1
|
Huang BB, Fawzi AA. Hypertension Likely Drives Arteriolar Wall Thickening in Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy While Diabetes Drives Wall Thickness in Clinical Retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:8. [PMID: 38874974 PMCID: PMC11182368 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Both hypertension and diabetes are known to increase the wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) of retinal arterioles, but the differential effects are unknown. Here, we study the timing and relative impact of hypertension versus diabetes on the WLR in diabetic retinopathy (DR) to address this unresolved question. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study compared the retinal arteriolar WLR in 17 healthy eyes, 15 with diabetes but no apparent DR (DM no DR), and 8 with diabetic macular edema (DME) and either nonproliferative or proliferative DR. We imaged each arteriole using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and measured the WLR using ImageJ. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was performed to estimate the effects of hypertension, diabetes, and age on the WLR. Results Both subjects with DM no DR and subjects with DME had significantly higher WLR than healthy subjects (0.36 ± 0.08 and 0.42 ± 0.08 vs. 0.29 ± 0.07, 1-way ANOVA P = 0.0009). MLR in healthy subjects and subjects with DM no DR showed hypertension had the strongest effect (regression coefficient = 0.08, P = 0.009), whereas age and diabetes were not significantly correlated with WLR. MLR in all three groups together (healthy, DM no DR, and DME) showed diabetes had the strongest effect (regression coefficient = 0.05, P = 0.02), whereas age and hypertension were not significantly correlated with WLR. Conclusions Hypertension may be an early driver of retinal arteriolar wall thickening in preclinical DR, independent of age or diabetes, whereas changes specific to DR may drive wall thickening in DME and later DR stages. Translational Relevance We offer a framework for understanding the relative contributions of hypertension and diabetes on the vascular wall, and emphasize the importance of hypertension control early in diabetes even before DR onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie B. Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amani A. Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Huang S, Wang J, Nie X, Huang L, Li T. Wogonin attenuates vascular remodeling by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in hypertensive rat. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 28:39-48. [PMID: 38154963 PMCID: PMC10762488 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2024.28.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Wogonin, extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to suppress collagen deposition in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). This study was performed to investigate the role and mechanism of wogonin underlying vascular remodeling in SHRs. After injection of SHRs with 40 mg/kg of wogonin, blood pressure in rats was measured once a week. Masson's trichrome staining was conducted to observe the changes in aortas and mesenteric arteries. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from rat thoracic aortas were treated with Angiotensin II (Ang II; 100 nM) in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of wogonin. The viability and proliferation of VSMCs were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, respectively. The migration of VSMCs was examined using wound healing assay and transwell assay. We found that wogonin administration alleviated hypertension, increased lumen diameter, and reduced the thickness of the arterial media in SHRs. Ang II treatment enhanced the viability of VSMCs, which was inhibited by wogonin in a concentration-dependent manner. Wogonin reversed Ang II-induced increases in the viability, proliferation, and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, wogonin inhibited Ang II-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in VSMCs. Overall, wogonin repressed the proliferative and migratory capacity of VSMCs by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby attenuating vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats, indicating that wogonin might be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Xiao Nie
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sapoznik KA, Gast TJ, Carmichael-Martins A, Walker BR, Warner RL, Burns SA. Retinal Arteriolar Wall Remodeling in Diabetes Captured With AOSLO. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 37962539 PMCID: PMC10653262 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.11.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) enables the visualization and measurement of the retinal microvasculature structure in humans. We investigated the hypothesis that diabetes mellitus (DM) induces remodeling to the wall structure in small retinal arterioles. These alterations may allow better understanding of vascular remodeling in DM. Methods We imaged retinal arterioles in one eye of 48 participants (26 with DM and 22 healthy controls) with an AOSLO. Structural metrics of 274 arteriole segments (203 with DM and 71 healthy controls) ≤ 50 µm in outer diameter (OD) were quantified and we compared differences in wall thickness (WT), wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), inner diameter (ID), OD, and arteriolar index ratio (AIR) between controls and participants with DM. We also compared the individual AIR (iAIR) in groups of individuals. Results The WLR, WT, and AIRs were significantly different in the arteriole segments of DM participants (P < 0.001). The iAIR was significantly deviated in the DM group (P < 0.001) and further division of the participants with DM into groups revealed that there was an effect of the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on the iAIR (P < 0.001). Conclusions DM induces remodeling of wall structure in small retinal arterioles and in groups of individuals. The use of AIR allows us to assess remodeling independently of vessel size in the retina and to compute an index for each individual subject. Translational Relevance High-resolution retinal imaging allows noninvasive assessment of small retinal vessel remodeling in DM that can improve our understanding of DM and DR in living humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A. Sapoznik
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J. Gast
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Raymond L. Warner
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng F, Ye C, Ge R, Wang Y, Tian XL, Chen Q, Li YH, Zhu GQ, Zhou B. MiR-21-3p in extracellular vesicles from vascular fibroblasts of spontaneously hypertensive rat promotes proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2023; 330:122023. [PMID: 37579834 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertension. Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulate vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). This study shows the important roles of EVs-mediated miR-21-3p transfer in VSMC proliferation and migration and underlying mechanisms in SHR. AFs and VSMCs were obtained from aorta of Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) and SHR. EVs were separated from AFs culture with ultracentrifugation method. MiR-21-3p content in the EVs of SHR was increased compared with those of WKY. MiR-21-3p mimic promoted VSMC proliferation and migration of WKY and SHR, while miR-21-3p inhibitor attenuated proliferation and migration only in the VSMCs of SHR. EVs of SHR stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration, which were attenuated by miR-21-3p inhibitor. Sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 (SORBS2) mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the VSMCs of SHR. MiR-21-3p mimic inhibited, while miR-21-3p inhibitor promoted SORBS2 expressions in the VSMCs of both WKY and SHR. EVs of SHR reduced SORBS2 expression, which was prevented by miR-21-3p inhibitor. EVs of WKY had no significant effect on SORBS2 expressions. SORBS2 overexpression attenuated the roles of miR-21-3p mimic and EVs of SHR in promoting VSMC proliferation and migration of SHR. Overexpression of miR-21-3p in vivo promotes vascular remodeling and hypertension. These results indicate that miR-21-3p in the EVs of SHR promotes VSMC proliferation and migration via negatively regulating SORBS2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Rui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Tian
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng W, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wen Y, Xie Q, Yang X, He S, Guo Z, Li J, Shen A, Peng J. Neferine ameliorates hypertensive vascular remodeling modulating multiple signaling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114203. [PMID: 36916429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neferine exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension. However, the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling remains unexplored. Therefore, the current study was to investigate the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Total 30 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided randomly into five groups, including SHR, Neferine-L (2.5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-M (5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-H (10 mg/kg/day), and Valsartan (10 mg/kg/day) groups (n = 6 for each group). Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were set as control group (n = 6). Noninvasive blood pressure system, ultrasound, hematoxylin and eosin staining, masson trichrome staining were used to detect the blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), pathological changes and collagen content in abdominal aortas of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry(IHC) analyses were used to identify and verify the differentially expressed transcripts and activation of associated signaling pathways in SHRs. RESULTS Various concentrations of neferine or valsartan treatment substantially reduced the elevation of blood pressure, PWV, and abdominal aortic thickening of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and KEGG analyses recognized 441 differentially expressed transcripts and several enriched pathways (including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways) after neferine treatment. Masson trichromatic staining and IHC analysis demonstrated that neferine treatment decreased the collagen content and down-regulated the protein expression of PCNA, collagen I & III, and fibronectin, as well as p-PI3K, p-AKT, TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 in abdominal aortic tissues of SHRs. CONCLUSION Neferine treatment exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension and reduces vascular remodeling, as well as suppresses the abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shuyu He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adrenal Venous Sampling Could Be Omitted before Surgery in Patients with Conn’s Adenoma Confirmed by Computed Tomography and Higher Normal Aldosterone Concentration after Saline Infusion Test. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071718. [PMID: 35885622 PMCID: PMC9315939 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) performed to distinguish unilateral and bilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) is invasive and poorly standardized. This study aimed to identify non-invasive characteristics that can select the patients with unilateral PA who could bypass AVS before surgery. Methods: A single-center study collected a total of 450 patients with PA. Development and validation cohorts included 242 and 208 patients. The AVS was successful in 150 and 138 patients from the cohorts, and the unilateral PA was found in 96 and 94 patients, respectively. Clinical factors independently associated with lateralized AVS in multivariable logistic regression were used to construct a unilateral PA prediction score (SCORE). Results: The proposed SCORE was calculated as a sum of the prevalence of adrenal nodule on computed tomography (2 points) and plasma/serum aldosterone concentration ≥ 165 ng/L after the saline infusion test (SIT) (1 point). Importantly, the SCORE = 3 points identified 48% of unilateral PA patients with a specificity of 100% in the development cohort. The zero rate of false-positive classifications was preserved with the same cut-off value in the validation cohort. Conclusions: AVS could be omitted before surgery in patients with typical Conn´s adenoma provided the aldosterone concentration ≥ 165 ng/L after the SIT.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanabria-de la Torre R, García-Fontana C, González-Salvatierra S, Andújar-Vera F, Martínez-Heredia L, García-Fontana B, Muñoz-Torres M. The Contribution of Wnt Signaling to Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136995. [PMID: 35805996 PMCID: PMC9266892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These vascular abnormalities result in a chronic hyperglycemic state, which influences many signaling molecular pathways that initially lead to increased oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in both types of vascular complications; it represents “mandatory damage” in the development of microvascular complications and only “introductory damage” in the development of macrovascular complications. Increasing scientific evidence has revealed an important role of the Wnt pathway in the pathophysiology of the vascular wall. It is well known that the Wnt pathway is altered in patients with T2DM. This review aims to be an update of the current literature related to the Wnt pathway molecules that are altered in patients with T2DM, which may also be the cause of damage to the vasculature. Both microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease) are analyzed. This review aims to concisely concentrate all the evidence to facilitate the view on the vascular involvement of the Wnt pathway and its components by highlighting the importance of exploring possible therapeutic strategy for patients with T2DM who develop vascular pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.)
| | - Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Heredia
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.)
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Henrion D. Modulating the immune response to reduce hypertension-associated cardiovascular damage. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158280. [PMID: 35289312 PMCID: PMC8920331 DOI: 10.1172/jci158280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Hypertension, a major risk factor for these diseases, remains difficult to treat despite numerous drugs being available. In this issue of the JCI, Failer et al. show that the endogenous antiinflammatory agent developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1) decreased blood pressure and cardiac and aortic hypertrophy in mouse models of hypertension through reduction in αvβ3 integrin–dependent metalloproteinase activity and immune cell recruitment, leading to reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines in cardiovascular tissues. This study offers an alternative in the treatment of hypertension-mediated organ damage through the immunomodulatory effect of DEL-1.
Collapse
|
9
|
Early Inactivation of Membrane Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) Recapitulates the Endothelial Dysfunction of Aged Mouse Resistance Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052862. [PMID: 35270003 PMCID: PMC8911509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of resistance arteries is essential for tissue perfusion but it decreases with ageing. As estrogen receptor alpha (Erα encoded by Esr1), and more precisely membrane ERα, plays an important role in FMD in young mice in a ligand-independent fashion, we evaluated its influence on this arteriolar function in ageing. We first confirmed that in young (6-month-old) mice, FMD of mesenteric resistance arteries was reduced in Esr1−/− (lacking ERα) and C451A-ERα (lacking membrane ERα). In old (24-month-old) mice, FMD was reduced in WT mice compared to young mice, whereas it was not further decreased in Esr1−/− and C451A-ERα mice. Markers of oxidative stress were similarly increased in old WT and C451A-ERα mice. Reduction in oxidative stress with superoxide dismutase plus catalase or Mito-tempo, which reduces mitochondrial superoxide restored FMD to a normal control level in young C451A-ERα mice as well as in old WT mice and old C451A-ERα mice. Estradiol-mediated dilation was absent in old WT mice. We conclude that oxidative stress is a key event in the decline of FMD, and that an early defect in membrane ERα recapitulates phenotypically and functionally ageing of these resistance arteries. The loss of this function could take part in vascular ageing.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kanamitsu T, Kohagura K, Zamami R, Nakamura T, Oshiro N, Miyagi T, Nakamura K, Ohya Y. Association of urinary angiotensinogen with renal arteriolar remodeling in chronic kidney disease. J Hypertens 2022; 40:650-657. [PMID: 35102088 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) might be associated with arteriolar remodeling. The present study aimed to explore the hitherto unknown relationship between renal RAS and renal arteriolar remodeling and to elucidate whether altered renal RAS subsequently affects renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS In this retrospective study, patients with various CKDs not using RAS inhibitors who underwent renal biopsy were included in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) levels and wall/lumen ratio (WLR) were determined to evaluate renal RAS and renal arteriolar remodeling, respectively. The association between ln(UAGT) and ln(WLR) was cross-sectionally examined using a liner regression model. Furthermore, the association of ln(UAGT) with subsequent changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per year were longitudinally examined in the largest subgroup of patients who were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy. RESULTS In the overall cohort (n = 54), the median age, blood pressures, eGFR, and WLR were 37 years, 120/73 mmHg, 85 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 0.93, respectively. Ln(UAGT) was significantly and positively associated with ln(WLR) even after adjusting for classical and nonclassical clinical renal risk factors. In patients with IgA nephropathy, higher ln(UAGT) was associated with higher ln(WLR). Ln(UAGT) also tended to be associated with a greater decline in eGFR per year over a median period of 8.7 years, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION In patients with CKD, renal RAS might be associated with renal arteriolar remodeling and future decline in eGFR, independent of potential risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kanamitsu
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of the Ryukyus Okinawa Daiichi Hospital Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Favre J, Vessieres E, Guihot AL, Proux C, Grimaud L, Rivron J, Garcia MC, Réthoré L, Zahreddine R, Davezac M, Fébrissy C, Adlanmerini M, Loufrani L, Procaccio V, Foidart JM, Flouriot G, Lenfant F, Fontaine C, Arnal JF, Henrion D. Membrane estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) participates in flow-mediated dilation in a ligand-independent manner. eLife 2021; 10:68695. [PMID: 34842136 PMCID: PMC8676342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) activation by estrogens prevents atheroma through its nuclear action, whereas plasma membrane-located ERα accelerates endothelial healing. The genetic deficiency of ERα was associated with a reduction in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in one man. Here, we evaluated ex vivo the role of ERα on FMD of resistance arteries. FMD, but not agonist (acetylcholine, insulin)-mediated dilation, was reduced in male and female mice lacking ERα (Esr1-/- mice) compared to wild-type mice and was not dependent on the presence of estrogens. In C451A-ERα mice lacking membrane ERα, not in mice lacking AF2-dependent nuclear ERα actions, FMD was reduced, and restored by antioxidant treatments. Compared to wild-type mice, isolated perfused kidneys of C451A-ERα mice revealed a decreased flow-mediated nitrate production and an increased H2O2 production. Thus, endothelial membrane ERα promotes NO bioavailability through inhibition of oxidative stress and thereby participates in FMD in a ligand-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Favre
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France.,CARFI facility, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France.,CARFI facility, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Coralyne Proux
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France.,CARFI facility, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Linda Grimaud
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Jordan Rivron
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France.,CARFI facility, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Manuela Cl Garcia
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France.,CARFI facility, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Léa Réthoré
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Rana Zahreddine
- INSERM U1297, Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse III) , University Hospital (UHC) of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Morgane Davezac
- INSERM U1297, Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse III) , University Hospital (UHC) of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Chanaelle Fébrissy
- INSERM U1297, Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse III) , University Hospital (UHC) of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- INSERM U1297, Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse III) , University Hospital (UHC) of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France.,University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France.,University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Foidart
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- INSERM U1085, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM U1297, Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse III) , University Hospital (UHC) of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- INSERM U1297, Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse III) , University Hospital (UHC) of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1297, Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse III) , University Hospital (UHC) of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, France.,CARFI facility, Angers University, Angers, France.,University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ye C, Tong Y, Wu N, Wan GW, Zheng F, Chen JY, Lei JZ, Zhou H, Chen AD, Wang JJ, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. Inhibition of miR-135a-5p attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1798-1807. [PMID: 33589794 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) greatly contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertension. This study is to determine the roles and mechanisms of miR-135a-5p intervention in attenuating VSMC proliferation and vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). MiR-135a-5p level was raised, while fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) mRNA and protein expressions were reduced in VSMCs of SHRs compared with those of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs). Enhanced VSMC proliferation in SHRs was inhibited by miR-135a-5p knockdown or miR-135a-5p inhibitor, but exacerbated by miR-135a-5p mimic. VSMCs of SHRs showed reduced myofilaments, increased or even damaged mitochondria, increased and dilated endoplasmic reticulum, which were attenuated by miR-135a-5p inhibitor. Dual-luciferase reporter assay shows that FNDC5 was a target gene of miR-135a-5p. Knockdown or inhibition of miR-135a-5p prevented the FNDC5 downregulation in VSMCs of SHRs, while miR-135a-5p mimic inhibited FNDC5 expressions in VSMCs of both WKYs and SHRs. FNDC5 knockdown had no significant effects on VSMC proliferation of WKYs, but aggravated VSMC proliferation of SHRs. Exogenous FNDC5 or FNDC5 overexpression attenuated VSMC proliferation of SHRs, and prevented miR-135a-5p mimic-induced enhancement of VSMC proliferation of SHR. MiR-135a-5p knockdown in SHRs attenuated hypertension, normalized FNDC5 expressions and inhibited vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and alleviated vascular remodeling. These results indicate that miR-135a-5p promotes while FNDC5 inhibits VSMC proliferation in SHRs. Silencing of miR-135a-5p attenuates VSMC proliferation and vascular remodeling in SHRs via disinhibition of FNDC5 transcription. Either inhibition of miR-135a-5p or upregulation of FNDC5 may be a therapeutically strategy in attenuating vascular remodeling and hypertension.
