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Schunke KJ, Rodriguez J, Dyavanapalli J, Schloen J, Wang X, Escobar J, Kowalik G, Cheung EC, Ribeiro C, Russo R, Alber BR, Dergacheva O, Chen SW, Murillo-Berlioz AE, Lee KB, Trachiotis G, Entcheva E, Brantner CA, Mendelowitz D, Kay MW. Outcomes of hypothalamic oxytocin neuron-driven cardioprotection after acute myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:43. [PMID: 37801130 PMCID: PMC10558415 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered autonomic balance is a hallmark of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). Although device-based vagal stimulation is cardioprotective during chronic disease, a non-invasive approach to selectively stimulate the cardiac parasympathetic system immediately after an infarction does not exist and is desperately needed. Cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs) in the brainstem receive powerful excitation from a population of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus that co-release oxytocin (OXT) and glutamate to excite CVNs. We tested if chemogenetic activation of PVN-OXT neurons following MI would be cardioprotective. The PVN of neonatal rats was transfected with vectors to selectively express DREADDs within OXT neurons. At 6 weeks of age, an MI was induced and DREADDs were activated with clozapine-N-oxide. Seven days following MI, patch-clamp electrophysiology confirmed the augmented excitatory neurotransmission from PVN-OXT neurons to downstream nuclei critical for parasympathetic activity with treatment (43.7 ± 10 vs 86.9 ± 9 pA; MI vs. treatment), resulting in stark improvements in survival (85% vs. 95%; MI vs. treatment), inflammation, fibrosis assessed by trichrome blue staining, mitochondrial function assessed by Seahorse assays, and reduced incidence of arrhythmias (50% vs. 10% cumulative incidence of ventricular fibrillation; MI vs. treatment). Myocardial transcriptomic analysis provided molecular insight into potential cardioprotective mechanisms, which revealed the preservation of beneficial signaling pathways, including muscarinic receptor activation, in treated animals. These comprehensive results demonstrate that the PVN-OXT network could be a promising therapeutic target to quickly activate beneficial parasympathetic-mediated cellular pathways within the heart during the early stages of infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Schunke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, BSB 211 96813, USA.
| | - Jeannette Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - John Schloen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Joan Escobar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Grant Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Emily C Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Caitlin Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Rebekah Russo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Bridget R Alber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Olga Dergacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sheena W Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Alejandro E Murillo-Berlioz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Kyongjune B Lee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Gregory Trachiotis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Christine A Brantner
- The GWU Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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Walther LM, Wirtz PH. Physiological reactivity to acute mental stress in essential hypertension-a systematic review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1215710. [PMID: 37636310 PMCID: PMC10450926 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1215710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Exaggerated physiological reactions to acute mental stress (AMS) are associated with hypertension (development) and have been proposed to play an important role in mediating the cardiovascular disease risk with hypertension. A variety of studies compared physiological reactivity to AMS between essential hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) individuals. However, a systematic review of studies across stress-reactive physiological systems including intermediate biological risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is lacking. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed) for original articles and short reports, published in English language in peer-reviewed journals in November and December 2022. We targeted studies comparing the reactivity between essential HT and NT to AMS in terms of cognitive tasks, public speaking tasks, or the combination of both, in at least one of the predefined stress-reactive physiological systems. Results We included a total of 58 publications. The majority of studies investigated physiological reactivity to mental stressors of mild or moderate intensity. Whereas HT seem to exhibit increased reactivity in response to mild or moderate AMS only under certain conditions (i.e., in response to mild mental stressors with specific characteristics, in an early hyperkinetic stage of HT, or with respect to certain stress systems), increased physiological reactivity in HT as compared to NT to AMS of strong intensity was observed across all investigated stress-reactive physiological systems. Conclusion Overall, this systematic review supports the proposed and expected generalized physiological hyperreactivity to AMS with essential hypertension, in particular to strong mental stress. Moreover, we discuss potential underlying mechanisms and highlight open questions for future research of importance for the comprehensive understanding of the observed hyperreactivity to AMS in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Walther
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Petra H. Wirtz
