mortality from all-cause, ischemic heart disease, and circulatory and cerebrovascular diseases was significantly lower in vegetarians than in omnivorous populations. Compared with omnivores, the incidence of cancer and type 2 diabetes was also significantly lower in vegetarians. However, vegetarians have a number of increased risk factors for non-communicable diseases such as increased plasma homocysteine, mean platelet volume and platelet aggregability compared with omnivores, which are associated with low intake of vitamin B₁₂ and n-3 PUFA. Based on the present data, it would seem appropriate for vegetarians to carefully design their diet, specifically focusing on increasing their intake of vitamin B₁₂ and n-3 PUFA to further reduce already low mortality and morbidity from non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luxwolda MF, Kuipers RS, Boersma ER, van Goor SA, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Bos AF, Muskiet FAJ. DHA status is positively related to motor development in breastfed African and Dutch infants. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 17:97-103. [PMID: 23710566 DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (AA) acids are important for neurodevelopment. We investigated the relation between erythrocyte (RBC) DHA and AA contents and neurological development, by assessment of General Movements (GMs), in populations with substantial differences in fish intakes. METHODS We included 3-month-old breastfed infants of three Tanzanian tribes: Maasai (low fish, n = 5), Pare (intermediate fish, n = 32), and Sengerema (high fish, n = 60); and a Dutch population (low-intermediate, fish, n = 15). GMs were assessed by motor optimality score (MOS) and the number of observed movement patterns (OMP; an MOS sub-score). RBC-DHA and AA contents were determined by capillary gas chromatography. RESULTS We found no between-population differences in MOS. OMP of Sengerema infants (high fish) was higher than OMP of Dutch infants (low-intermediate fish). MOS related to age. OMP related positively to infant age (P < 0.001) and RBC-DHA (P = 0.015), and was unrelated to ethnicity and RBC-AA. DISCUSSION The positive relation between RBC-DHA and the number of observed movement patterns of 3-month old infants might reflect the connection of DHA with motor development.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kume A, Kurotani K, Sato M, Ejima Y, Pham NM, Nanri A, Kuwahara K, Mizoue T. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum and homocysteine concentrations in Japanese men and women: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:41. [PMID: 23758810 PMCID: PMC3681585 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Supplementation studies have suggested a role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in homocysteine metabolism, but the evidence is limited and inconsistent among studies that measured blood levels of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. We examined the association between blood levels of PUFAs and homocysteine in Japanese men and women. Methods The subjects were 496 employees (290 men and 206 women) of 2 municipal offices in Japan. Fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids and cholesterol ester (CE) was measured using gas–liquid chromatography. Multiple regression was used to calculate means of homocysteine concentrations according to PUFA tertile with adjustment for potential confounders. Results Serum homocysteine concentration decreased with increasing levels of total n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in serum phospholipids and CE with adjustment for age, sex and workplace. However, only DHA in serum phospholipids remained statistically significant after additional adjustment for other potential confounders including serum folate (P-trend = 0.04). N-6 PUFAs were not significantly associated with homocysteine concentrations. Conclusions Higher proportion of DHA in serum phospholipids may be associated with lower homocysteine concentrations in Japanese men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Kume
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Research Centre, National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on homocysteine metabolism through regulating the gene expressions involved in methionine metabolism. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:931626. [PMID: 23766724 PMCID: PMC3676954 DOI: 10.1155/2013/931626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the regulatory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on mRNA expression of key genes involved in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups. The oils were orally administered daily for 8 weeks. Plasma Hcy, phospholipids fatty acids, and mRNA expression were determined. Compared with the control group, plasma Hcy was significantly decreased in the 22:6n-3 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) groups; mRNA expression of Mthfr was significantly upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, and 18:3n-3 groups and downregulated in the 18:2n-6 and stearolic acid (SO) groups. Mat1a was upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3, and CLA groups. In addition, Cbs was upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3 and CLA groups while downregulated in 18:2n-6 and SO groups. Dietary 22:6n-3 and CLA decrease the plasma concentration of Hcy. mRNA expression of Mthfr, Mat1a, Cbs and Pemt, Gnmt, Mtrr, and Bad is upregulated by n-3 PUFA and downregulated by n-6 PUFA. CLA upregulates mRNA expression of Mat1a and Cbs.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tehlivets O, Malanovic N, Visram M, Pavkov-Keller T, Keller W. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and methylation disorders: yeast as a model system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:204-15. [PMID: 23017368 PMCID: PMC3787734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methylation is central to the regulation of many biological processes: more than 50 AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases methylate a broad spectrum of cellular compounds including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Common to all AdoMet-dependent methyltransferase reactions is the release of the strong product inhibitor S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy), as a by-product of the reaction. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase is the only eukaryotic enzyme capable of reversible AdoHcy hydrolysis to adenosine and homocysteine and, thus, relief from AdoHcy inhibition. Impaired S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase activity in humans results in AdoHcy accumulation and severe pathological consequences. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which is characterized by elevated levels of homocysteine in blood, also exhibits a similar phenotype of AdoHcy accumulation due to the reversal of the direction of the S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase reaction. Inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase is also linked to antiviral effects. In this review the advantages of yeast as an experimental system to understand pathologies associated with AdoHcy accumulation will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Tehlivets
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Associations of plasma phospholipid fatty acids with plasma homocysteine in Chinese vegetarians. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1688-94. [PMID: 22935202 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200356x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association of plasma phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition with plasma homocysteine (Hcy) in Chinese vegetarians is not understood. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the plasma PL fatty acid status, and its association with plasma Hcy in Chinese vegetarians and omnivores. A total of 103 male vegetarians and 128 male omnivores were recruited in Linyin Temple, Hangzhou. Plasma Hcy and PL fatty acid concentrations were determined by standard methods. Compared with omnivores, plasma PL n-3 PUFA (P< 0·001), 22 : 6n-3 (P< 0·001), 22 : 5n-6 (P= 0·021), 22 : 2n-6 (P< 0·001) and SFA (P= 0·017) were significantly lower, while plasma PL n-6 PUFA (P= 0·007) and total PUFA (P< 0·001) were significantly higher in vegetarians. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) in vegetarians (26·47 %) was significantly higher than that in omnivores (13·28 %). In vegetarians, plasma PL 22 : 6n-3 (r − 0·257, P= 0·046) was significantly negatively associated with plasma Hcy. In omnivores, plasma PL 18 : 1n-7 (r 0·237, P= 0·030) was significantly positively associated with plasma Hcy. Plasma PL 22 : 6n-3 (r − 0·217, P= 0·048) was negatively associated with plasma Hcy in omnivores. Plasma PL SFA were positively associated with the prevalence of HHcy. It would seem appropriate for vegetarians to increase their dietary n-3 PUFA and decrease dietary SFA, and thus reduce the risk of HHcy.
Collapse
|
25
|
van Wijk N, Watkins CJ, Hageman RJJ, Sijben JCW, Kamphuis PGHJ, Wurtman RJ, Broersen LM. Combined dietary folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 intake influences plasma docosahexaenoic acid concentration in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:49. [PMID: 22647268 PMCID: PMC3420254 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 are essential nutritional components in one-carbon metabolism and are required for methylation capacity. The availability of these vitamins may therefore modify methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) by PE-N-methyltransferase (PEMT) in the liver. It has been suggested that PC synthesis by PEMT plays an important role in the transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the liver to plasma and possibly other tissues. We hypothesized that if B-vitamin supplementation enhances PEMT activity, then supplementation could also increase the concentration of plasma levels of PUFAs such as DHA. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of varying the combined dietary intake of these three B-vitamins on plasma DHA concentration in rats. Methods In a first experiment, plasma DHA and plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured in rats that had consumed a B-vitamin-poor diet for 4 weeks after which they were either continued on the B-vitamin-poor diet or switched to a B-vitamin-enriched diet for another 4 weeks. In a second experiment, plasma DHA and plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured in rats after feeding them one of four diets with varying levels of B-vitamins for 4 weeks. The diets provided 0% (poor), 100% (normal), 400% (enriched), and 1600% (high) of the laboratory rodent requirements for each of the three B-vitamins. Results Plasma DHA concentration was higher in rats fed the B-vitamin-enriched diet than in rats that were continued on the B-vitamin-poor diet (P = 0.005; experiment A). Varying dietary B-vitamin intake from deficient to supra-physiologic resulted in a non-linear dose-dependent trend for increasing plasma DHA (P = 0.027; experiment B). Plasma DHA was lowest in rats consuming the B-vitamin-poor diet (P > 0.05 vs. normal, P < 0.05 vs. enriched and high) and highest in rats consuming the B-vitamin-high diet (P < 0.05 vs. poor and normal, P > 0.05 vs. enriched). B-vitamin deficiency significantly increased plasma total homocysteine but increasing intake above normal did not significantly reduce it. Nevertheless, in both experiments plasma DHA was inversely correlated with plasma total homocysteine. Conclusion These data demonstrate that dietary folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 intake can influence plasma concentration of DHA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick van Wijk