Collapse
|
13
|
Evans LE, Taylor JL, Smith CJ, Pritchard HAT, Greenstein AS, Allan SM. Cardiovascular co-morbidities, inflammation and cerebral small vessel disease. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2575-2588. [PMID: 34499123 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment and affects all levels of the brain's vasculature. Features include diverse structural and functional changes affecting small arteries and capillaries that lead to a decline in cerebral perfusion. Due to an aging population, incidence of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is continually rising. Despite its prevalence and its ability to cause multiple debilitating illnesses, such as stroke and dementia, there are currently no therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cSVD. In the healthy brain, interactions between neuronal, vascular and inflammatory cells are required for normal functioning. When these interactions are disturbed, chronic pathological inflammation can ensue. The interplay between cSVD and inflammation has attracted much recent interest and this review discusses chronic cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, and explores how the associated inflammation may impact on the structure and function of the small arteries of the brain in cSVD. Molecular approaches in animal studies are linked to clinical outcomes in patients and novel hypotheses regarding inflammation and cSVD are proposed that will hopefully stimulate further discussion and study in this important area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lowri E Evans
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jade L Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig J Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC)
| | - Harry A T Pritchard
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam S Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Finger constrictor and thermoperceptual responsiveness to localised cooling following 5 weeks of intermittent regional exposures to moderately augmented transmural vascular pressure. Microvasc Res 2021; 137:104181. [PMID: 34015276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of prolonged intermittent exposures to moderately increased transmural pressure on finger vasoreactivity and thermoperception to localised cooling. METHODS Eleven men completed a 5-week regimen (3 sessions·week-1; 55 min·session-1), during which the vasculature in one arm (EXP) was exposed intermittently (10-min exposure: 5-min pause) to increased transmural pressure (from +65 mmHg week-1 to +105 mmHg week-5). Before and after the regimen, finger cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC), temperature (Tavg), and thermoperception (thermal sensation, discomfort and pain) were monitored during a 30-min hand cold (8 °C water) provocation trial. The responses of the non-trained hand were examined during an additional cold trial. RESULTS After the regimen, baseline finger CVC and Tavg were higher in both hands (p ≤ 0.01). During cooling, neither finger CVC nor Tavg were modified (p > 0.05). Yet the magnitude of the cold-induced drop of CVC was augmented in both hands, and to a similar extent (p ≤ 0.02). The regimen alleviated thermal pain in both hands (p ≤ 0.02); the sensation of coldness and thermal discomfort were attenuated mainly in the EXP hand (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Present findings indicate that iterative local exposures to augmented intravascular pressure do not alter finger vasoreactivity to localised cooling. The pressure training, however, might impair finger basal vasomotor tone, and aggravate the magnitude of constrictor responsiveness to cooling. The pressure training also elicits thermoperceptual desensitisation to noxious thermal stimulus. To large extent, these vascular and perceptual adjustments seem to be transferred to the cutaneous vasculature of the non-trained limb.
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu T, Jia J, Xu N, Ye C, Zheng F, Yuan Y, Zhu GQ, Zhan YY. Apelin receptor upregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rat contributes to the enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by activating autophagy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:627. [PMID: 33987325 PMCID: PMC8106044 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a vital role in the progression of vascular remodeling and hypertension. Apelin-13 promotes VSMC proliferation of normal rats. This study was designed to investigate the roles of apelin receptor (APJ) and apelin-13 in VSMC proliferation of hypertension rats and underlying mechanisms. Methods Primary VSMCs were obtained from aorta of Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The expressions of apelin and APJ were detected by Western bolt and PCR, as well as immunohistochemistry. VSMC proliferation was evaluated with CCK-8 kit, PCNA protein expression and percentage of EdU-positive cells. Autophagy was determined by the ratio of LC3BII to LC3BI, ATG5 and p62 protein expressions, as well as LC3B immunofluorescence. Results APJ expression was increased while apelin expression was reduced in aorta and VSMCs of SHR compared with those of WKY. Exogenous apelin-13 promoted VSMC proliferation and autophagy of both WKY and SHR, which were prevented by APJ antagonist F13A. Blockade of APJ had no significant effects on VSMC proliferation and autophagy of WKY, but attenuated VSMC proliferation and autophagy of SHR. Administration of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) not only attenuated VSMC proliferation of SHR, but prevented apelin-13-induced VSMC proliferation of both WKY and SHR. Conclusions Apelin-13 stimulates VSMC proliferation via APJ-mediated enhancement in autophagy. APJ upregulation in SHR contributes to the enhanced VSMC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Jia
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jung S, Kolwelter J, Bosch A, Cífková R, Harazny JM, Ott C, Achenbach S, Schmieder RE. Hypertrophic remodelling of retinal arterioles in patients with congestive heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1892-1900. [PMID: 33787089 PMCID: PMC8120369 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Analysis of microvascular parameters in the retinal circulation-known to reflect those in the systemic circulation-allows us to differentiate between eutrophic and hypertrophic remodelling of small arteries. This study aimed to examine microvascular changes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduced as well as mid-range ejection fraction. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty subjects with CHF underwent measurement of retinal capillary flow (RCF), wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), vessel and lumen diameter, wall thickness, and wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) of retinal arterioles of the right eye by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF). Applying a matched pair approach, we compared this group with reference values of age-matched controls from a random sample in the population of Pilsen, Czech Republic. There was no significant difference in RCF and WLR between the groups (RCF: P = 0.513; WLR: P = 0.106). In contrast, wall thickness and WCSA, indicators of hypertrophic remodelling, were higher in CHF subjects (WT: 15.0 ± 4.2 vs. 12.7 ± 4.2 μm, P = 0.021; WCSA: 4437.6 ± 1314.5 vs. 3615.9 ± 1567.8 μm2 , P = 0.014). Similarly, vessel (109.4 ± 11.1 vs. 100.5 ± 14.4 μm, P = 0.002) and lumen diameter (79.0 ± 7.9 vs. 75.2 ± 8.5 μm, P = 0.009) were increased in CHF. CONCLUSIONS In CHF subjects, we observed hypertrophic remodelling of retinal arterioles indicative of similar changes of small resistance arteries in the systemic circulation. Microvascular structure and function assessed by SLDF may thereby represent a useful, non-invasive method for monitoring of microvascular damage in patients with CHF and may offer innovative treatment targets for new CHF therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jung
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julie Kolwelter
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bosch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Renata Cífková
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Medicine II, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna M Harazny
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Paracelsus Medical School, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao C, Huang K, Shen R, Chen Q, Tian Z, Xia Z, Lin X, Wu G, Chen Z. Insulin product decreases risk of varicose vein: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. VASCULAR INVESTIGATION AND THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2589-9686.323983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
18
|
Chehaitly A, Vessieres E, Guihot AL, Henrion D. Flow-mediated outward arterial remodeling in aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 194:111416. [PMID: 33333130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the effect of aging on flow-mediated outward remodeling (FMR) via alterations in estrogen metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. In ischemic disorders, the ability of the vasculature to adapt or remodel determines the quality of the recovery. FMR, which has a key role in revascularization, is a complex phenomenon that recruits endothelial and smooth muscle cells as well as the immune system. FMR becomes progressively less with age as a result of an increase in inflammation and oxidative stress, in part of mitochondrial origin. The alteration in FMR is greater in older individuals with risk factors and thus the therapy cannot merely amount to exercise with or without a mild vasodilating drug. Interestingly, the reduction in FMR occurs later in females. Estrogen and its alpha receptor (ERα) play a key role in FMR through the control of dilatory pathways including the angiotensin II type 2 receptor, thus providing possible tools to activate FMR in older subjects although only experimental data is available. Indeed, the main issue is the reversibility of the vascular damage induced over time, and to date promoting prevention and limiting exposure to the risk factors remain the best options in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Chehaitly