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Shen A, Li R, Li Y, Guo J, Wang J, Sui X. A system of real-time neural recording and stimulation and its potential application in blood pressure modulation. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:941686. [PMID: 36035774 PMCID: PMC9399767 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.941686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases that affects more than 20% of the adult population worldwide, but fortunately, most of their blood pressure can be effectively controlled via drug treatment. However, there still remains 5–30% of patients clinically who do not respond well to conventional medication, while the non-drug treatments currently existing are struggling with major drawbacks like irreversible nerve damage, huge side effects, and even non-effectiveness. In this study, based on the physiological regulation mechanism of blood pressure and state-of-the-art neuromodulation technique, we worked along with the vagus nerve stimulation scheme, developed, and explored whether and how a real-time neural recording and stimulation system could provide an insight into self-adaptive modulation in the blood pressure, in the hope to crack a crevice in the closed-loop treatment for resistant hypertension. Unlike traditional neuromodulation devices, additional signal recording and real-time wireless transmission functions are added to the same device to realize the features of a dynamic monitor and modulator. The system is tested both in vitro and in vivo, showing decent electrical performance of 8 kHz sampling rate and flexible stimulation outputs which sufficiently covers our needs in manipulating neural activities of interest. A relatively stable drop in the blood pressure resulting from stimulation was observed and specific patterns in the vagus nerve signals relating to blood pressure could also be primarily identified. This laid a solid foundation for further studies on the final realization of closed-loop automatic adjustment for resistive hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anruo Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Runhuan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyao Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jiguang Wang
| | - Xiaohong Sui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Sui
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Duan S, Wang J, Yu F, Song L, Liu C, Sun J, Deng Q, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Guo F, Zhou L, Wang Y, Tan W, Jiang H, Yu L. Enrichment of the Postdischarge GRACE Score With Deceleration Capacity Enhances the Prediction Accuracy of the Long-Term Prognosis After Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:888753. [PMID: 35571153 PMCID: PMC9091655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.888753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac autonomic nerve imbalance has been well documented to provide a critical foundation for the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but is not included in the postdischarge GRACE score. We investigated whether capturing cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS)-related modulations by 24-h deceleration capacity (DC) could improve the capability of existing prognostic models, including the postdischarge Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, to predict prognosis after ACS. Method Patients with ACS were assessed with 24-h Holter monitoring in our department from June 2017 through June 2019. The GRACE score was calculated for postdischarge 6-month mortality. The patients were followed longitudinally for the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), set as a composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction and death. To evaluate the improvement in its discriminative and reclassification capabilities, the GRACE score with DC model was compared with a model using the GRACE score only, using area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC), Akaike's information criteria, the likelihood ratio test, category-free integrated discrimination index (IDI) and continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI). Results Overall, 323 patients were enrolled consecutively. After the follow-up period (mean, 43.78 months), 41 patients were found to have developed MACEs, which were more frequent among patients with DC <2.5 ms. DC adjusted for the GRACE score independently predicted the occurrence of MACEs with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.885 and 95% CI of 0.831–0.943 (p < 0.001). Moreover, adding DC to the GRACE score only model increased the discriminatory ability for MACEs, as indicated by the likelihood ratio test (χ2 = 9.277, 1 df; p < 0.001). The model including the GRACE score combined with DC yielded a lower corrected Akaike's information criterion compared to that with the GRACE score alone. Incorporation of the DC into the existing model that uses the GRACE score enriched the net reclassification indices (NRIe>0 7.3%, NRIne>0 12.8%, NRI>0 0.200; p = 0.003). Entering the DC into the GRACE score model enhanced discrimination (IDI of 1.04%, p < 0.001). Conclusion DC serves as an independent and effective predictor of long-term adverse outcomes after ACS. Integration of DC and the postdischarge GRACE score significantly enhanced the discriminatory capability and precision in the prediction of poor long-term follow-up prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingpeng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengzhe Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuding Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wuping Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Hong Jiang
| | - Lilei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lilei Yu
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Kay MW, Jain V, Panjrath G, Mendelowitz D. Targeting Parasympathetic Activity to Improve Autonomic Tone and Clinical Outcomes. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:39-45. [PMID: 34486396 PMCID: PMC8742722 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00023.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we will briefly summarize the evidence that autonomic imbalance, more specifically reduced parasympathetic activity to the heart, generates and/or maintains many cardiorespiratory diseases and will discuss mechanisms and sites, from myocytes to the brain, that are potential translational targets for restoring parasympathetic activity and improving cardiorespiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Kay
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Vivek Jain
- 2Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gurusher Panjrath
- 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David Mendelowitz
- 4Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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6
