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Fernández-Guarino M, Ortiz P, Gallardo F, Llamas-Velasco M. Clinical and Real-World Effectiveness of Mogamulizumab: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2203. [PMID: 38396877 PMCID: PMC10889597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mogamulizumab (MOG) is an antibody targeting the CCR4 receptor, authorized for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell (PTCL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Its adoption in guidelines and endorsement by FDA and EMA established it as a systemic treatment, especially for advanced disease stages due to its comparatively lower toxicity. Clinical trials and real-world evidence have underscored its efficacy in advanced CTCLs, including mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome; PTCLs; and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), showcasing positive outcomes. Notably, the drug has demonstrated significant response rates, disease stability, and extended periods of progression-free survival, suggesting its applicability in cases with multiple treatment lines. Its safety profile is generally manageable, with adverse events (AEs) primarily related to the skin, infusion-related reactions, drug eruptions, autoimmune diseases, and skin disorders. The latter seem to appear as CCR4 can promote the skin-specific homing of lymphocytes, and MOG is directed against this receptor. While combination with immunostimulatory agents like interferon alpha and interleukin 12 has shown promising results, caution is urged when combining with PD1 inhibitors due to the heightened risk of immune-mediated AEs. The introduction of MOG as a systemic treatment implies a significant advancement in managing these diseases, supported by its favorable safety profile and complementary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Fernández-Guarino
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- Dermatology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Mar Llamas-Velasco
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Wang Y, Iha H. The Novel Link between Gene Expression Profiles of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Patients' Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Ferroptosis Susceptibility. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2005. [PMID: 38002949 PMCID: PMC10671613 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death dependent on iron, has garnered attention as a potential broad-spectrum anticancer approach in leukemia research. However, there has been limited ferroptosis research on ATL, an aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by HTLV-1 infection. Our study employs bioinformatic analysis, utilizing dataset GSE33615, to identify 46 ferroptosis-related DEGs and 26 autophagy-related DEGs in ATL cells. These DEGs are associated with various cellular responses, chemical stress, and iron-related pathways. Autophagy-related DEGs are linked to autophagy, apoptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling, TNF signaling, and the insulin resistance pathway. PPI network analysis revealed 10 hub genes and related biomolecules. Moreover, we predicted crucial miRNAs, transcription factors, and potential pharmacological compounds. We also screened the top 20 medications based on upregulated DEGs. In summary, our study establishes an innovative link between ATL treatment and ferroptosis, offering promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies in ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
- Division of Pathophysiology, The Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases (RCGLID), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan
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3
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Assi R, Salman H. Harnessing the Potential of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for the Treatment of T-Cell Malignancies: A Dare or Double Dare? Cells 2022; 11:cells11243971. [PMID: 36552738 PMCID: PMC9776964 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical standard of care treatments of T-cell malignancies generally entailed the use of cytotoxic and depleting approaches. These strategies are, however, poorly validated and record dismal long-term outcomes. More recently, the introduction and approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized the therapy of B-cell malignancies. Translating this success to the T-cell compartment has so far proven hazardous, entangled by risks of fratricide, T-cell aplasia, and product contamination by malignant cells. Several strategies have been utilized to overcome these challenges. These include the targeting of a selective cognate antigen exclusive to T-cells or a subset of T-cells, disruption of target antigen expression on CAR-T constructs, use of safety switches, non-viral transduction, and the introduction of allogeneic compounds and gene editing technologies. We herein overview these historical challenges and revisit the opportunities provided as potential solutions. An in-depth understanding of the tumor microenvironment is required to optimally harness the potential of the immune system to treat T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Assi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Huda Salman
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: Huda Salman, MD, PhD, MA Director, Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Don Brown Professor of Immunotherapy, Professor of Medicine, Program Leader–Leukemia, Indiana University School of Medicine;
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Wei W, Yang D, Chen X, Liang D, Zou L, Zhao X. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for T-ALL and AML. Front Oncol 2022; 12:967754. [PMID: 36523990 PMCID: PMC9745195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.967754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-B-cell acute leukemia is a term that encompasses T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Currently, the therapeutic effectiveness of existing treatments for refractory or relapsed (R/R) non-B-cell acute leukemia is limited. In such situations, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy may be a promising approach to treat non-B-cell acute leukemia, given its promising results in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Nevertheless, fratricide, malignant contamination, T cell aplasia for T-ALL, and specific antigen selection and complex microenvironment for AML remain significant challenges in the implementation of CAR-T therapy for T-ALL and AML patients in the clinic. Therefore, designs of CAR-T cells targeting CD5 and CD7 for