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Sun YD, Zhang H, Li YM, Han JJ. Abnormal metabolism in hepatic stellate cells: Pandora's box of MAFLD related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189086. [PMID: 38342420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as key mediators in liver injury response, are believed to play a crucial role in the repair process of liver injury. However, in MAFLD patients, the normal metabolic and immunoregulatory mechanisms of HSCs become disrupted, leading to disturbances in the local microenvironment. Abnormally activated HSCs are heavily involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. The metabolic disorders and abnormal activation of HSCs not only initiate liver fibrosis but also contribute to carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on the relationship between the abnormal metabolism of HSCs and the local immune system in the liver, elucidating the mechanisms of immune imbalance caused by abnormally activated HSCs in MAFLD patients. Based on this understanding, we discuss the potential and challenges of metabolic-based and immunology-based mechanisms in the treatment of MAFLD-related HCC, with a specific focus on the role of HSCs in HCC progression and their potential as targets for anti-cancer therapy. This review aims to enhance researchers' understanding of the importance of HSCs in maintaining normal liver function and highlights the significance of HSCs in the progression of MAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dong Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yuan-Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Jian-Jun Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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Chang CK, Chiang EPI, Chang KH, Tang KT, Chen PK, Yip HT, Chen CH, Chen DY. The Sizes and Composition of HDL-Cholesterol Are Significantly Associated with Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10645. [PMID: 37445823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, carries a significant burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). With their heterogeneous composition, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles have varied athero-protective properties, and some may even increase ASCVD risk. In this prospective and cross-sectional study, we aimed to examine the relationship between HDL sizes/metabolites and inflammation in RA. Using 1H-NMR-based lipid/metabolomics, differential HDL-related metabolites were identified between RA patients and healthy control (HC) subjects and between RA patients with and without anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA). The correlation between the discriminative HDL-related metabolites and C-reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated in RA patients. RA patients demonstrated higher particle number, lipids, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, and phospholipids in large/very large-sized HDLs. ACPA-positive patients had higher L-HDL-C and L-HDL-CE but lower small-/medium-sized HDL-TG levels than ACPA-negative patients. An inverse correlation was found between CRP levels and small-sized HDLs. Janus kinase inhibitor treatment was associated with increased serum small-sized HDL-related metabolites and decreased CRP levels. We are the first to reveal the significant associations between RA inflammation and HDL sizes/metabolites. A potential link between ACPA positivity and changes in serum levels of HDL-related metabolites was also observed in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kun Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Tung Yip
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Lv LJ, Li SH, Wen JY, Wang GY, Li H, He TW, Lv QB, Xiao MC, Duan HL, Chen MC, Yi ZT, Yan QL, Yin AH. Deep metagenomic characterization of gut microbial community and function in preeclampsia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:933523. [PMID: 36189343 PMCID: PMC9515455 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.933523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication characterized by severe hypertension and multiple organ damage. Gut microbiota has been linked to PE by previous amplicon sequencing studies. To resolve the PE gut microbiota in a higher taxonomy resolution, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on the fecal samples from 40 early-onset PE and 37 healthy pregnant women. We recovered 1,750 metagenome-assembled genomes (representing 406 species) from the metagenomic dataset and profiled their abundances. We found that PE gut microbiota had enriched in some species belonging to Blautia, Pauljensenia, Ruminococcus, and Collinsella and microbial functions such as the bacitracin/lantibiotics transport system, maltooligosaccharide transport system, multidrug efflux pump, and rhamnose transport system. Conversely, the gut microbiome of healthy pregnant women was enriched in species of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola and microbial functions including the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and folate biosynthesis pathway. PE diagnostic potential of gut microbial biomarkers was developed using both species and function profile data. These results will help to explore the relationships between gut bacteria and PE and provide new insights into PE early warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Lv
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ji-Ying Wen
- Department of Obstetric, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Obstetric, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Wen He
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Bo Lv
- Puensum Genetech Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Chun Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-Li Duan
- Department of Obstetric, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Chai Chen
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Ting Yi
- Department of Obstetric, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Long Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Ai-Hua Yin, ; Qiu-Long Yan,
| | - Ai-Hua Yin
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ai-Hua Yin, ; Qiu-Long Yan,
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Identification of molecular subtypes and a novel prognostic model of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on a metabolism-associated gene signature. J Transl Med 2022; 20:186. [PMID: 35468826 PMCID: PMC9036805 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma in adults. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors is closely related to the immune microenvironment. This study aimed to explore the interactions between metabolism-associated genes (MAGs) and DLBCL prognosis and their potential associations with the immune microenvironment. Methods Gene expression and clinical data on DLBCL patients were obtained from the GEO database. Metabolism-associated molecular subtypes were identified by consensus clustering. A prognostic risk model containing 14 MAGs was established using Lasso-Cox regression in the GEO training cohort. It was then validated in the GEO internal testing cohort and TCGA external validation cohort. GO, KEGG and GSVA were used to explore the differences in enriched pathways between high- and low-risk groups. ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA analyses were used to assess the immune microenvironment. Finally, WGCNA analysis was used to identify two hub genes among the 14 model MAGs, and they were preliminarily verified in our tissue microarray (TMA) using multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Results Consensus clustering divided DLBCL patients into two metabolic subtypes with significant differences in prognosis and the immune microenvironment. Poor prognosis was associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. A prognostic risk model was constructed based on 14 MAGs and it was used to classify the patients into two risk groups; the high-risk group had poorer prognosis and an immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by low immune score, low immune status, high abundance of immunosuppressive cells, and high expression of immune checkpoints. Cox regression, ROC curve analysis, and a nomogram indicated that the risk model was an independent prognostic factor and had a better prognostic value than the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. The risk model underwent multiple validations and the verification of the two hub genes in TMA indicated consistent results with the bioinformatics analyses. Conclusions The molecular subtypes and a risk model based on MAGs proposed in our study are both promising prognostic classifications in DLBCL, which may provide novel insights for developing accurate targeted cancer therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03393-9.