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Ooishi Y, Fujino M, Inoue V, Nomura M, Kitagawa N. Differential Effects of Focused Attention and Open Monitoring Meditation on Autonomic Cardiac Modulation and Cortisol Secretion. Front Physiol 2021; 12:675899. [PMID: 34335292 PMCID: PMC8320390 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.675899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been used widely as a useful tool for the alleviation of various stress-related symptoms. However, the effects of MBIs on stress-related physiological activity have not yet been ascertained. MBIs primarily consist of focused-attention (FA) and open-monitoring (OM) meditation. Since differing effects of FA and OM meditation on brain activities and cognitive tasks have been mentioned, we hypothesized that FA and OM meditation have also differing effects on stress-related physiological activity. In this study, we examined the effects of FA and OM meditation on autonomic cardiac modulation and cortisol secretion. Forty-one healthy adults (aged 20-46 years) who were meditation novices experienced 30-min FA and OM meditation tasks by listening to instructions. During resting- and meditation-states, electrocardiogram transducers were attached to participants to measure the R-R interval, which were used to evaluate heart rate (HR) and perform heart rate variability (HRV) analyses. Saliva samples were obtained from participants pre- and post-meditation to measure salivary cortisol levels. Results showed that FA meditation induced a decrease in HR and an increase in the root mean square of successive differences (rMSDD). In contrast, OM meditation induced an increase in the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) to rMSSD ratio (SDNN/rMSSD) and a decrease in salivary cortisol levels. These results suggest that FA meditation elevates physiological relaxation, whereas OM meditation elevates physiological arousal and reduces stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ooishi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujino
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Cognitive Psychology in Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Vimala Inoue
- Faculty of Health Science, Health Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Japan
| | - Michio Nomura
- Division of Cognitive Psychology in Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norimichi Kitagawa
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Japan.,BKC Research Organization of Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Yoshika Institute of Psychology, Kanoashi, Japan
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Kameneva P, Kastriti ME, Adameyko I. Neuronal lineages derived from the nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:513-529. [PMID: 32748156 PMCID: PMC7873084 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, neurogenic placodes and migratory neural crest cells were considered the immediate sources building neurons of peripheral nervous system. Recently, a number of discoveries revealed the existence of another progenitor type-a nerve-associated multipotent Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) building enteric and parasympathetic neurons as well as neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. SCPs are neural crest-derived and are similar to the crest cells by their markers and differentiation potential. Such similarities, but also considerable differences, raise many questions pertaining to the medical side, fundamental developmental biology and evolution. Here, we discuss the genesis of Schwann cell precursors, their role in building peripheral neural structures and ponder on their role in the origin in congenial diseases associated with peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kameneva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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8
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Baptista AF, Baltar A, Okano AH, Moreira A, Campos ACP, Fernandes AM, Brunoni AR, Badran BW, Tanaka C, de Andrade DC, da Silva Machado DG, Morya E, Trujillo E, Swami JK, Camprodon JA, Monte-Silva K, Sá KN, Nunes I, Goulardins JB, Bikson M, Sudbrack-Oliveira P, de Carvalho P, Duarte-Moreira RJ, Pagano RL, Shinjo SK, Zana Y. Applications of Non-invasive Neuromodulation for the Management of Disorders Related to COVID-19. Front Neurol 2020; 11:573718. [PMID: 33324324 PMCID: PMC7724108 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.573718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) morbidity is not restricted to the respiratory system, but also affects the nervous system. Non-invasive neuromodulation may be useful in the treatment of the disorders associated with COVID-19. Objective: To describe the rationale and empirical basis of the use of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management of patients with COVID-10 and related disorders. Methods: We summarize COVID-19 pathophysiology with emphasis of direct neuroinvasiveness, neuroimmune response and inflammation, autonomic balance and neurological, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric sequela. This supports the development of a framework for advancing applications of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management COVID-19 and related disorders. Results: Non-invasive neuromodulation may manage disorders associated with COVID-19 through four pathways: (1) Direct infection mitigation through the stimulation of regions involved in the regulation of systemic anti-inflammatory responses and/or autonomic responses and prevention of neuroinflammation and recovery of respiration; (2) Amelioration of COVID-19 symptoms of musculoskeletal pain and systemic fatigue; (3) Augmenting cognitive and physical rehabilitation following critical illness; and (4) Treating outbreak-related mental distress including neurological and psychiatric disorders exacerbated by surrounding psychosocial stressors related to COVID-19. The selection of the appropriate techniques will depend on the identified target treatment pathway. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection results in a myriad of acute and chronic symptoms, both directly associated with respiratory distress (e.g., rehabilitation) or of yet-to-be-determined etiology (e.g., fatigue). Non-invasive neuromodulation is a toolbox of techniques that based on targeted pathways and empirical evidence (largely in non-COVID-19 patients) can be investigated in the management of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrahão Fontes Baptista
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Centros de Pesquisa, Investigação e Difusão - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations 54 (LIM-54), São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Baltar