T-ALL and CD123, CD33, and CLL1 for AML show promising efficacy and safety profiles in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of non-B-cell acute leukemia, the development of CARs, the CAR targets, and their efficacy for treating non-B-cell acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqun Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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El Hajj H, Bazarbachi A. Interplay between innate immunity and the viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ in the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of HTLV-1 associated adult T cell leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957535. [PMID: 35935975 PMCID: PMC9352851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human T-cell Leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes an array of pathologies, the most aggressive of which is adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a fatal blood malignancy with dismal prognosis. The progression of these diseases is partly ascribed to the failure of the immune system in controlling the spread of virally infected cells. HTLV-1 infected subjects, whether asymptomatic carriers or symptomatic patients are prone to opportunistic infections. An increasing body of literature emphasizes the interplay between HTLV-1, its associated pathologies, and the pivotal role of the host innate and adoptive immune system, in shaping the progression of HTLV-1 associated diseases and their response to therapy. In this review, we will describe the modalities adopted by the malignant ATL cells to subvert the host innate immune response with emphasis on the role of the two viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ in this process. We will also provide a comprehensive overview on the function of innate immunity in the therapeutic response to chemotherapy, anti-viral or targeted therapies in the pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Ali Bazarbachi,
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Polgárová K, Otáhal P, Šálek C, Pytlík R. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Based Cellular Therapy for Treatment Of T-Cell Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:876758. [PMID: 35600381 PMCID: PMC9121778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.876758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell malignancies can be divided into precursor (T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma, T-ALL/LBL) and mature T-cell neoplasms, which are comprised of 28 different entities. Most of these malignancies are aggressive with rather poor prognosis. Prognosis of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease is especially dismal, with an expected survival only several months after progression. Targeted therapies, such as antiCD30 immunotoxin brentuximab vedotin, antiCD38 antibody daratumumab, and anti-CCR4 antibody mogamulizumab are effective only in subsets of patients with T-cell neoplasms. T-cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-Ts) are routinely used for treatment of R/R B-cell malignancies, however, there are specific obstacles for their use in T-cell leukemias and lymphomas which are fratricide killing, risk of transfection of malignant cells, and T-cell aplasia. The solution for these problems relies on target antigen selection, CRISPR/Cas9 or TALEN gene editing, posttranslational regulation of CAR-T surface antigen expression, and safety switches. Structural chromosomal changes and global changes in gene expression were observed with gene-edited products. We identified 49 studies of CAR-based therapies registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov. Most of them target CD30 or CD7 antigen. Results are available only for a minority of these studies. In general, clinical responses are above 50% but reported follow-up is very short. Specific toxicities of CAR-based therapies, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS), seem to be connected with the antigen of interest and source of cells for manufacturing. CRS is more frequent in antiCD7 CAR-T cells than in antiCD30 cells, but it is mild in most patients. More severe CRS was observed after gene-edited allogeneic CAR-T cells. Immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) was mild and infrequent. Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic CAR-T cells from previous hematopoietic stem cell donor was also observed. Most frequent toxicities, similarly to antiCD19 CAR-T cells, are cytopenias. CAR-based cellular therapy seems feasible and effective for T-cell malignancies, however, the optimal design of CAR-based products is still unknown and long-term follow-up is needed for evaluation of their true potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Polgárová
- 1st Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- 1 Department of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Otáhal
- Department of Immunotherapy, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czechia
| | - Cyril Šálek
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Clinical Department, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robert Pytlík
- 1st Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cell Therapy, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Robert Pytlík,
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7
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Adult T-Cell Leukemia: a Comprehensive Overview on Current and Promising Treatment Modalities. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:141. [PMID: 34735653 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive chemo-resistant malignancy secondary to HTLV-1 retrovirus. Prognosis of ATL remains dismal. Herein, we emphasized on the current ATL treatment modalities and their drawbacks, and opened up on promising targeted therapies with special focus on the HTLV-1 regulatory proteins Tax and HBZ. RECENT FINDINGS Indolent ATL and a fraction of acute ATL exhibit long-term survival following antiviral treatment with zidovudine and interferon-alpha. Monoclonal antibodies such as mogamulizumab improved response rates, but with little effect on survival. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation results in long-term survival in one third of transplanted patients, alas only few patients are transplanted. Salvage therapy with lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory patients leads to prolonged survival in some of them. ATL remains an unmet medical need. Targeted therapies focusing on the HTLV-1 viral replication and/or viral regulatory proteins, as well as on the host antiviral immunity, represent a promising approach for the treatment of ATL.