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, PO Box 7005, 6700 CA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang T, Tucker K, Lee Y, Crott J, Parnell L, Shen J, Smith C, Ordovas J, Li D, Lai C. MAT1A variants modulate the effect of dietary fatty acids on plasma homocysteine concentrations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:362-368. [PMID: 21185701 PMCID: PMC3117050 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with decreased plasma homocysteine (Hcy), an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease. The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase type-1 (MAT1A), an essential enzyme in the conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine, plays a key role in homocysteine metabolism. This study investigated the interaction between dietary fatty acids and MAT1A genotypes on plasma Hcy concentrations among Boston Puerto Ricans. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma Hcy and MAT1A genotypes were determined in 994 subjects of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Dietary fatty acid intakes were assessed by interviews using a questionnaire adapted from the NCI/Block food frequency form. RESULT In the cross-sectional analysis, genetic variant MAT1A 3U1510 displayed a significant interaction with dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio in determining plasma Hcy (p-value for interaction = 0.025). 3U1510G homozygotes had significantly lower plasma Hcy concentration than major allele homozygotes and heterozygotes (AA + AG) (p-value for trend = 0.019) when the n-3:n-6 ratio was >0.09. Two other MAT1A variants, d18777 and i15752, also showed significant interactions with different constituents of dietary fat influencing Hcy concentrations. Furthermore, haplotypes consisting of three variants displayed a strong interaction with n3:n6 ratio influencing Hcy concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MAT1A genotypes appear to modulate effects of dietary fat on plasma Hcy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
- APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China
| | - K. Tucker
- Dept of Health Sciences, 360 Huntington Ave, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Y. Lee
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - J. Crott
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - L. Parnell
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - J. Shen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - C. Smith
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - J. Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - D. Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
- APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China
| | - C. Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang T, Shou T, Cai N, Wahlqvist ML, Li D. Associations of plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:667-73. [PMID: 22263527 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.652076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between plasma fatty acid (FA) levels and hypertension in Chinese is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between plasma phospholipid (PL) FAs and hypertension in Chinese subjects. One thousand one hundred and fifty-four subjects in Hangzhou, China, were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Two hundred and fourteen (160 males, 54 females) subjects with hypertension and 940 (664 males, 276 females) healthy subjects were identified. The prevalence of hypertension in females (19.6%) was significantly higher than that in males (16.4%). Compared with healthy subjects, hypertensive subjects showed significantly lower plasma PL 22:5n-3 (p = 0.017), 22:6n-3 (p = 0.008), PL polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; p < 0.001), n-3 PUFA (p = 0.015), n-6 PUFA (p < 0.001) and 20:4n-6 (p < 0.010). PL n-3 PUFA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-1.19] and n-3:n-6 (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.12-1.86) were inversely associated with hypertension. However, plasma saturated fatty acid (SFA; OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.05-2.98) was significantly positively associated with hypertension. PL SFA was significantly positively associated with systolic blood pressure (p = 0.048), whereas plasma PL monounsaturated FA was significantly positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = 0.009) in hypertensive subjects. PL PUFA (p = 0.022) and n-3 PUFA (p = 0.047) were significantly negatively associated with DBP in hypertensive subjects. Our results suggest that plasma PL n-3 PUFA was significantly inversely associated with hypertension in Chinese. It would seem appropriate for hypertensive subjects to increase their dietary n-3 PUFA which may help reduce BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang T, Wahlqvist ML, Li D. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on gene expression of the critical enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism. Nutr J 2012; 11:6. [PMID: 22260268 PMCID: PMC3292920 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was negatively associated with plasma homocysteine (Hcy). OBJECTIVE We investigated the regulatory effect of n-3 PUFA on mRNA expression of the critical genes encoding the enzymes involved in Hcy metabolism. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) respectively for 48 h. The cells were collected and total RNA was isolated. The mRNA expression levels of the genes were determined by using Real Time-PCR. RESULTS Compared with controls, the mRNA expression levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) were significantly increased in the DHA group (p < 0.05) and ALA group (p < 0.05); Significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) was observed with the treatments compared with the controls; the level of MAT expression was significant lower in the DHA group than the ALA group (p < 0.05); Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) expression was significantly increased in the DHA (p < 0.05) and EPA groups (p < 0.05) compared with control. No significant changes were shown in mRNA expression levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolases (SAHH), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DHA up-regulates CSE and MTHFR mRNA expression and down-regulates MAT mRNA expression involved in Hcy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Homocysteine as a risk factor for atherosclerosis: is its conversion to s-adenosyl-L-homocysteine the key to deregulated lipid metabolism? J Lipids 2011; 2011:702853. [PMID: 21837278 PMCID: PMC3151505 DOI: 10.1155/2011/702853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) has been recognized for the past five decades as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the role of Hcy in the pathological changes associated with atherosclerosis as well as the pathological mechanisms triggered by Hcy accumulation is
poorly understood. Due to the reversal of the physiological direction of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
hydrolase Hcy accumulation leads to the synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy). AdoHcy is a strong product
inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferases, and to date more than 50 AdoMet-dependent
methyltransferases that methylate a broad spectrum of cellular compounds including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids have been
identified. Phospholipid methylation is the major consumer of AdoMet, both in mammals and in yeast. AdoHcy accumulation induced
either by Hcy supplementation or due to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase deficiency results in inhibition of phospholipid
methylation in yeast. Moreover, yeast cells accumulating AdoHcy also massively accumulate triacylglycerols (TAG). Similarly, Hcy
supplementation was shown to lead to increased TAG and sterol synthesis as well as to the induction of the unfolded protein
response (UPR) in mammalian cells. In this review a model of deregulation of lipid metabolism in response to accumulation of
AdoHcy in Hcy-associated pathology is proposed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang T, Zheng J, Chen Y, Yang B, Wahlqvist ML, Li D. High consumption of Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease plasma homocysteine: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Nutrition 2011; 27:863-7. [PMID: 21501950 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with lower plasma homocystine (Hcy) levels, but intervention studies in humans have been inconclusive. The objective was to systematically evaluate the effects of ω-3 PUFA supplementation on plasma Hcy levels. METHODS A comprehensive search of Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry, and bibliographies of relevant articles published from 1966 through September 2010 was undertaken. All randomized, placebo-controlled trials that compared ω-3 PUFA supplementation with placebo were included. Two investigators performed data extraction and quality scoring independently, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. RESULTS Eleven trials including 702 subjects were analyzed. The outcomes studied were plasma Hcy level. Eleven randomized, placebo-controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. Supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs was associated with a significant decrease in plasma Hcy level (weighted mean difference -1.59 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval -2.34 to -0.83) compared with control subjects. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that ω-3 PUFA supplementation can decrease plasma Hcy levels. The implications of these findings remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang T, Tucker KL, Lee YC, Crott JW, Parnell LD, Shen J, Smith CE, Ordovas JM, Li D, Lai CQ. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variants associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease interact with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate plasma homocysteine in puerto rican adults. J Nutr 2011; 141:654-9. [PMID: 21270364 PMCID: PMC3056580 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.134353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genetic variants are associated with plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), little is known whether dietary fatty acid intake modulates these associations. The goal was to examine the interaction of MTHFR variants with dietary fatty acids influencing plasma Hcy in 995 Boston Puerto Rican adults. We found that plasma Hcy concentration was negatively correlated with (n-3) PUFA intake (r = -0.117; P = 0.022), and the ratio of (n-3):(n-6) PUFA in the diet (r = -0.122; P = 0.009). Further, 2 functional MTHFR variants, 1298A>C and 677C>T, which are not in linkage disequilibrium in this population, were significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 1.72, P = 0.024, and OR = 1.60, P = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the 1298A>C variant was significantly associated with CVD (OR = 3.32; P = 0.030). Importantly, this variant exhibited significant interactions with intakes of total and (n-6) PUFA and the (n-3):(n-6) PUFA ratio of the diet. The plasma Hcy concentration of carriers of risk allele 1298C was greater than that of noncarriers only when participants had consumed a high-PUFA diet (>7.8% energy) but was not greater when they had low intake of PUFA (≤7.8% energy). In addition, participants with combined genotypes of both SNP (677 TT with 1298 AC or CC) who consumed high levels of (n-3) PUFA (>0.66% energy) had lower plasma Hcy compared with those who had the same genotype and consumed low levels of (n-3) PUFA (≤0.66% energy). Our study suggests that dietary PUFA intake modulates the effect of 2 MTHFR variants on plasma Hcy in Boston Puerto Rican adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111,APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Jimmy W. Crott