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Pan X. Cholesterol Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Physiology, Pathologic Mechanisms, and Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:119-143. [PMID: 35503178 PMCID: PMC11106795 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins are risk factors for atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and diabetes. These four conditions have also been identified as risk factors leading to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although many pathways that generate high plasma levels of these factors have been identified, most clinical and physiologic dysfunction results from aberrant assembly and secretion of lipoproteins. The results of several published studies suggest that elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol are a risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery calcification associated with type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD. Cholesterol metabolism has also been identified as an important pathway contributing to the development of CKD; clinical treatments designed to alter various steps of the cholesterol synthesis and metabolism pathway are currently under study. Cholesterol synthesis and catabolism contribute to a multistep process with pathways that are regulated at the cellular level in renal tissue. Cholesterol metabolism may also be regulated by the balance between the influx and efflux of cholesterol molecules that are capable of crossing the membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and podocytes. Cellular accumulation of cholesterol can result in lipotoxicity and ultimately kidney dysfunction and failure. Thus, further research focused on cholesterol metabolism pathways will be necessary to improve our understanding of the impact of cholesterol restriction, which is currently a primary intervention recommended for patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
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Association between the PLTP rs4810479 SNP and Serum Lipid Traits in the Chinese Maonan and Han Populations. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:9925272. [PMID: 34385888 PMCID: PMC8328490 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) gene rs4810479 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid levels is largely unknown. This investigation aimed to evaluate the relationship between the PLTP rs4810479 SNP, several environmental risk factors, and serum lipid parameters in the Chinese Maonan and Han nationalities. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, gel electrophoresis, and direct sequencing were employed to determine the PLTP rs4810479 genotypes in 633 Maonan and 646 Han participants. The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes and the C allele were different between Maonan and Han groups (29.07%, 53.08%, 17.85%, and 55.61% vs. 35.60%, 49.70%, 14.70%, and 60.45%, respectively, P < 0.05). The C allele carriers in the Maonan group had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the C allele noncarriers, but this finding was only found in Maonan males but not in females. The C allele carriers in Han males had lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the C allele noncarriers. Serum lipid profiles were also affected by several traditional cardiovascular risk factors in both populations. There might be an ethnic- and/or sex-specific association between the PLTP rs4810479 SNP and serum lipid traits.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Bortolasci CC, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Moreira EG, Maes M. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and paraoxonase-1 in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:244-263. [PMID: 33657433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been reported in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first episode of psychosis, and schizophrenia. HDL, its major apolipoprotein component, ApoA1, and the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON)1 (which is normally bound to ApoA1) all have anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory roles, which are discussed in this paper. The paper details the pathways mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 and describes the mechanisms leading to compromised HDL and PON1 levels and function in an environment of chronic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which changes in HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 might contribute to the pathophysiology of the neuroprogressive disorders are explained. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory actions of ApoM-mediated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling are reviewed as well as the deleterious effects of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on ApoM/S1P signalling. Finally, therapeutic interventions specifically aimed at improving the levels and function of HDL and PON1 while reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress are considered. These include the so-called Mediterranean diet, extra virgin olive oil, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, pomegranate juice, melatonin and the Mediterranean diet combined with the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Huang K, Chen S, Xie R, Jiang P, Yu C, Fang J, Liu X, Yu F. Identification of three predictors of gastric cancer progression and prognosis. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1891-1899. [PMID: 32735728 PMCID: PMC7459413 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gene expression is an established cause of gastric cancer (GC) initiation and progression. In this study, we aimed to identify several key genes that could be used to effectively predict progression and prognosis in patients with GC. The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to identify candidate genes. Fourteen genes were found to associate highly with progress, metastasis, and survival of GC. Five of these genes were overexpressed in tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue. This was confirmed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting for myosin‐Va (MYO5A), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), and tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), while the CCK8 assay was used to show that these three genes promote GC cell proliferation. In summary, we demonstrate that MYO5A, PLTP, and TPP1 expression may be suitable markers for the progression and prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yunfu People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Yunfu, China
| | - Rongzhang Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yunfu People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Yunfu, China
| | - Pengpeng Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Changjun Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinmei Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xingcun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fazhi Yu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Wang Y, Li Z, Bie X, Liu F, Yao Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang S, Luan Y, Jia J, Xu Y, Yang D, He Y, Zheng H. A Promoter Polymorphism (Rs57137919) of ABCG1 Gene Influence on Blood Lipoprotein in Chinese Han Population. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 68:460-467. [PMID: 32339682 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1) has the function of transporting free intracellular cholesterol to extracellular high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which play a crucial role in atherosclerosis. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between the polymorphisms of the ABCG1 gene promoter region and ischemic stroke. METHODS In the present study, a case-control association study was designed to identify 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs5713919, rs1378577, and rs1893590), which were located in the promoter region of ABCG1 gene by kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction genotyping approach. The in vitro luciferase assay was done to estimate the effect of rs5713919 on gene expression. Finally, the relationships of 3 SNPs of ABCG1 gene with plasma lipids and lipoproteins were investigated in this Chinese cohort. RESULTS The correlation analysis between lipids and genotypes showed that the rs57137919 locus genotype was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (P = 0.021 and P = 0.017, respectively), and the GA and AA genotypes had higher HDL-C levels than the GG genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that ABCG1 promoter region polymorphism rs57137919 has an influence on plasma HDL-C and LDL-C levels in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qihui Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Luan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongzhi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Hantani R, Takahashi Y, Sotani T, Hantani Y. Identification of Novel Phospholipid Transfer Protein Inhibitors by High-Throughput Screening. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:579-586. [PMID: 31017809 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219842210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherogenesis has been recognized as a risk factor for lethal cardiovascular diseases. Plasma low-density lipoprotein levels are correlated to the occurrence of atherosclerosis, and their control is critical for both the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is one of the key regulators of lipoprotein metabolism; PLTP-deficient mice exhibit decreased apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoprotein secretion and atherosclerosis, indicating the validity of PLTP as a promising therapeutic target. Here, we demonstrate a high-throughput screening (HTS) method to identify a novel chemotype of PLTP inhibitors. Instead of using recombinant proteins, we used human plasma as a source of enzymes in the first screening, so as to efficiently exclude promiscuous inhibitors. The selected compounds were further confirmed to target PLTP both biochemically and biophysically and were shown to inhibit apoB secretion from hepatic cells with no apparent toxicity. We believe that our approach is suitable for filtering out nonspecific inhibitors at an earlier stage of screening campaigns and that these compounds should have potential to be developed into drugs to treat dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Hantani
- 1 Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- 1 Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sotani
- 1 Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Hantani
- 1 Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Zhu L, Shi J, Luu TN, Neuman JC, Trefts E, Yu S, Palmisano BT, Wasserman DH, Linton MF, Stafford JM. Hepatocyte estrogen receptor alpha mediates estrogen action to promote reverse cholesterol transport during Western-type diet feeding. Mol Metab 2017; 8:106-116. [PMID: 29331506 PMCID: PMC5985047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocyte deletion of estrogen receptor alpha (LKO-ERα) worsens fatty liver, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet fed female mice. However, whether or not hepatocyte ERα regulates reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in mice has not yet been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS Using LKO-ERα mice and wild-type (WT) littermates fed a Western-type diet, we found that deletion of hepatocyte ERα impaired in vivo RCT measured by the removal of 3H-cholesterol from macrophages to the liver, and subsequently to feces, in female mice but not in male mice. Deletion of hepatocyte ERα decreased the capacity of isolated HDL to efflux cholesterol from macrophages and reduced the ability of isolated hepatocytes to accept cholesterol from HDL ex vivo in both sexes. However, only in female mice, LKO-ERα increased serum cholesterol levels and increased HDL particle sizes. Deletion of hepatocyte ERα increased adiposity and worsened insulin resistance to a greater degree in female than male mice. All of the changes lead to a 5.6-fold increase in the size of early atherosclerotic lesions in female LKO-ERα mice compared to WT controls. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen signaling through hepatocyte ERα plays an important role in RCT and is protective against lipid retention in the artery wall during early stages of atherosclerosis in female mice fed a Western-type diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | - Jeanne Shi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA; Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, USA
| | - Thao N Luu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | | | - Elijah Trefts
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Sophia Yu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | - Brian T Palmisano
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, USA; Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA.