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8
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Safarzadeh Kozani P, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Rahbarizadeh F. CAR-T cell therapy in T-cell malignancies: Is success a low-hanging fruit? Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:527. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has been prosperous in the treatment of patients with various types of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and multiple myeloma (MM). However, this type of therapy has faced serious hindrances in combating T-cell neoplasms. R/R T-cell malignancies are generally associated with poor clinical outcomes, and the available effective treatment approaches are very limited. CAR-T therapy of T-cell malignancies has unique impediments in comparison with that of B-cell malignancies. Fratricide, T-cell aplasia, and product contamination with malignant T cells when producing autologous CAR-Ts are the most important challenges of CAR-T therapy in T-cell malignancies necessitating in-depth investigations. Herein, we highlight the preclinical and clinical efforts made for addressing these drawbacks and also review additional potent stratagems that could improve CAR-T therapy in T-cell malignancies.
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9
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Safarzadeh Kozani P, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Rahbarizadeh F. CAR-T cell therapy in T-cell malignancies: Is success a low-hanging fruit? Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:527. [PMID: 34620233 PMCID: PMC8499460 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has been prosperous in the treatment of patients with various types of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and multiple myeloma (MM). However, this type of therapy has faced serious hindrances in combating T-cell neoplasms. R/R T-cell malignancies are generally associated with poor clinical outcomes, and the available effective treatment approaches are very limited. CAR-T therapy of T-cell malignancies has unique impediments in comparison with that of B-cell malignancies. Fratricide, T-cell aplasia, and product contamination with malignant T cells when producing autologous CAR-Ts are the most important challenges of CAR-T therapy in T-cell malignancies necessitating in-depth investigations. Herein, we highlight the preclinical and clinical efforts made for addressing these drawbacks and also review additional potent stratagems that could improve CAR-T therapy in T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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El Hajj H, Tsukasaki K, Cheminant M, Bazarbachi A, Watanabe T, Hermine O. Novel Treatments of Adult T Cell Leukemia Lymphoma. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1062. [PMID: 32547515 PMCID: PMC7270167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy secondary to chronic infection with the human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) retrovirus. ATL carries a dismal prognosis. ATL classifies into four subtypes (acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering) which display different clinical features, prognosis and response to therapy, hence requiring different clinical management. Smoldering and chronic subtypes respond well to antiretroviral therapy using the combination of zidovudine (AZT) and interferon-alpha (IFN) with a significant prolongation of survival. Conversely, the watch and wait strategy or chemotherapy for these indolent subtypes allies with a poor long-term outcome. Acute ATL is associated with chemo-resistance and dismal prognosis. Lymphoma subtypes respond better to intensive chemotherapy but survival remains poor. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) results in long-term survival in roughly one third of transplanted patients but only a small percentage of patients can make it to transplant. Overall, current treatments of aggressive ATL are not satisfactory. Prognosis of refractory or relapsed patients is dismal with some encouraging results when using lenalidomide or mogamulizumab. To overcome resistance and prevent relapse, preclinical or pilot clinical studies using targeted therapies such as arsenic/IFN, monoclonal antibodies, epigenetic therapies are promising but warrant further clinical investigation. Anti-ATL vaccines including Tax peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, induced Tax-specific CTL responses in ATL patients. Finally, based on the progress in understanding the pathophysiology of ATL, and the risk-adapted treatment approaches to different ATL subtypes, treatment strategies of ATL should take into account the host immune responses and the host microenvironment including HTLV-1 infected non-malignant cells. Herein, we will provide a summary of novel treatments of ATL in vitro, in vivo, and in early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Morgane Cheminant
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Olivier Hermine
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
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11
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Moore DC, Elmes JB, Shibu PA, Larck C, Park SI. Mogamulizumab: An Anti-CC Chemokine Receptor 4 Antibody for T-Cell Lymphomas. Ann Pharmacother 2019; 54:371-379. [DOI: 10.1177/1060028019884863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, dosing, and administration of mogamulizumab for the treatment of T-cell lymphomas. Data Sources: A literature search of PubMed (1966 to September 2019) was conducted using the keywords mogamulizumab, KW-0761, and lymphoma. Data were also obtained from package inserts and meeting abstracts. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant published articles, package inserts, and unpublished meeting abstracts on mogamulizumab for the treatment of T-cell lymphomas were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Mogamulizumab is an anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) monoclonal antibody that has demonstrated activity in various T-cell lymphomas. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS) who have been treated with at least 1 prior line of therapy. Mogamulizumab demonstrated significant improvement in progression-free survival compared with vorinostat in patients with relapsed or refractory MF or SS. Serious adverse events associated with mogamulizumab include infusion-related reactions, cutaneous drug eruption, and autoimmune complications. Mogamulizumab administration in the preallogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant setting can increase the risk for severe posttransplant graft-versus-host disease. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Mogamulizumab is a first-in-class CCR4 inhibitor, providing a new option in the treatment of relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Although not currently FDA approved for this indication, mogamulizumab may have some utility for the treatment of relapsed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Conclusion: The recent approval of mogamulizumab represents an important addition to the armamentarium of pharmacotherapies for T-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chris Larck