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Jian Shen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Caren E. Smith
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China,APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety, Hangzhou, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ,
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Interactions between genetic variants of folate metabolism genes and lifestyle affect plasma homocysteine concentrations in the Boston Puerto Rican population. Public Health Nutr 2011; 14:1805-12. [PMID: 21338559 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate genetic and lifestyle factors and their interactions on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations in the Boston Puerto Rican population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Plasma concentrations of Hcy, folate, vitamin B12 and pyridoxal phosphate were measured, and genetic polymorphisms were determined. Data on lifestyle factors were collected in interviews. SETTING A population survey of health and nutritional measures. SUBJECTS A total of 994 Puerto Rican men and women residing in the Boston metropolitan area. RESULTS Smoking status was positively associated with plasma Hcy. Genetic polymorphisms MTHFR 677C→T, FOLH1 1561C→T, FOLH1 rs647370 and PCFT 928A→G interacted significantly with smoking for Hcy. MTHFR 1298A→C (P = 0·040) and PCFT 928A→G (P = 0·002) displayed significant interactions with alcohol intake in determining plasma Hcy. Subjects with PCFT 928GG genotype had significantly higher plasma Hcy concentrations compared with carriers of the A allele (AA+AG; P = 0·030) among non-drinking subjects. When consuming alcohol, GG subjects had lower plasma Hcy levels compared with AA+AG subjects. Physical activity interacted significantly with MTR 2756A→G in determining plasma Hcy (P for interaction = 0·002). Smoking interacted with physical activity for plasma Hcy (P for interaction = 0·023). CONCLUSIONS Smoking and drinking were associated plasma Hcy concentrations. Genetic variants involved in folate metabolism further modify the effects of lifestyle on plasma Hcy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
This review summarizes the effect of a habitual vegetarian diet on clinical complications in relation to chemistry and biochemistry. Omnivores have a significantly higher cluster of cardiovascular risk factors compared with vegetarians, including increased body mass index, waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, plasma total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol and LDL-C levels, serum lipoprotein(a) concentration, plasma factor VII activity, ratios of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TAG/HDL-C, and serum ferritin levels. Compared with omnivores, vegetarians, especially vegans, have lower serum vitamin B₁₂ concentration and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in the tissue membrane phospholipids, which are associated with increased collagen and ADP stimulated ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation, plasma 11-dehydrothromboxane B₂, and homocysteine levels and decreased plasma HDL-C. This may be associated with an increased thrombotic and atherosclerotic risk. It is suggested that vegetarians, especially vegans, should increase their dietary n-3 PUFA and vitamin B₁₂ intakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rasmussen LE, Svensson M, Jørgensen KA, Schmidt EB, Christensen JH. The content of docosahexaenoic acid in serum phospholipid is inversely correlated with plasma homocysteine levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. Nutr Res 2010; 30:535-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
35
|
Pooya S, Jalali MD, Jazayery AD, Saedisomeolia A, Eshraghian MR, Toorang F. The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine and malondialdehyde levels of type 2 diabetic patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:326-331. [PMID: 19540739 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality among diabetic patients. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and homocysteine is believed to play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could be effective in some diabetes complications and in the control of the glycemic index. However, it may increase lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the concentration of homocysteine and MDA in diabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 81 patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control groups. Each subject received three capsules of omega-3 fatty acids or a placebo every day for a period of 2months. The two groups were similar in terms of body mass index and food intake. At the beginning of the study and after 2months of supplementation their levels of HbA(1)c, homocysteine, MDA, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were determined. Due to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, homocysteine was changed significantly in both treatment and control groups up to -3.10mumol/L and 0.10mumol/L respectively, and HbA(1)c decreased by 0.75% in the treatment group and increased by 0.26% in the control group. However, the changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not significant. CONCLUSION The consumption of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (3g/day) for 2months decreases the levels of homocysteine in diabetic patients with no change in FBS, MDA and CRP levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sh Pooya