- MITOVASC Laboratory and CARFI Facility, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- MITOVASC Laboratory and CARFI Facility, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC Laboratory and CARFI Facility, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Laboratory and CARFI Facility, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, University of Angers, Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Masi S, Georgiopoulos G, Chiriacò M, Grassi G, Seravalle G, Savoia C, Volpe M, Taddei S, Rizzoni D, Virdis A. The importance of endothelial dysfunction in resistance artery remodelling and cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:429-437. [PMID: 31220219 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between resistance artery remodelling and endothelial function remains unknown. In this study, we assessed (i) the capacity of endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) availability to provide more information on the severity of resistance artery remodelling than common cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at low or high cardiovascular risk; and (ii) differences between patterns of resistance artery remodelling associated with deficit of NO availability and with exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS All analyses were conducted on the microvascular data set of the Italian Society for Arterial Hypertension (SIIA) that includes 356 patients with measures of small resistance arteries remodelling acquired with pressure or wire myography. Information on endothelial function and NO availability were also available in 116 patients. The European Heart Score (HS) was used to define the total cardiovascular risk of each patient. Endothelial function was inversely related with the severity of the resistance artery remodelling, and this association remained significant after adjustment for the HS. By contrast, the HS lost its significant association with the media-to-lumen (M/L) ratio and the media cross-sectional area after adjustment for endothelial function. The strength of these associations was similar in subjects at high and low cardiovascular risk. The addition of endothelial function and NO availability to the HS significantly improved the identification of subjects at more and less severe resistance artery remodelling. A severe deficit of NO availability was associated with hypertrophic remodelling, while a higher HS was more clearly associated with eutrophic remodelling. CONCLUSION Resistance artery endothelial function and NO availability might represent important factors involved in resistance artery remodelling, independently from cardiovascular risk factor exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Unit of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto san Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Gino Seravalle
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Luca, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Savoia
- Cardiology Division, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Cardiology Division, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed - Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Division of Medicine, Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Non-invasive evaluation of retinal vascular remodeling and hypertrophy in humans: intricate effect of ageing, blood pressure and glycaemia. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 110:959-970. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
21
|
Casanova F, Gooding KM, Shore AC, Adingupu DD, Mawson D, Ball C, Anning C, Aizawa K, Gates PE, Strain WD. Weight change and sulfonylurea therapy are related to 3 year change in microvascular function in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1268-1278. [PMID: 32185461 PMCID: PMC7228909 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Although cardiovascular disease is the biggest cause of death in people with diabetes, microvascular complications have a significant impact on quality of life and financial burden of the disease. Little is known about the progression of microvascular dysfunction in the early stages of type 2 diabetes before the occurrence of clinically apparent complications. We aimed to explore the determinants of endothelial-dependent and -independent microvascular function progression over a 3 year period, in people with and without both diabetes and few clinical microvascular complications. METHODS Demographics were collected in 154 participants with type 2 diabetes and in a further 99 participants without type 2 diabetes. Skin microvascular endothelium-dependent response to iontophoresis of acetylcholine and endothelium-independent responses to sodium nitroprusside were measured using laser Doppler fluximetry. All assessments were repeated 3 years later. RESULTS People with type 2 diabetes had impaired endothelial-dependent microvascular response compared with those without (AUC 93.9 [95% CI 88.1, 99.4] vs 111.9 [102.3, 121.4] arbitrary units [AU] × min, p < 0.001, for those with vs without diabetes, respectively). Similarly, endothelial-independent responses were attenuated in those with diabetes (63.2 [59.2, 67.2] vs 75.1 [67.8, 82.4] AU × min, respectively, p = 0.002). Mean microvascular function declined over 3 years in both groups to a similar degree (pinteraction 0.74 for response to acetylcholine and 0.69 for response to sodium nitroprusside). In those with diabetes, use of sulfonylurea was associated with greater decline (p = 0.022 after adjustment for co-prescriptions, change in HbA1c and weight), whereas improving glycaemic control was associated with less decline of endothelial-dependent microvascular function (p = 0.03). Otherwise, the determinants of microvascular decline were similar in those with and without diabetes. The principal determinant of change in microvascular function in the whole population was weight change over 3 years, such that those that lost ≥5% weight had very little decline in either endothelial-dependent or -independent function compared with those that were weight stable, whereas those who gained weight had a greater decline in function (change in endothelial-dependent function was 1.2 [95% CI -13.2, 15.7] AU × min in those who lost weight; -15.8 [-10.5, -21.0] AU × min in those with stable weight; and -37.8 [-19.4, -56.2] AU × min in those with weight gain; ptrend < 0.001). This association of weight change with change in endothelial function was driven by people with diabetes; in people without diabetes, the relationship was nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Over 3 years, physiological change in weight was the greatest predictor of change in microvascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Casanova
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - Kim M Gooding
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - Damilola D Adingupu
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - David Mawson
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust and University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Claire Ball
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust and University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Christine Anning
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust and University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Kunihiko Aizawa
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - Philip E Gates
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - W David Strain
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ren XS, Tong Y, Qiu Y, Ye C, Wu N, Xiong XQ, Wang JJ, Han Y, Zhou YB, Zhang F, Sun HJ, Gao XY, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. MiR155-5p in adventitial fibroblasts-derived extracellular vesicles inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via suppressing angiotensin-converting enzyme expression. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 9:1698795. [PMID: 31839907 PMCID: PMC6896498 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1698795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays crucial roles in vascular remodelling and stiffening in hypertension. Vascular adventitial fibroblasts are a key regulator of vascular wall function and structure. This study is designed to investigate the roles of adventitial fibroblasts-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in VSMC proliferation and vascular remodelling in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), an animal model of human essential hypertension. EVs were isolated from aortic adventitial fibroblasts of WKY (WKY-EVs) and SHR (SHR-EVs). Compared with WKY-EVs, miR155-5p content was reduced, while angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) content was increased in SHR-EVs. WKY-EVs inhibited VSMC proliferation of SHR, which was prevented by miR155-5p inhibitor. SHR-EVs promoted VSMC proliferation of both strains, which was enhanced by miR155-5p inhibitor, but abolished by captopril or losartan. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that ACE was a target gene of miR155-5p. MiR155-5p mimic or overexpression inhibited VSMC proliferation and ACE upregulation of SHR. WKY-EVs reduced ACE mRNA and protein expressions while SHR-EVs only increased ACE protein level in VSMCs of both strains. However, the SHR-EVs-derived from the ACE knockdown-treated adventitial fibroblasts lost the roles in promoting VSMC proliferation and ACE upregulation. Systemic miR155-5p overexpression reduced vascular ACE, angiotensin II and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels, and attenuated hypertension and vascular remodelling in SHR. Repetitive intravenous injection of SHR-EVs increased blood pressure and vascular ACE contents, and promoted vascular remodelling in both strains, while WKY-EVs reduced vascular ACE contents and attenuated hypertension and vascular remodelling in SHR. We concluded that WKY-EVs-mediated miR155-5p transfer attenuates VSMC proliferation and vascular remodelling in SHR via suppressing ACE expression, while SHR-EVs-mediated ACE transfer promotes VSMC proliferation and vascular remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Sheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brown IAM, Diederich L, Good ME, DeLalio LJ, Murphy SA, Cortese-Krott MM, Hall JL, Le TH, Isakson BE. Vascular Smooth Muscle Remodeling in Conductive and Resistance Arteries in Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:1969-1985. [PMID: 30354262 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and accounts for >17.3 million deaths per year, with an estimated increase in incidence to 23.6 million by 2030. 1 Cardiovascular death represents 31% of all global deaths 2 -with stroke, heart attack, and ruptured aneurysms predominantly contributing to these high mortality rates. A key risk factor for cardiovascular disease is hypertension. Although treatment or reduction in hypertension can prevent the onset of cardiovascular events, existing therapies are only partially effective. A key pathological hallmark of hypertension is increased peripheral vascular resistance because of structural and functional changes in large (conductive) and small (resistance) arteries. In this review, we discuss the clinical implications of vascular remodeling, compare the differences between vascular smooth muscle cell remodeling in conductive and resistance arteries, discuss the genetic factors associated with vascular smooth muscle cell function in hypertensive patients, and provide a prospective assessment of current and future research and pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isola A M Brown
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.)
| | - Lukas Diederich
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany (L.D., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Miranda E Good
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.)