- Atrium Health, Levine Cancer Institute, Concord, NC, USA
| | - Steven I. Park
- Atrium Health, Levine Cancer Institute, Concord, NC, USA
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12
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Remer M, White A, Glennie M, Al-Shamkhani A, Johnson P. The Use of Anti-CD40 mAb in Cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 405:165-207. [PMID: 25651948 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is at the forefront of developing cancer therapeutics with numerous targeted agents proving highly effective in selective patients at stimulating protective host immunity, capable of eradicating established tumours and leading to long-term disease-free states. The cell surface marker CD40 is expressed on a range of immune cells and transformed cells in malignant states whose signalling plays a critical role in modulating adaptive immune responses. Anti-CD40 mAb therapy acts via multiple mechanisms to stimulate anti-tumour immunity across a broad range of lymphoid and solid malignancies. A wealth of preclinical research in this field has led to the successful development of multiple anti-CD40 mAb agents that have shown promise in early-phase clinical trials. Significant progress has been made to enhance the engagement of antibodies with immune effectors through their interactions with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) by the process of Fc engineering. As more is understood about how to best optimise these agents, principally through the fine-tuning of mAb structure and choice of synergistic partnerships, our ability to generate robust, clinically beneficial anti-tumour activity will form the foundation for the next generation of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Remer
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Ann White
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin Glennie
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter Johnson
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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13
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Richmond JM, Strassner JP, Essien KI, Harris JE. T-cell positioning by chemokines in autoimmune skin diseases. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:186-204. [PMID: 30977191 PMCID: PMC6553463 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune skin diseases are complex processes in which autoreactive cells must navigate through the skin tissue to find their targets. Regulatory T cells in the skin help to mitigate autoimmune inflammation and may in fact be responsible for the patchy nature of these conditions. In this review, we will discuss chemokines that are important for global recruitment of T cell populations to the skin during disease, as well as signals that fine-tune their localization and function. We will describe prototypical disease responses and chemokine families that mediate these responses. Lastly, we will include an overview of chemokine-targeting drugs that have been tested as new treatment strategies for autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - James P Strassner
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kingsley I Essien
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - John E Harris
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Konno-Kumagai T, Fujishima F, Nakamura Y, Nakano T, Nagai T, Kamei T, Sasano H. Programmed death-1 ligands and tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in primary and lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer patients. Dis Esophagus 2019; 32:5066745. [PMID: 30085020 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is administered to many patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prior to surgery, but it is also true that some of these patients demonstrated no response to the therapy following surgery. In addition, the prognosis of advanced case such as ESCC patients with lymph node metastasis has remained relatively low. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in conjunction with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been studied as a potential mechanism of "immune escape" in several human malignancies. Therefore, in this study, we studied PD-L1 status in carcinoma cells and forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) and CD8 status among TILs in the residual tumors of primary and metastatic sites following NAC. We also studied the association of these factors with the clinicopathological findings in 44 patients with ESCC harboring lymph node metastasis. There was discordance in the pathological response to chemotherapy between the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis, and histologically identified resistance to NAC in lymph node metastases tended to be correlated with an adverse clinical outcome (P = 0.0765) than resistance in the primary tumor. Both univariate and multivariate analyses for disease-specific survival (DSS) revealed that the PD-L1 status of carcinoma cells in metastatic lymph nodes and a higher FOXP3/CD8 ratio in the primary tumor were both significantly correlated with an eventual adverse clinical outcome of the patients (P = 0.0178, P = 0.0463, respectively). These results all indicated that the PD-L1 status of carcinoma cells in metastatic lymph nodes and the FOXP3/CD8 ratio in primary tumors could predict eventual clinical outcomes in ESCC patients with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Konno-Kumagai
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - F Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Y Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - T Nakano
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - T Nagai
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - T Kamei
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - H Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital
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15
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Margolis N, Markovits E, Markel G. Reprogramming lymphocytes for the treatment of melanoma: From biology to therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:104-124. [PMID: 31276707 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This decade has introduced drastic changes in melanoma therapy, predominantly due to the materialization of the long promise of immunotherapy. Cytotoxic T cells are the chief component of the immune system, which are targeted by different strategies aimed to increase their capacity against melanoma cells. To this end, reprogramming of T cells occurs by T cell centered manipulation, targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment or altering the whole patient. These are enabled by delivery of small molecules, functional monoclonal antibodies, different subunit vaccines, as well as living lymphocytes, native or genetically engineered. Current FDA-approved therapies are focused on direct T cell manipulation, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors blocking CTLA-4 and/or PD-1, which paves the way for an effective immunotherapy backbone available for combination with other modalities. Here we review the biology and clinical developments that enable melanoma immunotherapy today and in the future.