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang T, Wahlqvist ML, Li D. Docosahexaenoic acid decreases plasma homocysteine via regulating enzyme activity and mRNA expression involved in methionine metabolism. Nutrition 2010; 26:112-9. [PMID: 19815389 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of fish oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on critical enzyme activity and mRNA expression involved in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. METHODS Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 wk, weighing 120 +/- 10 g, were randomly divided into three groups: the olive oil (OO) group, the tuna oil (TO) group, and the salmon oil (SO) group. The oil was orally administered every day using a stomach tube. Eight weeks later, plasma Hcy, phospholipids, omega-3 PUFAs, enzyme activity, and mRNA expression in tissues were determined. RESULTS Compared with the control group, phospholipids, total omega-3 PUFAs, and omega-3/omega-6 PUFAs in the liver and lung were significantly elevated in the TO and SO groups; 22:6omega-3 in the liver and lung was significantly increased in the TO group; and 20:5omega-3 in the two tissues was significantly elevated in the SO group. The level of plasma Hcy was significantly decreased with TO; methionine adenosyl transferase (MAT) activity was significantly increased and MAT mRNA expression was significantly upregulated with TO; cystathionine-gamma-lyase mRNA expression in TO was significantly upregulated; however, cystathionine beta-synthase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolases were not significantly changed when compared with control. CONCLUSION TO rich in 22:6omega-3 decreases the concentration of Hcy despite increasing MAT activity and upregulating MAT mRNA expression through compensatory cystathionine-gamma-lyase mRNA expression, both of which are involved in Hcy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Devlin AM, Green TJ. Mechanisms of altered fatty acid and phospholipid levels in hyperhomocysteinemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.09.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Berstad P, Konstantinova SV, Refsum H, Nurk E, Vollset SE, Tell GS, Ueland PM, Drevon CA, Ursin G. Dietary fat and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in 2 adult age groups: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1598-605. [PMID: 17556699 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of n-3 (formerly called omega-3) fatty acids (FAs) may be inversely associated with plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations, but the epidemiologic data are sparse. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between dietary fat and tHcy in a Norwegian population. DESIGN A cross-sectional, population-based study of 5917 subjects in 2 age groups (47-49 and 71-74 y old) was conducted with the use of food-frequency questionnaires and measurement of plasma tHcy concentrations. RESULTS The intake of saturated FAs (SFAs) was positively and significantly (P for trend < 0.001) associated with tHcy concentrations; the difference in plasma tHcy concentrations between the highest and lowest quartiles of SFAs was 8.8%. The intake of marine very-long-chain n-3 FAs was inversely associated with tHcy concentrations; the difference in plasma tHcy concentrations between the lowest and the highest quartiles was -5.0% (P for trend < 0.001). Intakes of total and monounsaturated fat also were positively associated with plasma tHcy concentrations (P for trend < 0.001 and < 0.005, respectively), whereas the intake of polyunsaturated fat was positively associated with tHcy concentrations only in the younger subjects (P for trend = 0.03). The associations were weakened by additional adjustment for B vitamin intake but remained significant for SFA intake (P < 0.001). When stratified for total B vitamin intake, the inverse association between tHcy concentrations and very-long-chain n-3 FAs was significant only in the highest quartile of B vitamin intake (P for trend = 0.001), regardless of supplement use. CONCLUSIONS High intakes of SFAs are associated with high plasma concentrations of tHcy. The inverse association between dietary intakes of very-long-chain n-3 FAs and plasma tHcy concentrations is apparent only at high B vitamin intakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Berstad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li D, Yu XM, Xie HB, Zhang YH, Wang Q, Zhou XQ, Yu P, Wang LJ. Platelet phospholipid n-3 PUFA negatively associated with plasma homocysteine in middle-aged and geriatric hyperlipaemia patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 76:293-7. [PMID: 17466498 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies showed that increased dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has a cardiovascular beneficial effect. Increased plasma phospholipid (PL) docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) is associated with decreased plasma homocysteine (Hcy). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between platelet PL fatty acid and plasma Hcy in middle-aged and geriatric hyperlipaemia patients (50 males, 31 females) and 65 healthy subjects (43 males, 22 females) in Hangzhou, China. Plasma Hcy demonstrated significant positive correlation with adrenic acid (22:4n-6) (r = 0.188, P = 0.018) and negative correlation with 22:6n-3 (r = -0.277, P = 0.001) and the ratio of n-3/n-6 (r = -0.231, P = 0.003) in sex-, age- and BMI-controlled partial correlation analysis. The present results suggest that increased ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA in platelet PL is associated with decreased thrombotic risks such as plasma Hcy in middle-aged and geriatric hyperlipaemia patients in Hangzhou.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|