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Specialized Neuromodulation Center—Neuromod, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hideki Okano
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Centros de Pesquisa, Investigação e Difusão - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Moreira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Mércia Fernandes
- Centro de Dor, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Russowsky Brunoni
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bashar W. Badran
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Clarice Tanaka
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations 54 (LIM-54), São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Centro de Dor, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edgard Morya
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Neuroscience Institute, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Trujillo
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
| | - Jaiti K. Swami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joan A. Camprodon
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katia Monte-Silva
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Katia Nunes Sá
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Isadora Nunes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Betim, Brazil
| | - Juliana Barbosa Goulardins
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations 54 (LIM-54), São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Priscila de Carvalho
- Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Jardim Duarte-Moreira
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yossi Zana
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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9
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Anderson A, Masuho I, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Nakano A, Birnbaumer L, Martemyanov KA, Wickman K. GPCR-dependent biasing of GIRK channel signaling dynamics by RGS6 in mouse sinoatrial nodal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14522-14531. [PMID: 32513692 PMCID: PMC7322085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001270117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) evoke specific biological outcomes while utilizing a limited array of G proteins and effectors is poorly understood, particularly in native cell systems. Here, we examined signaling evoked by muscarinic (M2R) and adenosine (A1R) receptor activation in the mouse sinoatrial node (SAN), the cardiac pacemaker. M2R and A1R activate a shared pool of cardiac G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels in SAN cells from adult mice, but A1R-GIRK responses are smaller and slower than M2R-GIRK responses. Recordings from mice lacking Regulator of G protein Signaling 6 (RGS6) revealed that RGS6 exerts a GPCR-dependent influence on GIRK-dependent signaling in SAN cells, suppressing M2R-GIRK coupling efficiency and kinetics and A1R-GIRK signaling amplitude. Fast kinetic bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays in transfected HEK cells showed that RGS6 prefers Gαo over Gαi as a substrate for its catalytic activity and that M2R signals preferentially via Gαo, while A1R does not discriminate between inhibitory G protein isoforms. The impact of atrial/SAN-selective ablation of Gαo or Gαi2 was consistent with these findings. Gαi2 ablation had minimal impact on M2R-GIRK and A1R-GIRK signaling in SAN cells. In contrast, Gαo ablation decreased the amplitude and slowed the kinetics of M2R-GIRK responses, while enhancing the sensitivity and prolonging the deactivation rate of A1R-GIRK signaling. Collectively, our data show that differences in GPCR-G protein coupling preferences, and the Gαo substrate preference of RGS6, shape A1R- and M2R-GIRK signaling dynamics in mouse SAN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | | | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
- Biomedical Research Institute, Catholic University of Argentina, C1107AAZ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
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10
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Barr JL, Lindenau KL, Brailoiu E, Brailoiu GC. Direct evidence of bradycardic effect of omega-3 fatty acids acting on nucleus ambiguus. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135196. [PMID: 32585256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is an agonist of FFA1 receptor. DHA administration reduces the heart rate via unclear mechanisms. We examined the effect of DHA on neurons of nucleus ambiguus that provide the parasympathetic control of heart rate. DHA produced a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in cardiac-projecting nucleus ambiguus neurons; the effect was prevented by GW1100, a FFA1 receptor antagonist. DHA depolarized cultured nucleus ambiguus neurons via FFA1 activation. Bilateral microinjection of DHA into nucleus ambiguus produced bradycardia in conscious rats. Our results indicate that DHA decreases heart rate by activation of FFA1 receptor on cardiac-projecting nucleus ambiguus neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Barr
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Kristen L Lindenau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut St, Suite 901, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut St, Suite 901, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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11
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Dyavanapalli J, Rodriguez J, Rocha Dos Santos C, Escobar JB, Dwyer MK, Schloen J, Lee KM, Wolaver W, Wang X, Dergacheva O, Michelini LC, Schunke KJ, Spurney CF, Kay MW, Mendelowitz D. Activation of Oxytocin Neurons Improves Cardiac Function in a Pressure-Overload Model of Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:484-497. [PMID: 32478209 PMCID: PMC7251188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic OXT neurons were chronically activated using a chemogenetic approach in an animal model of HF. Synaptic release of OXT onto parasympathetic autonomic targets was reduced in animals with HF but restored with daily treatment consisting of activation of OXT neurons. Long-term daily OXT neuron activation increased parasympathetic activity to the heart and reduced mortality, cardiac inflammation, and fibrosis and improved critical longitudinal in vivo indices of cardiac function. The benefits in cardiac function and autonomic balance in HF closely tracked the study-designed differences in initiation of OXT neuron activation in different groups.