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.).,Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.)
| | - Sara A Murphy
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.)
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany (L.D., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Jennifer L Hall
- Lillehei Heart Institute (J.L.H.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.L.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (J.L.H.)
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (T.H.L.)
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.).,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu K, Liu C, Zhang Z. lncRNA GAS5 acts as a ceRNA for miR‐21 in suppressing PDGF‐bb‐induced proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15233-15240. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Xiangnan University Chenzhou P.R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Xiangnan University Chenzhou P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kopp W. Diet-Induced Hyperinsulinemia as a Key Factor in the Etiology of Both Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Essential Hypertension? Nutr Metab Insights 2018; 11:1178638818773072. [PMID: 30455570 PMCID: PMC6238249 DOI: 10.1177/1178638818773072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertension are common age-related comorbidities. Although the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is still largely unresolved and poorly understood, a significant age-independent association was found between BPH and hypertension, indicating a common pathophysiological factor for both diseases. It has previously been suggested that the development of essential hypertension may be related to diet-induced hyperinsulinemia. This study follows the question, whether BPH may develop due to the same mechanism, thereby explaining the well-known comorbidity of these 2 disorders. The scientific evidence presented shows that BPH and hypertension share the same pathophysiological changes, with hyperinsulinemia as the driving force. It further shows that significant dietary changes during human history cause disruption of a finely tuned metabolic balance that has evolved over millions of years of evolution: high-insulinemic food, typical of current “Western” diets, has the potential to cause hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as an abnormally increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, alterations that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of BPH and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kopp
- Former head of the Diagnostikzentrum Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet a significant proportion of the disease burden cannot be accounted for by conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension occurs in majority of people with T2DM, which is substantially more frequent than would be anticipated based on general population samples. The impact of hypertension is considerably higher in people with diabetes than it is in the general population, suggesting either an increased sensitivity to its effect or a confounding underlying aetiopathogenic mechanism of hypertension associated with CVD within diabetes. In this contribution, we aim to review the changes observed in the vascular tree in people with T2DM compared to the general population, the effects of established anti-diabetes drugs on microvascular outcomes, and explore the hypotheses to account for common causalities of the increased prevalence of CVD and hypertension in people with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W David Strain
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bosch A, Scheppach JB, Harazny JM, Raff U, Eckardt KU, Schmieder RE, Schneider MP. Retinal capillary and arteriolar changes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Microvasc Res 2018; 118:121-127. [PMID: 29559377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Premature cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In animal models CKD has been shown to cause renal and extrarenal vascular remodeling and capillary rarefaction, but data in humans with CKD are sparse. Retinal arteriolar wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) is an established marker of early end-organ damage and there is evidence that arteriolar and capillary changes in the retinal circulation mirror those in the general and in particular the cerebrovascular microcirculation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare retinal capillary density and arteriolar structure between patients with CKD and healthy individuals. METHODS We compared 76 patients with CKD stage 3+ or proteinuria >500 mg/g creatinine in the presence of a normal GFR from the German Chronic Kidney Disease cohort to 53 healthy control subjects, who participated in clinical trials during 2007 and 2015 in our Clinical Research Center. Retinal vascular parameters were measured non-invasively in vivo by scanning laser Doppler Flowmetry (SLDF, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Capillary rarefaction was assessed by intercapillary distance. RESULTS Patients with CKD showed greater WLR (0.403 ± 0.11 vs 0.351 ± 0.11, p = 0.010) and greater wall thickness (WT) (15.1 ± 4.1 vs 13.5 ± 3.8, p = 0.026) compared to healthy individuals. Intercapillary distance (ICD) (22.4 ± 5.7 vs 20.2 ± 4.1, p = 0.008) was greater in the CKD group compared to the healthy control group. After adjustment for differences in clinical characteristics of the groups (age, gender, BMI, serum cholesterol) WLR (p = 0.046), WT (p = 0.025) and ICD (p = 0.003) remained significantly different between the two groups. There was a correlation between serum phosphate level and WLR in the CKD group (r = 0.288, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Patients with moderately severe CKD show retinal signs of end-organ damage indicated by an increased wall-to-lumen ratio and capillary rarefaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bosch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes B Scheppach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Joanna M Harazny
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ulrike Raff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Markus P Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jumar A, Ott C, Kistner I, Friedrich S, Michelson G, Harazny JM, Schmieder RE. Early Signs of End-Organ Damage in Retinal Arterioles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Compared to Hypertensive Patients. Microcirculation 2018; 23:447-55. [PMID: 27270643 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eutrophic and hypertrophic remodeling are major vascular hallmarks for hypertension and diabetes-associated microvascular end-organ damage in peripheral arterioles. The aim of this study is to compare retinal arterioles of diabetic, hypertensive, and healthy individuals. METHODS Retinal parameters were assessed in 99 patients with T2DM, 158 hypertensive, and 149 healthy individuals. WT and CA of retinal arterioles (80-140 μm) were measured noninvasively and in vivo by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). RESULTS After adjustment for values differing between the groups (age, BMI, gender, HDL cholesterol and serum creatinine, systolic office BP), patients with T2DM showed no significant difference in WT (14.2 ± 3), and CA (4199 ± 1107) in comparison with hypertensive patients (WT = 13.3 ± 4, p = 0.18, CA = 3862 ± 1546, p = 0.10) and healthy individuals (WT = 13.1 ± 3, p = 0.55, CA = 3864 ± 1216, p = 0.86). However, the subgroup of patients with diabetes duration of more than 60 months showed greater WT (14.9 ± 4, p = 0.04) and CA (4557 ± 1137, p = 0.02) than the hypertensive group and greater WT (p = 0.04) and CA (p = 0.03) than the healthy group, which is consistent with hypertrophic remodeling. CONCLUSION In the early stage of T2DM no hypertrophic remodeling was seen in retinal arterioles. However, hypertrophic remodeling was found in diabetic patients with more than 60 months duration of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Jumar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Kistner
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Friedrich
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Michelson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joanna M Harazny
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun HJ, Ren XS, Xiong XQ, Chen YZ, Zhao MX, Wang JJ, Zhou YB, Han Y, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation in hypertension. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3074. [PMID: 28981106 PMCID: PMC5680591 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a powerful mediator of inflammatory response via caspase-1 activation. The present study was designed to determine the roles and mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in phenotypic modulation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in hypertension. Experiments were conducted in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and primary aortic VSMCs. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was observed in the media of aorta in SHR and in the VSMCs from SHR. Knockdown of NLRP3 inhibited inflammasome activation, VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation in SHR-derived VSMCs. Increased NFκB activation, histone acetylation and histone acetyltransferase expression were observed in SHR-derived VSMCs and in media of aorta in SHR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed the increased histone acetylation, p65-NFκB and Pol II occupancy at the NLRP3 promoter in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of NFκB with BAY11-7082 or inhibition of histone acetyltransferase with curcumin prevented the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, VSMC phenotype switching and proliferation in VSMCs from SHR. Moreover, curcumin repressed NFκB activation. Silencing of NLRP3 gene ameliorated hypertension, vascular remodeling, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and phenotype switching in the aorta of SHR. These results indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation response to histone acetylation and NFκB activation contributes to VSMC phenotype switching and proliferation and vascular remodeling in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Ren
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Silencing salusin-β attenuates cardiovascular remodeling and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43259. [PMID: 28230187 PMCID: PMC5322393 DOI: 10.1038/srep43259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salusin-β is a bioactive peptide involved in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, vascular fibrosis and hypertension. The present study was designed to determine the effects of silencing salusin-β on hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Thirteen-week-old male SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to intravenous injection of PBS, adenoviral vectors encoding salusin-β shRNA (Ad-Sal-shRNA) or a scramble shRNA. Salusin-β levels in plasma, myocardium and mesenteric artery were increased in SHR. Silencing salusin-β had no significant effect on blood pressure in WKY, but reduced blood pressure in SHR. It reduced the ratio of left ventricle weight to body weight, cross-sectional areas of cardiocytes and perivascular fibrosis, and decreased the media thickness and the media/lumen ratio of arteries in SHR. Silencing salusin-β almost normalized plasma norepinephrine and angiotensin II levels in SHR. It prevented the upregulation of angiotensin II and AT1 receptors, and reduced the NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion levels in myocardium and mesenteric artery of SHR. Knockdown of salusin-β attenuated cell proliferation and fibrosis in vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR. These results indicate that silencing salusin-β attenuates hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in SHR.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bruno RM, Duranti E, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Bernardini N, Di Candio G, Chiarugi M, Taddei S, Virdis A. Different Impact of Essential Hypertension on Structural and Functional Age-Related Vascular Changes. Hypertension 2017; 69:71-78. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether vascular remodeling is present in physiological aging and whether hypertension accelerates the aging process for vascular function and structure. Small arteries from 42 essential hypertensive patients (HT) and 41 normotensive individuals (NT) were dissected after subcutaneous biopsy. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation (pressurized myograph) was assessed by acetylcholine, repeated under the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