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16
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Rasheed K, Abdulsalam I, Fismen S, Grimstad Ø, Sveinbjørnsson B, Moens U. CCL17/TARC and CCR4 expression in Merkel cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31432-31447. [PMID: 30140381 PMCID: PMC6101144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. In more than 80% of the cases, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a causal factor. The oncogenic potential of MCPyV is mediated through its viral oncoproteins, large T antigen (LT) and small t antigen (sT). To investigate the role of cytokines in MCC, a PCR array analysis for genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and receptors was performed on MCPyV-negative and MCPyV-positive MCC cell lines, respectively. We detected an increased expression of CCL17/TARC in the MCPyV-positive MKL2 cell line compared to the MCPyV-negative MCC13 cell line. Transfection studies in MCC13 cells with LT expression plasmid, and a luciferase reporter plasmid containing the CCL17/TARC promoter, exhibited stimulated promoter activity. Interestingly, the ectopic expression of CCL17/TARC upregulated MCPyV early and late promoter activities in MCC13 cells. Furthermore, recombinant CCL17/TARC activated both the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the NF-κB pathways. Finally, immunohistochemical staining on human MCC tissues showed a strong staining of CCL17/TARC and its receptor CCR4 in both LT-positive and -negative MCC. Taken together, CCL17/TARC and CCR4 may be a potential target in MCC therapy providing MCC patients with a better overall survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Rasheed
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ibrahim Abdulsalam
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Silje Fismen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Øystein Grimstad
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Alcaraz-Serna A, Somovilla-Crespo B, Muñoz-Calleja C. Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Not Just Lineage-Specific Targets. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1936. [PMID: 29387053 PMCID: PMC5776327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a widespread and necessary tool for biomedical science. In the hematological cancer field, since rituximab became the first mAb approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, a number of effective mAbs targeting lineage-specific antigens (LSAs) have been successfully developed. Non-LSAs (NLSAs) are molecules that are not restricted to specific leukocyte subsets or tissues but play relevant pathogenic roles in blood cancers including the development, proliferation, survival, and refractoriness to therapy of tumor cells. In consequence, efforts to target NLSAs have resulted in a plethora of mAbs-marketed or in development-to achieve different goals like neutralizing oncogenic pathways, blocking tumor-related chemotactic pathways, mobilizing malignant cells from tumor microenvironment to peripheral blood, modulating immune-checkpoints, or delivering cytotoxic drugs into tumor cells. Here, we extensively review several novel mAbs directed against NLSAs undergoing clinical evaluation for treating hematological malignancies. The review focuses on the structure of these antibodies, proposed mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety profile in clinical studies, and their potential applications in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alcaraz-Serna
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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19
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Zhang LL, Wei JY, Wang L, Huang SL, Chen JL. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and its oncogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1093-1103. [PMID: 28392570 PMCID: PMC5547553 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a rapidly progressing clonal malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Exploring the host-HTLV-1 interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying HTLV-1-mediated tumorigenesis is critical for developing efficient therapies against the viral infection and associated leukemia/lymphoma. It has been demonstrated to date that several HTLV-1 proteins play key roles in the cellular transformation and immortalization of infected T lymphocytes. Of note, the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax inhibits the innate IFN response through interaction with MAVS, STING and RIP1, causing the suppression of TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of IRF3/IRF7. The HTLV-1 protein HBZ disrupts genomic integrity and inhibits apoptosis and autophagy of the target cells. Furthermore, it is revealed that HBZ enhances the proliferation of ATL cells and facilitates evasion of the infected cells from immunosurveillance. These studies provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which HTLV-1 mediates the formation of cancer as well as useful strategies for the development of new therapeutic interventions against ATL. In this article, we review the recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease caused by HTLV-1 infection. In addition, we discuss the future direction for targeting HTLV-1-associated cancers and strategies against HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing-yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shi-le Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ji-long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Makita