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12
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Dong W, Gong H, Zhang G, Vuletic S, Albers J, Zhang J, Liang H, Sui Y, Zheng J. Lipoprotein lipase and phospholipid transfer protein overexpression in human glioma cells and their effect on cell growth, apoptosis, and migration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:62-73. [PMID: 27864281 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the common tumors in brain. The expression level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) may influence glioma progression and its relationship with clinical and pathological parameters. The clinical significance of LPL or PLTP expression in glioma has not been established. In the present study, the LPL and PLTP levels in glioma tumors were investigated and the relationship between the LPL and PLTP level and the grade of malignant glioma was analyzed, with the aim to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas in clinical and basic research settings. LPL and PLTP mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in Grade IV glioma than those in the lower grade tumors (P < 0.01). Double immunofluorescent staining showed that the levels of LPL and PLTP were significantly associated with the pathological grade of glioma (P = 0.005). The levels of LPL and PLTP were increased with the shortened survival of glioma patients (P < 0.001). Knockdown of LPL and PLTP led to decreased cell growth and migration but increased apoptosis in vitro Additionally, cell cycle-related cyclins and their partners were found to be down-regulated while cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16, p21, and Rb were up-regulated. Furthermore, knockdown of LPL or PLTP resulted in the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic molecules and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic molecules. Ablation of LPL or PLTP in U251 cells resulted in the down-regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition markers and invasion molecules matrix metalloproteinases. LPL and PLTP appear to be novel glioma-associated proteins and play a role in the progression of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Dong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huilin Gong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Simona Vuletic
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109 WA
| | - John Albers
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109 WA
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanxia Sui
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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13
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Filippatos TD, Florentin M, Georgoula M, Elisaf MS. Pharmacological management of diabetic dyslipidemia. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 10:187-200. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1263565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - M. Florentin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - M. Georgoula
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - M. S. Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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14
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhai L, Zhou G, Yu A, Cao H, Shucun Q. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in mice impairs macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1466-72. [PMID: 27037277 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216641218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein is expressed in various cell types and secreted into plasma, where it transfers phospholipids between lipoproteins and modulates the composition of high-density lipoprotein particles. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in vivo can lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level significantly and impact the biological quality of high-density lipoprotein. Considering high-density lipoprotein was a critical determinant for reverse cholesterol transport, we investigated the role of systemic phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo After the littermate phospholipid transfer protein KO and WT mice were fed high-fat diet for one month, they were injected intraperitoneally with (3)H-cholesterol-labeled and acLDL-loaded macrophages. Then the appearance of (3)H-tracer in plasma, liver, bile, intestinal wall, and feces over 48 h was determined. Plasma lipid analysis indicated phospholipid transfer protein deficiency lowered total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-C and apolipoprotein A1 levels significantly but increased triglyceride level in mice. The isotope tracing experiment showed (3)H-cholesterol of plasma was decreased by 68% for male and 62% for female, and (3)H-tracer of bile was decreased by 37% for male and 21% for female in phospholipid transfer protein KO mice compared with WT mice. However, there was no difference in liver, and (3)H-tracer of intestinal wall was increased by 43% for male and 27% for female. Finally, (3)H-tracer of fecal excretion in phospholipid transfer protein KO mice was reduced significantly by 36% for male and 43% for female during 0-24 h period, but there was no significant difference during 24-48 h period. Meanwhile, Western Blot analysis showed the expressions of reverse cholesterol transport -related protein liver X receptor α (LXRα), ATP binding cassette transporter A1, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase A1 were upregulated in liver of phospholipid transfer protein KO mice compared with WT mice. These data reveal that systemic phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in mice impairs macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Si
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Lei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Guanghai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ailing Yu
- Taian Center Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Haijun Cao
- Taian Center Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Qin Shucun
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
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15
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The TULIP superfamily of eukaryotic lipid-binding proteins as a mediator of lipid sensing and transport. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:913-923. [PMID: 26825693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The tubular lipid-binding (TULIP) superfamily has emerged in recent years as a major mediator of lipid sensing and transport in eukaryotes. It currently encompasses three protein families, SMP-like, BPI-like, and Takeout-like, which share a common fold. This fold consists of a long helix wrapped in a highly curved anti-parallel β-sheet, enclosing a central, lipophilic cavity. The SMP-like proteins, which include subunits of the ERMES complex and the extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts), appear to be mainly located at membrane contacts sites (MCSs) between organelles, mediating inter-organelle lipid exchange. The BPI-like proteins, which include the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), the LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-binding protein (LBP), the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and the phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), are either involved in innate immunity against bacteria through their ability to sense lipopolysaccharides, as is the case for BPI and LBP, or in lipid exchange between lipoprotein particles, as is the case for CETP and PLTP. The Takeout-like proteins, which are comprised of insect juvenile hormone-binding proteins and arthropod allergens, transport, where known, lipid hormones to target tissues during insect development. In all cases, the activity of these proteins is underpinned by their ability to bind large, hydrophobic ligands in their central cavity and segregate them away from the aqueous environment. Furthermore, where they are involved in lipid exchange, recent structural studies have highlighted their ability to establish lipophilic, tubular channels, either between organelles in the case of SMP domains or between lipoprotein particles in the case of CETP. Here, we review the current knowledge on the structure, versatile functions, and evolution of the TULIP superfamily. We propose a deep evolutionary split in this superfamily, predating the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor, between the SMP-like proteins, which act on lipids endogenous to the cell, and the BPI-like proteins (including the Takeout-like proteins of arthropods), which act on exogenous lipids. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The cellular lipid landscape edited by Tim P. Levine and Anant K. Menon.