This work shows long-term restoration of the hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) network preserves OXT release, reduces mortality, cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and improves autonomic tone and cardiac function in a model of heart failure. Intranasal administration of OXT in patients mimics the short-term changes seen in animals by increasing parasympathetic—and decreasing sympathetic—cardiac activity. This work provides the essential translational foundation to determine if approaches that mimic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) OXT neuron activation, such as safe, noninvasive, and well-tolerated intranasal administration of OXT, can be beneficial in patients with heart failure.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CNO, clozapine-N-oxide
- CVN, cardiac vagal neuron
- ChR2, channelrhodopsin
- DMNX, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
- DREADD, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug
- HF, heart failure
- IL, interleukin
- LV, left ventricle
- LVDP, left ventricle- developed pressure
- OXT, oxytocin
- PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
- SD, standard deviation
- TAC, transascending aortic constriction
- heart failure
- oxytocin
- parasympathetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jeannette Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Joan B Escobar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Mary Kate Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - John Schloen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Whitney Wolaver
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Olga Dergacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Lisete C Michelini
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Kathryn J Schunke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Christopher F Spurney
- Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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12
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Park JH, Gorky J, Ogunnaike B, Vadigepalli R, Schwaber JS. Investigating the Effects of Brainstem Neuronal Adaptation on Cardiovascular Homeostasis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:470. [PMID: 32508573 PMCID: PMC7251082 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Central coordination of cardiovascular function is accomplished, in part, by the baroreceptor reflex, a multi-input multi-output physiological control system that regulates the activity of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems via interactions among multiple brainstem nuclei. Recent single-cell analyses within the brain revealed that individual neurons within and across brain nuclei exhibit distinct transcriptional states contributing to neuronal function. Such transcriptional heterogeneity complicates the task of understanding how neurons within and across brain nuclei organize and function to process multiple inputs and coordinate cardiovascular functions within the larger context of the baroreceptor reflex. However, prior analysis of brainstem neurons revealed that single-neuron transcriptional heterogeneity reflects an adaptive response to synaptic inputs and that neurons organize into distinct subtypes with respect to synaptic inputs received. Based on these results, we hypothesize that adaptation of neuronal subtypes support robust biological function through graded cellular responses. We test this hypothesis by examining the functional impact of neuronal adaptation on parasympathetic activity within the context of short-term baroreceptor reflex regulation. In this work, we extend existing quantitative closed-loop models of the baroreceptor reflex by incorporating into the model distinct input-driven neuronal subtypes and neuroanatomical groups that modulate parasympathetic activity. We then use this extended model to investigate, via simulation, the functional role of neuronal adaptation under conditions of health and systolic heart failure. Simulation results suggest that parasympathetic activity can be modulated appropriately by the coordination of distinct neuronal subtypes to maintain normal cardiovascular functions under systolic heart failure conditions. Moreover, differing degrees of adaptation of these neuronal subtypes contribute to cardiovascular behaviors corresponding to distinct clinical phenotypes of heart failure, such as exercise intolerance. Further, our results suggest that an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity regulating ventricular contractility contributes to exercise intolerance in systolic heart failure patients, and restoring this balance can improve the short-term cardiovascular performance of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Park
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan Gorky
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Babatunde Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James S Schwaber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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13
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Meister AL, Doheny KK, Travagli RA. Necrotizing enterocolitis: It's not all in the gut. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 245:85-95. [PMID: 31810384 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219891971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis is the leading cause of death due to gastrointestinal disease in preterm neonates, affecting 5–12% of neonates born at a very-low birth weight. Necrotizing enterocolitis can present with a slow and insidious onset, with some neonates displaying early symptoms such as feeding intolerance. Treatment during the early stages includes bowel rest and careful use of antibiotics, but surgery is required if pneumoperitoneum and intestinal perforation occur. Mortality rates among neonates requiring surgery are estimated to be 20–30%, mandating the development of non-invasive and reliable biomarkers to predict necrotizing enterocolitis before the onset of clinical signs. Such biomarkers would allow at-risk neonates to receive maximal preventative therapies such as careful nutritional consideration, probiotics, and increased skin-to-skin care.Impact statementNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease; its high mortality rate mandates the development of non-invasive biomarkers to predict NEC before its onset. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, prevention, unresolved issues, and long-term outcomes of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa L Meister
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kim K Doheny
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - R Alberto Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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14
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Besecker EM, Blanke EN, Deiter GM, Holmes GM. Gastric vagal afferent neuropathy following experimental spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113092. [PMID: 31697943 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function accompanies high-thoracic spinal cord injury (T3-SCI). The vagus nerve contains mechano- and chemosensory fibers as well as the motor fibers necessary for the central nervous system (CNS) control of GI reflexes. Cell bodies for the vagal afferent fibers are located within the nodose gangla (NG) and the majority of vagal afferent axons are unmyelinated C fibers that are sensitive to capsaicin through activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels. Vagal afferent fibers also express receptors for GI hormones, including cholecystokinin (CCK). Previously, T3-SCI provokes a transient GI inflammatory response as well as a reduction of both gastric emptying and centrally-mediated vagal responses to GI peptides, including CCK. TRPV1 channels and CCK-A receptors (CCKar) expressed in vagal afferents are upregulated in models of visceral inflammation. The present study investigated whether T3-SCI attenuates peripheral vagal afferent sensitivity through plasticity of TRPV1 and CCK receptors. Vagal afferent response to graded mechanical stimulation of the stomach was significantly attenuated by T3-SCI at 3-day and 3-week recovery. Immunocytochemical labeling for CCKar and TRPV1 demonstrated expression on dissociated gastric-projecting NG neurons. Quantitative assessment of mRNA expression by qRT-PCR revealed significant elevation of CCKar and TRPV1 in the whole NG following T3-SCI in 3-day recovery, but levels returned to normal after 3-weeks. Three days after injury, systemic administration of CCK-8 s showed a significantly diminished gastric vagal afferent response in T3-SCI rats compared to control rats while systemic capsaicin infusion revealed a significant elevation of vagal response in T3-SCI vs control rats. These findings demonstrate that T3-SCI provokes peripheral remodeling and prolonged alterations in the response of vagal afferent fibers to the physiological signals associated with digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Besecker
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America; Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, United States of America
| | - Emily N Blanke
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Gina M Deiter
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America.