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Ichikawa A, Miyoshi H, Arakawa F, Kiyasu J, Sato K, Niino D, Kimura Y, Yoshida M, Kawano R, Muta H, Sugita Y, Ohshima K. Detection of Tax-specific CTLs in lymph nodes of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients and its association with Foxp3 positivity of regulatory T-cell function. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4611-4618. [PMID: 28599462 PMCID: PMC5453040 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type (HTLV)-1 Tax is a viral protein that has been reported to be important in the proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) cells and to be a target of HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, it is not clear how Tax-specific CTLs behave in lymph nodes of ATLL patients. The present study analyzed the immunostaining of Tax-specific CTLs. Furthermore, ATLL tumor cells are known to be positive for forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)and to have a regulatory T (Treg)-cell-like function. The association between T-reg function and number and activity of Tax-specific CTLs was also investigated. A total of 15 ATLL lymphoma cases with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24, for which Tax has a high affinity, were selected from the files of the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University (Kurume, Japan) using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Immunostaining was performed for cluster of differentiation (CD) 20, CD3, CD4, CD8, T-cell intracellular antigen-1 and Foxp3 in paraffin sections, and for Tax, interferon γ and HLA-A24 in frozen sections. In addition, the staining of Tax-specific CTLs (HLA-A24-restricted) was analyzed by MHC Dextramer® assay in frozen sections. In addition, the messenger RNA expression of Tax and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor were also evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR. Immunohistochemical staining of Tax protein in lymphoma tissue revealed the presence of positive lymphoma cells ranging from 5 to 80%, and immunohistochemical staining of HLA-A24 revealed the presence of positive lymphoma cells ranging from 1 to 95%. The expression of Tax and HLA-A24 was downregulated by viral function. Foxp3, a marker for Treg cells, was expressed in 0-90% of cells. Several cases exhibited Tax-specific CTL (HLA-A24-restricted)-positive cells, and there was an inverse correlation between Tax-specific CTLs and Foxp3. However, neither Tax nor HLA-A24 expression was associated with CTL or Foxp3. Our study indicated the possibility that ATLL cells, which expressed Tax, target of CTL, evade the CTL-mediated immune control by expression of Foxp3 as a Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ichikawa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Fumiko Arakawa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Junichi Kiyasu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Kensaku Sato
- Biostatistics Center, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Daisuke Niino
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Yoshizo Kimura
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Riko Kawano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Hiroko Muta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugita
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830 0011, Japan
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22
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Phillips T, Devata S, Wilcox RA. Challenges and opportunities for checkpoint blockade in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:95. [PMID: 28031823 PMCID: PMC5170899 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) for which current therapeutic strategies are inadequate, as most patients afflicted with these NHL will succumb to disease progression within 2 years of diagnosis. Appreciation of the genetic and immunologic landscape of these aggressive NHL, including PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) expression by malignant T cells and within the tumor microenvironment, provides a strong rationale for therapeutic targeting this immune checkpoint. While further studies are needed, the available data suggests that responses with PD-1 checkpoint blockade alone will unlikely approach those achieved in other lymphoproliferative disorders. Herein, we review the unique challenges posed by the T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and discuss potential strategies to optimize checkpoint blockade in these T-cell derived malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycel Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Sumana Devata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4310 Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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23
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Vela M, Aris M, Llorente M, Garcia-Sanz JA, Kremer L. Chemokine receptor-specific antibodies in cancer immunotherapy: achievements and challenges. Front Immunol 2015; 6:12. [PMID: 25688243 PMCID: PMC4311683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1990s brought a burst of information regarding the structure, expression pattern, and role in leukocyte migration and adhesion of chemokines and their receptors. At that time, the FDA approved the first therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. A few years later, it was reported that the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 were involved on directing metastases to liver, lung, bone marrow, or lymph nodes, and the over-expression of CCR4, CCR6, and CCR9 by certain tumors. The possibility of inhibiting the interaction of chemokine receptors present on the surface of tumor cells with their ligands emerged as a new therapeutic approach. Therefore, many research groups and companies began to develop small molecule antagonists and specific antibodies, aiming to neutralize signaling from these receptors. Despite great expectations, so far, only one anti-chemokine receptor antibody has been approved for its clinical use, mogamulizumab, an anti-CCR4 antibody, granted in Japan to treat refractory adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma. Here, we review the main achievements obtained with anti-chemokine receptor antibodies for cancer immunotherapy, including discovery and clinical studies, proposed mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vela
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Aris
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Fundación Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Llorente