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16
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Azuma K, Nagae T, Nagai T, Izawa H, Morimoto M, Murahata Y, Osaki T, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Ito N, Okamoto Y, Saimoto H, Ifuku S. Effects of Surface-Deacetylated Chitin Nanofibers in an Experimental Model of Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17445-55. [PMID: 26263969 PMCID: PMC4581201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of oral administration of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers (SDACNFs) on hypercholesterolemia using an experimental model. All rats were fed a high cholesterol diet with 1% w/w cholesterol and 0.5% w/w cholic acid for 28 days. Rats were divided equally into four groups: the control group was administered 0.05% acetic acid dissolved in tap water, and the SDACNF, chitosan (CS), and cellulose nanofiber (CLNF) groups were administered 0.1% CNF, CS, or CLNF dissolved in the tap water, respectively, during the experimental period. Changes in body weight, intake of food and water, and organ weight were measured. Serum blood chemistry and histopathological examination of the liver were performed. Administration of SDACNF did not affect body weight change, food and water intake, or organ weights. Administration of SDACNF and CS decreased the diet-induced increase in serum total cholesterol, chylomicron, very-low-density lipoprotein, and phospholipid levels on day 14. Moreover, oral administration of SDACNFs suppressed the increase of alanine transaminase levels on day 29 and suppressed vacuolar degeneration and accumulation of lipid droplets in liver tissue. These data indicate that SDACNF has potential as a functional food for patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Azuma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Tomone Nagae
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Nagai
- Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama 206-0025, Japan.
| | - Hironori Izawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Murahata
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Ito
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Saimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
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17
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Temel RE, Brown JM. A new model of reverse cholesterol transport: enTICEing strategies to stimulate intestinal cholesterol excretion. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:440-51. [PMID: 25930707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the largest cause of mortality in most developed countries. Although recent failed clinical trials and Mendelian randomization studies have called into question the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) hypothesis, it remains well accepted that stimulating the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) can prevent or even regress atherosclerosis. The prevailing model for RCT is that cholesterol from the artery wall must be delivered to the liver where it is secreted into bile before leaving the body through fecal excretion. However, many studies have demonstrated that RCT can proceed through a non-biliary pathway known as transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE). The goal of this review is to discuss the current state of knowledge of the TICE pathway, with emphasis on points of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Temel
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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18
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PPAR-β/δ activation promotes phospholipid transfer protein expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Breevoort SR, Angdisen J, Schulman IG. Macrophage-independent regulation of reverse cholesterol transport by liver X receptors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1650-60. [PMID: 24947527 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles to accept cholesterol from peripheral cells, such as lipid-laden macrophages, and to transport cholesterol to the liver for catabolism and excretion in a process termed reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is thought to underlie the beneficial cardiovascular effects of elevated HDL. The liver X receptors (LXRs; LXRα and LXRβ) regulate RCT by controlling the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages to HDL and the excretion, catabolism, and absorption of cholesterol in the liver and intestine. Importantly, treatment with LXR agonists increases RCT and decreases atherosclerosis in animal models. Nevertheless, LXRs are expressed in multiple tissues involved in RCT, and their tissue-specific contributions to RCT are still not well defined. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using tissue-specific LXR deletions together with in vitro and in vivo assays of cholesterol efflux and fecal cholesterol excretion, we demonstrate that macrophage LXR activity is neither necessary nor sufficient for LXR agonist-stimulated RCT. In contrast, the ability of LXR agonists primarily acting in the intestine to increase HDL mass and HDL function seems to underlie the ability of LXR agonists to stimulate RCT in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that activation of LXR in macrophages makes little or no contribution to LXR agonist-stimulated RCT. Unexpectedly, our studies suggest that the ability of macrophages to efflux cholesterol to HDL in vivo is not regulated by macrophage activity but is primarily determined by the quantity and functional activity of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Breevoort
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jerry Angdisen
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ira G Schulman
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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20
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Niacin inhibits vascular inflammation via downregulating nuclear transcription factor-κB signaling pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:263786. [PMID: 24991087 PMCID: PMC4058495 DOI: 10.1155/2014/263786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of niacin on vascular inflammatory lesions in vivo and in vitro as well as its lipid-regulating mechanism. In vivo study revealed that niacin downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) in plasma, suppressed protein expression of CD68 and NF-κB p65 in arterial wall, and attenuated oxidative stress in guinea pigs that have been fed high fat diet. In vitro study further confirmed that niacin decreased the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and inhibited NF-κB p65 and notch1 protein expression in oxLDL-stimulated HUVECs and THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, niacin attenuated oxLDL-induced apoptosis of HUVECs as well. In addition, niacin significantly lessened lipid deposition in arterial wall, increased HDL-C and apoA levels and decreased TG and non-HDL-C levels in plasma, and upregulated the mRNA amount of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase A1 in liver of guinea pigs. These data suggest for the first time that niacin inhibits vascular inflammation in vivo and in vitro via downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, niacin also modulates plasma lipid by upregulating the expression of factors involved in the process of reverse cholesterol transport.