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15
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Meister AL, Jiang Y, Doheny KK, Travagli RA. Correlation between the motility of the proximal antrum and the high-frequency power of heart rate variability in freely moving rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13633. [PMID: 31119854 PMCID: PMC6639127 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac vagal tone can be monitored non-invasively via electrocardiogram measurements of the high-frequency power spectrum of heart rate variability (HF-HRV). Vagal inputs to the upper GI tract are cumbersome to measure non-invasively. Although cardiac and GI vagal outputs arise from distinct brainstem nuclei, the nucleus ambiguus, and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, respectively, we aim to test the hypotheses that in freely moving rats HF-HRV power is correlated to proximal antral motility and can be altered by high levels of circulating estrogen and vagal-selective treatments known to affect antral motility. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with a miniaturized strain gauge on the proximal gastric antrum and ECG electrodes to collect simultaneous antral motility and electrocardiogram. After recovery, male rats underwent baseline recordings before and after administration of saline (N = 8), cholecystokinin (CCK; N = 7), ghrelin (N = 6), or food (N = 6). Female rats (N = 6) underwent twice-daily recordings to determine baseline correlations during estrous cycle stages. KEY RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between HF-HRV and proximal antral motility at baseline in males and females with low, but not high, estrogen levels. In male rats, the significant positive correlation was maintained following CCK, but not ghrelin or food administration. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our data suggest that in rodents, HF-HRV positively correlates to proximal antral motility at baseline conditions in males and low-estrogen females or following interventions, such as CCK, known to affect vagal tone. This correlation is not observed when antral motility is influenced by more complex events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa L. Meister
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Kim K. Doheny
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA,Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - R. Alberto Travagli
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA,Corresponding author: Dr. R. Alberto Travagli, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, MC H109, Hershey, PA 17033,
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16
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Brush CJ, Olson RL, Ehmann PJ, Bocchine AJ, Bates ME, Buckman JF, Leyro TM, Alderman BL. Lower resting cardiac autonomic balance in young adults with current major depression. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13385. [PMID: 31020679 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on cardiac autonomic function in major depressive disorder (MDD) has predominantly examined cardiac vagal control and adopted a model of reciprocal autonomic balance. A proposed bivariate autonomic continuum uses cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) models, derived from normalized values of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pre-ejection period, to more adequately index patterns of autonomic control. The purpose of this study was to assess resting levels of CAB and CAR among young adults with and without a current diagnosis of major depression. One hundred forty-two young adults (n = 65 MDD, n = 77 healthy controls; 20.8 ± 2.6 years) completed a structured diagnostic interview, cardiovascular assessment, and a maximal aerobic fitness test. The findings revealed that CAB, but not CAR, significantly predicted current MDD status (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.53, 0.93]), an effect that remained after controlling for aerobic fitness and body mass index. Although CAB was found to be a significant predictor of current MDD status among a sample of young adults, there remained substantial variation in autonomic control that was not captured by the traditional model of reciprocal autonomic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ryan L Olson
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Peter J Ehmann
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Anthony J Bocchine
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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17
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Wang ML, Lin PL, Huang CH, Huang HH. Decreased Parasympathetic Activity of Heart Rate Variability During Anticipation of Night Duty in Anesthesiology Residents. Anesth Analg 2018; 126:1013-1018. [PMID: 29200073 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In residency programs, it is well known that autonomic regulation is influenced by night duty due to workload stress and sleep deprivation. A less investigated question is the impact on the autonomic nervous system of residents before or when anticipating a night duty shift. In this study, heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated as a measure of autonomic nervous system regulation. METHODS Eight residents in the Department of Anesthesiology were recruited, and 5 minutes of electrocardiography were recorded under 3 different conditions: (1) the morning of a regular work day (baseline); (2) the morning before a night duty shift (anticipating the night duty); and (3) the morning after a night duty shift. HRV parameters in the time and frequency domains were calculated. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare the HRV parameters among the 3 conditions. RESULTS There was a significant decrease of parasympathetic-related HRV measurements (high-frequency power and root mean square of the standard deviation of R-R intervals) in the morning before night duty compared with the regular work day. The mean difference of high-frequency power between the 2 groups was 80.2 ms (95% confidence interval, 14.5-146) and that of root mean square of the standard deviation of R-R intervals was 26 milliseconds (95% confidence interval, 7.2-44.8), with P = .016 and .007, respectively. These results suggest that the decrease of parasympathetic activity is associated with stress related to the condition of anticipating the night duty work. On the other hand, the HRV parameters in the morning after duty were not different from the regular workday. CONCLUSIONS The stress of anticipating the night duty work may affect regulation of the autonomic nervous system, mainly manifested as a decrease in parasympathetic activity. The effect of this change on the health of medical personnel deserves our concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Wang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Lin