- Protein Tools Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Protein Tools Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Armour KL, Smith CS, Ip NCY, Ellison CJ, Kirton CM, Wilkes AM, Williamson LM, Clark MR. Clearance of human IgG1-sensitised red blood cells in vivo in humans relates to the in vitro properties of antibodies from alternative cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109463. [PMID: 25302805 PMCID: PMC4193810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously produced a recombinant version of the human anti-RhD antibody Fog-1 in the rat myeloma cell line, YB2/0. When human, autologous RhD-positive red blood cells (RBC) were sensitised with this IgG1 antibody and re-injected, they were cleared much more rapidly from the circulation than had been seen earlier with the original human-mouse heterohybridoma-produced Fog-1. Since the IgG have the same amino acid sequence, this disparity is likely to be due to alternative glycosylation that results from the rat and mouse cell lines. By comparing the in vitro properties of YB2/0-produced Fog-1 IgG1 and the same antibody produced in the mouse myeloma cell line NS0, we now have a unique opportunity to pinpoint the cause of the difference in ability to clear RBC in vivo. Using transfected cell lines that express single human FcγR, we showed that IgG1 made in YB2/0 and NS0 cell lines bound equally well to receptors of the FcγRI and FcγRII classes but that the YB2/0 antibody was superior in FcγRIII binding. When measuring complexed IgG binding, the difference was 45-fold for FcγRIIIa 158F, 20-fold for FcγRIIIa 158V and approximately 40-fold for FcγRIIIb. The dissimilarity was greater at 100-fold in monomeric IgG binding assays with FcγRIIIa. When used to sensitise RBC, the YB2/0 IgG1 generated 100-fold greater human NK cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and had a 103-fold advantage over the NS0 antibody in activating NK cells, as detected by CD54 levels. In assays of monocyte activation and macrophage adherence/phagocytosis, where FcγRI plays major roles, RBC sensitised with the two antibodies produced much more similar results. Thus, the alternative glycosylation profiles of the Fog-1 antibodies affect only FcγRIII binding and FcγRIII-mediated functions. Relating this to the in vivo studies confirms the importance of FcγRIII in RBC clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Armour
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Cheryl S. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha C. Y. Ip
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cara J. Ellison
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lorna M. Williamson
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Kanazawa T, Hiramatsu Y, Iwata S, Siddiquey M, Sato Y, Suzuki M, Ito Y, Goshima F, Murata T, Kimura H. Anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody mogamulizumab for the treatment of EBV-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5075-84. [PMID: 25117294 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects not only B cells but also T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (T/NK-LPD) that are refractory to conventional chemotherapies may develop. To identify a molecular-targeted therapy for EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs, we investigated whether CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) was expressed on EBV-infected T and/or NK cells and whether a humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody, mogamulizumab, was effective. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CCR4 expression was examined in various cell lines. In vitro, the effects of mogamulizumab on cell lines were evaluated in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from volunteers. In vivo, the effects of mogamulizumab were evaluated using a murine xenograft model. CCR4 expression was examined on EBV-infected cells from patients with EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs. Ex vivo, the effects of mogamulizumab were evaluated using patient lymphocytes. RESULTS CCR4 expression was confirmed in most EBV-positive T and NK cell lines. Mogamulizumab induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against CCR4-positive cell lines, and inhibited the growth of EBV-positive NK-cell lymphomas in a murine xenograft model. Furthermore, CCR4 was expressed on EBV-infected cells in 8 of 17 patients with EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs. Interestingly, CCR4 was positive in 5 of 5 patients with hydroa vacciniforme, a photodermatosis caused by the clonal expansion of EBV-infected γδT cells. EBV-positive γδT cells were obtained from a patient with hydroa vacciniforme and subjected to an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. The γδT cells that were positive for CCR4 were killed by mogamulizumab via ADCC. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that mogamulizumab may be a therapeutic option against EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kanazawa
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hiramatsu
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiko Iwata
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mohammed Siddiquey
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumi Goshima
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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26
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Hagemann UB, Gunnarsson L, Géraudie S, Scheffler U, Griep RA, Reiersen H, Duncan AR, Kiprijanov SM. Fully human antagonistic antibodies against CCR4 potently inhibit cell signaling and chemotaxis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103776. [PMID: 25080123 PMCID: PMC4117600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) represents a potentially important target for cancer immunotherapy due to its expression on tumor infiltrating immune cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs) and on tumor cells in several cancer types and its role in metastasis. METHODOLOGY Using phage display, human antibody library, affinity maturation and a cell-based antibody selection strategy, the antibody variants against human CCR4 were generated. These antibodies effectively competed with ligand binding, were able to block ligand-induced signaling and cell migration, and demonstrated efficient killing of CCR4-positive tumor cells via ADCC and phagocytosis. In a mouse model of human T-cell lymphoma, significant survival benefit was demonstrated for animals treated with the newly selected anti-CCR4 antibodies. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, successful generation of anti- G-protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) antibodies using human non-immune library and phage display on GPCR-expressing cells was demonstrated. The generated anti-CCR4 antibodies possess a dual mode of action (inhibition of ligand-induced signaling and antibody-directed tumor cell killing). The data demonstrate that the anti-tumor activity in vivo is mediated, at least in part, through Fc-receptor dependent effector mechanisms, such as ADCC and phagocytosis. Anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 antibodies inhibiting receptor signaling have potential as immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer.