N
-nitro-
l
-arginine methylester or the antioxidant tempol. Structure was evaluated by media–lumen ratio (M/L). Intravascular oxidative generation and collagen deposition were assessed. Inhibition by
N
-nitro-
l
-arginine methylester on ACh was inversely related to age in both groups (
P
<0.0001) and blunted in HT versus NT for each age range. In NT, tempol enhanced endothelial function in the oldest subgroup; in HT, the potentiating effect started earlier. HT showed an increased M/L (
P
<0.001) versus control. In both groups, M/L was directly related to age (
P
<0.0001). M/L was greater in HT, starting from 31 to 45 years range. A significant age–hypertension interaction occurred (
P
=0.0009). In NT, intravascular superoxide emerged in the oldest subgroup, whereas it appeared earlier among HT. Among NT, aged group displayed an increment of collagen fibers versus young group. In HT, collagen deposition was already evident in youngest, with a further enhancement in the aged group. In small arteries, ageing shows a eutrophic vascular remodeling and a reduced nitric oxide availability. Oxidative stress and fibrosis emerge in advanced age. In HT, nitric oxide availability is early reduced, but the progression rate with age is similar. Structural alterations include wide collagen deposition and intravascular reactive oxygen species, and the progression rate with age is steeper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Bruno
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Emiliano Duranti
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Di Candio
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Chiarugi
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- From the Histology Unit (C.I., C.S., N.B.), Internal Medicine Unit (R.M.B., E.D., S.T., A.V.) of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Emergency Surgery Unit (M.C.) of Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, and General Surgery Unit (G.D.C.) of Department of Oncology Transplantation and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abuderman A, Abbas M. Morphological changes evaluation of left atrial appendage in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Biomed J 2016; 39:277-282. [PMID: 27793270 PMCID: PMC6139875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the majority of morphological changes evaluation of myocardium in ischaemic heart disease was in animal model, we detected the importance to evaluate such changes in human patients to gain insights into the targets of cellular damage and to reconcile or refine those experiments. METHODS Tissue sections from left atrial appendage of the heart were carefully dissected from seventy five patients underwent conventional coronary artery bypass grafting at the cardiothoracic surgical department, Manchester Royal Infirmary. Tissue was fixed, sectioned, stained and six random sections were photographed and the images were assessed and quantified using Image Analyser Pro-Plus software, version 4.1. Arterioles, venules, intermediate sized vessels, and capillaries were directly counted within the highlighted area of myocardium under LM. Ultra-thin sections were imaged in a Tecnai 12 Biotwin transmission electron microscope at a magnification of ×4200 and photographed by a camera with a black and white film to quantify different structures of myocardium. RESULTS The arteriole wall to lumen ratio was significantly increased in ischaemic heart disease patients 18.57 ± 2.89 compared to controls 8.3 ± 1.57, (P < 0.01). The regression analysis between vascular density and cardiomyocyte size demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between transverse cardiomyocyte diameter and arteriole, capillary and total vessel density (P < 0.01, 0.04, 0.02), respectively. Lumen area of the distal myocardial capillary was significantly reduced in IHD patients compared to controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results elucidate the morphological changes in the myocardial microvasculature of patients with ischaemic heart disease and its pathological magnitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Abuderman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Al-Farabi College of Medicine, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Allied Health Division, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Virdis A, Gesi M, Taddei S. Impact of apocynin on vascular disease in hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:1-5. [PMID: 27569106 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by cell metabolism of oxygen and represent signaling molecules playing an active role in vascular biology. In pathological conditions, including hypertension, a ROS excess, together with reduced endogenous antioxidant defenses, occurs, determining a state of oxidative stress. NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) is a major ROS source within the vasculature. A large body of literature has demonstrated that hypertension-associated vascular functional and structural changes are attributable to Nox-driven intravascular ROS generation. Apocynin is a methoxy-catechol discovered as an inhibitor of superoxide. It has been utilized in several laboratories and in different models of hypertension as an inhibitor of Nox. Recent evidence proposes that apocynin predominantly acts as an antioxidant. The present review will discuss the role of ROS in vascular disease in hypertension and the impact of apocynin on these vascular changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Purpose of review Extensive data indicate a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling in vascular damage in hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear, but oxidative post-translational modification of vascular proteins is critical. This review discusses how proteins are oxidatively modified and how redox signaling influences vascular smooth muscle cell growth and vascular remodeling in hypertension. We also highlight Nox5 as a novel vascular ROS-generating oxidase. Recent findings Oxidative stress in hypertension leads to oxidative imbalance that affects vascular cell function through redox signaling. Many Nox isoforms produce ROS in the vascular wall, and recent findings show that Nox5 may be important in humans. ROS regulate signaling by numerous processes including cysteine oxidative post-translational modification such as S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation and sulfydration. In vascular smooth muscle cells, this influences cellular responses to oxidative stimuli promoting changes from a contractile to a proliferative phenotype. Summary In hypertension, Nox-induced ROS production is increased, leading to perturbed redox signaling through oxidative modifications of vascular proteins. This influences mitogenic signaling and cell cycle regulation, leading to altered cell growth and vascular remodeling in hypertension.
Collapse
|
35
|
Petit M, Guihot AL, Grimaud L, Vessieres E, Toutain B, Menet MC, Nivet-Antoine V, Arnal JF, Loufrani L, Procaccio V, Henrion D. Resveratrol Improved Flow-Mediated Outward Arterial Remodeling in Ovariectomized Rats with Hypertrophic Effect at High Dose. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146148. [PMID: 26734763 PMCID: PMC4703409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic increases in blood flow in resistance arteries induce outward remodeling associated with increased wall thickness and endothelium-mediated dilatation. This remodeling is essential for collateral arteries growth following occlusion of a large artery. As estrogens have a major role in this remodeling, we hypothesized that resveratrol, described as possessing phytoestrogen properties, could improve remodeling in ovariectomized rats. Methods Blood flow was increased in vivo in mesenteric arteries after ligation of adjacent arteries in 3-month old ovariectomized rats treated with resveratrol (5 or 37.5 mg/kg per day: RESV5 or RESV37.5) or vehicle. After 2 weeks arterial structure and function were measured in vitro in high flow (HF) and normal flow (NF) arteries isolated from each rat. Results Arterial diameter was greater in HF than in NF arteries in ovariectomized rats treated with RESV5 or RESV37.5, not in vehicle-treated rats. In mice lacking estrogen receptor alpha diameter was equivalent in HF and NF arteries whereas in mice treated with RESV5 diameter was greater in HF than in NF vessels. A compensatory increase in wall thickness and a greater phenylephrine-mediated contraction were observed in HF arteries. This was more pronounced in HF arteries from RESV37.5-treated rats. ERK1/2 phosphorylation, involved in hypertrophy and contraction, were higher in RESV37.5-treated rats than in RESV5- and vehicle-treated rats. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was greater in HF than in NF arteries in RESV5-treated rats only. In HF arteries from RESV37.5-treated rats relaxation was increased by superoxide reduction and markers of oxidative stress (p67phox, GP91phox) were higher than in the 2 other groups. Conclusion Resveratrol improved flow-mediated outward remodeling in ovariectomized rats thus providing a potential therapeutic tool in menopause-associated ischemic disorders. This effect seems independent of the estrogen receptor alpha. Nevertheless, caution should be taken with high doses inducing excessive contractility and hypertrophy in association with oxidative stress in HF arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emilie Vessieres
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- CARFI (Cardiovascular Function In vitro) facility, Angers, France
| | | | - Marie-Claude Menet
- UMR-S1144, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France, and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Biochemistry, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Nivet-Antoine
- UMR-S1140, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France, and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Biochemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, University hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- CNRS UMR-6214, Angers, France
- INSERM UMRS-1083, Angers, France
- UMR-S1144, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France, and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Biochemistry, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- University hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- CNRS UMR-6214, Angers, France
- INSERM UMRS-1083, Angers, France
- University hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- CNRS UMR-6214, Angers, France
- INSERM UMRS-1083, Angers, France
- CARFI (Cardiovascular Function In vitro) facility, Angers, France
- University hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sun HJ, Liu TY, Zhang F, Xiong XQ, Wang JJ, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhou YB, Han Y, Gao XY, Zhu GQ. Salusin-β contributes to vascular remodeling associated with hypertension via promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1709-18. [PMID: 26001930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and vascular fibrosis are closely linked with hypertension and atherosclerosis. Salusin-β is a bioactive peptide involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, it is still largely undefined whether salusin-β is a potential candidate in the VSMC proliferation and vascular fibrosis. Experiments were carried out in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in rats with intravenous injection of lentivirus expressing salusin-β. In vitro, salusin-β promoted VSMCs proliferation, which was attenuated by adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMP, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478, ERK inhibitor U0126 or cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitor KG501. It promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, CREB and EGFR, which were abolished by SQ22536 or Rp-cAMP. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 diminished the salusin-β-evoked ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation. On the other hand, salusin-β increased collagen-I, collagen-III, fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA and phosphorylation of Smad2/3, which were prevented by ALK5 inhibitor A83-01. In vivo, salusin-β overexpression increased the media thickness, media/lumen ratio coupled with ERK1/2, CREB, EGFR and Smad2/3 phosphorylation, as well as the mRNA of collagen-I, collagen-III, fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and CTGF in arteries. Moreover, salusin-β overexpression in rats caused severe hypertension. Intravenous injection of salusin-β dose-relatedly increased blood pressure, but excessive salusin-β decreased blood pressure and heart rate. These results indicate that salusin-β promotes VSMC proliferation via cAMP-PKA-EGFR-CREB/ERK pathway and vascular fibrosis via TGF-β1-Smad pathway. Increased salusin-β contributes to vascular remodeling and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Tong-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xing-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Staiculescu MC, Foote C, Meininger GA, Martinez-Lemus LA. The role of reactive oxygen species in microvascular remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23792-835. [PMID: 25535075 PMCID: PMC4284792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microcirculation is a portion of the vascular circulatory system that consists of resistance arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules. It is the place where gases and nutrients are exchanged between blood and tissues. In addition the microcirculation is the major contributor to blood flow resistance and consequently to regulation of blood pressure. Therefore, structural remodeling of this section of the vascular tree has profound implications on cardiovascular pathophysiology. This review is focused on the role that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play on changing the structural characteristics of vessels within the microcirculation. Particular attention is given to the resistance arteries and the functional pathways that are affected by ROS in these vessels and subsequently induce vascular remodeling. The primary sources of ROS in the microcirculation are identified and the effects of ROS on other microcirculatory remodeling phenomena such as rarefaction and collateralization are briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius C Staiculescu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Christopher Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tarhouni K, Freidja ML, Guihot AL, Vessieres E, Grimaud L, Toutain B, Lenfant F, Arnal JF, Loufrani L, Henrion D. Role of estrogens and age in flow-mediated outward remodeling of rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H504-14. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00986.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In resistance arteries, a chronic increase in blood flow induces hypertrophic outward remodeling. This flow-mediated remodeling (FMR) is absent in male rats aged 10 mo and more. As FMR depends on estrogens in 3-mo-old female rats, we hypothesized that it might be preserved in 12-mo-old female rats. Blood flow was increased in vivo in mesenteric resistance arteries after ligation of the side arteries in 3- and 12-mo-old male and female rats. After 2 wk, high-flow (HF) and normal-flow (NF) arteries were isolated for in vitro analysis. Arterial diameter and cross-sectional area increased in HF arteries compared with NF arteries in 3-mo-old male and female rats. In 12-mo-old rats, diameter increased only in female rats. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and endothelium-mediated relaxation were higher in HF arteries than in NF arteries in all groups. ERK1/2 phosphorylation, NADPH oxidase subunit expression levels, and arterial contractility to KCl and to phenylephrine were greater in HF vessels than in NF vessels in 12-mo-old male rats only. Ovariectomy in 12-mo-old female rats induced a similar pattern with an increased contractility without diameter increase in HF arteries. Treatment of 12-mo-old male rats and ovariectomized female rats with hydralazine, the antioxidant tempol, or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan restored HF remodeling and normalized arterial contractility in HF vessels. Thus, we found that FMR of resistance arteries remains efficient in 12-mo-old female rats compared with age-matched male rats. A balance between estrogens and vascular contractility might preserve FMR in mature female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Tarhouni
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans University and University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - M. L. Freidja
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans University and University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - A. L. Guihot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers, France
| | | | - L. Grimaud
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans University and University of Angers, Angers, France
- CHU d'Angers, Angers, France; and
| | - B. Toutain
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans University and University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - F. Lenfant
- U858, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J. F. Arnal
- U858, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - L. Loufrani
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans University and University of Angers, Angers, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers, France
- U1083, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Angers, France
- CHU d'Angers, Angers, France; and
| | - D. Henrion
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans University and University of Angers, Angers, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers, France
- U1083, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Angers, France
- CHU d'Angers, Angers, France; and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chan EC, Dusting GJ, Liu GS, Jiang F. Redox mechanisms of the beneficial effects of heme oxygenase in hypertension. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1379-86; discussion 1387. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
40
|
Rizzoni D, Agabiti-Rosei E. Structural abnormalities of small resistance arteries in essential hypertension. Intern Emerg Med 2012; 7:205-12. [PMID: 21380549 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-011-0548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the mechanisms that initiate the increase in blood pressure, the development of structural changes in the systemic vasculature is the end result of established hypertension. In essential hypertension, the small arteries smooth muscle cells are restructured around a smaller lumen, and there is no net growth of the vascular wall, while in some secondary forms of hypertension, a hypertrophic remodeling may be detected. Also, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a hypertrophic remodeling of subcutaneous small arteries is present. The results from our own group have suggested that indices of small resistance artery structure, such as the tunica media to internal lumen ratio, may have a strong prognostic significance in hypertensive patients, over and above all other known cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the regression of vascular alterations is an appealing goal of antihypertensive treatment. Different antihypertensive drugs seem to have different effect on vascular structure, both in human and in animal models of genetic and experimental hypertension. A complete normalization of small resistance artery structure is demonstrated in hypertensive patients, after long-term and effective therapy with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium antagonists. Few data are available in diabetic hypertensive patients; however, blockade of the renin-angiotensin system seems to be effective in this regard. In conclusion, there are several pieces of evidence that suggest that small resistance artery structure may be considered an intermediate endpoint in the evaluation of the effects of antihypertensive therapy; however, there are presently no data available about the prognostic impact of the regression of vascular structural alterations in hypertension and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schreiber S, Bueche CZ, Garz C, Kropf S, Angenstein F, Goldschmidt J, Neumann J, Heinze HJ, Goertler M, Reymann KG, Braun H. The pathologic cascade of cerebrovascular lesions in SHRSP: is erythrocyte accumulation an early phase? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:278-90. [PMID: 21878945 PMCID: PMC3272595 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is associated with vessel wall changes, microbleeds, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbances, and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). As spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) may be a valid model of some aspects of human CSVD, we aimed to identify whether those changes occur in definite temporal stages and whether there is an initial phenomenon beyond those common vascular alterations. Groups of 51 SHRSP were examined simultaneously by histologic (Hematoxylin-Eosin, IgG-Immunohistochemistry, vessel diameter measurement) and imaging methods (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 201-Thallium-Diethyldithiocarbamate/99m-Technetium-HMPAO Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography conducted as pilot study) at different stages of age. Vascular pathology in SHRSP proceeds in definite stages, whereas an age-dependent accumulation of erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles represents the homogeneous initial step of the disease. Erythrocyte accumulations are followed by BBB disturbances and microbleeds, both also increasing with age. Microthromboses, tissue infarctions with CBF reduction, and disturbed potassium uptake represent the final stage of vascular pathology in SHRSP. Erythrocyte accumulations--we parsimoniously interpreted as stases--without cerebral tissue damage represent the first step of vascular pathology in SHRSP. If that initial phenomenon could be identified in patients, these erythrocyte accumulations might be a promising target for implementing prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human CSVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schreiber
- Klinik für Neurologie, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Greenstein AS, Paranthaman R, Burns A, Jackson A, Malik RA, Baldwin RC, Heagerty AM. Cerebrovascular damage in late-life depression is associated with structural and functional abnormalities of subcutaneous small arteries. Hypertension 2010; 56:734-40. [PMID: 20713917 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.152801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Late-life depression is increasingly viewed as a vascular illness because of patients exhibiting characteristic white matter brain lesions and in vivo large artery endothelial dysfunction. However, the "vascular depression" hypothesis pertains to the microvasculature, and this circulation has not been studied in this context. Our objective was to examine structure and function of small subcutaneous arteries in patients with late-life depression. Thus, 16 patients aged 71.8±4.0 years with late-life depression were compared with 15 control participants aged 72.1±5.9 years. There were similar cardiovascular profiles between the 2 groups. All of the participants underwent MRI brain scans and subcutaneous gluteal fat biopsy from which small arteries were isolated and studied using pressure myography. Cerebral microvascular damage in depressed patients was confirmed by assessment of basal ganglia Virchow-Robin space scores (depressed patients 3.9±1.7 versus controls: 2.5±1.6; P=0.01). Contractility to norepinephrine was equivalent in both groups, but relaxation of the small arteries to acetylcholine was significantly reduced in depressed patients (84.0±4.0%) compared with control participants (96.0±1.4%; P=0.012). This difference in arterial relaxation was reduced but not entirely eliminated when NO synthase was inhibited. Depressed patients also exhibited hypertrophic wall growth with an increase in medial cross-sectional area (P=0.035, multiple ANOVA and wall thickness; P=0.04, multiple ANOVA). In conclusion, despite similar cardiovascular profiles, depressed patients with cerebral microvascular damage show abnormalities of subcutaneous small artery structure and function.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Physiologically, macro- and microcirculation differ markedly as macrocirculation deals with pulsatile pressure and flow and microcirculation with steady pressure and flow. Various such haemodynamic aspects correspond to a large heterogeneity in the structure and function of the vascular tree. In the past, diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus were classified on the basis of the structure and function of small and large arteries. The purpose of this paper is to review the cross-talk between the micro- and macrocirculation. We shall discuss this cross-talk from the perspective of the development, physiology and pathology of the entire arterial tree.