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Huang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsun Huang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Liu L, Zhao M, Yu X, Zang W. Pharmacological Modulation of Vagal Nerve Activity in Cardiovascular Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:156-166. [PMID: 30218283 PMCID: PMC6357265 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are life-threatening illnesses with high morbidity and mortality. Suppressed vagal (parasympathetic) activity and increased sympathetic activity are involved in these diseases. Currently, pharmacological interventions primarily aim to inhibit over-excitation of sympathetic nerves, while vagal modulation has been largely neglected. Many studies have demonstrated that increased vagal activity reduces cardiovascular risk factors in both animal models and human patients. Therefore, the improvement of vagal activity may be an alternate approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, drugs used for vagus nerve activation in cardiovascular diseases are limited in the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential drug targets for modulating vagal nerve activation, including muscarinic, and β-adrenergic receptors. In addition, vagomimetic drugs (such as choline, acetylcholine, and pyridostigmine) and the mechanism underlying their cardiovascular protective effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Zhang S, Takahashi R, Yamashita N, Teraoka H, Kitazawa T. Αlpha 1B-adrenoceptor-mediated positive inotropic and positive chronotropic actions in the mouse atrium. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 839:82-88. [PMID: 30172786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of cardiac contractility by α-adrenoceptor is well known in several mammals. Mice are useful experimental animals, but α-adrenoceptor-mediated responses have been examined only in the ventricles. To determine function of α-adrenoceptors in the atrium, effects of α-adrenoceptor agonists on spontaneous contraction and electrical-field stimulation (EFS)-induced contraction were examined. In addition, expression of α1A, α1B, α1D and β1-adrenoceptor mRNAs were examined. In the right atrium, noradrenaline and phenylephrine caused positive inotropic and positive chronotropic actions. However, methoxamine, clonidine and xylazine caused positive inotropic actions, but contractile frequency was decreased at high concentrations. Phenylephrine-induced positive inotropic and chronotropic actions were partially decreased by propranolol, and both actions remained in the presence of propranolol were inhibited by phentolamine or prazosin. A low concentration of silodosin (<100 nM) did not but a high concentration (1 μM) decreased the phenylephrine-induced chronotropic actions. Negative chronotropic actions of clonidine and xylazine were insensitive to propranolol and phentolamine. The EFS-induced contraction of the left atrium was potentiated by noradrenaline, phenylephrine and methoxamine but was not changed by clonidine or xylazine. Propranolol partially decreased the actions of phenylephrine, and prazosin caused additional inhibition. Expression of β1-, α1A-, α1B- and α1D-adrenoceptor mRNAs was found in the atrium, and the expression level of β1-adrenoceptor was the highest. Of α1-adrenoceptors, the expression level of α1B was higher than that of α1A and α1D. In conclusion, α1B-adrenoceptors are expressed in the mouse atrium and mediate both positive chronotropic and inotropic actions. In contrast, the α2-adrenoceptor is not functional in the isolated atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Zhang
- Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Rena Takahashi
- Comparative Animal Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamashita
- Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teraoka
- Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takio Kitazawa
- Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; Comparative Animal Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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20
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Lee SW, Anderson A, Guzman PA, Nakano A, Tolkacheva EG, Wickman K. Atrial GIRK Channels Mediate the Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Heart Rate Dynamics and Arrhythmogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:943. [PMID: 30072916 PMCID: PMC6060443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished parasympathetic influence is central to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and hypertension. Stimulation of the vagus nerve has shown promise in treating cardiovascular disease, prompting renewed interest in understanding the signaling pathway(s) that mediate the vagal influence on cardiac physiology. Here, we evaluated the contribution of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels to the effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and arrhythmogenesis in anesthetized mice. As parasympathetic fibers innervate both atria and ventricle, and GIRK channels contribute to the cholinergic impact on atrial and ventricular myocytes, we collected in vivo electrocardiogram recordings from mice lacking either atrial or ventricular GIRK channels, during VNS. VNS decreased HR and increased HRV in control mice, in a muscarinic receptor-dependent manner. This effect was preserved in mice lacking ventricular GIRK channels, but was nearly completely absent in mice lacking GIRK channels in the atria. In addition, atrial-specific ablation of GIRK channels conferred resistance to arrhythmic episodes induced by VNS. These data indicate that atrial GIRK channels are the primary mediators of the impact of VNS on HR, HRV, and arrhythmogenesis in the anesthetized mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Allison Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Pilar A. Guzman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elena G. Tolkacheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Garrott K, Dyavanapalli J, Cauley E, Dwyer MK, Kuzmiak-Glancy S, Wang X, Mendelowitz D, Kay MW. Chronic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons improves cardiac function during left ventricular hypertrophy-induced heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1318-1328. [PMID: 28472396 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims A distinctive hallmark of heart failure (HF) is autonomic imbalance, consisting of increased sympathetic activity, and decreased parasympathetic tone. Recent work suggests that activation of hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) neurons