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21
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Chirackal Manavalan AP, Kober A, Metso J, Lang I, Becker T, Hasslitzer K, Zandl M, Fanaee-Danesh E, Pippal JB, Sachdev V, Kratky D, Stefulj J, Jauhiainen M, Panzenboeck U. Phospholipid transfer protein is expressed in cerebrovascular endothelial cells and involved in high density lipoprotein biogenesis and remodeling at the blood-brain barrier. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:4683-98. [PMID: 24369175 PMCID: PMC3931031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.499129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is a key protein involved in biogenesis and remodeling of plasma HDL. Several neuroprotective properties have been ascribed to HDL. We reported earlier that liver X receptor (LXR) activation promotes cellular cholesterol efflux and formation of HDL-like particles in an established in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) consisting of primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (pBCEC). Here, we report PLTP synthesis, regulation, and its key role in HDL metabolism at the BBB. We demonstrate that PLTP is highly expressed and secreted by pBCEC. In a polarized in vitro model mimicking the BBB, pBCEC secreted phospholipid-transfer active PLTP preferentially to the basolateral ("brain parenchymal") compartment. PLTP expression levels and phospholipid transfer activity were enhanced (up to 2.5-fold) by LXR activation using 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (a cerebral cholesterol metabolite) or TO901317 (a synthetic LXR agonist). TO901317 administration elevated PLTP activity in BCEC from C57/BL6 mice. Preincubation of HDL3 with human plasma-derived active PLTP resulted in the formation of smaller and larger HDL particles and enhanced the capacity of the generated HDL particles to remove cholesterol from pBCEC by up to 3-fold. Pre-β-HDL, detected by two-dimensional crossed immunoelectrophoresis, was generated from HDL3 in pBCEC-derived supernatants, and their generation was markedly enhanced (1.9-fold) upon LXR activation. Furthermore, RNA interference-mediated PLTP silencing (up to 75%) reduced both apoA-I-dependent (67%) and HDL3-dependent (30%) cholesterol efflux from pBCEC. Based on these findings, we propose that PLTP is actively involved in lipid transfer, cholesterol efflux, HDL genesis, and remodeling at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jari Metso
- the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland, and
| | - Ingrid Lang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, and
| | | | | | - Martina Zandl
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology
| | | | | | - Vinay Sachdev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jasminka Stefulj
- the Department of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland, and
| | - Ute Panzenboeck
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, , To whom correspondence should be addressed: Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria. Tel.: 43-316-3801955; Fax: 43-316-3809640; E-mail:
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22
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Valanti E, Tsompanidis A, Sanoudou D. Pharmacogenomics in the development and characterization of atheroprotective drugs. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:259-300. [PMID: 25150873 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. The clinically available atheroprotective drugs aim mainly at reducing the levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and attenuating inflammation. However, the cardiovascular risk remains high, along with morbidity, mortality, and incidence of adverse drug events. Pharmacogenomics is increasingly contributing towards the characterization of existing atheroprotective drugs, the evaluation of novel ones, and the identification of promising, unexplored therapeutic targets, at the global molecular pathway level. This chapter presents highlights of pharmacogenomics investigations and discoveries that have contributed towards the elucidation of pharmacological atheroprotection, while opening the way to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Valanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 115 27, Greece
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23
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Pérez-Méndez Ó, Pacheco HG, Martínez-Sánchez C, Franco M. HDL-cholesterol in coronary artery disease risk: function or structure? Clin Chim Acta 2013; 429:111-22. [PMID: 24333390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are inversely related with coronary artery disease (CAD) and HDL-cholesterol is the only standardized and reproducible parameter available to estimate plasma concentration of these lipoproteins. However, pharmacological interventions intended to increase HDL-cholesterol have not been consistently associated to an effective CAD risk reduction. Among patients with a myocardial infarction, 43 and 44% of men and women, respectively, had normal plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol, whereas genetic studies have failed to show a causal association between HDL-cholesterol and CAD risk. Instead, HDL functionality seems to be the target to be evaluated, but the existing methods are still poorly reproducible and far to be adapted to the clinical laboratory. HDL subclasses rise as a potential alternative for the evaluation of CAD risk; HDL subclasses are a surrogate of intravascular metabolism of these lipoproteins and probably of their functionality. Low levels of large HDL and increased proportions of small particles are the most remarkable features associated to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or CAD. However, inflammation and other environmental factors are related with abnormal HDL structure, and, as a consequence, more prospective studies are needed to better support the clinical usefulness of HDL subclasses. New insights from proteome and lipidome profiles of HDL will provide potential HDL-related biomarkers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico, DF, Mexico.
| | - Héctor González Pacheco
- Department of Emergency, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Emergency, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Martha Franco
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico, DF, Mexico
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24
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Liu M, Seo J, Allegood J, Bi X, Zhu X, Boudyguina E, Gebre AK, Avni D, Shah D, Sorci-Thomas MG, Thomas MJ, Shelness GS, Spiegel S, Parks JS. Hepatic apolipoprotein M (apoM) overexpression stimulates formation of larger apoM/sphingosine 1-phosphate-enriched plasma high density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2801-14. [PMID: 24318881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.499913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM), a lipocalin family member, preferentially associates with plasma HDL and binds plasma sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a signaling molecule active in immune homeostasis and endothelial barrier function. ApoM overexpression in ABCA1-expressing HEK293 cells stimulated larger nascent HDL formation, compared with cells that did not express apoM; however, the in vivo role of apoM in HDL metabolism remains poorly understood. To test whether hepatic apoM overexpression increases plasma HDL size, we generated hepatocyte-specific apoM transgenic (APOM Tg) mice, which had an ∼3-5-fold increase in plasma apoM levels compared with wild-type mice. Although HDL cholesterol concentrations were similar to wild-type mice, APOM Tg mice had larger plasma HDLs enriched in apoM, cholesteryl ester, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and S1P. Despite the presence of larger plasma HDLs in APOM Tg mice, in vivo macrophage reverse cholesterol transport capacity was similar to that in wild-type mice. APOM Tg mice had an ∼5-fold increase in plasma S1P, which was predominantly associated with larger plasma HDLs. Primary hepatocytes from APOM Tg mice generated larger nascent HDLs and displayed increased sphingolipid synthesis and S1P secretion. Inhibition of ceramide synthases in hepatocytes increased cellular S1P levels but not S1P secretion, suggesting that apoM is rate-limiting in the export of hepatocyte S1P. Our data indicate that hepatocyte-specific apoM overexpression generates larger nascent HDLs and larger plasma HDLs, which preferentially bind apoM and S1P, and stimulates S1P biosynthesis for secretion. The unique apoM/S1P-enriched plasma HDL may serve to deliver S1P to extrahepatic tissues for atheroprotection and may have other as yet unidentified functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- From the Departments of Pathology-Lipid Sciences and
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van Capelleveen JC, Bochem AE, Motazacker MM, Hovingh GK, Kastelein JJP. Genetics of HDL-C: a causal link to atherosclerosis? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 15:326. [PMID: 23591671 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-013-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies have consistently reported an inverse association between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, large intervention trials on HDL-C-increasing drugs and recent Mendelian randomization studies have questioned a causal relationship between HDL-C and atherosclerosis. HDL-C levels have been shown to be highly heritable, and the combination of HDL-C-associated SNPs in recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) only explains a small proportion of this heritability. As a large part of our current understanding of HDL metabolism comes from genetic studies, further insights in this research field may aid us in elucidating HDL functionality in relation to CVD risk. In this review we focus on the question of whether genetically defined HDL-C levels are associated with risk of atherosclerosis. We also discuss the latest insights for HDL-C-associated genes and recent GWAS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C van Capelleveen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Activation of paraoxonase 1 is associated with HDL remodeling ex vivo. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 429:38-45. [PMID: 24280342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesize that during high density lipoprotein (HDL) remodeling PON1 reaches an optimal distribution in HDL subclasses by which it achieves maximum activity. We conducted this study to gain insight on PON1 fate and activation during short-term HDL remodeling ex vivo. METHODS Serum from 8 healthy volunteers was either frozen at -80°C (time 0) or incubated under sterile conditions for up to 48h at 37°C or at 4°C. Aliquots were taken at 3, 6, 9, 24 and 48 h and immediately frozen at -80°C. PON1 activities were measured, as well as PON1 and apolipoprotein distributions in HDL subclasses by gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The first novel finding in our study is the evidence provided for a significant activation of both lactonase and arylesterase activities of PON1 that ensues in a very short time frame of incubation of serum ex vivo at 37°C. All subjects studied displayed these changes, the activation was apparent in <3h, peaked at 6h and amounted to >20%. This is associated with a temperature and time-dependent redistribution of PON1 activity in HDL subclasses, with an increase in activity in both very large HDL2 and small HDL3 in the first phase (3-9h), followed by a progressive transfer of PON1 to very large HDL2 as the particles mature. These changes are paralleled by the appearance of weak, but apparent PON1 activity at subspecies that correspond to sdLDL. During the first phase of PON1 activation and shifts, a parallel shift of apoE can be evidenced: at 3-9h, apoE increases in sdLDL, after that time it is lost from HDL and also from sdLDL and stays in VLDL at the origin of the run. ApoA-I shifts towards larger particles, which parallels the change in PON1. As HDL matures there is a progressive shift of apoA-II towards larger HDL. Low levels of apoA-IV at the initiation of the incubation are followed by time dependent quick disappearance of apoA-IV in HDL which parallels the changes in PON1, apoE and A-II. CONCLUSION Short, ex vivo incubation of serum leads to quick activation of PON1 associated with transfers to HDL3c, large HDL and sdLDL. The process is blocked by CETP and LCAT inhibitors. The data suggest that HDL maturation optimizes PON1 activity. These findings may be of interest for future studies aimed at modulating PON-1 activity for its cardioprotective effects and suggest a new mechanism whereby CETP inhibitors failed in clinical trials.