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Zhou J, Xiang Y, Yoshimura T, Chen K, Gong W, Huang J, Zhou Y, Yao X, Bian X, Wang JM. The role of chemoattractant receptors in shaping the tumor microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:751392. [PMID: 25110692 PMCID: PMC4119707 DOI: 10.1155/2014/751392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemoattractant receptors are a family of seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) initially found to mediate the chemotaxis and activation of immune cells. During the past decades, the functions of these GPCRs have been discovered to not only regulate leukocyte trafficking and promote immune responses, but also play important roles in homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Accumulating evidence indicates that chemoattractant GPCRs and their ligands promote the progression of malignant tumors based on their capacity to orchestrate the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells. This facilitates the interaction of tumor cells with host cells, tumor cells with tumor cells, and host cells with host cells to provide a basis for the expansion of established tumors and development of distant metastasis. In addition, many malignant tumors of the nonhematopoietic origin express multiple chemoattractant GPCRs that increase the invasiveness and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, GPCRs and their ligands constitute targets for the development of novel antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Endoscopic Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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The role of front-line anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e214. [PMID: 24879115 PMCID: PMC4042304 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogenous group of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that are incurable in the majority of patients with current therapies. Outcomes associated with anthracycline-based therapies are suboptimal, but remain the standard of care for most patients, even though the benefits of this approach remain uncertain. This study retrospectively examined outcomes in a cohort of North American PTCL patients treated with both anthracycline- and nonanthracycline-containing regimens. The incorporation of anthracycline-containing regimens was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients treated with nonanthracycline-containing regimens were more likely to have high-risk features and were less likely to undergo high-dose therapy and stem cell transplantation. However, anthracycline use remained an independent predictor of improved PFS and OS when adjusting for these confounding variables. Anthracycline-based regimens and consolidation with high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in appropriately selected patients remains a viable option for patients unable to participate in a clinical trial. Long-term disease-free survival is not optimal, highlighting the need for an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Higashihara M. [Programs for continuing medical education: B session 7. Progress in treatment for hematologic diseases]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2014; 103:717-23. [PMID: 24796142 DOI: 10.2169/naika.103.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Drug Discovery/trends
- Education, Medical, Continuing
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/trends
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/genetics
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Shimazawa R, Ikeda M. Approval gap of pharmacogenomic biomarkers and in vitro companion diagnostics between the United States and Japan. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:210-4. [PMID: 24405254 PMCID: PMC4237189 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
What is known and objectives In vitro companion diagnostic devices (CDx) provide information on pharmacogenomic biomarkers (PGBMs) to enable the safe and effective use of targeted agents for personalized therapy. These devices require specific regulations that strike a balance between scientific evidence and financial burden. The aims were to compare approval of PGBMs and CDx in the USA and Japan and to help inform current discussions on personalized medicine. Methods We analysed published documentation from the USA and Japan for CDx and PGBMs, listed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Aspects evaluated were aim, approval state and therapeutic area. Coverage by the National Health Insurance in Japan was also investigated. Results and discussion Thirty-eight PGBMs were listed in the FDA table as of March 2013. In the USA, the aim was efficacy in 55% (21/38). The largest therapeutic area was oncology (39%, 15/38). Fifty-three per cent (20/38) of the PGBMs had a corresponding CDx approved. Of the 38 PGBMs in the FDA table, six had no approved drug in Japan; in 16 of the remaining 32 PGBMs, the aim was efficacy. The largest therapeutic area was oncology (34%, 11/32). Of the 32 PGBMs, 15 were associated with an approved and/or covered CDx, with only 11 having an approved CDx. Four PGBMs had a covered CDx without prior approval in Japan. What is new and conclusion Our study confirms that there is still a substantial gap in the approval of PGBMs and CDx between Japan and the USA. Complementary coverage of unapproved CDx by the National Health Insurance, however, is raising access to a similar level in both countries. Because the number of expensive personalized medicines and CDx is increasing, patient access will continue to be an important challenge to healthcare systems in all countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shimazawa
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kun L, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Reddy NM. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma in Advanced Stages. Semin Hematol 2014; 51:35-41. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Aberrant expression of CCR4 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Leukemia 2013; 27:2382-5. [PMID: 23612017 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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To Market, To Market—2012. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417150-3.00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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Zlotnik A, Yoshie O. The chemokine superfamily revisited. Immunity 2012; 36:705-16. [PMID: 22633458 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 820] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine superfamily consists of a large number of ligands and receptors. At first glance, this family appears redundant and their ligand-receptor relationships promiscuous, making its study challenging. However, analyzing this family from the evolutionary perspective greatly simplifies understanding both the organization and function of this apparently complex system. In particular, the functions of a subgroup of chemokines (designated homeostatic chemokines) have played pivotal roles in advancing our understanding of the organization and function of the cellular networks that shape the immune system. Here, we update the full scope of the human and mouse chemokine superfamilies and their relationships and summarize several important roles that homeostatic chemokines play in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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