could improve autonomic balance during HF. We hypothesized that a novel method of chronic selective activation of hypothalamic OXT neurons will improve cardiac function and reduce inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of HF. Methods and results Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent trans-ascending aortic constriction (TAC) to induce left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy that progresses to HF. In one TAC group, OXT neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were chronically activated by selective expression and activation of excitatory DREADDs receptors with daily injections of clozapine N-oxide (CNO) (TAC + OXT). Two additional age-matched groups received either saline injections (Control) or CNO injections for excitatory DREADDs activation (OXT NORM). Heart rate (HR), LV developed pressure (LVDP), and coronary flow rate were measured in isolated heart experiments. Isoproterenol (0.01 nM-1.0 µM) was administered to evaluate β-adrenergic sensitivity. We found that increases in cellular hypertrophy and myocardial collagen density in TAC were blunted in TAC + OXT animals. Inflammatory cytokine IL-1β expression was more than twice higher in TAC than all other hearts. LVDP, rate pressure product (RPP), contractility, and relaxation were depressed in TAC compared with all other groups. The response of TAC and TAC + OXT hearts to isoproterenol was blunted, with no significant increase in RPP, contractility, or relaxation. However, HR in TAC + OXT animals increased to match Control at higher doses of isoproterenol. Conclusions Activation of hypothalamic OXT neurons to elevate parasympathetic tone reduced cellular hypertrophy, levels of IL-1β, and fibrosis during TAC-induced HF in rats. Cardiac contractility parameters were significantly higher in TAC + OXT compared with TAC animals. HR sensitivity, but not contractile sensitivity, to β-adrenergic stimulation was improved in TAC + OXT hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Garrott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, GWU Science and Engineering Hall, 800?22nd Street NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Suite 640, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Edmund Cauley
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Suite 640, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Mary Kate Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, GWU Science and Engineering Hall, 800?22nd Street NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Sarah Kuzmiak-Glancy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, GWU Science and Engineering Hall, 800?22nd Street NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Suite 640, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Suite 640, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, GWU Science and Engineering Hall, 800?22nd Street NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Brailoiu E, McGuire M, Shuler SA, Deliu E, Barr JL, Abood ME, Brailoiu GC. Modulation of cardiac vagal tone by bradykinin acting on nucleus ambiguus. Neuroscience 2017; 365:23-32. [PMID: 28951324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK), a component of the kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system exerts multiple effects via B1 and B2 receptor activation. In the cardiovascular system, bradykinin has cardioprotective and vasodilator properties. We investigated the effect of BK on cardiac-projecting neurons of nucleus ambiguus, a key site for the parasympathetic cardiac regulation. BK produced a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Pretreatment with HOE140, a B2 receptor antagonist, but not with R715, a B1 receptor antagonist, abolished the response to BK. A selective B2 receptor agonist, but not a B1 receptor agonist, elicited an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ similarly to BK. Inhibition of N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels with ω-conotoxin GVIA had no effect on the Ca2+ signal produced by BK, while pretreatment with ω-conotoxin MVIIC, a blocker of P/Q-type of Ca2+ channels, significantly diminished the effect of BK. Pretreatment with xestospongin C and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, antagonists of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, abolished the response to BK. Inhibition of ryanodine receptors reduced the BK-induced Ca2+ increase, while disruption of lysosomal Ca2+ stores with bafilomycin A1 did not affect the response. BK produced a dose-dependent depolarization of nucleus ambiguus neurons, which was prevented by the B2 receptor antagonist. In vivo studies indicate that microinjection of BK into nucleus ambiguus elicited bradycardia in conscious rats via B2 receptors. In summary, in cardiac vagal neurons of nucleus ambiguus, BK activates B2 receptors promoting Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum, and membrane depolarization; these effects are translated in vivo by bradycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Matthew McGuire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Shadaria A Shuler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Elena Deliu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Barr
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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Gherghina FL, Tica AA, Deliu E, Abood ME, Brailoiu GC, Brailoiu E. Effects of VPAC1 activation in nucleus ambiguus neurons. Brain Res 2017; 1657:297-303. [PMID: 28043808 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its G protein-coupled receptors, PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 form a system involved in a variety of biological processes. Although some sympathetic stimulatory effects of this system have been reported, its central cardiovascular regulatory properties are poorly characterized. VPAC1 receptors are expressed in the nucleus ambiguus (nAmb), a key center controlling cardiac parasympathetic tone. In this study, we report that selective VPAC1 activation in rhodamine-labeled cardiac vagal preganglionic neurons of the rat nAmb produces inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization, membrane depolarization and activation of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. In vivo, this pathway converges onto transient reduction in heart rate of conscious rats. Therefore we demonstrate a VPAC1-dependent mechanism in the central parasympathetic regulation of the heart rate, adding to the complexity of PACAP-mediated cardiovascular modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Adrian Tica
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Elena Deliu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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