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Rychtrmoc D, Hubálková L, Víšková A, Libra A, Bunček M, Červinková Z. Transcriptome temporal and functional analysis of liver regeneration termination. Physiol Res 2013; 61:S77-92. [PMID: 23130906 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of liver regeneration studies still left the termination phase least elucidated. However regeneration ending mechanisms are clinicaly relevant. We aimed to analyse the timing and transcriptional control of the latest phase of liver regeneration, both controversial. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy with recovery lasting from 1 to 14 days. Time-series microarray data were assessed by innovative combination of hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis and validated by real-time RT-PCR. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis in agreement distinguished three temporal phases of liver regeneration. We found 359 genes specifically altered during late phase regeneration. Gene enrichment analysis and manual review of microarray data suggested five pathways worth further study: PPAR signalling pathway; lipid metabolism; complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades; ECM remodelling and xenobiotic biotransformation. Microarray findings pertinent for termination phase were substantiated by real-time RT-PCR. In conclusion, transcriptional profiling mapped late phase of liver regeneration beyond 5(th) day of recovery and revealed 5 pathways specifically acting at this time. Inclusion of longer post-surgery intervals brought improved coverage of regeneration time dynamics and is advisable for further works. Investigation into the workings of suggested pathways might prove helpful in preventing and managing liver tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rychtrmoc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Bays HE, Toth PP, Kris-Etherton PM, Abate N, Aronne LJ, Brown WV, Gonzalez-Campoy JM, Jones SR, Kumar R, La Forge R, Samuel VT. Obesity, adiposity, and dyslipidemia: a consensus statement from the National Lipid Association. J Clin Lipidol 2013; 7:304-83. [PMID: 23890517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The term "fat" may refer to lipids as well as the cells and tissue that store lipid (ie, adipocytes and adipose tissue). "Lipid" is derived from "lipos," which refers to animal fat or vegetable oil. Adiposity refers to body fat and is derived from "adipo," referring to fat. Adipocytes and adipose tissue store the greatest amount of body lipids, including triglycerides and free cholesterol. Adipocytes and adipose tissue are active from an endocrine and immune standpoint. Adipocyte hypertrophy and excessive adipose tissue accumulation can promote pathogenic adipocyte and adipose tissue effects (adiposopathy), resulting in abnormal levels of circulating lipids, with dyslipidemia being a major atherosclerotic coronary heart disease risk factor. It is therefore incumbent upon lipidologists to be among the most knowledgeable in the understanding of the relationship between excessive body fat and dyslipidemia. On September 16, 2012, the National Lipid Association held a Consensus Conference with the goal of better defining the effect of adiposity on lipoproteins, how the pathos of excessive body fat (adiposopathy) contributes to dyslipidemia, and how therapies such as appropriate nutrition, increased physical activity, weight-management drugs, and bariatric surgery might be expected to impact dyslipidemia. It is hoped that the information derived from these proceedings will promote a greater appreciation among clinicians of the impact of excess adiposity and its treatment on dyslipidemia and prompt more research on the effects of interventions for improving dyslipidemia and reducing cardiovascular disease risk in overweight and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY 40213, USA.
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Nagy ZS, Czimmerer Z, Nagy L. Nuclear receptor mediated mechanisms of macrophage cholesterol metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:85-98. [PMID: 22546548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages comprise a family of multi-faceted phagocytic effector cells that differentiate "in situ" from circulating monocytes to exert various functions including clearance of foreign pathogens as well as debris derived from host cells. Macrophages also possess the ability to engulf and metabolize lipids and this way connect lipid metabolism and inflammation. The molecular link between these processes is provided by certain members of the nuclear receptor family. For instance, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR) are able to sense the dynamically changing lipid environment and translate it to gene expression changes in order to modulate the cellular phenotype. Atherosclerosis embodies both sides of this coin: it is a disease in which macrophages with altered cholesterol metabolism keep the arteries in a chronically inflamed state. A large body of publications has accumulated during the past few decades describing the role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of macrophage cholesterol homeostasis, their contribution to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and their crosstalk with inflammatory pathways. This review will summarize the most recent findings from this field narrowly focusing on the contribution of various nuclear receptors to macrophage cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna S Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, H-4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Hungary.