Collapse
|
44
|
Retailleau K, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Chanoine S, Guihot AL, Vessières E, Toutain B, Faure S, Bagi Z, Loufrani L, Henrion D. Reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase 2-derived thromboxane A2 reduce angiotensin II type 2 receptor vasorelaxation in diabetic rat resistance arteries. Hypertension 2009; 55:339-44. [PMID: 20026767 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.140236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II has a key role in the control of resistance artery tone and local blood flow. Angiotensin II possesses 2 main receptors. Although angiotensin II type 1 receptor is well known and is involved in the vasoconstrictor and growth properties of angiotensin II, the role of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) remains much less understood. Although AT2R stimulation induces vasodilatation in normotensive rats, it induces vasoconstriction in pathological conditions involving oxidative stress and cyclooxygenase 2 expression. Thus, we studied the influence of cyclooxygenase 2 on AT2R-dependent tone in diabetes mellitus. Mesenteric resistance arteries were isolated from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean Zucker rats and studied using in vitro using wire myography. In ZDF rats, AT2R-induced dilation was lower than in lean rats (11% versus 21% dilation). Dilation in ZDF rats returned to the control (lean rats) level after acute superoxide reduction (Tempol and apocynin), cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition (NS398), or thromboxane A(2) synthesis inhibition (furegrelate). Cyclooxygenase 2 expression and superoxide production were significantly increased in ZDF rat arteries compared with arteries of lean rats. After chronic treatment with Tempol, AT2R-dependent dilation was equivalent in ZDF and lean rats. Chronic treatment of ZDF rats with NS398 also restored AT2R-dependent dilation to the control (lean rats) level. Plasma thromboxane B(2) (thromboxane A(2) metabolite), initially high in ZDF rats, was decreased by chronic Tempol and by chronic NS398 to the level found in lean Zucker rats. Thus, in type 2 diabetic rats, superoxide and thromboxane A(2) reduced AT2R-induced dilation. These findings are important to take into consideration when choosing vasoactive drugs for diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Retailleau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 771, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kalaitzidis R, Bakris G. Management of hypertension in patients with diabetes: the place of angiotensin-II receptor blockers. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11:757-69. [PMID: 19519867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important cardiovascular (CV) risk factor in patients with diabetes mellitus. In this setting, tight control of blood pressure (BP) significantly reduces CV morbidity and mortality. In the UK Prospective Diabetes Study, a 10 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was superior to a 0.7% decrease in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as far as reducing morbidity and mortality was concerned. In the Hypertension Optimal Treatment study, the risk of CV events decreased by 51% among patients with type 2 diabetes randomized to the lower BP level. Based on these findings, contemporary treatment guidelines recommend a target SBP/diastolic blood pressure of <130/80 mmHg for patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rigas Kalaitzidis
- Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in developed and developing countries. It is well accepted that several diseases - including hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus - increase CVD. More recently also chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, have been shown to accelerate CVD. This association further supports a responsible role for inflammatory processes in all stages of CVD pathophysiology. Clinically, CVD ranges through different acute and chronic syndromes with ischemic symptoms in distal tissues, including heart, cerebral region or peripheral arteries. Several treatments for reducing CVD are under investigation. In this review we focus on statins, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs), updating therapeutic evidence from the last clinical trials with particular relevance to diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Foundation for Medical Researches, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pries AR, Habazettl H, Ambrosio G, Hansen PR, Kaski JC, Schächinger V, Tillmanns H, Vassalli G, Tritto I, Weis M, de Wit C, Bugiardini R. A review of methods for assessment of coronary microvascular disease in both clinical and experimental settings. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:165-74. [PMID: 18511433 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive disease of the large coronary arteries is the prominent cause for angina pectoris. However, angina may also occur in the absence of significant coronary atherosclerosis or coronary artery spasm, especially in women. Myocardial ischaemia in these patients is often associated with abnormalities of the coronary microcirculation and may thus represent a manifestation of coronary microvascular disease (CMD). Elucidation of the role of the microvasculature in the genesis of myocardial ischaemia and cardiac damage-in the presence or absence of obstructive coronary atherosclerosis-will certainly result in more rational diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for patients with ischaemic heart disease. Specifically targeted research based on improved assessment modalities is needed to improve the diagnosis of CMD and to translate current molecular, cellular, and physiological knowledge into new therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel R Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bibliography. Current world literature. Diabetes and the endocrine pancreas. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:193-207. [PMID: 18316957 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282fba8b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
49
|
Vokurkova M, Xu S, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species, cell growth, cell cycle progression and vascular remodeling in hypertension. Future Cardiol 2007; 3:53-63. [DOI: 10.2217/14796678.3.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include superoxide, hygrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Under physiological conditions, all vascular cell types produce ROS in a controlled and regulated fashion, mainly through nonphagocyte NADPH oxidase. An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants results in oxidative stress. ROS are important intracellular signaling molecules. There is growing evidence that increased oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage are mediators of vascular injury in hypertension, as well as in other cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress causes vascular injury by reducing nitric oxide bioavailability, altering endothelial function and vascular contraction/dilation, promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy, and increasing extracellular matrix deposition and inflammation. The present review focuses on the regulatory role of ROS on cell growth and cell cycle progression and discusses implications of these events in vascular remodeling in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vokurkova
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shaoping Xu
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8MS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gao W, Ferguson G, Connell P, Walshe T, Murphy R, Birney YA, O'Brien C, Cahill PA. High glucose concentrations alter hypoxia-induced control of vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a HIF-1alpha-dependent pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006; 42:609-19. [PMID: 17321542 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Induction of diabetes can produce arterial wall hypoxia preceding the formation of vascular lesions. We therefore determined whether a dynamic interplay exists between hyperglycemia and the major regulator of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha) in controlling hypoxia-induced vascular smooth muscle cell growth in vitro. Bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMC) were exposed to conditions of normal glucose (5.5 mM) and hyperglycemia (25 mM glucose) under normoxic (5% CO(2), 95% air) and hypoxic (2% O(2), 5% CO(2), 93% N(2)) conditions for 5 days prior to determining cell proliferation and apoptosis using FACS analysis, immunoblot QRT-PCR and caspase-3 enzymatic activity. Chronic hypoxia stimulated apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in the presence of normal glucose while hyperglycemia significantly attenuated the hypoxic-induced growth response. HIF-1alpha expression was also inhibited by hyperglycemia with a concomitant decrease in hypoxia response element (HRE) promoter transactivation. Subsequent siRNA knockdown of HIF-1alpha inhibited the hypoxia-induced changes in growth in the presence of normal glucose while concomitantly attenuating the effects of hyperglycemia on the hypoxic-induced response. These results suggest that hypoxia-induced changes in vascular cell growth are altered by hyperglycemia via inhibition of HIF-1alpha expression and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Vascular Health Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|