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Béaslas O, Metso J, Nissilä E, Laurila PP, Kaiharju E, Batchu KC, Kaipiainen L, Mäyränpää MI, Yan D, Gylling H, Jauhiainen M, Olkkonen VM. Osbpl8 deficiency in mouse causes an elevation of high-density lipoproteins and gender-specific alterations of lipid metabolism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58856. [PMID: 23554939 PMCID: PMC3598917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OSBP-related protein 8 (ORP8) encoded by Osbpl8 is an endoplasmic reticulum sterol sensor implicated in cellular lipid metabolism. We generated an Osbpl8−/− (KO) C57Bl/6 mouse strain. Wild-type and Osbpl8KO animals at the age of 13-weeks were fed for 5 weeks either chow or high-fat diet, and their plasma lipids/lipoproteins and hepatic lipids were analyzed. The chow-fed Osbpl8KO male mice showed a marked elevation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (+79%) and phospholipids (+35%), while only minor increase of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was detected. In chow-fed female KO mice a less prominent increase of HDL cholesterol (+27%) was observed, while on western diet the HDL increment was prominent in both genders. The HDL increase was accompanied by an elevated level of HDL-associated apolipoprotein E in male, but not female KO animals. No differences between genotypes were observed in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) or hepatic lipase (HL) activity, or in the fractional catabolic rate of fluorescently labeled mouse HDL injected in chow-diet fed animals. The Osbpl8KO mice of both genders displayed reduced phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity, but only on chow diet. These findings are consistent with a model in which Osbpl8 deficiency results in altered biosynthesis of HDL. Consistent with this hypothesis, ORP8 depleted mouse hepatocytes secreted an increased amount of nascent HDL into the culture medium. In addition to the HDL phenotype, distinct gender-specific alterations in lipid metabolism were detected: Female KO animals on chow diet showed reduced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and increased plasma triglycerides, while the male KO mice displayed elevated plasma cholesterol biosynthetic markers cholestenol, desmosterol, and lathosterol. Moreover, modest gender-specific alterations in the hepatic expression of lipid homeostatic genes were observed. In conclusion, we report the first viable OsbplKO mouse model, demonstrating a HDL elevating effect of Osbpl8 knock-out and additional gender- and/or diet-dependent impacts on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Béaslas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Nissilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Chaithanya Batchu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kaipiainen
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I. Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB Division of Pathology, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daoguang Yan
- Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Helena Gylling
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Schmidt S, Willers J, Stahl F, Mutz KO, Scheper T, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Regulation of lipid metabolism-related gene expression in whole blood cells of normo- and dyslipidemic men after fish oil supplementation. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:172. [PMID: 23241455 PMCID: PMC3543286 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the lipid levels of dyslipidemic subjects are widely described in the literature. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in normo- and dyslipidemic men to unveil potential genes and pathways affecting lipid metabolism. Methods Ten normo- and ten dyslipidemic men were supplemented for twelve weeks with six fish oil capsules per day, providing 1.14 g docosahexaenoic acid and 1.56 g eicosapentaenoic acid. The gene expression levels were determined by whole genome microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Several transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), retinoid X receptor (RXR) α, RXRγ, hepatic nuclear factor (HNF) 6, and HNF1ß) as well as other genes related to triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis or high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and cholesterol metabolism (phospholipids transfer protein, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5, 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase (MOGAT) 3, MOGAT2, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, sterol O-acyltransferase 1, apolipoprotein CII, and low-density lipoprotein receptor) were regulated after n-3 PUFA supplementation, especially in dyslipidemic men. Conclusion Gene expression analyses revealed several possible molecular pathways by which n-3 PUFAs lower the TG level and increase the HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein level, whereupon the regulation of PPARα appear to play a central role. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT01089231)
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, Hannover, 30167, Germany
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Goldstein I, Rotter V. Regulation of lipid metabolism by p53 - fighting two villains with one sword. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:567-75. [PMID: 22819212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both cellular and systemic metabolism of lipids are paramount for homeostasis, and their malfunction leads to devastating pathologies. Recently, exciting findings have linked the p53 tumor suppressor to the regulation of lipid metabolism. Here, we summarize these findings showing a clear role for p53 in enhancing lipid catabolism while inhibiting its anabolism. We also describe the multitude of genes regulated by p53 that participate in or regulate systemic lipid transport. From the compilation of available data a scenario is emerging in which p53 regulates genes involved in lipid metabolism - both in a cancer-preventive effort and, intriguingly, as a means to prevent atherosclerosis. Thus, by regulating lipid metabolism, p53 fights the two major causes of death worldwide - atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Goldstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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Genetic modulation of lipid profiles following lifestyle modification or metformin treatment: the Diabetes Prevention Program. PLoS Genet 2012. [PMID: 22951888 PMCID: PMC3431328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight-loss interventions generally improve lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular disease risk, but effects are variable and may depend on genetic factors. We performed a genetic association analysis of data from 2,993 participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program to test the hypotheses that a genetic risk score (GRS) based on deleterious alleles at 32 lipid-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms modifies the effects of lifestyle and/or metformin interventions on lipid levels and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lipoprotein subfraction size and number. Twenty-three loci previously associated with fasting LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides replicated (P = 0.04–1×10−17). Except for total HDL particles (r = −0.03, P = 0.26), all components of the lipid profile correlated with the GRS (partial |r| = 0.07–0.17, P = 5×10−5–1×10−19). The GRS was associated with higher baseline-adjusted 1-year LDL cholesterol levels (β = +0.87, SEE±0.22 mg/dl/allele, P = 8×10−5, Pinteraction = 0.02) in the lifestyle intervention group, but not in the placebo (β = +0.20, SEE±0.22 mg/dl/allele, P = 0.35) or metformin (β = −0.03, SEE±0.22 mg/dl/allele, P = 0.90; Pinteraction = 0.64) groups. Similarly, a higher GRS predicted a greater number of baseline-adjusted small LDL particles at 1 year in the lifestyle intervention arm (β = +0.30, SEE±0.012 ln nmol/L/allele, P = 0.01, Pinteraction = 0.01) but not in the placebo (β = −0.002, SEE±0.008 ln nmol/L/allele, P = 0.74) or metformin (β = +0.013, SEE±0.008 nmol/L/allele, P = 0.12; Pinteraction = 0.24) groups. Our findings suggest that a high genetic burden confers an adverse lipid profile and predicts attenuated response in LDL-C levels and small LDL particle number to dietary and physical activity interventions aimed at weight loss. The study included 2,993 participants from the Diabetes Prevention Program, a randomized clinical trial of intensive lifestyle intervention, metformin treatment, and placebo control. We examined associations between 32 gene variants that have been reproducibly associated with dyslipidemia and concentrations of lipids and NMR lipoprotein particle sizes and numbers. We also examined whether genetic background influences a person's response to cardioprotective interventions on lipid levels. Our analysis, which focused on determining whether common genetic variants impact the effects of cardioprotective interventions on lipid and lipoprotein particle size, shows that in persons with a high genetic risk score the benefit of intensive lifestyle intervention on LDL and small LDL particle levels is substantially diminished; this information may be informative for the targeted prevention of dyslipidemia, as it suggests that genetics might help identify persons in whom lifestyle intervention is likely to be an effective treatment for elevated lipids and lipoproteins. The NMR subfraction analyses provide novel insight into the biology of dyslipidemia by illustrating how numerous genetic variants that have previously been associated with lipid levels also modulate NMR lipoprotein particle sizes and number. This information may be informative for the targeted prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Eren E, Yilmaz N, Aydin O. High Density Lipoprotein and it's Dysfunction. Open Biochem J 2012; 6:78-93. [PMID: 22888373 PMCID: PMC3414806 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01206010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels do not predict functionality and composition of high-density lipoprotein(HDL). Traditionally, keeping levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) down and HDL-C up have been the goal of patients to prevent atherosclerosis that can lead to coronary vascular disease(CVD). People think about the HDL present in their cholesterol test, but not about its functional capability. Up to 65% of cardiovascular death cannot be prevented by putative LDL-C lowering agents. It well explains the strong interest in HDL increasing strategies. However, recent studies have questioned the good in using drugs to increase level of HDL. While raising HDL is a theoretically attractive target, the optimal approach remains uncertain. The attention has turned to the quality, rather than the quantity, of HDL-C. An alternative to elevations in HDL involves strategies to enhance HDL functionality. The situation poses an opportunity for clinical chemists to take the lead in the development and validation of such biomarkers. The best known function of HDL is the capacity to promote cellular cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and deliver cholesterol to the liver for excretion, thereby playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from CVD.This review addresses the current state of knowledge regarding assays of HDL functions and their relationship to CVD. HDL as a therapeutic target is the new frontier with huge potential for positive public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Antalya Public Health Center of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
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35
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2012; 23:156-63. [PMID: 22418573 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283521229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19:142-7. [PMID: 22374141 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283520fe6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Azzam KM, Fessler MB. Crosstalk between reverse cholesterol transport and innate immunity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:169-78. [PMID: 22406271 PMCID: PMC3338129 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although lipid metabolism and host defense are widely considered to be very divergent disciplines, compelling evidence suggests that host cell handling of self- and microbe-derived (e.g. lipopolysaccharide, LPS) lipids may have common evolutionary roots, and that they indeed may be inseparable processes. The innate immune response and the homeostatic network controlling cellular sterol levels are now known to regulate each other reciprocally, with important implications for several common diseases, including atherosclerosis. In the present review we discuss recent discoveries that provide new insight into the bidirectional crosstalk between reverse cholesterol transport and innate immunity, and highlight the broader implications of these findings for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Azzam
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Fang CS, Wang YC, Zhang TH, Wu J, Wang W, Wang C, Zhang MY. Clinical significance of serum lipids in idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:12. [PMID: 22252101 PMCID: PMC3271981 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP) is characterised by accumulation of surfactant lipids and proteins within airspaces. However, few previous data describe the serum lipid levels associated with PAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients with idiopathic PAP(iPAP). The serum lipid levels of patients with idiopathic PAP were compared with those of the healthy volunteers. In patients and healthy subjects, the LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were 2.94 ± 1.21 and 1.60 ± 0.70, respectively (p < 0.001), HDL-C were 1.11 ± 0.27 and 1.71 ± 0.71 respectively (p < 0.001). The values of LDL-C correlated significantly with those of PaO2 and PA-aO2 (r = -0.685, p = 0.003, and r = 0.688, p = 0.003, respectively). The values of LDL-C/HDL-C ratios also correlated with PaO2 levels and PA-aO2 levels (r = -0.698, p = 0.003, and r = 0.653, p = 0.006, respectively). 11 and 13 patients experienced respectively a decline in TC and LDL-C levels following whole lung lavage(WLL), the median decline was 0.71 mmol/L(p < 0.009) and 0.47 mmol/L(p < 0.003), respectively. CONCLUSIONS the serum lipid levels, especially the levels of LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C, may reflect the severity of the disease in PAP patients, and predict the therapeutic effect of WLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun S Fang
- Nine department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
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HDL-associated enzymes and proteins in hemodialysis patients. Clin Biochem 2011; 45:243-8. [PMID: 22206739 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate HDL-associated proteins and enzymes and their relation with lipoprotein profile and inflammatory markers in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 53 patients under hemodialysis and 32 healthy subjects as controls. We compared plasma lipids, Apoprotein-AI and hs-CRP, as a marker of chronic inflammation. We evaluated proteins and enzymes associated to HDL, involved in several points of lipoprotein metabolism: CETP, paraoxonase and LpPLA2 activities. Hepatic lipase was measured in postheparin plasma. RESULTS Patients showed higher triglycerides and lower LDL-, HDL- and total-cholesterol than controls (p<0.05). Also, in comparison with controls, Apoprotein-AI, paraoxonase and hepatic lipase were lower, while CETP was higher (p<0.03). LpPLA2 did not show changes between groups. CONCLUSION Beyond plasma lipid-lipoprotein profile, other factors could contribute to induce a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory status. The protective role of HDL does not only depend on its concentration, but also on its functionality.
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Petersen AK, Stark K, Musameh MD, Nelson CP, Römisch-Margl W, Kremer W, Raffler J, Krug S, Skurk T, Rist MJ, Daniel H, Hauner H, Adamski J, Tomaszewski M, Döring A, Peters A, Wichmann HE, Kaess BM, Kalbitzer HR, Huber F, Pfahlert V, Samani NJ, Kronenberg F, Dieplinger H, Illig T, Hengstenberg C, Suhre K, Gieger C, Kastenmüller G. Genetic associations with lipoprotein subfractions provide information on their biological nature. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1433-43. [PMID: 22156577 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse levels of lipoproteins are highly heritable and constitute risk factors for cardiovascular outcomes. Hitherto, genome-wide association studies revealed 95 lipid-associated loci. However, due to the small effect sizes of these associations large sample numbers (>100 000 samples) were needed. Here we show that analyzing more refined lipid phenotypes, namely lipoprotein subfractions, can increase the number of significantly associated loci compared with bulk high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein analysis in a study with identical sample numbers. Moreover, lipoprotein subfractions provide novel insight into the human lipid metabolism. We measured 15 lipoprotein subfractions (L1-L15) in 1791 samples using (1)H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Using cluster analyses, we quantified inter-relationships among lipoprotein subfractions. Additionally, we analyzed associations with subfractions at known lipid loci. We identified five distinct groups of subfractions: one (L1) was only marginally captured by serum lipids and therefore extends our knowledge of lipoprotein biochemistry. During a lipid-tolerance test, L1 lost its special position. In the association analysis, we found that eight loci (LIPC, CETP, PLTP, FADS1-2-3, SORT1, GCKR, APOB, APOA1) were associated with the subfractions, whereas only four loci (CETP, SORT1, GCKR, APOA1) were associated with serum lipids. For LIPC, we observed a 10-fold increase in the variance explained by our regression models. In conclusion, NMR-based fine mapping of lipoprotein subfractions provides novel information on their biological nature and strengthens the associations with genetic loci. Future clinical studies are now needed to investigate their biomedical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Petersen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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